Test 2Test 2 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 15 minutes) pant sone Ess Pubic ant rather sterm-looking military man or a past ruler. But pubile art in cities shouldn't just celebrate the past. it should (1)... something about contemperary society and add (2)... to Our cityscape. Contemporary public art can be abstract, realistic or even a performance; there appears to be no (8)... n what artists can create, so Is It any (4)... then that It ean often cause controversy? Some people take (6)... @ piece because they don't understand the artist's intentions while others enjoy the challenge of interacting with something new. To a (6) nn degree, every piece of public art Is an inceractive (7)... involving artist and ‘community. Placed in public sites, i's there forall to see and to react to. It can transform our environment, heighten our awareness and question our assumptions. What it shouldn't do is ‘merge into the (8 ..... and become something that people can pass by without comment as they go about their dally Ives. 30Reading and Use of Ens 1A inform B tell © relate D say 2 A meaning B implication essence function 3A. boundary B restriction condition D regulation 4A amazement —B_concem © wonder D_ shock 5 A over Batter © against Dt 6 A big B great © vast D large 7A method B process © approach D procedure 8 A horizon B distance © view D> background >(Bp.i26) 31Test 2 Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only fone word in each gap. There is an example atthe begining (0), Wirt your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. cxamore [o] [aleol TTT TTT TTT TTT Extreme sports People who are (0)... extreme sports love the idea of a challenge. For some, I's escaping the monotony of everyday life and the planning Is more important than the actual sport, for example organising the event in reat det Cr raising maney (®)... charity. But adrenaline, too, plays a big part, with many saying they need a prysical buzz that they can't get from rormal fe (10)... 6an be @ misconception to believe these people are reckless; in fac, they are often the opposite of what we assume. They ty their hardest not to leave things (14)... chance and they don’t do anything (12)... they're ready. “There's also @ lt of creativity in the things extreme-sports people do. These sports often don't have established rues; the participants have to work them out (19)... they go along. Crucial to this (14) 0 a Sense of trust in oneself and the environment, (15) ..... something that is necessarly encouraged nowadays. After all, we're living in atime (16)... heath and safety rules are dominant.Reading and Use of English Part 3 For questions 17 -24, read the text below. Use the word glvenin capitals at the end of some ofthe lines to form a word that fits in the gap inthe same line, There is an example atthe beginning (0), vite your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheat, examote: [0] [E]]F fe[al] [ol] IT Eating in space Over the years, space () has had @ huge amount of | EXPLORE Investment and involved many people. All of this has been (17) wn to soley; without it we wouldn't have such devices as BENEFIT mobile phones or satelite TV today. There have been countess (18) «nin many aspects of space travel but advances mads to DEVELOP {food consumed in space have been (18)... OW. RELATE Most early suggestions for the (20) ..... of food for astronauts PROVIDE were unacceptable, for example shredding their printed mission instructions and sprinkling them with water enriched with vitamins. ‘The freaze-cried foods they did initially consume would doubstessly have been regarded as totally (2)... by those of us on Earth EDIBLE Today the (22) ..... of the International Space Station fortunately INHABIT have a more appetising diet, since the larger spacecraft which Is now being used (23)... them to take tinned foods and flexible ABLE pouches containing mest and vegetables. However, despite this, their food stil remains limited, due to the (24) ..... challenges GO encountered with lack of gravity and the necessity for food to be sterile, 2[Bp.128] 93Test 2 Part 4 For questions 25 - 30, complete the second sentence so that It has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. De not change the word given. You must use between three and six words including the word given. Here is an example (0) Example: (0 James would only speak to the head of department alone on James tothe head of department alone. ‘Tho gap can be filed by the words insisted on speaking’, so you wrt: INSISTED ON SPEAKING | Example: ‘Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25. Hannah usually buys takeaway food atthe weekend, HABIT Hannah is takeaway foodat the weekend, 28 Uniess more tickets are sod, the concert willbe cancelled, RESULT Failure to sell moe tickets forthe concert. oft 227 ‘Idorit want you crving at night! Anne told John. RATHER, ‘Anne told John that she tight 34Readl 19 and Use of English 28 Peter suggested celebrating the team's suocess wit a party MADE It was Peter celebrate the teams success with a party 29. | had dificult in folowing his complex arguments, 7 1 his complex arguments. 