40 Limites Avec Correction

Exercice :
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Calculer les limites suivantes :
x √
3

1 lim √ 17 lim x3 + 8 − x
x→+∞
x→+∞ 3
x−1
√
√ x+6−2
3
a
3
x − x3 18 lim
2 lim x→2 x2 − 2x
2−x
h
x→−∞ √
3
√
√ x3 + x + 1 − 4 x4 + 1
ap
1−x−1
3 19 lim
3 lim x→+∞ 2x
x→0 sin x √
√ 20 lim x − 3 5x2 + x + 1
x→+∞
t
x− 3 x+6
4 lim √
us
x→2 3 − 2x + 5 x3 − 3x2 + 4
21 lim 2
√ x→2 5x − 7x − 6
3
x+7−2
M
v 
5 lim 4√ u
x3
x→1 x−1 22 lim u

t
− x

√ x→+∞ x+2
3
5−x−1
√
e
6 lim
 
x→4 2 − 3 x + 4 1 1 
23 lim x2  √ − √
√ √
an x→+∞ x x+1
7 lim x − 3 x − x
x→+∞ x2
√ √ 24 lim
am
q
x+6− x+2
3 x→+∞ (8x3 + x2 )2
3
8 lim √
x→2 x−2 25 lim 3 64x3 + x2 − 4x

√ x→+∞
zz
9 lim 3 x3 + x2 + 1 − 2x √
x→+∞ 26 lim 4x2 + x + 1 + 2x − 3
√ x→−∞
3
x3 x2 +1−x
-E
10 lim + sin x − tan x

x→+∞
27 lim
√ √ x→0 x3
x− 3 x √ √
11 lim √ √
r
3
x→+∞ x+ 6 x 7x2 − x + x2 − 3x − 4
28 lim
ad
√ √ x→−1 x2 − 1
3
2x3 − x − 3 x3 + 2x √
12 lim
3
x+7−2
x 29 lim √
fB
x→+∞
x→1 x+3−2
x3 − 27 v
13 lim 3√ √ x3 + 5x2 − 7
u
u
4t
x→3 x− 3 3 30 lim
x→−∞ 16x3 − 3x + 1
Po
√
3 √
8x3 + 5 3
x4 + x2 + 2
14 lim 3 3 √ 31 lim
x→+∞ x +2 x→−∞ x+2
sin x 1 − cos(2x)
15 x→π
lim 32 lim 3√ 2
x−π x→0 x +1−1
√ √
16 lim x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x − 1 33 lim 3 x3 + 5x2 + 3 − 2x + 1
x→−∞ x→+∞
1
√ √ √
4x + 7 − 3
3
x2 + 3 + 2x + 2 − 4
34 lim √ 2 38 lim
x→5 2x − 1 − 7 x→1 x−1
2x + 3
35 lim 3√ 2
x→+∞ x +4+5 x
39 lim √
4x − 1 x→−∞ 3
2−x
36 lim √ 2
x→−∞ x + 3x + 5 + 2x
a
√ √
3
x+1− 1−x 1 − cos(4x)
h
37 lim 40 lim
x→0 x x→0 tan x sin 3x
ap
Correction :
t
us
x
1 Calculons lim √ :
x→+∞ 3
x−1
M
On a:
√ 3
x ( 3 x)
lim √ = lim
e
 
x→+∞ 3
x − 1 x→+∞ 3√  1
x 1 − 3√
an x

√ 2
x)( 3
= lim
am
 
x→+∞
1 − √
1 
3
x
donc :
zz
x
lim √ = +∞
x→+∞ 3
x−1
-E
car :
√ 1
lim 3
x = +∞ ; lim X 2 = +∞ et lim =0
x→+∞ X→+∞ t→+∞ t
r
ad
√
3
x − x3
fB
2 Calculons lim :
x→−∞ 2−x
On a :
v
−1
u !
√
Po
(−x3 )
u
3
3t
+1
x − x3 x2
lim = lim 2
!
x→−∞ 2−x x→−∞
x −1
x
2
donc:
v
−1
u !
√ (−x)3
u
3
3t
+1
x − x3 x2
lim = lim 2
!
x→−∞ 2−x x→−∞
x −1
x s
q −1
3
(−x)3 × 3
+1
a
x2
= lim
h
2
!
x→−∞
−1 x
x
ap
−1
s
−x × 3 2 + 1
= lim x !
t
x→−∞ 2
x −1
us
x
−1
s
3
− 2
+1
M
= lim x
2
!
x→−∞
−1
x
e
donc :
an √
3
x − x3
lim =1
2−x
am
x→−∞
car : √
1 3 1
lim =0 ; lim X = 1 et lim=0
x→−∞ x2 X→1 x→−∞ x
zz
√
-E
3
1−x−1
3 Calculons lim :
x→0 sin x
On a :
r
√ √ √
ad
√ 2

3
1−x−1 1−x−1
3
1−x + 1−x+1 3 3
lim = lim √ 2 √
x→0 sin x x→0 3
1 − x + 3 1 − x + 1 sin x
fB
√ 3
3
1 − x − 13
= lim √ 2 √
x→0 3
1 − x + 1 − x + 1 sin x
3
Po
1−x−1
= lim √ 2 √
x→0 3
1 − x + 1 − x + 1 sin x
3
−x
= lim √ 2 √
x→0 3
1 − x + 1 − x + 1 sin x
3
3
donc :
√
3
1−x−1 −1
lim = lim √ √ sin x
sin x 2
x→0 x→0 3
1−x + 1−x+1
3
x
donc: √
3
1 − x − 1 −1
lim =
a
x→0 sin x 3
car :
h
√
3 sin x
lim 1 − x = 1 et lim =1
ap
x→0 x→0 x
t
√
x− 3 x+6
us
x→2 3 − 2x + 5
On a :
M
√ √
2
√ √ 2 √
x− x+6
3 x − 3
x + 6 x + x 3
x + 6 + 3
x + 6 3 + 2x + 5
lim √ = lim √ √ √ √
2x + 5 x→2 3 − 2x + 5 3 + 2x + 5 x2 + x 3 x + 6 + 3 x + 6 2

x→2 3 −

e
√ 3 √
3
x − 3
an
x+6 3 + 2x + 5

= lim √ 2 √ √ 2
x→2 2 2
3 − 2x + 5 x +x x+6+ 3 3
x+6
√
am

(x3 − (x + 6)) 3 + 2x + 5
= lim √ √ 2
x→2
(9 − (2x + 5)) x2 + x 3 x + 6 + 3 x + 6
√
zz

