CIVIL ENGINEERING India's Best Institute for IES, GATE & PSUs Geotechnical Engineering ao , Subject Average last yrs) aes . — Reasoning Aptitude and English 15.00% English Soil Mechanics 14.00% ‘500% f se! Engineering Mathematis 12.50% OM.PERT.CPM 320%, sneering Soe Environmental Engineeing 050% Transportation Engineering 90% Sica Fluid Mechanics + OcF 750% _ sedis Strength of Materials 60% Ax Surveying Engineering 60% Renfored Cement Concrete 440% Sumeyng Bean Structural Analysis 430% Bulding Materials=PERT-CPM+Mechanis 4.00% sow 50% Steel stuctues 320% on Engineering Hiyerology 290% Fmsock ack 388 Inigstion Engineering 140% ee Total 100% eb0x Enge 1osoxImportant Questions famaoe Easy for (INISELYF) | CE Crocroibantel aw ets a ters Peas wien the soil profile as shown below, if the water table gradually drops to elevation (ED = -6 m, then the settlement is ows Yon 719.43 KN/m? ot 1a WAN) ieee o2em"/kg 120 cm*/min 19SLKN/ chy H=-16m sand a Rock (a) 5.80 em (b) 4.20 em (©) 2.40 em (4) 6.10 em B The soil at an 18° infinite slope is subjected to full depth seepage. The soil properties are as follows You = 17 KN/m? c= 10kN/m? gee The critical height of this slope, measured vertically, is “ase ‘A foundation in a loose sand is 4 m wide, 6 m long and 1.5 m deep. The soil unit weight is 16 kN/m® and has an effective angle of internal friction is 22.6°. The safe bearing capacity of soil, adopting a factor of safety of 2, is KN/m?. [For 6 = 22.6°, N, = 21.55, N, = 10.16 and N, = 7.44] Q.54 The flow net constructed for the dam is shown in the figure below. The exit gradient is Impervious Strata /aags Compacted cylindrical specimen 50 mm diameter and 100 mm long is to be prepared from dry soil If the specimen is required to have a water content of 15% and the percentage of air era Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 2 Copyright:Manceasy Page 7 oT cDImportant Questions famaoe Easy for (INIAPL-Y¥) | CE voids is 20%, calculate the weight of water required (in grams) for the preparation of the soil whose specific gravity is 2.69. (a) 60.8 (b) 96.4 (©) 45.2 (d) None of these a3 In a falling head permeability test, head causing flow was initially 75 cm and it drops 12 cm in 8 minutes, then the time (in minute) required for the head to fall to 30 cm is (a) 36 (b) 42 (9 48 (d) None of these 157 An unsupported excavation is made to the maximum possible depth in a pure clay soil having bulk density of 20 KN/m? and cohesion of 80 KN/m?, The active earth pressure at base level of excavation is KN/n, Q2g8 Water is flowing at a rate of 0.08 cm*/sec in upward direction through a fine sand sample whose coefficient of permeability is 0.004 cm/sec. The sample thickness is 16 cm and cross- sectional area is 64 cm?. If the saturated unit weight of sand is 20.8 kN/m®, then the effective pressure at the bottom section of the sample is, (a) 1.27 KN/m? (b) 1.81 KN/m? (©) 2.24 KN/m? (4) 2.81 KN/m? ‘ae ‘A group of nine piles each 12 m long is used as a foundation for a bridge pier. The piles used are 45 cm in diameter with centre to centre spacing of 1.8 m. The sub-soil consists of clay with unconfined compressive strength of 6 t/m? and overall adhesion factor of 0.85. If the end bearing action is neglected then the efficiency of pile group is %. }160 An unconfined compression test was conducted on an undisturbed sample of clay. The sample has a diameter of 40 mm and was 80 mm long. The load at failure was 32 N and the axial deformation of the sample at failure was 16 mm. The undrained shear strength of clay is (a) 5.09 kN/m? (b) 8.84 kN/m? (©) 10.19 KN/m? (d) 15.62 kN/m? "QY61 In @ laboratory consolidation test, the void ratio of a soil sample reduced from 0185 to 0.73 as the pressure was increased from 1 to 2 kg/cm?, If the coefficient of permeability of the soil is 3.3 « 10 cm/s, then the coefficient of volume change (in cm?