30. Considering his lack of experience, Joe's doing well Into Ht you take very experianced, he's doing well (Bp.i26] 2tne 38 Test 2 Part 5 You are going to read a magazine article about an inelctual process known as crtical thinking For questions 31 - 36, choose the answer (A,B, CoD) which you thin is best according to the text. “Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Critical Thinking We examine whsther people ae stil able to engage inca thinking in mode dy society Critical, or analytical, thinking isa way of Interacting with what we read'or listen to in attempt to have a deeper understanding, “There Is a belie that argument isa way of finding the truth’ observes Adrian West, esearch director at the Edward de Bono Foundation UK. ‘Although there’ itle debate that information technology complements ~ and often enhances ~ ‘the human mind inthe quest to store information and process an ever-growing tangle of bits and bytes, there's Increasing concer that the same technology is changing the way we approach ‘complex problems, and making It more diffcut torreally think. "We're exposed to greater amounts ff poor yet charismatic thinking, the fads of Intellectual fashion, opinion, and mere assertion, says West. "The wealth of communications and Information can easily overwhelm our reasoning abilities What's more, Is rone that ever growing piles of data and information do not equate to greater knowledge and better decisionmaking What's remarkable, West says, is just ‘how litle this has affected the quay of our thinking” ‘According to the National Endowment for the Arts, literary reading, for one thing, declined 10 percentage points from 1982 to 200, and the rate of decine is accelerating, Many, inchuding Patricia Greenfield, a professor of psychology, believe tata greater focus on visual media comes at a price. ‘A dropolt in reading has possibly Contributed toa decline in erica thinking she says. There isa greater emphasis on realtime media and mutetasking rather than focusing on a single thing’ Nevertheless, a definitive answer about how technology alflects critical thinking is not yet avallable. Instead, due to the ever ‘greater presence of technology etal thinking has landed in a mushy swamp and academics con no longer rely on fundamental beliefs that they previously held While its tempting to view computers, video games, and the Internet ina lagely good 36 ‘or bad way, the reality is that they may be both, With diferent technologies, systems and uses yielding entirely diferent results. For example, | video game may promate eritical thinking oF ‘detract from it Reading on the internet may ratchet up one's ability to analyze while chasing fan endless array of hypetinks may undercut deeper thought Exposure to technology fundamentally ‘changesthe way people think says Greenfield. AS visual media have exploded, noticeable changes hhave resulted. ‘Reading enhances thinking and engages the Imagination inva way that visual ‘media do not’ Greenfield explains. ‘t develops Imagination, induction, reflection, and critical thinking, and vocabulary" However, she has found that visual media actually improve some types of information processing. Unfortunately, “Tost visual media are realtime and do no allow time fer reflection, analysis, or imagination, she says. The upshot? Many people ~ particularly those who are younger ~wind up not making the ‘most of tele capabilities, How society views technology has a great eal to do with how It forms perceptions about ‘rica thinking, And nowhere the conflet more apparent than atthe intersection of video games And cognition. James Paul Gee, a professor of feducalonal psychology. points out that things arent always as they appear. There is a strong “undercurrent of opinion that video games arent healthy for kid, he says. "The realty Is that they are not only a malor form of entertainment, they Otten erovidea very good tool for learning Infact, Joysticks can go along way towardbulldingsmarter chikdren with better reasoning sills, Games such fas SimCity extend beyond Tote memorization, ‘and each decisionmaking and analytical skis immersive, virtual environments that Fesemble