Professional Documents
Culture Documents
in list orde r
words only definitions & notes
1. abase
cause to feel shame
2. aberration
a state or condition markedly different from the norm
While Tampa Bay has taken a huge nosedive a year after going 10-6, maybe
that 2010 success was an aberration.
3. abhor
feel hatred or disgust toward
There are sane readers who abhor gratuitous violence but love Reacher’s
menacing wisecracks.Ne
4. abject
most unfortunate or miserable
Mr. Jobling stood wringing his hands helplessly, his flaccid features
expressive of abject despair.Douglas, Hudson
5. abrasive
sharply disagreeable, unpleasant, or harsh
“He has always been focused, driven, demanding and, as a result, very
difficult and abrasive,” Mr. Norman said.New York Times (Oct 7, 2011)
6. abstain
refrain from doing, consuming, or partaking in something
Griffin felt that he had better abstain from questioning, and let his host run
on.Marsh, Richard
7. abstract
existing only in the mind
8. abundant
present in great quantity
9. accentuate
stress or single out as important
10. acclimate
get used to a certain environment
The Jets will leave Friday for Denver, the better to acclimate to the altitude
and change in time zone.New York Times (Oct 14, 2010)
11. accomplice
a person who joins with another in carrying out some plan
12. accord
concurrence of opinion
Friday's accord removes one of two main sticking points that have been
holding up a strategic partnership agreement between the two countries.Wall
Street Journal (Mar 9, 2012)
13. acerbic
harsh or corrosive in tone
14. acme
the highest level or degree attainable
Paris wholly has got to the acme of its frenzy; whirled, all ways, by panic
madness.Various
15. acquiesce
agree or express agreement
I favored building a fire and staying there till morning, but Frank preferred
pushing on to camp, so I acquiesced.Shields, George O.
16. acquit
pronounce not guilty of criminal charges
17. acrimonious
marked by strong resentment or cynicism
At times, the two groups squabble like school children, and the exchange
gets acrimonious. BBC (Feb 9, 2010)
18. acute
extremely sharp or intense
Labor shortages are already so acute in many Chinese industrial zones that
factories struggle to find enough people to operate their assembly lines.New
York Times (Mar 31, 2012)
19. adamant
impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, or reason
But high profile or no, Mr. Kors is adamant about keeping his personal life
under wraps — even as his wedding day approaches.New York Times (Aug
5, 2011)
20. adept
having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
21. adhere
stick to firmly
22. admonish
scold or reprimand; take to task
23. adorn
make more attractive, as by adding ornament or color
24. adroit
quick or skillful or adept in action or thought
25. adulation
exaggerated flattery or praise
26. adversity
a state of misfortune or affliction
27. advocacy
active support of an idea or cause
28. aesthetic
characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
29. affable
diffusing warmth and friendliness
30. affinity
a close connection marked by community of interests
Malaysia has a close affinity with many Middle Eastern nations through
their shared religion.
31. affliction
a cause of great suffering and distress
Firm and exceptional natures are thus moulded out of miseries, misfortunes
and afflictions.Leonard, Arthur Glyn
32. affluent
having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value
Affluent families can afford guns, which are more efficient for bagging some
elusive animals than a poorer household’s typical snare trap.New York
Times (Dec 27, 2011)
33. aggrandize
embellish; increase the scope, power, or importance of
34. agile
moving quickly and lightly
Are not many beasts physically stronger, more nimble and agile than man?
Nordau, Max Simon
35. agrarian
relating to rural matters
We’re not an agrarian society any longer, where more hands help farm the
land.New York Times (Jun 20, 2011)
36. alacrity
liveliness and eagerness
The men obeyed with alacrity, as all were glad to go, lying in camp so
long.Terrill, J. Newton
37. alienate
arouse hostility or indifference in
Keeping schools closed and blocking certain public services is not a strategy
we support and could alienate public opinion and play into the governor’s
hand.New York Times (Feb 18, 2011)
38. allege
report or maintain
David is alleged to have written several Psalms, but of this there is little
evidence beyond pious assertion.Bradlaugh, Charles
39. allegiance
the act of binding yourself to a course of action
Notwithstanding this good fortune, Pontiac daily saw his followers dropping
off from their allegiance; for even the boldest had lost heart.Parkman,
Francis
40. allegory
a style in which characters and events are symbolic
41. alleviate
provide physical relief, as from pain
42. allude
make an indirect reference to
In his State of the Union address Tuesday night, Mr. Obama turned up the
heat, alluding to the plan without fleshing out details.New York Times (Jan
27, 2012)
43. aloof
distant, cold, or detached in manner
Too much focus on official duties can make an incumbent look isolated
and aloof.New York Times (Mar 12, 2012)
44. altruistic
showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others
The gesture was not necessarily altruistic; he was hoping for a donation in
return.New York Times (Jan 24, 2011)
45. ambiguous
having more than one possible meaning
46. ambivalent
uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow
47. ameliorate
make better
48. amiable
diffusing warmth and friendliness
49. amicable
characterized by friendship and good will
50. amnesty
a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense
After three years in prison, he was released last October in an amnesty that
freed about 200 political detainees.Seattle Times (Mar 5, 2012)
51. amorphous
having no definite form or distinct shape
The problem is that where genes are tidy bits of DNA, the environment is
huge, amorphous and hard to quantify.New York Times (Jun 9, 2010)
52. ample
more than enough in size or scope or capacity
Both are highly respected and well known, with ample experience in
development and economic policy making.New York Times (Mar 22, 2012)
53. anachronism
locating something at a time when it couldn't have existed
54. analogous
similar or equivalent in some respects
55. anecdote
short account of an incident
With his fourth book, “Business at 16,” Mr. Bagchi hopes to get teenagers
interested in business, partly by using fictional anecdotes, including boy-
meets-girl stories.New York Times (Nov 29, 2011)
56. animosity
a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
In this brutal contest, two opposing teams face off against each other with
competing agendas, borrowed tuxedos and tight smiles concealing
deep animosities.New York Times (Jan 14, 2011)
57. annihilate
kill in large numbers
Men deployed may fall back and escape; a mass of columns under direct
artillery fire must surrender or be annihilated.Morse, John
58. anomaly
deviation from the normal or common order, form, or rule
59. anonymous
having no known name or identity or known source
61. antecedent
someone from whom you are descended
Paul Bunyan is known by his mighty works; his antecedents and personal
history are lost in doubt.Laughead, W. B.