/kg) and coefficient of consolidation (in cm/sec) respectively are (a) 0.092 and 5.08 (b) 0.065 and 5.08 (©) 0.092 and 3.12 (A) 0.065 and 3.12 “aqee A 3m thick soil stratum has coefficient of permeability of 3 x 10-7 m/s. A separate test gave porosity 40% and bulk unit weight 21 kN/m? at a moisture content of 31%. The flow (in terms of discharge per unit area) required to maintain the critical condition will be x10 7 m3/sm? [Take y= 10 KN/m?] [63 While calculating water content of a soil sample, observations were made related to Pycnometer test: Weight of pycnometer + wet soil sample = 12 N Weight of pycnometer + wet soil sample + water filling the remaining volume = 20 N worwmadeeasyin Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 copnhannneessy Page? oT cDImportant Questions famaoe Easy for (INIAPL-Y¥) | CE Weight of pycnometer + water = 17 N Water content of the soil sample is % [Take specific gravity of soil solids = 2.65 and weight of empty pycnometer = 7 NJ )-264 The permissible settlement of an isolated foundation on a granular soil is 40 mm. A plate load {test is performed with 300 mm square plate undergoing a settlement of 20 mm under the same load intensity. The ultimate bearing capacity of plate is 22t/m2, The ultimate bearing capacity of foundation will be tym. Gags The sieve analysis and consistency limit tests conducted on a soil sample gave the following results: Fraction passing through 4.75 mm sieve = 82% Fraction passing through 75 jim sieve = 9% Dyg = 0.11 mm. Dyy = 0.45 mm. Dg = 112mm 0 Liquid limit = 22% Plastic limit = 12% The classification of soil as per IS soil classification will be (a) SP-SM (b) SP-SC (©) SW-SM (a) sw-sc ake ‘A consolidated undrained triaxial compression test was performed on a dense saturated sand at a cell pressure of 80 kPa. The ultimate deviator stress was 270 kPa and the pore pressure at peak stress was 50 kPa (negative). The effective angle of internal friction of soil is degree axe A saturated soil sample has a volume of 23 cm? at liquid limit. The shrinkage limit and liquid limit are 18% and 45% respectively. The specific gravity of solids is 2.73. The minimum volume that can be attained by soil is {a) 125 cc (b) 154 ce (0) 187 6c (d) 20cc N68 A retaining wall 10 m high retains a cohesionless soil with an angle of internal friction 30°. The surface of the soil is level with the top of the wall. The unit weight of the top 3 m of the soil is 16 KN/m® while that of the remaining 7 m of the soil is 20 kN/m’, The application of the resultant active thrust (above base) will be at m. 2169 An elevated structure with 10,000 KN weight is supported on a tower with four legs. The legs mn piers are located the corners of a square of 6 m side. The vertical stress increment due to this loading at the centre of the structure 7 m below ground level will be KN/m?, Use Boussinesq’s equation. poe A10 m thick clay layer with single drainage layer undergoes a settlement of 22 mm in 3 years. If the coefficient of consolidation of the layer is 0.2 mm?/s, then 40 mm consolidation will take an additional time of years. [Expressed to nearest integer value] worwmadeeasyin Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 copnshannoeessy Pages oT cDImportant Questions famaoe Easy for (INIAPL-Y¥) | CE P4Z1 The in-situ void ratio of a granular soil deposit is 0.4. The maximum and minimum void ratios of the soil were determined to be 0.85 and 0.30 respectively. G, = 2.67. The ratio of relative density to relative compaction of the deposit is 272 An earth embankment requires 2000 m° of soil for construction