the real world. Moreover, these games ‘ive paticipants freedom to explore kleas and ‘concepts that might otherwise be inaccessibleat 38 Reading and Use of English In the second paragraph, itis sad that information technology A. does not help us to manage large amounts of data B does not enable us to make better judgements. © does not improve our ability to remember details. does not allow us to find solutions to problems faster. ‘What does Patricia Greenfield say about the decline of teary reading? ‘A Its the result ofthe popularity ofthe moving image, B_ tis unrelated to peopie’s ability to mult-task. © thas led to an increased awaraness of crtcal thinking. D_ Ithas been caused by the growing tendency to read online. ‘The writer uses the term ‘mushy swamp" (ine 38) to convey a sense of A. larity, B realty © diversity D_ ambiguity In the fourth paragraph, what point does the writer make about hyperlinks in internet texts? ‘They prevent the reader from considering other points of view. ‘They diminish the reader's experience of engaging withthe materia ‘They offer the reader an opportunity to explore subjects in greater depth ‘They make life easier for the reader by offering instant access to information. vom> Based on her research into learning and technology, Greenfield beloves that visual media might actualy develop people's creathity in new ways. have contributed signiicanty to linguistic change. ‘may prevent certain users from fulling their potential ‘can detract from people's ability to relate to each other voor In the sth paragraph, the writer reports the view that, for ycung people, playing video games ‘A. sa means of escape from the pressures of everyday life, Bis a hight suitable medium for intellectual development. © teaches effective ways of solving confit. allows enjoyment ofa safe form of entertainment. >(Bp.126) 37Test 2 Part 6 ‘You are going to read four extracts from internet articles about technology in sports. For questions {37 - 40, choose from the experts A ~D, The expert may be chosen mare than once, ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Technology in sports A. Thomas P Benbow |s technology transforming sport? The verdict is not yet clear. In the high-stakes televised word of football, a continued reluctance by governing bodies to embrace technology that would lead to greater seeurac), and thereby reduce controversial ineldents of perceived injustice, has rightly Iostrated Players coaches and media pundits, Perhaps the bigger question is, when technology le embraced, foes i always have a beneiclal resut? Again there i» ambivalence. With many sports in which people take part actively, such as cycling, giving the sport some room for technologieal development can Keep Spontors coming. provie interest to fans and may prevent the sport Irom stagnatng. Against this, what Term the unintended consequences factor must be taken int aceount, The introduction of headgear in amateur boxing has reduced the severly of hea injures, ut ean also give a boxer an increased sense alinvulnerabilty, and therelore encourage boxers to hit harder or defend their head Tes, B Sylvia Arada ‘The sport of aeromodeling has suggested that performance ensancements tothe planes design and contro would reduce the technical ability and lnowedge requlred 1a perform complex manoeuvres. However, ‘when technology is atthe eart af the intiaste appeal of sport, thsi surety fet to substan also ave my reservations about goalie technology in football Recany introduced to improve the Judging ot ‘outcomes a the top levels of football, this ls impractical to implement at all evel onal, this generates [other version of unlairnas, whereby technology f only avalable at certain level ofthe game only. NO Jess contentious isthe issue of protective headgear. When ight, strong plate helmets were brought in ‘American Football. the number of head injuries decreased, but te severity of those tit cid occur actually rose asf the new helmets indrecy encouraged potentially dangerous and agressive tac. Barrington Wick My universty’s current work incides developing shutlecacs that fy wel the open alr, so that more people can aecess badminton by playing It outdoors. But lan much Tess positive about cameraaed {echinology brought nto help rlerees make the right ccisionsn team sports ike football the roe af the felere is intended to be based on the interpretation of ules, on personal dacretion and instints, an this |S cleary undermined here Football lg aleted by safety technology. The supersight boots may eatse less damage to opponents when contacts made n tackling. but have also reduced the protection avaliable to players fet. thereby