Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Menh de Quan He Relative Clauses
Menh de Quan He Relative Clauses
MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1. Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ là gì
- Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc của cả một
câu. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that,
whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho
danh từ đứng trước nó.
Xét ví dụ sau:
- The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend. (Người phụ nữ đang mặc cái áo
phông là bạn gái tôi)
Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng sau “the
woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta vẫn có một câu hoàn
chỉnh:
Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định
danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó
câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định và không dùng
dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề cung cấp
thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Mệnh đề không xác
định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử
dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai
dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-)
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful. (Non-defining relative clause) (Đà
Lạt, nơi mà tôi đã thăm vào hà năm ngoái, rất xinh đẹp)
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
1. WHO:
- Ví dụ: I told you about the woman who lives next door.
2. WHOM:
3. WHICH:
- Cấu trúc:
- Ví dụ:
4. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ví dụ:
+ She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
- sau giới từ
5. WHOSE:
- dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their,
hoặc hình thức 's
1. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that
reason
Ví dụ: I don‟t know the reason. You didn‟t go to school for that reason.
WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
- Cấu trúc:
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
3. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ
(chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ví dụ: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
dụ: I'd like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ: whom,
which.
Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very
interesting.
5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of ... có thể được
dùng trước whom, which và whose.
Ví dụ: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none of which
fitted her.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
11. I don't like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to
build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the
world's largest ocean.
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
7. The village _____ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
11. The students will be awarded the present. The students' reports are very valuable.
13. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
14. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
15. The man works for my father's company. The man's daughter is fond of dancing.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
21. She opened the cupboard. She kept her best glasses in there.
24. I saw the lady in the shop. She was Vicki Zhao.
27. I first learn English from a book. I’ve just reread it.
28. The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank.
33. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly
13. The teacher was right. Ngan asked him about her problem.
VII. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ which/ that/ where …..
John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there
8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.that
2. I think doctors ___________work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very brave.
A.who
B.which
C.they
D.those
A.which
B.where
C.who
D.when
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.that
A.where
B.what
C.that
D.when
6. My older brother, ________was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in India.
A.who
B.that
C.he
D.which
7. India is the country __________he spent the early years of his life.
A.at which
B.on which
C.that
D.where
A.who
B.that
C.whose
D.which
9. Children always want to know the reason __________things are as they are.
A.why
B.whom
C.which
D.who
10. Is the first of March the day__________the astronaut will come and give a speech at our
school?
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.when
A.such as
B.as which
C.which
D.for which
12. There are several reasons_________Adam is not chosen for the school football team.
A.from then
B.why
C.for what
D.explaining
A. that
B. who
whom
D. what
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
A. what
B. who
C. where
D. which
5. The woman _______ came here two days ago is her professor.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. what
6. The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work.
A. what
B. who
C. which
where
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
9. Blair has passed the exam last week, ________ is great news.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
A.that
B. who
C. which
D. whom
Peter, _____ I played video games with on the weekend, was younger than me.
A.that
B. who
C. which
D. whom
A. of which
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
7. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
9. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.
_______________________________________.
______________________________________.
XI. Chọn mệnh đề quan hệ phù hợp điền vào chỗ trống.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. A& C
A. to overlook
B. overlooking
C. overlooked
D. which overlooking
The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash.
A.was rescued
B. rescued
C. rescuing
D. to be rescued
5. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. why
6. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. wait
A. to delay
B. who delay
C. delayed
D. who delaying
A. wrote
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
9. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
whose
B. which
C. who
D. whom
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. that
XII. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có) trong những câu sau đây
XIII. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using 'that' or 'who' and a relative clause:
4) The customer liked the waitress (the waitress was very friendly)
12) The waiter was rude (the waiter was wearing a blue shirt)
15) The television was stolen (the television was bought 20 years ago)
XIV. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. If it's possible, you
should drop the relative pronoun:
2) The police arrested the woman (I saw the woman steal a purse)
3) The hotel manager fired the chef (we had met the chef)
5) Jill ate the burger (the sandwich had beef steak, tomato and cheese inside)
10) The bag was stolen (I bought the bag last weekend)
12) My nephew broke the plate (I received the plate as a birthday present)
13) The chocolate was very old (we bought the chocolate last year)
14) The TV programme was very funny (Luciay recommended the TV programme)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
5. Those are books. Jack has just bought them from the bookstore.
___________________________________
6. The Maldives is best known for foreign traveler. It has pleasant weather.
___________________________________
___________________________________
Last year my best friend, _______name is Annie, invited me to stay with her during the summer
holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, _______is a beautiful town in the eastern part of France. She has
a big apartment _______overlooks the river. The school _______she works is very close to her
apartment.