(x3 − x − 6) 3 + 2x + 5
= lim √ √ 2
x→2
(−2x + 4) x2 + x 3 x + 6 + 3 x + 6
-E
√
(x − 2) (x2 + 2x + 3) 3 + 2x + 5
= lim √ √ 2
x→2 2
−2 (x − 2) x + x x + 6 + 3 3
x+6
r
√
ad

(x2 + 2x + 3) 3 + 2x + 5
= lim √ √ 2
x→2 2
−2 x + x x + 6 + 3 3
x+6
√
fB

(4 + 4 + 3) 3 + 9
= √ √ 2
−2 4 + 2 8 + 3 8
3
Po
11 × 6
=
−2 × 12
donc : √
x− 3 x+6 −11
lim √ =
x→2 3 − 2x + 5 4
4
√
3
x+7−2
x→1 4
x−1
On a:
√ √ √ 2 √ √
3 √ 2 √
2
3
x+7−2
3
x+7−2 3
x+7 +2 x+7+2 3 4
x + x + x+1
4 4
lim 4√ = lim √ √
3 √ 2 √ √ 2 √
x−1

x→1 x→1 2
( x − 1)
4 4
x + x + x+1
4 4 3 3
x+7 +2 x+7+2
√ √ 3 √ 2 √
a
3
3
3
x+7 −2 4
x + x + x+1
4 4
h
= lim √ 4 √ 2 √
x→1 4
4
x −1 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4 3
ap
√ √ 2 √
3
(x + 7 − 8) 4
x + x + x+1
4 4
= lim √ 2 √
t
x→1
(x − 1) 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4 3
us
√ √ 2 √
3
(x − 1) 4 x + 4 x + 4 x + 1
= lim √ 2 √
M
x→1
(x − 1) 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4 3
√ 3 √ 2 √
4
x + 4 x + 4 x+1
= lim 3√ 2 √
x→1 x+7 +23 x+7+4
e
= 2
1+1+1+1
an
2 +2×2+4
am
donc : √
3
x+7−2 1
lim √ =
x→1 4
x−1 3
zz
√
-E
3
5−x−1
6 lim √ :
x→4 2 − 3 x + 4
On a:
r
√ √ √ √ √ √
ad

2 2 2
3
5−x−1
3
5−x−1 3
5−x + 5−x+1 2 +2 x+4+ x+4
3 3 3
lim √ = lim √ √ √ 2
√
2 √
x→4 2 − 3 x + 4

x→4
2 − 3 x + 4 22 + 2 3 x + 4 + 3 x + 4 3
5−x + 3 5−x+1
fB
√ 3 √ √ 2
3
5 − x − 13 4 + 2 3 x + 4 + 3 x + 4
= lim √ 3 √ 2 √
x→4 3
2 − 3
x+4 3
5−x + 5−x+1 3
Po
√ √ 2
(5 − x − 1) 4 + 2 x + 4 + 3 3
x+4
= lim √ 2 √
x→4
(8 − (x + 4)) 3
5−x + 5−x+1 3
√ √ 2
(4 − x) 4 + 2 x + 4 +
3 3
x+4
= lim √ 2 √
x→4
(4 − x) 3
5−x + 5−x+1 3
5
donc:
√ √
3
√
3
2
5−x−1
3
4 + 2 x + 4 + x + 4
lim √ = lim 3√ 2 √
x→4 2 − 3 x + 4 x→4 5−x + 3 5−x+1
4 + 2 × 2 + 22
=
1+1+1
a
donc : √
3
5−x−1
h
lim √ =4
x→4 2 − 3 x + 4
ap
t
√ √
7 Calculons lim x − 3
x− x:
us
x→+∞
On a :
√ √
M
√ √
 
3
x x
lim x − 3
x− x = lim x 1 − −
x→+∞ x→+∞ x x
 √ √ 
3
x x
e
= lim x 1 − 3√ 3 − √ 2
x→+∞ ( x) ( x)
an 
1 1 

= lim x 1 − 3√ 2 −√
x→+∞ ( x) x
am
donc : √ √
zz
lim x − 3
x− x = +∞
x→+∞
car :
√ √ 1
-E
lim 3
x = +∞ ; lim x + ∞ et lim =0
x→+∞ x→+∞ X→+∞ X
r
ad
√ √
3
x+6− x+2
8 Calculons lim :
x→2 x−2
fB
On a :
√ √ √ √
3
x+6− x+2 3
x + 6 − x + 2−2 + 2
lim = lim
x→2 x−2 x→2
√ x − 2√
Po
3
x+6−2− x+2+2
= lim
x→2
√
x − 2 √
3
x+6−2 − x+2−2
= lim
x→2
 √
x−
2 √ 
3
x+6−2 x+2−2
= lim  − 
x→2 x−2 x−2
6
donc :
 √ √ √ √
√ √