Increasing sigalicantly the number of metatarsal injures, And with a favourite pastime of mine, imovations such as depth finders and sonar have inereased fishing’s popularity but Seskled the requitement of sh detection and landing. This ledto technologically designed handicaps by the sport's governing body to ensure fir ply, throwing the sport nto confusion D Kamla Pumbalde With an increased social and cultural emphasis on promotiog of health and prevention of injury and IMinss, innovations such as highech shoceabeorbing soles in running shoes and release binding in alpine sking have undoubtedly benefited protessional users. But technology Isnt always favourable, Itean deter the layman and favour the elte; and {would ite cycling. with ite vast industry of gadgets and gizmos, as a ease in point. And an issue of great Interest to me is the theory of deskiling which insinuate that a sport is made easier to undertake by the intnduction of 3 technology or product. The Polara gol Dall benefited lower sled players who had a greater tendency to make mistakes but not highersilledgolters who were already’ adept at making an accurate drive. It essentially desiled the game and was, ustifably in my view, banned, 3 3B 28Reading and Use of English Which expert ‘expresses a similar opinion to Arada on whether the use of technology a Gesigned to improve faimess in football is worthwhile? ‘expresses a cfferent opinion from Pumbalde on the eflect of innovative, = performance-mproving products onthe skll needed by players? J expresses a iterent view fom altho oer on heel of etical =|] Sporswoas on sty n sp? 7 has a similar view to Benbow on whether or not technology is effective at ma ‘encouraging public participation in sport? a 2[Bp.128] 39Test 2 Part 7 ‘You are going to read # magazine article by an explorer. Sic paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A ~ G the one which fits each gap (41 ~ 46). There one ‘extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Maré your answers on the separate answer shoot. In search of the ice cave Bill Colegrave sets out to find the source of Afghanistan's Oxus River In June 2007, together with companions Anthony and Dillon, and local guides Shelf and Mirza, 1 set out to find the source of Alghanistan's Oxus River in an ie eave where the five great mountain, chains of Central Asia merge. On the eleventh day of our journey, we were walking alongasteep river valley, when a glacler slowly emerged. According toour readings, the ee cave should have been 300 metres above us. We searched the glacier base, but it clearly petered out into bare rock, with no sign of @ conjunction withthe river. Not for the frst time, I considered the possibilty that the cave might not even be there anymore, a We fot a momentary twinge of disappointment that our target, the prize we had been dreaming ‘of should beso easly obtained. But the question ‘of altitude stil remained; surely we were stl far 100 low? Indeed, the altimeter reading confirmed that we were piled up everywhere and no obvious way through. Climbing over and around these became increasingly awkward. We were tired, irritable and ina hurry a certain recipe for injury xs a i took as hour fo sive the problem, eventually sing ew own bodies tong each ther to the ether side The boule Camber continue but bere long we kat sight ofthe cer the View wn blocked byl of ose rock the se Ui doubi-decter bute. sft vay began Sretng te fst land ater whe trned towards us, waving cnhsataly, beckoning ‘totale Amst elutnty. setof gan The cw aca bad been reduced to two reanng ‘i wits churning water blow Beyond tht was 2 ac ee wal ad then aly 2 revlon: 2 fave Su tha ast wa 48 2 What was more, the route ahead now looked dificult there was no access tothe south ofthe river, a8 the valley side was black, precipitous rock The one apparently simple route was to 40 stralght up the northwest bank. There seemed to be a plateau 100 metres above the valley, Which we ould use to approach the glacer from the north Dillon, thank goodness, had other ideas, and set off down without word, The rest of us soon followed. When I got to the river’ edge, It became clear that the bulk of the water wasn't coming lrom the small black cave. Instead, hitherto hidden bebind the rock was something bigger and much more impressive; something almost frghtening 46 3 The expanse of glacial rock was fearsome. There were slippery boulders up to five metres high 4 (p78) Here was indeed exactly what 1 had secretly sought all along. This was the ice eave ~ the ‘opening for the mountain, the way to Its secrets ‘We were ntruders in its private place, which had remained largely undisturbed