Classical signs and Other diagnostic
Mood Disorder Time Frame
symptoms
Major Depressive The DSM-V states Depressed mood
Disorder that for a diagnosis most of the day,
of MDD, symptoms nearly every day.
must be present for
at least two weeks
Markedly diminished
interest or pleasure
in all, or almost all,
activities most of the
day, nearly every day.
Significant weight
loss when not dieting
or weight gain, or
decrease or increase
in appetite nearly
every day.
Insomnia or
hypersomnia nearly
every day.
Psychomotor
agitation or
retardation nearly
every day (observable
by others, not merely
subjective feelings of
restlessness or being
slowed down).
Fatigue or loss of
energy nearly every
day.
Feelings of
worthlessness or
excessive or
inappropriate guilt
(which may be
delusional) nearly
every day.
Diminished ability to
think or concentrate,
or indecisiveness,
nearly every day.
Recurrent thoughts
of death (not just
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LDCU-FORMS-CRS-INSTRUCTION-044
criteria
The individual must
be experiencing five
or more symptoms
during the same 2-
week period and at
least one of the
symptoms should be
either (1) depressed
mood or (2) loss of
interest or pleasure.
The symptoms cause
clinically significant
distress or
impairment in social,
occupational, or
other important
areas of functioning.
The episode is not
attributable to the
physiological effects
of a substance or to
another medical
condition.
The occurrence of
the major depressive
episode is not better
explained by
schizoaffective
disorder,
schizophrenia,
schizophreniform
disorder, delusional
disorder, or other
specified and
unspecified
schizophrenia
spectrum and other
psychotic disorders.
There has never been
a manic episode or a
hypomanic episode.
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 fear of dying),
recurrent suicidal
ideation without a
specific plan, or a
suicide attempt or a
specific plan for
committing suicide

Bipolar I Disorder For a diagnosis of Elevated, expansive, At least one manic

Bipolar I Disorder, or irritable mood episode is necessary
individuals must most of the day, for the diagnosis of
have experienced at nearly every day. Bipolar I Disorder.
least one manic
episode that lasts for
at least one week. Increased goal- The occurrence of
directed activity or the manic episode(s)
energy. is not better
explained by
schizoaffective
Inflated self-esteem disorder and is not
or grandiosity. superimposed on
schizophrenia,
schizophreniform
Decreased need for disorder, delusional
sleep (e.g., feels disorder, or other
rested after only 3 specified or
hours of sleep). unspecified
schizophrenia
spectrum and other
psychotic disorder.
More talkative than
usual or pressure to
keep talking.
The manic episode is
not attributable to
the physiological
Flight of ideas or
effects of a
subjective experience
substance (e.g., a
that thoughts are
drug of abuse, a
racing.
medication, or other
treatment) or to
another medical
Distractibility (i.e., condition.
attention too easily
drawn to
unimportant or
irrelevant external
stimuli).

Increase in goal-
directed activity
(either socially, at
work or school, or
sexually) or
psychomotor
agitation.

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 Excessive
involvement in
activities that have a
high potential for
painful
consequences (e.g.,
engaging in
unrestrained buying
sprees, sexual
indiscretions, or
foolish business
investments).

For a diagnosis of Major depressive The presence of one

Bipolar II Disorder, episodes: or more major
individuals must depressive episode
have experienced at and at least one
least one major Depressed mood hypomanic episode.
depressive episode most of the day,
that lasts for at least nearly every day, loss
two weeks, and at of interest or The hypomanic
least one hypomanic pleasure in all, or episode must last for
episode that lasts for almost all, activities, most of the day each
at least four days. significant weight day for at least four
loss or decrease or days.
increase in appetite,
fatigue or loss of
energy. The individual will
not have experienced
a manic episode or
Hypomanic episodes: mixed episode.
Elevated or irritable
mood for at least
Bipolar II Disorder four consecutive The occurrence of
days, unusual the major depressive
talkativeness, episode(s) and
rushed/scattered hypomanic
thinking, racing episode(s) is not
thoughts, decreased
need for sleep, better explained by
increased goal- schizoaffective
directed activity or disorder,
energy, inflated self- schizophrenia,
esteem or schizophreniform
grandiosity, disorder, delusional
distractibility, disorder, or other
excessive specified or
involvement in unspecified
pleasurable activities schizophrenia
with a high potential spectrum and other
of painful psychotic disorder.
consequences.