2 2 
3
x+6− x+2
3
x+6−2 3
x+6 +2 x+6+23
x+2−2 
lim = lim  −

√ 2 √ 
x→2 x−2 x→2

(x − 2) 3
x + 6 + 2 x + 6 + 22
3 x−2 
√
3
 
3
3
x+6 −2 (x + 2 − 4)
= lim  − √
 
√ 2 √ 
(x − 2)( x + 2 + 2)
a
x→2
 
(x − 2) 3
x+6 +2 x+6+43
h
 
x−2 (x − 2)
= lim  − √
 
ap
√ 2 √ 
x→2 (x − 2)( x + 2 + 2)
 
(x − 2) ( 3
x+6 +2 3
x+6+4
 
1 1
t
= lim  − √
 
 3√ √ 
us

2
x→2 ( x + 2 + 2)
3

x+6 +2 x+6+4
1 1
= −
M
4+4+4 2+2
donc : √ √
3
x + 6 − x + 2 −1
e
lim =
x→2 x−2 6
an
am
√
3
9 Calculons lim x3 + x2 + 1 − 2x :
x→+∞
On a :
zz
√
v
1 1
u !
3 u
lim x3 + x2 + 1 − 2x = lim 3t 3
1 + + 3 − 2x
x
x→+∞ x→+∞ x x
-E
v
1 1
u
u
= lim x 3t1 + + 3 − 2x
x→+∞ x x
r
 v 
1 1
u
u
3t
ad
= lim x 
 1 + + 3 − 2 
x→+∞ x x
donc :
fB
√
3
lim x3 + x2 + 1 − 2x = −∞
x→+∞
car :
1 1
Po
lim x = +∞ ; lim= 0 et lim =0

x→+∞ x→+∞ x x→+∞ x3
7
√
3
10 Calculons lim x3 + x2 + 1 − x :
x→+∞
On a :
√ 3
√

3 x3 + x2 + 1 − x3
3
lim x3 + x2 + 1 − x = lim √ 2 √
x→+∞ x→+∞ 3
x3 + x2 + 1 + x 3 x3 + x2 + 1 + x2
x3 + x2 + 1 − x3
= lim √ √
a
x→+∞ 3 2
x3 + x2 + 1 + x 3 x3 + x2 + 1 + x2
h
x2 + 1
= lim √ 2 √
ap
x→+∞ 3
x3 + x2 + 1 + x 3 x3 + x2 + 1 + x2
x2 + 1
= lim !2
x→+∞
 v v
1 1  1 1
t
u u !
 3tx3 + x x 1 + + 3 + x2
3t 3
u u
1+ + 3
us
x x x x
x2 + 1
= lim
M
 s 2
x→+∞
s
1 1 1 1
x2  3 1 + + 3  + x2 3 1 + + 3 + x2
x x x x
1
!
x2 1 + 2
e
= lim x
x→+∞
 s
an 1 1
2 s
1 1

x2  3
 1 + + 3  + 3 1 + + 3 + 1 
x x x x
am
1
!
1+ 2
= lim  s x
2 
x→+∞ s
 3 1 1 1 1
1 + + 3  + 3 1 + + 3 + 1
zz
 
x x x x
-E
donc :
√ 1
r
3
lim x3 + x2 + 1 − x =
3
ad
x→+∞
fB
Po
8
√ √
x− 3 x
11 Calculons lim √ √ :
x→+∞ x+ 6 x
On a :
√ 

√ x 3
√ √ x 1 − √ 
x− 3 x x
lim √ √ = lim  √ 
x→+∞ x+ 6 x x→+∞ √ 6
x
x 1 + √ 
a
x
h
1
x3
1− 1
ap
= lim x2
1
x→+∞ x6
1+ 1
x2
t
1
us
1 − 1−1
= lim x2 3
x→+∞ 1
1 + 1−1
M
x2 6
1
1− 1
= lim x6
e
x→+∞ 1
1+ 1
an x3
am
donc : √ √
x− 3 x
lim √ √ =1
x→+∞ x+ 6 x
car :
zz
1 1 1
lim x 6 = +∞ ; lim x 3 = +∞ et lim=0
x→+∞ x→+∞ X→+∞ X
-E
√ √
r
3 3
2x3 − x − x3 + 2x
12 Calculons lim :
ad
x→+∞ x
On a :
v v
1 2
u u ! !
fB
√ √ − 3t 3
− tx3 1 +
u u
3 3 2 x 3
2x3 − x − x3 + 2x x2 x2
lim = lim
x→+∞ x x→+∞
v x v
1 2
u ! u !
Po
2− 2 −x
u u
x 3t 3t
1+ 2
x x
= lim
x→+∞
 v
x v
!
1 2
u ! u
x  3t 2 − 2 − 3t 1 + 2 
u u
x x
= lim
x→+∞ x
9
donc :
√
3
√
3
 v v !
2x3 − x − x3 + 2x 1 2
u ! u
u u
lim = lim  3t 2− 2 − 3t
1+ 2 
x→+∞ x x→+∞ x x
donc : √ √
a
3
2x3 − x − 3
x3 + 2x √
3
lim = 2−1
h
x→+∞ x
ap
x3 − 27
t
13 Calculons lim 3√ √ :
x→3 x− 3 3
us
On a :
x3 − 27 x 3 − 33
M
lim √ √ = lim 3√ √
x→3 3 x − 3 3 x→3 x− 3 3
2
√ 3√
√ √ 2
3 2
(x − 3) (x + 3x + 9) x + x 3+ 3 3 3
e
= lim √ √ 3√ 2
√ 3√ √ 2
x→3 3 3
3
x− 3 x + x 3+ 3
3
an √ √ 3√ √ 2
2 2 3
(x − 3) (x + 3x + 9) 3
x + x 3+ 3
3
= lim √ 3 √ 3
am
x→3 3
x − 3 3
2
√
2 √ 3√ √ 2
3
(x − 3) (x + 3x + 9) 3
x + x 3+ 3
3
= lim
x→3 x−3
zz