Annie studied French at university, _______is the reason _______she decided to live in France.
She teaches English to students, most of _______ are hoping to study in England and America
and need to be able to speak English. I met some of Annie's students when I visited her. I also
met her boss, _______ struck me as being a very nice man. He offered me a job in his school as
soon as he found out that I was in the teaching business too. I decided to accept his offer,
_______ is _______ I'm still here in Nancy.
1. Al Gore gave a long and boring speech. He won the Nobel Prize.
______________________________________.
Social network sites will definitely change business. They are very popular
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
3. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
______________________________________.
4. The report was prepared yesterday. There was a heavy rain outside yesterday.
______________________________________.
5. Her husband was aboard in September. She bought this house at that time.
______________________________________.
Last year my best friend, ______ name is Annie, invited me to stay with her during the summer
holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, _______ is a beautiful town in the eastern part of France. She
has a big apartment _______ overlooks the river. The school ________ she works is very close
to her apartment. Annie studied French at university, ________ is the reason _______ she
decided to live in France. She teaches English to students, most of _____ are hoping to study in
England and America and need to be able to speak English. I met some of Annie's students
when I visited her. I also met her boss, _______ struck me as being a very nice man. He offered
me a job in his school as soon as he found out that I was in the teaching business too. I decided
to accept his offer, _______ is ______ I'm still here in Nancy.
There are eighteen different kinds of penguins ______ live south of the equator.
2. Thank you very much for the present ______ you sent me.
3. This is Mrs. Jones, ______ son won the championship last year.
5. The bus crashed into a queue of people, four of _______ were killed.
6. A man bought in a little girl, ______ hand was cut by flying glass.
7. Mary, ______ boyfriend didn’t turn up, ended by having lunch with Peter.
8. He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a
year.
12. The man _______ I was waiting for didn’t turn up.
13. The student with ________ she was dancing had a slight limb.
1. The man went to the police station. His car was stolen. (whose)
______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. I have found the letter. I have been looking for it. (which)
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
5. The student asks a lot of questions. He sits in the corner of the room. (who)
_______________________________________________________
ĐÁP ÁN
3. Do you know the girls ___who___ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve ___who___ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate ___which___ you like comes from the United States.
11. I don't like the boy ___who___ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress ___which___ she wore yesterday.
15. He wore a mask ___which___ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
2. The man ___whose___ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
4. The woman ___whose___ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
6. The family ___whose___ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
9. The volunteers, ___whose___ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
13. The townspeople, ___whose___ pride in their community is well-known, raised enough
money to build a new town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ___which___ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is
the world's largest ocean.
2. The factory _which/that____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of __whom___I had been before, came into my office.
7. The village __where___ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
1. The first boy who knows the truth has just moved.
2. I don't remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week.
4. The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time.
They're looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest.
8. The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers.
9. My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner.
10. I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm.
11. The students whose report are very valuable will be awarded the present.
12. The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story.
13. The botanist will never forget the day when he found a strange plant.
14. The person who looked for you three hours ago is phoning you.
15. The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my father's company.
12. The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.
15. The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.
16. The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.
21. She opened the cupboard where she kept her best glasses.
24. The lady that I saw in the shop was Vicki Zhao.
27. I’ve just reread the book which I first learned English from.
28. The police officer has just arrested the man who robbed the bank.
33. The customer liked the waitress who/ that eas very friendly
13. The teacher Ngan asked about her problem was right.
VII. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ which/ that/ where …..