62. anthropomorphic
suggesting human features for animals or inanimate things
63. anticipate
be excited or anxious about
64. antipathy
a feeling of intense dislike
65. antithetical
sharply contrasted in character or purpose
66. apathy
an absence of emotion or enthusiasm
67. aptitude
inherent ability
If there is such a thing as inherited aptitude for art it certainly showed itself
in the family of Bach.Forkel, Johann Nikolaus
68. arbitrary
based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
The pieces don’t build or develop, sections are carelessly joined, endings
seem arbitrary.New York Times (Jun 4, 2011)
69. arcane
requiring secret or mysterious knowledge
Not just the knowledge of world geography but the very conceptualisation of
space in this late medieval map looks to us remote and arcane.
70. archaic
so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period
71. archetype
something that serves as a model
72. ardent
characterized by intense emotion
Age, study, experience, retirement, reflection, had in no wise dimmed the fire
of his ardent nationalism.McCarthy, Justin
73. arduous
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion
74. aristocratic
belonging to or characteristic of the nobility
Several aristocratic families were stripped of their status after World War II,
limiting the number of royal matches.
75. artifice
the use of deception or trickery
But small men use lying artifices and disguises to protect themselves.Hillis,
Newell Dwight
76. ascetic
characteristic of the practice of rigorous self-discipline
India’s leaders, eager for a bigger footprint in global affairs, now aspire to a
permanent seat on an expanded United Nations Security Council.New York
Times (Mar 31, 2012)
78. assimilation
the process of absorbing one cultural group into another
79. assuage
provide physical relief, as from pain
Moreover, I became at rest within myself, and the gaping, aching void which
has filled my vitals these many days, became assuaged.Hamilton, J. Angus
80. atone
make amends for
81. attest
provide evidence for
82. attire
clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
She was elegantly and fashionably attired, wearing rich earrings, gold chain
and locket, three valuable rings in addition to her wedding-ring, and so
forth.Whymper, Frederick
83. attribute
a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity
84. attribution
assigning to a cause or source
But borrowing from sample essays found online or other online sources
without attribution, even unintentionally, might result in your application
being rejected.BusinessWeek (Dec 15, 2011)
85. audacious
disposed to venture or take risks
It was such an audacious, daring thing that the very thought made her
dizzy.Stokes, Katherine
86. audible
heard or perceptible by the ear
87. augment
enlarge or increase
Computer engineers, in high demand but short supply, can command six-
figure salaries right out of college, augmented by signing bonuses and
equity or stock options.New York Times (Jan 25, 2012)
88. augur
predict from an omen
89. augury
an event indicating important things to come
90. auspicious
indicating favorable circumstances and good luck
91. austere
severely simple
92. authentic
conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief
93. authoritarian
characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
But, he said, “all the ingredients of a repressive regime,
an authoritarian regime, are there.”New York Times (Dec 13, 2011)
94. authoritative
of recognized power or excellence
His plays are being revived, and an authoritative and exhaustive edition of
his writings is being issued by a leading publishing house.Ingleby, Leonard
Cresswell
95. avarice
reprehensible acquisitiveness; insatiable desire for wealth
96. avenge
take action in return for a perceived wrong
But Amon-Ra of Thebes avenged the dishonour that had been done him,
and stirred up his adorers to successful revolt.Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
97. aversion
a feeling of intense dislike
Our peculiar aversion, nay, our dread, of various alimentary substances are
well known.Millingen, J. G. (John Gideon)
98. avid
marked by active interest and enthusiasm
An avid runner, Moyer eventually began arriving six hours early on game
days to exercise on an underwater treadmill.New York Times (Mar 21, 2012)
99. avuncular
resembling an uncle in kindness or indulgence
100. awe
an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration
The aurora deeply impressed him, inspiring feelings of awe and reverence