2
√ 2
3
√ 3√
3
√ 2
3
= lim x + 3x + 9 x + x 3+ 3
x→3
3√ √ √
-E
3 3
= (9 + 9 + 9) 9+ 9+ 9
donc :
r
x3 − 27 √
ad
3
lim 3√ √ = 81 9
x→3 x− 3 3
fB
√
3
8x3 + 5
14 Calculons lim √
3
:
x→+∞ x3 + 2
Po
On a :
v
5
u !
√ 3t 3
u
3 x 8+ 3
8x3 + 5 x
lim 3
√ = lim v
x→+∞ x3 + 2 x→+∞ 2
u !
3t 3
u
x 1+ 3
x
10
donc :
√ √
3
s
5
3 3
8x + 5 x3 3
8+
lim √ = lim √ s x3
x→+∞ 3
x3 + 2 x→+∞ 3 2
x3 3
1+ 3
s
x
3
5
8+ 3
a
= lim s x
x→+∞ 3 2
h
1+ 3
√ x
ap
3
8+0
= 3√
1+0
√
t
3
23
=
us
1
donc : √
M
3
8x3 + 5
lim √
3
=2
x→+∞ x3 + 2
e
sin x
an
15 Calculons x→π
lim :
x−π
Posons t = x − π d’où: x = t + π et x → π =⇒ t → 0
am
donc:
sin x sin(t + π)
lim = lim
zz
x→π x − π t→0 t
− sin(t)
= lim
-E
t→0 t
r
donc :
ad
sin x
lim
x→π
= −1
x−π
fB
√
16 Calculons lim x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x − 1 :
x→−∞
Po
On a :
√
v 
4 3
u !
u
lim x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x − 1 = lim tx2 1 + + 2 + 2x − 1
x→−∞ x→−∞ x x
 
√
v
4 3
u
u
= lim 
 x2 × 1 + + 2 + 2x − 1
t

x→−∞ x x
11
donc :
 v 
√
4 3
u
u
lim x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x − 1 = lim −x

× 1+t
+ 2 + 2x − 1

x→−∞ x→−∞ x x
 v 
4 3 1
u
u
− 1 +
= lim x  + 2 +2− 
t

x→−∞ x x x
h a
donc :
ap
√
lim x2 + 4x + 3 + 2x − 1 = −∞
x→−∞
t
us
√
3

17 Calculons lim x3 + 8 − x :
x→+∞
M
On a :
√
3
√
3
2 √
3 2

√
3
+8−x x3 +8 + +8×x+x x3 x3
lim x3 + 8 − x = lim √ √
e
2
x→+∞ x→+∞ 3
x3 + 8 + 3 x3 + 8 × x + x2
an
√ 3
3
x3 + 8 − x3
= lim 3√ 2 √
x→+∞
x3 + 8 + 3 x3 + 8 × x + x2
am
x3 + 8 − x3
= lim √ 2 √
x→+∞ 3 3 3 3 2
x +8 + x +8×x+x
zz
8
= lim 3√ 2 √
x→+∞ 3 3 3 2
x +8 + x +8×x+x
-E
donc : √
r
3
lim x3 + 8 − x = 0
x→+∞
ad
√
fB
3
x+6−2
18 Calculons lim :
x→2 x2 − 2x
On a :
Po
√ √ √ 2 √ 2

3
x+6−2
3
x+6−2 +2× x+6+2 3
x+6 3
lim = lim √ 2 √

x→2 x2 − 2x x→2
x(x − 2) 3
x+6 +2× x+6+23 2
√ 3
3
x + 6 − 23
= lim √ 2 √
x→2
x(x − 2) 3 x + 6 + 2 × 3 x + 6 + 4
12
donc :
√
3
x+6−2 x+6−8
lim = lim √ 2 √
x→2 x2 − 2x x→2
x(x − 2) 3
x+6 +2× x+6+4
3
x−2
= lim √ 2 √
x→2
x(x − 2) 3
x+6 +2× x+6+4
3
a
1
= lim √ √
h
2
x→2
x 3
x+6 +2× x+6+4 3
ap
1
=
2 (4 + 4 + 4)
t
donc : √
us
3
x+6−2 1
lim =
x→2 x2 − 2x 24
M
√
3
√
4
x3 + x + 1 − x4 + 1
e
19 Calculons lim :
x→+∞ 2x
On a :
an
v v
1 1 1
u u ! !
√ √ 3t 3
− tx4 1 +
u u
1 + x+ 4
am
3 4
x3 + x + 1 − x4 + 1 x2 x3 x4
lim = lim
x→+∞ 2x x→+∞
s 2x s
3
1 1 4
1
x× 1+ 2 + 3 −x× 1+ 4
zz
= lim x x x
x→+∞
 s 2x s 
-E
1 1 1
x  3 1 + 2 + 3 − 4 1 + 4
x x x
= lim
x→+∞ 2x s
r
 s 
1 1 1
ad
3 4
 1+ + − 1 + 4
x2 x3 x
= lim
√ 2
x→+∞
√
fB
3
1+0+0− 1+0 4
=
2
donc : √ √
Po
3 4
x3 + x + 1 − x4 + 1
lim =0
x→+∞ 2x
13
√
3

20 Calculons lim x − 5x2 + x + 1 :
x→+∞
On a :
√
 v !

3
u
u 5 1 1
lim x− 5x2 + x + 1 = lim x − 3t 3
x + 2+ 3 
x→+∞ x→+∞ x x x
 v 
3t 5 1 1
u
u
= lim x