COLLEGE OF REHABILITATION SCIENCES

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 Occupational Therapy Department
Second Semester, School Year 2023-2024

GMS 1

ACTIVITY NO. 3

NAME: Karl Dhabie B Guzman

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 Classical signs and Other diagnostic
Anxiety Disorder Time Frame
symptoms criteria

Panic Disorder Panic Disorder is A panic attack is The disturbance is

characterized by defined by the rapid not attributable to
recurrent unexpected onset of intense fear the physiological
panic attacks. A (typically peaking effects of a
panic attack is an within about 10 substance (e.g., a
abrupt surge of minutes) with at drug of abuse, a
intense fear or least four of the medication) or
intense discomfort physical and another medical
that reaches a peak psychological condition (e.g.,
within minutes. At symptoms: hyperthyroidism,
least one of the cardiopulmonary
attacks has been Palpitations, disorders).
followed by 1 month
(or more) of one or The disturbance is
both of the Pounding heart, or not better explained
following: accelerated heart by another mental
rate. disorder (e.g., the
Persistent concern or panic attacks do not
worry about occur only in
additional panic Sweating. response to feared
attacks or their social situations, as
consequences (e.g., in social anxiety
Trembling or
losing control, having disorder; in response
shaking.
a heart attack, to circumscribed
“going crazy”). phobic objects or
Sensations of situations, as in
shortness of breath specific phobia; in
A significant or smothering. response to
maladaptive change obsessions, as in
in behavior related to obsessive-
the attacks (e.g., Feelings of choking. compulsive disorder;
behaviors designed in response to
to avoid having panic Chest pain or reminders of
attacks, such as discomfort. traumatic events, as
avoidance of exercise in posttraumatic
or unfamiliar stress disorder; or in
situations). Nausea or abdominal response to
distress. separation from
attachment figures,
as in separation
Feeling dizzy,
anxiety disorder).
unsteady, light-
headed, or faint.

Chills or heat
sensations.

Paresthesias
(numbness or
tingling sensations).

Derealization
(feelings of unreality)
or depersonalization
(being detached

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 from oneself).
Fear of losing control
or “going crazy”.
Fear of dying.
Agoraphobia is Agoraphobia is an
characterized by anxiety disorder
marked and where individuals
persistent fear or have a
anxiety that lasts for disproportionate fear
at least 6 months12. of public places,
often perceiving such
environments as too
open, crowded, or
dangerous.
Symptoms include:
Becoming isolated or
detached
Feeling afraid of
being alone
Overdependence on
others
Being afraid of losing
control in public
Avoiding places that
may be difficult to
escape from
Refusing to leave the
house
Physical symptoms
like racing
heart/palpitations,
excessive sweating,
feeling sick, chest
pain, gastrointestinal
discomfort or
diarrhea, feeling faint
or dizzy, trembling
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Marked, persistent (≥ 6
months) fear of or
anxiety about 2 or more
of the following
situations:
Using public
transportation, being in
open spaces (e.g.,
parking lot,
marketplace), being in
an enclosed place (e.g.,
shop, theater), standing
in line or being in a
crowd, being alone
outside the home.
Fear must involve
thoughts that
escape from the
situation might be
difficult or that
patients would
receive no help if
they became
incapacitated by fear
or a panic attack.
The same situations
nearly always trigger
fear or anxiety.
Patients actively
avoid the situation
and/or require the
presence of a
companion.
The fear or anxiety is
out of proportion to
the actual threat
(taking into account
sociocultural norms).
The fear, anxiety,
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Specific phobia is Specific phobia is an
characterized by anxiety disorder
marked and where individuals
persistent fear or have a
anxiety that lasts for disproportionate fear
at least 6 months. of specific objects or
situations.
Symptoms include:
Intense and irrational
fear of a specified
object or situation
Avoidance or
extreme distress
when exposed to the
object or situation
Specific phobia Fear reaction that is
out of proportion to
the actual danger
and appears almost
instantaneously
when presented with
the object or
situation
Generalized Anxiety Generalized Anxiety GAD is an anxiety
Disorder Disorder (GAD) is disorder where
characterized by individuals have a
excessive and disproportionate fear
persistent worry and of various events or
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and/or avoidance
cause significant
distress or
significantly impair
social or
occupational
functioning.
To meet the DSM-5-
TR criteria for
specific phobia,
patients must have:
Marked, persistent (≥ 6
months) fear of or
anxiety about a specific
situation or object
The situation or
object nearly always
triggers immediate
fear or anxiety
Patients actively
avoid the situation or
object
The fear or anxiety is
out of proportion to
the actual danger
(taking into account
sociocultural norms)
The fear, anxiety,
and/or avoidance
cause significant
distress or
significantly impair
social or
occupational
functioning
The symptoms are
not better explained
by another mental
disorder
To meet the DSM-5-
TR criteria for GAD,
patients must have:
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 anxiety that lasts for activities. Symptoms Excessive anxiety and
at least six months. include: worry about a variety
of topics, events, or
activities. Worry
Excessive anxiety and occurs more often
worry on most days than not for at least
six months and is
Difficulty controlling clearly excessive.
the worry
The worry is
Physical symptoms experienced as very
like restlessness, challenging to
fatigue, difficulty control.
concentrating,
irritability, muscle
tension, and sleep The anxiety and
disturbances worry are
accompanied by at
least three of the
following physical or
cognitive symptoms:
Edginess or
restlessness, tiring
easily; more fatigued
than usual, impaired
concentration or
feeling as though the
mind goes blank,
irritability, increased
muscle aches or
soreness.