3. Mary was wearing the red dress which/ that was made in France
5. John is one of the closest friends whom I have known for three years
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA where my sister is living
8. The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers has got married again
10. Jerry sent me the letter that/ which was very funny
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A
2 - Chọn D (That thay thế cho her computer – mệnh đề xác định)
3 - Chọn C (thiếu tân ngữ – whom thay thế cho the man)
9 - Chọn C (Which thay thế cho việc Blair đã vượt qua bài kiểm tra)
12 - Chọn B hoặc D < Who / Whom đối với câu này có thể chọn cả hai ý đều đúng thay thế cho
từ chỉ người>
6 - The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
9 - Zoe bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive messages.
XI. Chọn mệnh đề quan hệ phù hợp điền vào chỗ trống.
1. B; 2. D; 3. B; 4. D; 5. B
6. A; 7. C; 8. C; 9. A; 10. C
XII. Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có) trong những câu sau đây
XIII. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using 'that' or 'who' and a relative clause:
XIV. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. If it's possible, you
should drop the relative pronoun:
2) The police arrested the woman (I saw the woman steal a purse)
3) The hotel manager fired the chef (we had met the chef)
5) Jill ate the burger (the sandwich had beef steak, tomato and cheese inside)
→ Jill ate the burger that had beef steak, tomato and cheese inside
10) The bag was stolen (I bought the bag last weekend)
12) My nephew broke the plate (I received the plate as a birthday present)
13) The chocolate was very old (we bought the chocolate last year)
14) The TV programme was very funny (Lucia recommended the TV programme)
5. Those are books. Jack has just bought them from the bookstore.
___Those are the books which Jack has just bought from the bookstore.____
6. The Maldives is best known for foreign traveler. It has pleasant weather.
____The Maldives, which is best known for foreign travelers, has pleasant weather.___
Last year my best friend, __WHOSE____name is Annie, invited me to stay with her during the
summer holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, ___WHICH____is a beautiful town in the eastern part
France. She has a big apartment ___WHICH____overlooks the river. The school
___WHERE____she works is very close to her apartment.
1. Al Gore, who won the Nobel Prize, gave a long and boring speech.
2. Social network sites, which are very popular, will defintely change business
5. John F. Kennedy, who was president of the USA, was assassinated in 1963.
10. He’s the person who/ that wanted to buy your house.
11. We threw out the computer which/ that never worked properly.
2. The reason why he was sacked was that he used to go to work late.
3. I never forget the park where we met each other for the first time.
4. The report was prepared yesterday when there was a heavy rain outside.
5. She bought this house in September when her husband was aboard.
Last year my best friend, ____whose__ name is Annie, invited me to stay with her during the
summer holiday. Annie lives in Nancy, ___which____ is a beautiful town in the eastern part of
France. She has a big apartment ____which___ overlooks the river. The school ____where____
she works is very close to her apartment. Annie studied French at university, _____which___ is
the reason ____why___ she decided to live in France. She teaches English to students, most of
__whom___ are hoping to study in England and America and need to be able to speak English.
I met some of Annie's students when I visited her. I also met her boss, ___who____ struck me
as being a very nice man. He offered me a job in his school as soon as he found out that I was in
the teaching business too. I decided to accept his offer, ____which___ is ___why___ I'm still
here in Nancy.
1. There are eighteen different kinds of penguins ___which___ live south of the equator.
2. Thank you very much for the present ___which___ you sent me.
3. This is Mrs. Jones, ___whose___ son won the championship last year.
4. His girlfriend, ___who/ whom___ he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy.
5. The bus crashed into a queue of people, four of __whom_____ were killed.
6. A man bought in a little girl, ___whose__ hand was cut by flying glass.
Mary, ___whose___ boyfriend didn’t turn up, ended by having lunch with Peter.
8. He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of ___which____ hadn’t been cleaned for at
least a year.
12. The man ___who/ whom____ I was waiting for didn’t turn up.
13. The student with ___whom_____ she was dancing had a slight limb.
1. The man went to the police station. His car was stolen. (whose)
______The man whose car was stolen went to the police station.________
3. I have found the letter. I have been looking for it. (which)
________I have found the letter which I have been looking for.__________
5. The student asks a lot of questions. He sits in the corner of the room. (who)
_______The student who sits in the corner of the room asks a lot of questions.___________