−x× + 2 + 3
a

x→+∞ x x x
h
 v 
3t 5 1 1
u
u
1 −
= lim x  + + 3
ap
2

x→+∞ x x x
donc : √
t

3
lim x− 5x2 + x + 1 = +∞
us
x→+∞
M
x3 − 3x2 + 4
21 Calculons lim 2 :
x→2 5x − 7x − 6
On a :
e
x3 − 3x2 + 4 x−2
− 3 2 2
an
x − 2x x − x − 2
− x2 + 4
−
am
−x2 + 2x
− 2x + 4
−
−2x + 4
zz
0
donc :
-E
x3 − 3x2 + 4 = (x − 2)(x2 − x − 2)
on a :
5x2 − 7x − 6 x − 2
r
−
ad
5x2 − 10x 5x + 3
3x − 6
−
3x − 6
fB
0
donc :
5x2 − 7x − 6 = (x − 2)(5x + 3)
Po
donc :
x3 − 3x2 + 4 (x − 2)(x2 − x − 2)
lim = lim
x→2 5x2 − 7x − 6 x→2 (x − 2)(5x + 3)
(x2 − x − 2)
= lim
x→2 (5x + 3)
14
donc :
x3 − 3x2 + 4 4−2−2
lim =
x→2 5x2 − 7x − 6 5×2+3
donc :
x3 − 3x2 + 4
lim =0
x→2 5x2 − 7x − 6
h a
v 
3
x
u
ap
u
22 Calculons lim 
t
− x
 :
x→+∞ x+2
On a :
t
v  v 
x3 t x
3
us
u u
u  u
v  
t
− x  + x

u
u x3 x+2 x+2
lim t
− x
 = lim v 
M

x→+∞ x+2 x→+∞ u
u x3

t
+ x

x+2
x3
e
− x2
x+2
an
= lim v
x→+∞ uu x 3

t
 + x
x+2
am
x3 − x2 (x + 2)
= lim  x+2 
x→+∞
zz
v
x3
u 
u 
2 + x
u
u ! 
u 
t x 1+
-E

x
x − x3 − 2x2
3
= lim
r
 
x→+∞ v
ad
x2
u 
u 
(x + 2) 
u
u
u
2 + x


t 1+ 
x
fB
−2x2
= lim  
x→+∞ v
2  1
! u 
x 1+ × 2 +

x x

Po
u
u
x 
 u 
1+
t 
x
15
donc :
v 
3
x −2x2
u
u
lim t
 − x
 = lim  
x→+∞ x+2 x→+∞
! v
2  u 1 
x2 1+ 2 + 1
u 
u
x t
u 
1+

x
a
−2
= lim  
h
x→+∞
! v
2  u 1 
1+ 2 + 1
u 
ap
u
x u
 
1+
t 
x
−2
t
= v 
us
u
u 1
(1 + 0) t
 + 1
1+0
M
donc : v 
x3
u
u
lim t
 − x
 = −1
x→+∞ x+2
e
an
 
1 1 
am
23 Calculons lim x2  √ − √ :
x→+∞ x x+1
On a :
  
1 1  1 1 
zz
  √ − √ √ +√
1 1  x x+1 x x+1
lim x2  √ − √ = lim x2 ×  
1 1 
-E
x→+∞ x x+1 x→+∞

√ + √
x x+1
1 1
!
r
−
= lim x2 ×  x x + 1 
ad
x→+∞ 1
√ + √
1 
x x+1
fB
(x + 1 − x)
= lim x2 ×  
x→+∞ 1 1
x (x + 1)  √ + √ 
x x+1
Po
1
= lim x2 × ! 
x→+∞ 1 1
√ + √
1
x2 1 + 
x x x+1
1
= lim ! 
x→+∞ 1  1 1 
1+ √ +√
x x x+1
16
donc :  
1 1 
lim x2  √ − √ = +∞
x→+∞ x x+1
car :  
1 1 1 
lim = 0+ et lim  √ + √ = 0+
x→+∞ x x→+∞ x x+1
h a
x2
ap
24 Calculons lim q :
x→+∞ 3
(8x3 + x2 )2
On a :
t
x2 x2
us
lim q = lim v
(8x3 + x2 )2
x→+∞ 3 x→+∞ u !!2
u
3t 1
x3 8 +
x
M
x2
= lim v !2
x→+∞ u 1
(x3 )2
u
3t
8+
e
an x
2
x
= lim v !2
x→+∞ q u
1
(x3 )2
3
u
3t
× 8+
am
x
x2
= lim v !2
x→+∞ u
u 1
3t
x2 × 8+
zz
x
1
= lim
-E
v !2
x→+∞ uu 1
3t
8+
x
1
r
= 3√ 2
ad
8
1
= 3q
(23 )2
fB
1
= 3√ 6
2
1
Po
= 2
2
donc :
x2 1
lim q =
x→+∞ 3
(8x3 + x2 )2 4
17
√
3

25 Calculons lim 64x3 + x2 − 4x :
x→+∞
On a :
√ 3
√ 64x3 + x2 − (4x)3

3
3 3 2
lim 64x + x − 4x = lim √ 2 √ 2

x→+∞ x→+∞ 3 3 2 3 3 2
64x + x + 4x 64x + x + (4x)
64x3 + x2 − 64x3
a
= lim √ 2 √ 2

x→+∞ 3 3 2 3 3 2
64x + x + 4x 64x + x + (4x)
h
x2
ap
= lim  v 
x→+∞
v
1 1
u !2 u !
 tx3
3t 3
 3u
+ 16x2 
u
64 + + 4x x 64 + 
x x
t
x2
us
= lim  v 
x→+∞
v
1 1
u !2 u !
2  3u u
x t 64 + +4 3t
64 + + 16
M

x x
1
= lim  v 
x→+∞
v
1 1
u !2 u !
e
 3u u
 t 64 + +4 3t
64 + + 16

x x
1
an
= 3√ √
642 + 4 3 64 + 16
am
1
= 3√ 12 √
3
2 + 4 26 + 16
1
= 4
zz
2 + 4 × 22 + 16
donc :
-E
√
3