at a target dry density of 17 N/m’. Quotations from three different vendors are shown in the table below along with their distances from site. Assume cost of transportation = 10 per km, G= 2,7 and = 10 KN/m?, S.No. | Vendor Name | Void ratio of soil | Rate @/m®) | Distance from site 1 A 06 60 995 km 2 B o7 55 131 km 3. c os 5.0 175 km Which vendor would you choose as the most economic solution? (a) Vendor A (b) Vendor B (©) Vendor © (d) Any of these Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) 4173 While computing the values of limits of consistency and consistency indices, itis found that liquidity index, has a negative value. Consider the following comments on this value: 1. Liquidity index cannot have a negative value and should be taken as zero. 2. Liquidity index can have a negative value. 3, The soil tested is in semisolid state and stiff. 4. The soil tested is in medium soft state. 4 Consider the following. statements: (a) Secondary consolidation results due to prolonged dissipation of excess hydrostatic pressure. (b) Primary consolidation happens under expulsion of both air and water from voids in early stages. (©) Initial consolidation in the case of fully saturated soils is mainly due to compression of solid particles. (A) Primary consolidation happens more quickly in coarse-grained soils than in fine-grained soils. ays ‘A soil mass under seepage has a downward flow of water. Which of the following statements are correct with regard to stresses at any point in the soil mass? {a) Effective stress is decreased by an amount equal to the seepage force (b) Effective stress is increased by an amount equal to the seepage force (©) Total stress will change (d) Total stress will be unaltered worwmadeeasyin Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 copnheannoeersy Pages oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Berean 151. (a) Initial effective vertical stress at mid of clay layer, So = You, sand % 10 * Yous ctay 3 where, You cay = 19.62 KN/m? You, clay = Yaat clay ~ Yo = 1962 - 9.81 = 9.81 KN/m? Yary, send 7 1753 KN/m? eat sana = 19-43 KN/m? Youb, sand = Yous sand ~ Yo = 19.43 - 9.81 = 9.62 KN/m? Gy = 9.62 x 10 + 9.81 x 3 = 125.63 KN/m? When water table falls down to elevation = - 6m, then the effective vertical stress (6,) at the centre of the clay is 1 = Yay, sand * © * Yb, sand % 4 + You cay * 3 = 6, = 17.53 x 6 + 9.62 x4 + 9.81 3 = 173.09 ~ 173.1 KN/m? ‘The increase in vertical effective pressure, Ao = 173.1 - 125.63 Settlement in clay layer (AH) = my Hy Ao 7.46 KN/m? = 0.02.6 x 47.46 x10 AN = 5.805m, 981 x10" 152, 2.96 (2.9 to 3.0) When the infinite slope is subjected to full depth seepage (submerged condition) ’+ Hos" Btand Yall cospsinB Factor of safety, F Here, F=1 and H =H, —__—__" cos” B( tanB—y’ tang’) 0 = cos? 18° {17 x tan 18°— (17-981) tan 14>} ~ 2-96 ™ 153. 237.08 (235 to 238) B=4m, L=6m, D,=15m B Since D, < B, itis a shallow footing. Moreover, it is a rectangular footing with | = 0.67. Now, for rectangular footing, these factors must be corrected by multiplying with shape factors as: B 4 Nyy = (14038 Jy, «(14-03x8)zr58 258 era Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 2 Copyight:maneeasy Page 5 oT cDEamMADeE EAsy ei Beet reba a I, GATE 6 PSU Important Questions for (TINIE) | CE Ny = (2-028)n, (1-02x2)x7ae 48 hen 7}Nr a Ngo = Ny = 10.16 1 Now, 4, # Ney HON, BN, = 04 161.5 x10.16+ 5 x16%4x6.448 (c= 0 for sand) = 4502 kN/m? it 4u=1Ds Safe bearing capacity, 4, = “Toh+y, 450-16 (1.5) > = BOATS) 16(1.5) 257.08 N/m 154. 