Figure 1.

Sections of the flowers of two different plant species

1. a. (i) Identify the parts of the flowers Q and R, labelled H - M. (3 marks)

H – petal ✅

I - anther✅

J - stigma✅

K - ovary✅

L – filament✅

M - sepal✅

(ii) a) What is the likely pollinating agent of flower R? (1

mark)

Wind✅
b) Based on the information given in the diagram, give TWO reasons for
your
answer. (2 marks)

The flower has long filaments with anthers that hang outside as well as it has

feathery stigmas which are both characteristics of wind pollinated flowers. ✅

(iii) Give one other characteristic, NOT shown in the diagram, that flower R
might have.

Flower R might be scentless and have no nectary. ✅

(1 mark)

(iv) The seeds from the mature fruit of flower Q are not dispersed by animals or
water, but are found many miles away from the parent plant. Explain how this
can happen.
 This can happen by wind dispersal. The seeds probably have wing like structures

which would allow it to be easily carried by the wind ✅

( 2marks)
b. (i) Most of the pollinators of flower Q were killed by a pesticide used on the
farm where Q was grown. What would be the long term effects of this? (2
marks)

Fertilization occurs only after pollination. If most of the pollinators of flower Q were killed
then the flowers would not get pollinated and as a result, no fertilization of the flower will
take place. As such fruits, as well as seeds, will not form. The flower population will then
die without forming any seeds.
1 mark

(ii) What is the long term effect of asexual reproduction for a species? (2
marks)
There is no genetic variation of the species and as such they wouldn’t be able to

adapt to changing environments which would lead to extinction. ✅

(iii) How is asexual reproduction SIMILAR to self-pollination? (1

mark)
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is
produced by a single parent. Self-pollination is the process by which a flower is
pollinated by another flower from the same plant. This means, they only need one
parent plant. The two processes are similar as they both produce without the input

of another plant. ✅

Total 14 marks

Grade: 13/14
(a) (i) Name the parts of Flowers 1 and 2, labelled I to V, in Figure 4 above.(5 marks)
I-stigma
II-anther
III-filament
IV-style
V-ovary

(ii) The flower structures labelled in Figure 4 are sometimes referred to as

essential structures.
Suggest ONE reason for the use of the term ‘essential’ to describe the labelled
structures.
The labelled structures may be referred to as ‘essential’ because they each play a
major role in ultimately producing a fruit from the plant (from pollination,
germination and fertilization)
(2 marks)

(b) (i) Identify the pollinating agent for EACH flower in Figure 4. (2 marks)
Flower 1- insects
Flower 2- wind

(ii) Identify TWO characteristics of EACH flower that are useful in pollination.

Characteristics in Flower 1
Large petals
Short stamen with anthers firmly attached inside the flower
 Characteristics in Flower 2
Long filaments with anthers that hang outside the flower
Stigma is large and feathery

(c) In the space provided below, draw in outline TWO simple diagrams to
represent the shape of the fruit EACH flower is likely to produce.

3. (a) Figure 7 below shows the longitudinal section of a tomato fruit.

Pericarp
Cuticle
Septa
Seeds

Columella
Locular Gel

Placenta

(i) Complete Figure 7 by labelling the SIX parts of the fruit. (6 marks)

(ii) The seeds of the fruit shown in Figure 7 are dispersed by animals. Identify TWO
ways in which these seeds are adapted for this process. (2 marks)

The seeds are surrounded by fruit pulp that looks and smells attractive to animals and

(b) Figure 8 shows the green and dry stages of a legume.

(i) What type of dispersal is shown by the fruit illustrated in Figure 8? (1 mark)
Mechanical dispersal
(ii) Give TWO reasons why the plant parts illustrated in Figure 7 and 8 are classified by
biologists as fruits. (4 marks)
They contain seeds as well as they develop from flowers.

© Suggest ONE similarity and TWO differences in the ways in which the ovary in
humans and in plants function.

Similarity: They both produce and store eggs (stored in ovules in the ovary) needed for
fertilization in sexual reproduction.

Differences: The eggs produced by plant ovaries can be fertilized by sexual and asexual
reproduction while eggs produced by human ovaries can only be fertilized sexual
reproduction.
The eggs produced by plant ovaries develop into seeds found in fruits while eggs produced
by human ovaries develop into offspring/babies.

(3 marks)
Total 16
marks