1
lim 64x3 + x2 − 4x =
x→+∞ 48
r
ad
√
26 Calculons lim 4x2 + x + 1 + 2x − 3 :
x→−∞
fB
On a :
 √ √
√

4x2 + x + 1 + 2x 4x2 + x + 1 − 2x
lim 4x2 + x + 1 + 2x − 3 = lim  √ − 3
x→−∞ x→−∞ 4x2 + x + 1 − 2x
Po
√
2

4x2 + x + 1 − (2x)2
= lim √ − 3
 

x→−∞ 2
4x + x + 1 − 2x
18
donc :
√
4x2 + x + 1 − 4x2
 

lim 4x2 + x + 1 + 2x − 3 = lim  √ 2 − 3
x→−∞ x→−∞ 4x + x + 1 − 2x
 
x + 1
= lim  √ 2 − 3
x→−∞ 4x + x + 1 − 2x
 
a
 
x+1
h
 
= lim   − 3
 
 v
x→−∞  u 1 1
! 
ap

tx2
 u
4 + + 2 − 2x 
x x
 
1
!
t

x 1+ 
x
 
us
= lim   − 3
 
 v
x→−∞  1 1
u ! 

−xt 4 + + 2 − 2x
 u 
x x
M
 
1
!

x 1+ 
x
 
= lim   − 3
 
 v
e
x→−∞  1 1
 u ! 

x −t 4 + + 2 − 2
 u 
an 
x x
 
1
!

1+ 
x
am
 
= lim   − 3
 
 v
x→−∞  1 1
u ! 

−t
 u
4 + + 2 − 2 
x x
1+0
zz
= √ −3
− 4+0+0−2
-E
donc : √
−13
lim 4x2 + x + 1 + 2x − 3 =
x→−∞ 4
r
ad
sin x − tan x
27 Calculons lim :
fB
x→0 x3
On a :
tan x
!
sin x 1 −
Po
sin x − tan x sin x

lim 3
= lim 3
x→0 x x→0 x
1
!
sin x 1 −
= lim cos x
x→0 x 3
sin x (cos x − 1)
= lim
x→0 x3 cos x
19
donc :
sin x − tan x sin x (1 − cos x) 1
lim = lim − × ×
x→0 x3 x→0 x x2 cos x
1 1
= −1 × ×
2 cos 0
donc :
a
sin x − tan x −1
lim =
x3
h
x→0 2
ap
√
3
√
7x2 − x + x2 − 3x − 4
t
28 Calculons lim :
x→−1 x2 − 1
us
On a :
√
3
√ √
3
√
7x2 − x + x2 − 3x − 4 7x2 − x − 2 + x2 − 3x − 2
M
lim = lim
x→−1 x2 − 1 x→−1 x2 − 1
√ 3 √ 2
3
7x2 − x − 23 x2 − 3x − 22
√ √ + √ 2
2 − x2 + 2 3 7x2 − x + 22
e
3
7x x − 3x + 2
= lim
x→−1
an (x − 1) (x + 1)
2
7x − x − 8 x2 − 3x − 4
√ √ +√ 2
2 − x2 + 2 3 7x2 − x + 4 x − 3x + 2
am
3
= lim 7x
x→−1 (x − 1) (x + 1)
8
!
7 (x + 1) x − (x + 1)(x − 4)
7
zz
√ 2 √ + √
3
7x 2 − x + 2 3 7x2 − x + 4 x2 − 3x + 2
= lim
(x − 1) (x + 1)
-E
x→−1
8
!
7 x− (x − 4)
7 + √
r
√ 2 √
3
7x2 − x + 2 3 7x2 − x + 4 x2 − 3x + 2
ad
= lim
x→−1 (x − 1)
−15 −5
+
fB
= 4+4+4 4
−2
donc : √ √
Po
3
7x2 − x + x2 − 3x − 4 5
lim =
x→−1 x2 − 1 4
√
x+7−2
3
x→1 x+3−2
20
On a :
√ √ √ 2 √ √
2
3
x+7−2
3
x + 7 − 2 3
x + 7 + 2 3
x + 7 + 2 x + 3 + 2
lim √ = lim √ √ √ 2 √
x→1 x+3−2 x→1
x+3−2 x+3+2 3
x+7 +2 x+7+2 3 2
√ √
3
3
x + 7 − 23 x+3+2
= lim √ 2
√
2 √
x→1
x + 3 − 22 3
x+7 +23 x+7+4
a
√
h

(x + 7 − 8) x + 3 + 2
= lim √
2 √
ap
x→1
(x + 3 − 4) 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4 3
√
(x − 1) x + 3 + 2
= lim √ √
t