0.56 (05 to 0.6) Impervious Stata ‘The hydraulic gradient at exit, ie. the exit gradient, can be calculated by considering the flow field nearest to the toe of the dam. Head loss during flow across the lat flow field Exit gradient = Length of last flow field Length of last flow field = 1m Total head loss 5 Head loss in last flow field Sjginber of potential drop ” 9758" 056 Exit gradient = 97° =056 155. (6) Given: w= 15%, n,=20%, G= 269 Volume of specimen, V ior x10 = 196,35em? Co] > copwight manesasy Pages Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 nen ne) nyImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Mass of water, M, = 05 Mand V, = 0.20V 0.15(V; Gp.) Now, Ve be Pe Pe = 015 x 2.69V, = 0.4035, and, V,+V,+¥, = 020 V+ 0.4035 V, + V, = 08 V = 1.4035 V, > V, = 0.57 V = 0.57 * 196.35 = 111.92. cm? 11.92 x 2.69 x 1 = 301.1 g Hence, 15 x 301.1 g= 452g 156. (b) Falling head permeability test: al We know, K = 2308 Log (#) al ‘Take, 2. 30870 =c c ty = Stogiy| 2 x Sone) when, hy = 75cm, hy=75-12= 63cm, 1=8min=480 sec KL Lig (2) = c > 490 Ses when, hy = 75cm, hy =30cm, = lho, (2) = 7 lean 55 > t = 2522.58 sec => t= 42min 157. (160) Maximum depth of unsupported excavation i.e., critical depth 4c He = Jk For pure clay, = 0 and thus k, = 1 Ac _ 4x80 _ 7 20 16m Active earth pressure at base level of excavation is P= kell, 26h era Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 2 Copyright:Maneeasy Page 7 oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE 20*16-2% 80 160 KN/m? 158. (a) = 0.008 em/see Isem Cross section area = 64 can? ze Flow In upward seepage flow, effective stress at A-A is B= Yun ® Z-P, (where P, is seepage pressure which is izy,) Q = Aki Q_ 008 Q_ 008 _ 4 ' = ja" o00xer °° & = [(208 - 981) « 0.16] - [0.3125 x 981 * 0.16] ~ 1.27 KN/m? 159. 149.7 (148 to 150) When piles act individually, aC, (nal), Ca 3t/m? 2-2 = 0.85 x 3 x (wx 0.45 x 12) B20 When piles act in a group, 2 C,x4BL = 3x4 (2«18 +045) x12 583.2 t Qe 583.2 71Q, 9x43.26 Efficiency, n 100=149.7% era Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 2 Copyrigt:maneeasy Pages oT cDImportant Questions gamane EAsy for CE ei Beet reba a I, GATE 6 PSU 160. (c) 16 Axial strain, © = yg 702 ‘Actual area of the specimen at failure is ® Ay 4 He 1-02 x40? = 1570.80 mm? Unconfined compressive strength of clay sample is P,__a2x104 2 Fr 2 _ 32x10" 9937 aN) Sw * Ay 1870.80 10° im Undrained shear strength is given by G 057 21019 kN/m? 161.) Giver: 6 = 085, ¢=0.73, Ao, = (21) kg/em? = 1 kg/em? Ae = 085-073= 0.12, k=3.3x 10+ cm/sec -. Coefficient of volume change, ded 0121 Me 1 012 (6) “(ao)” +085) "7 m, = 0.065 em? /kg, Coefficient of consolidation, k 3.3x104 = 5.08 cm?/sec So (iigyy) (0.065% 107 x1) 162, 3.00 (2.9 to 3.1) Given, Coefficient of permeability, k=3x107 m/s Thickness of soil stratum, L=3m Porosity, n= 40% = 040 Bulk unit weight, Yy = 2LKN/m? Moisture content, w= 031 n __040 *. Void ratio, Ton 71-040 Gye Te(+w) Gx10 > a= Fa+0s1) as2 3 = G= 26717 wwwmadeeasy.in Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ocoprighaaoeeasy Page® ne a ne ensImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Critical hydraulic gradient, Critical discharge, Flow, = BX 107) (1) = 3 x 107 m°/s/m? So, flow required to maintain critical condition will be 3.00 x 10-7 m?/s/m? area of soil stratum, 163. 3.77 (3.7 to 3.9) w= [2224 2)-1}10 (w,-w yh G (12-7) (2.65-1)_ aint 2.65 ) 10 = 377% 164. 53.17 (52 to 54) 2 Sy (feotete) 5, ~ (B,*B, +03 2 40 _ (Br 03403 = | exces 20 ~ (038, +03 > 225 = 22x Now, } 300 165. (a) Give results shows 18% ——_™ ____ ars 73% som} ay 9x ‘Therefore, the soil is predominantly sand. As fines lie between 5% and 12%, this soil will be dlassified by dual symbol representation. ( G,>6) Taxon (-. 1<¢, <3) aa Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ener) oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Therefore sand is well graded Plasticity index, I, Wy - wp 22-12= 10% >7% Equation of A-line, [, = 0.73 (w, - 20) 0.73 (22 - 20) = 1.46 Soil lies above A-line ic. it contains clay. Soil is SW ~ SC : Well graded sand containing clay in sand. 166. 