Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AddMathLesson (5th Form Term 1, Lesson 25 - Rules of Differentiation)
AddMathLesson (5th Form Term 1, Lesson 25 - Rules of Differentiation)
“You, you, can’t even break a rule, how would you be expected to break bone!
- Khan (from the movie “Star Trek: Into Darkness” )
O.M. “For specialised military campaigns, there are what are known as rules of engagement
which define the directives and conditional constraints among involved parties for carrying
out such a campaign. Well, mathematicians are not (necessarily) warriors but when we engage
in differentiation campaigns, there are rules we must follow or else….we may break a bone! ”
In general,
𝑑 𝑑 n
• 1. ( cxn ) = c (x )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• 2. ( cf(x) ) = c f ' (x) , where c and n are constants
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
5. ( f(x) – g(x) ) = ( f(x) ) – (g(x))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= f ' (x) – g ' (x) //Difference rule.//
−𝟕(𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐)
= 𝟐
(𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐)
Example 5: Find f ' (x) for each of the following functions.
(a) f (x) = x2 sin x (b) f (x) = (3x2 – 1) cos x
Solution:
(a) f (x) = x2 sin x //By data.//
Let u = x2 and v = sin x
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥
= 2x //power rule // and = cos x
𝑑𝑥
Thus, f ' (x) = sin x (2x) + x2 (cos x) //By product rule.//
= 2x sin x + x2 cos x
Example 6:
𝑑𝑦
Find if
𝑑𝑥
1
(a) y = (x3 – 4x2 + 7)10 (b) y = 3
√𝑥 2 − 3
Solution:
(a) y = (x3 – 4x2 + 7)10 //By data.// f (u) = u10 , g (v) = v3 – 4v2 + 7
𝑑𝑦
Thus, = 10(x3 – 4x2 + 7)9 × (3x2 – 8x)
𝑑𝑥
(b) y = cos5 x
𝑑𝑦
= 5 cos4 x × (- sin x)
𝑑𝑥
= - 5 cos4 x sin x
The general rules are as follows:
𝑑
• sinn x = n cosn - 1 x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• cosn x = – n sinn - 1 x
𝑑𝑥
Derivatives of sin ax and cos ax ; b sin ax and b cos ax
Example 8: Find the derivative f ' (x) of each of the following trigonometric equations, where
a is a constant.
(a) f (x) = sin ax (b) f (x) = cos ax
Solution:
(a) f (x) = sin ax
f ' (x) = cos ax × a = a cos ax
(b) f (x) = cos ax
f ' (x) = - a sin ax
Solution:
1 𝜋
(a) Let f (x) = sin ( x – )
3 2
1 𝜋 1
f ' (x) = cos ( x – )×
3 2 3
𝟏 𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝒙 – )
𝟑 𝟐
=
𝟑
1 𝜋
(b) Let f (x) = cos ( x + )
5 4
𝟏 𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝒙 +
𝟓 𝟒
)
f ' (x) = −
𝟓
TAKE AWAYS
The rules of differentiation are categorised into:
• Rules for multiples of a function (See 25. 1)
• Rules for sum and difference of two functions. (See 25.2)
• Product and Quotient rules. (See 25.3)
• Chain Rule (See 25.4(a))
The Chain Rule can be applied to differentiating the following: (See 25.4(b) )
• Derivatives of sinn x and cos n x :
• Derivatives of sin ax and cos ax ; b sin ax and b cos ax
• Derivatives of sin (ax ± b) and cos (ax ± b )