x→1 2
(x − 1) 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4 3
us
√
x+3+2
= lim √ 2 √
M
x→1 3 3
x+7 +2 x+7+4
2+2
=
4+4+4
e
donc : √
3
x+7−2 1
an
lim √ =
x→1 x+3−2 3
am
v
x3 + 5x2 − 7
u
u
4t
30 Calculons lim :
zz
x→−∞ 16x3 − 3x + 1
On a :
-E
v
5 7
u !
u x3 1+ − 3
v u
x3 + 5x2 − 7
u
x x !
u u
4t 4u
lim = lim u 3 1
16x3 − 3x + 1
r
x→−∞ x→−∞ ut 3
x 16 − 2 + 3
ad
v
x x
5 7
u !
1+ − 3
u
u
x x !
u
lim 4u
fB
=
u
x→−∞ u 3 1
t
16 − 2 + 3
v
x x
(1 + 0 − 0)
u
u
Po
4u
= t
(16 − 0 + 0)
v
1
u
u
4t
=
24
donc : v
x3 + 5x2 − 7 1
u
u
4t
lim =
x→−∞ 16x3 − 3x + 1 2
21
√
3
x4 + x2 + 2
31 Calculons lim :
x→−∞ x+2
On a :
v
1 1
u !
√
a
3t 4
u
3 x 1+ 2 +
x4 + x2 + 2 x x4
h
lim = lim 2
!
x→−∞ x+2 x→−∞
x 1+
ap
v
x
1 1
u !
3t 4
u
x 1+ 2 +
x x4
t
= lim 2
!
us
x→−∞
x 1+
x
√
v
1 1
u !
M
3
x4 × 3t 1 +
u
+
x2 x4
= lim 2
!
x→−∞
x 1+
x
e
v
1 1
an
3
q
4
u
(−x) × 3t 1 + 2 + 4
u
!
x x
= lim 2
!
x→−∞ q
− 3 (−x)3 1 +
am
v
x
1 1
u !
u
3t
1+ 2 + 4
q x x
zz
= lim − (−x) ×
3
2
!
x→−∞
1+
x
-E
donc : √
3
x4 + x2 + 2
lim = −∞
r
x→−∞ x+2
ad
fB
1 − cos(2x)
32 Calculons lim 3√ 2 :
x→0 x +1−1
On a :
√ √
Po
2
3 3
1 − cos(2x) (1 − cos(2x)) +1 + x2 +1+1 x2
lim 3√ 2 = lim 3√ √ 2 √
x→0 x +1−1 x→0 2
x +1−1 3 2 3
x +1 + x +1+1 2
√ 2 √
3 2 3 2
(1 − cos(2x)) x +1 + x +1+1
= lim √ 3
x→0 3
x 2 + 1 − 13
22
donc :
√
3
2 √
3

1 − cos(2x) (1 − cos(2x)) +1 + x2
+1+1 x2
lim 3√ 2 = lim
x→0 x + 1 − 1 x→0 x2 + 1 − 1
√ 2 √
(1 − cos(2x)) 3 x2 + 1 + 3 x2 + 1 + 1
= lim
x→0 x2
a
√ √
(1 − cos(2x)) 2 !
3 2 3 2
= lim × x +1 + x +1+1
h
x→0 x2
√ √
(1 − cos(2x)) 2 !
ap
3 2 3 2
= lim 4 × × x +1 + x +1+1
x→0 (2x)2
1
= 4 × × (1 + 1 + 1)
t
2
us
donc :
1 − cos(2x)
lim 3√ 2 =6
M
x→0 x +1−1
e
√
3
an
33 Calculons lim x3 + 5x2 + 3 − 2x + 1 :
x→+∞
On a :
am
√
 v 
5 3
u !
3 u
lim x3 + 5x2 + 3 − 2x + 1 = lim  tx3
3
1 + + 3 − 2x + 1
x→+∞ x→+∞ x x
 
√
v
5 3
u
 3
zz
u
3t
= lim  x3 × 1+ + 3 − 2x + 1

x→+∞ x x
 v 
-E
5 3
u
u
3t
= lim x

× 1 + + 3 − 2x + 1

x→+∞ x x
r
  v  
5 3
u
u
 3t
= lim x × 1 + + 3 − 2
 + 1
ad
 

x→+∞ x x
fB
donc : √
3
lim x3 + 5x2 + 3 − 2x + 1 = −∞
x→+∞
Po
23
√
4x + 7 − 3
3
34 Calculons lim √ 2 :
x→5 2x − 1 − 7
On a :
√ √ √ √
√ 2 2 2

3
4x + 7 − 3
3
4x + 7 − 3 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 3 2x − 1 + 7
lim √ 2 = lim √ √ √ 2 √
x→5 2x − 1 − 7 x→5 2
2x − 1 − 7 2
2x − 1 + 7 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 3 2
√ √
a
3
3
4x + 7 − 33 2x2 − 1 + 7
= lim √
h
√ √
2

x→5 2 2 2
2x − 1 − 7 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 9
ap
√
(4x + 7 − 27) 2x2 − 1 + 7
= lim √
2 √
x→5 2
(2x − 1 − 49) 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 9
t
√
us

(4x − 20) 2x2 − 1 + 7
= lim √
2 √
x→5
(2x2 − 50) 3 4x + 7 + 3 3 4x + 7 + 9
M
√
4 (x − 5) 2x2 − 1 + 7
= lim √
2 √
x→5 2
2 (x − 25) 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 9
√
e

4 (x − 5) 2x2 − 1 + 7
= lim
x→5
√
an 2 √
2 (x − 5) (x + 5) 3 3
4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 9
√
4 2x2 − 1 + 7
am
= lim √
2 √
x→5 3 3
2 (x + 5) 4x + 7 + 3 4x + 7 + 9
4 × (7 + 7)
=
zz
2(5 + 5)(9 + 9 + 9)
donc : √
-E
3
4x + 7 − 3 14
lim √ 2 =
x→5 2x − 1 − 7 135
r
ad
2x + 3
35 Calculons lim √
3
:
fB
x→+∞ x2 + 4 + 5
On a :
3
!
2x + 3 x 2+
x
Po
lim √
3
= lim v
x→+∞ x2 + 4 + 5 x→+∞ 4
u !
3t 2
u
x 1+ 2 +5
x
3
!
x 2+
= lim x
√
v
x→+∞ 4
u !
3 2
x ×
u
3t
1+ 2 +5
x
24
donc :
√
3 3
!
x 3 2+
2x + 3 x
lim √ = lim
x + 4 + 5 x→+∞ 3√ 2  3u
 v 
x→+∞ 3 2 4 5
u !
x × t 1 + 2 + 3√ 2 
x x
√ 3
!
3
x 2+
a
= lim  v x
h