30.63 (30.5 to 31) For saturated sand, C = 0, = 80 KN/n 6, = 270KN/m? 80 + 270 = 350 kN/m? 350 ~ (-50) = 400 KN/m? where 6’ = effective internal friction of soil , _ 400-130 _ 270 sin = 904130 530 6” = 30.63" 167. (b) At liquid limit, 0.18 = [- Vs 168, 3.22 G1 to 3.3) Given, = 30°, H,=3m, 7m, Yh, = 16KN/m? 20kKN/m* ee Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 Cony waneeasy Page 17 oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Coefficient of active earth pressure, 1-sin30° 1 Trsin30° 7,13 2 pS W283 YR ABKN Fe s7m p=20KNin? Peet ath Kathe Retaining wall profle Earth pressure diagram Pressure per unit length of wall, 1 11 dant =) 163? = 24KN/m 1 (uty «Hy (2ot608) 712 aN Pie 1 2.1,(2 2 Lgttl=2a(2) pany? 163.33 KN/m. 1 Lever arms above base,z, = 7+3%3=8m =35m % = 2.33 m 4 Distance of application of resultant active thrust, Pin tPz, +Pyz5 RrRtR 24x84112%3.5+163.33%2.33 = 24x841123.5 + 168.352.33 _ 24+ 112-+163.33 22 mabove base 2 169. 44.57 (42 to 47) i © 4 2 besmaie ere Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ocopnahinanesrsy Page 12 oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE 110000 Load on each pier Q = “p= 2500 KN Horizontal radial distance from each pier to the centre of the structure is re eee 237 = 4243 m Atz=7 m, vertical stress due to load from all piers. Q 4£1, al gs 12184 170. (10) Let at 22 mm consolidation, degree of consolidation is U < 60% zur 4 Got Also, = Cyt _ 02x (8x 365 x24 x60 x 60) = eo (101000)? 0189216 < 0.283 ( U< 60%) x T, = we > U = 49.1% We know, degree of consolidation is given by Settlement at time 't(S,) _ 22 u Final settlement (,) 22 = 2 2 4482mm = 8) > pai Now for 40 mm consolidation, 40 U = Gy gy % 100 = 89.25% (> 60%) T, = 1.781 - 0.9332 log,, (100 - U) 1,781 - 0.9932 log, (100 - 89.25) = 0.8186 T,d? _ 0.8186 x (10x 1000)” Time required, i= = 12.979 years ~ 13 years Additional time = 13 - 3 = 10 years ere Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ocopnahinaneersy Page 13 oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE 171. 0.88 (0.8 to 0.9) fy = 04 fom = 085 Ewin = 03 ux ~ Eat 085-04 = FTE 199 = 98504 199 Relative density, I, = = Garp * 100 = 81.82% Relative compaction = “#8 ato) Gite testo) © Te einai Yanan) = 18.709 = ive compaction = 100 = 92.858 Relative compaction = 35745 * 5% 81.82 Required ratio = 55 gag = 0-88 172. (a) Dry density for embankment, y = 7KN/m’? Weight of soil solids required, W, = 1% * Volume = 17 * 2000 = 34000 kN Void ratio is given by, Ve en Weyer = etsy my We = Total volume required, -V = VierD= Gert) Vendor A: _ 34000(0.6-+1) _ 3 Volume required, Va agg 201 81m Cost of soil = 2014.81 x Total cost = 12088.86 + 99.5 x 10 = 313083.86 Vendor B: 34000(0.7 +1) _ 3 Volume required, Vy Te 240.74 mi Cost of soil = 2140.74 x 5.5 = % 1174.07 Total cost = 1174.07 + 131 x 10 = 1308407 ere Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ocopnahivaneersy Page 14 oT cDImportant Questions EaMADE EAsy for CE Vendor C: 34000(0.8 +1) 27x10 2266.67 x 5.0 = 811333.33, 1333.33 + 175 x 10 1308333, ‘As final cost of soil from all the vendors is almost the same, we can choose any vendor. Volume required, Ve = = 2266.67 m? Cost of soil Total cost 173 (b,) 174. (¢, d) Secondary consolidation is due to readjustment of soil particles. Primary consolidation happens due to expulsion of excess pore water. 175. (b, d) In the case of downward flow of water the pore pressure is decreased and effective stress increased. Total stress remains unaltered in the flow. ere Day7 : Q.151-Q.175 ocopnahinaneersy Page 15 oT cD