The fear, anxiety,

and/or avoidance
cause significant
distress or
significantly impair
social or
occupational
functioning.

The symptoms are

not better explained
by another mental
disorder.

Social Anxiety Social Anxiety SAD is an anxiety To meet the DSM-5-

Disorder (Social Disorder (SAD), also disorder where TR criteria for SAD,
phobia) known as social individuals have a patients must have:
phobia, is disproportionate fear
characterized by of social situations
marked and where they may be A persistent fear of
persistent fear or scrutinized, leading one or more social or
anxiety that lasts for to avoidance of such performance
at least six months. situations or situations in which
enduring them with the person is
intense distress. exposed to

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Symptoms include: unfamiliar people or
to possible scrutiny
by others. The
Intense fear or individual fears that
anxiety about he or she will act in a
specific social way (or show anxiety
situations because symptoms) that will
you believe you may be embarrassing and
be judged negatively, humiliating.
embarrassed or
humiliated
Exposure to the
feared situation
Avoidance of anxiety- almost invariably
producing social provokes anxiety,
situations or which may take the
enduring them with form of a
intense fear or situationally bound
anxiety or situationally pre-
disposed Panic
Excessive anxiety Attack.
that’s out of
proportion to the
situation The person
recognizes that this
fear is unreasonable
or excessive.

The feared situations

are avoided or else
are endured with
intense anxiety and
distress.

The avoidance,
anxious anticipation,
or distress in the
feared social or
performance
situation(s)
interferes
significantly with the
person’s normal
routine, occupational
(academic)
functioning, or social
activities or
relationships, or
there is marked
distress about having
the phobia.

The fear, anxiety, or

avoidance is
persistent, typically
lasting 6 or more
months.

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 The fear or avoidance
is not due to direct
physiological effects
of a substance (e.g.,
drugs, medications)
or a general medical
condition not better
accounted for by
another mental
disorder.

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Neurocognitive Disorders
Delirium
Delirium is a neurocognitive
disorder that is characterized
by a disturbance in attention
and awareness, which
Definition
develops over a short period
of time and tends to
fluctuate in severity during
the course of a day.
According to DSM-V, delirium
can be caused by multiple
etiologies, including
Subtypes substance intoxication or
withdrawal, due to a general
medical condition, or
multiple etiologies.
Delirium is common in older
adults, especially those with
Epidemiology preexisting brain pathology,
severe illness, or sensory
impairment.
The diagnosis of delirium is
clinical and is based on the
presence of a disturbance in
attention and awareness, a
Diagnostic Criteria change in cognition, and
evidence that the
disturbance is a direct
physiological consequence of
a general medical condition.
Treatment of delirium is
primarily supportive and
Treatment involves management of the
underlying etiology.
The duration of delirium is
typically brief, with
Course and Prognosis symptoms resolving when
the underlying cause is
treated.
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Dementia (Major
Neurocognitive Disorder)
Major neurocognitive
disorder, also known as
dementia, is characterized by
significant cognitive decline
from a previous level of
performance in one or more
cognitive domains.
There are several subtypes of
major neurocognitive
disorder, including
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular
neurocognitive disorder, and
neurocognitive disorder due
to traumatic brain injury.
The prevalence of major
neurocognitive disorder
increases with age
The diagnosis of major
neurocognitive disorder is
based on the presence of
significant cognitive decline,
interference with
independence in everyday
activities, and the absence of
delirium.
Treatment of major
neurocognitive disorder is
primarily supportive and
involves management of the
underlying etiology
The course of major
neurocognitive disorder
varies depending on the
etiology, but it is typically
progressive and chronic.
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