x→+∞ 4 5
u !
+ 3√ 2 
u
 3t 1 +
ap
x2 x
donc :
2x + 3
t
lim √
3
= +∞
x→+∞ x2 + 4 + 5
us
M
4x − 1
x→−∞ x2 + 3x + 5 + 2x
On a :
e
an x 4 −
1
!
4x − 1 x
lim √ 2 = lim v
x→−∞ x + 3x + 5 + 2x x→−∞ 3 5
u !
am
tx2 1 +
u
+ + 2x
x x2
1
!
x 4−
x
zz
= lim
x→−∞ √
v
3 5
u !
x2 × t 1 + + 2 + 2x
u
x x
-E
1
!
x 4−
= lim x
r
v
x→−∞ 3 5
u !
−x ×
u
ad
t 1 + + 2 + 2x
x x
1
!
x 4−
fB
= lim  v x 
x→−∞ 3 5
u !
x −t 1 + + 2 + 2
u
x x
Po
1
!
4−
= lim  u v
x 
x→−∞ 3 5
!
−t 1 +
u
+ + 2
x x2
4−0
=
−1 + 2
25
donc :
4x − 1
lim √ =4
x→−∞ x2 + 3x + 5 + 2x
√ √
3
x+1−
1−x
37 Calculons lim :
a
x→0 x
On a :
h
√ √ √ √
3
x+1− 1−x 3
x+1−1− 1−x+1
ap
lim = lim
x→0 x x→0
√ x √
3
x+1−1− 1−x−1
= lim
t
x→0
 √ x √
us

3
x + 1 − 1 1 − x − 1
= lim  − 
x→0 x x
M

√ 3 3
√ 2 2

3
x+1 −1 1−x −1 
= lim  − √

 3√ 2 √ 
x→0 x 1−x+1
3

x x+1 + x+1+1
e
 
x+1−1 1−x−1 
= lim 


an
√ 2 √ − √ 
x→0 x 1 − x + 1
 3 3

x x+1 + x+1+1
 
am
x −x
= lim  − √
 
√ 2 √ 
x→0 x 1−x+1
 3 3

x x+1 + x+1+1
 
zz
1 1
= lim  + √
 
 3√ 2 √ 
x→0 1−x+1
3

x+1 + x+1+1
-E
1 1
= +
1+1+1 1+1
r
donc : √ √
ad
3
x+1− 1−x 5
lim =
x→0 x 6
fB
√ √
x2 + 3 + 2x + 2 − 4
38 Calculons lim :
Po
x→1 x−1
On a :
√ √ √ √
x2 + 3 + 2x + 2 − 4 x2 + 3 − 2 + 2x + 2 − 2
lim = lim
x→1 x−1 x→1
√
x−1√ 
x 2 + 3 − 2 2x + 2 − 2
= lim  + 
x→1 x−1 x−1
26
donc :
√
√ √ 
√ 2 2 2

x2 + 3 + 2x + 2 − 4 x2 + 3 − 22 2x + 2 − 2
lim = lim  √ + √
 

x→1 x−1 x→1 (x − 1)

x2 + 3 + 2 (x − 1) 2x + 2 + 2

x2 + 3 − 4
 
(2x + 2 − 4)
= lim  √ + √ 
x→1 (x − 1) x2 + 3 + 2 (x − 1) 2x + 2 + 2
a
2
 
x − 1 (2x − 2)
√
h
= lim  + √ 
x→1 (x − 1) 2
x +3+2 (x − 1) 2x + 2 + 2
ap
 
(x − 1)(x + 1) 2(x − 1)
= lim  √ + √ 
x→1 (x − 1) x2 + 3 + 2 (x − 1) 2x + 2 + 2
t
 
(x + 1) 2
us
= lim  √ 2 + √ 
x→1 x +3+2 2x + 2 + 2
2 2
M
= +
2+2 2+2
donc : √ √
x2 + 3 + 2x + 2 − 4
e
lim =1
x−1
x→1
an
am
x
x→−∞ 3
2−x
On a :
zz
x x
lim √ = lim v
x→−∞ 3
2 − x x→−∞ −2
u !
−x
u
3t
+1
-E
x
q
− (−x)3
3
= lim
r
v
x→−∞ √ u −2
u !
ad
3
−x × 3t
+1
x
q
− 3 (−x)2
fB
= lim v
x→−∞ uu −2
!
3t
+1
x
Po
donc :
x
lim √ = −∞
x→−∞ 3
2−x
27
1 − cos(4x)
40 Calculons lim :
x→0 tan x sin 3x
On a :
(1 − cos(4x))
(4x)2 ×
1 − cos(4x) (4x)2
lim = lim tan x sin 3x
x→0 tan x sin 3x x→0
x× × 3x ×
a
x 3x
(1 − cos(4x))
h
16x2 ×
(4x)2
ap
= lim tan x sin 3x
x→0
3x2 × ×
x 3x
(1 − cos(4x))
t
16 ×
us
(4x)2
= lim tan x sin 3x
x→0
3× ×
3x
M
x
1
16 ×
= 2
3×1×1
e
donc :
an
1 − cos(4x) 8
lim =
x→0 tan x sin 3x 3
am
zz
r -E
ad
fB
Po
28

40 Limites Avec Correction

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40 Limites Avec Correction

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Exercice :

10 lim + sin x − tan x

lim x = +∞ ; lim= 0 et lim =0

x→+∞ x x+1 x→+∞

sin x − tan x sin x

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