for centuries.Reading and Use of English ‘And as we neared the valley end, what had E Putting such defeatst thoughts behind us. we Seemed to bean approach path refocused into "pressed on, and then, lrety infront of us, fumbled layers of glacial tock Irealised was there emerge lager glacier, where the valley halve ta have imagined that the ce cave would ended abrupily. The ice cave had tobe thereat Felingsh ts secrets so readily the base What wasnt clear, however, was whether, Fit was a sheer white wall. At ts base, a hole we did that, we would then be met by further "opened up, maybe ten metres wide and almost aries, a8 yet invisible. twas now close to 4 as high. And Irom It came not a stream or a Dit not realy a good time to be attempting trickle buta dep, wide gush flowing as tom Something of ts un anitude ants, and at this the belly ofthe mountain isl, G Fortunately this didn’t happen but then we ven though we were stl 40 oF so metres fan info two streams rushing between’ the above. I was happy to.see ft But at that rocks, "They were strong’ and cold, but not foment, couldnt Imagine how I was going impassable. We contemplated trying to skirt to make the estra effort of the climb there them ad eves higher up, but deeded against tnd back {war using most of my energy just ths, as we didn't know how far we would have breathing tose. My idea of how a river should be born was that If should come fully formed, belching and bellowing rom the very heart ofthe Rot ofthe World Bt thi was diferent, aTest 2 Part 8 You are going to read an article in which an ilustrator of children's books talks about other Iustrators’ work. For questions 47 ~ 66, choose from the sections (A ~ D). The sections may be chosen more than once. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which illustrator's work is described as being more impressive when considered as a whole? inspitng experimentation? becoming simpler over tine? conveying contrasting moods in the same ilustation? Using illustrations to indcato howto rea tho text outloud? common in childrens books? avoiding a weakness boeing the result of colaboration? resinterpreting traditional material? showing unusual events in ordinary contexts? ‘making fun of things that would normally be taken seriously?Reading and Use of English Four inspiring illustrators ‘Mustrator Hannah Robert talks about the work for childrens book ilutators A duaith Kerr Hoved The Tiger Who Came to Tea by Judith Keer when Iwas a chid, [remember belng obsessed with the seene where the tiger eame and drank al the water lathe tap hin was the domesticity Of that this person was at home and that ths could actually happen. Nothing much happens, Infact, ut 1s sill magical. Kerr keeps the words very simple, and the pietures give you clues about what they ‘should sound ke when delivered In her Mog books, you ean lok tthe ca’ lace to se how shocking ‘or dramatic the action i Hei jst & funy cat ith an expresive face. I you mention Mo or The Tiger Who Came to Tea to someone under the age of 40, they ustlly smile, whieh s the instinctive eation a children’s book should provoke. | an think of ilstrators who are technically better and Books with richer textual content, but, with Ker there's something about the way the entire package fits together that's wonderful B Klaus Ensikat often feel that ilustrators underestimate chikren. For some reason, plctures for them tend to be ‘oversimple and brightly colourful Klaus Enahat's stration, however, are very sophisteated. His ‘raving is absolutely exquisite, ite lke engraving, and he covers large areas with ine, precise ines that give le to shadows, funiture, forest, clthes and sof fur Those drawings ate then washed over ‘rth ine watercolour paint, which makes them seem slightly melancholy. At the same time, they are Thnny and touching. My favourte of his books (sa collection of old German childrens songe called deder nach seiner Art (To Bach Their Own). The texts are haniwritten in beaut okashioned allay, and nest to them are ny, perfect blackandthite drawings. Some of these songs about Animals are really well known in the German-speaking world, ard a less brillant ilustrator would ‘ender them visually as falar, cheerful and suparflal_ But Eallat has found new. surreal, romantic ‘ways ofiustraling them. 1 keep buying his books inthe (so far vain) hope that wll discover his © Lane Smith first sae Lane Sith’ work when I was a young ilstrator. Mis book The Stinky Cheese Man and oer Faby Stupid Toles was lively and ireverent- I had a fabulous sense of colour, and what especialy appealed was the texture: have always loved layered dappled surfaces, and Lane Smith uses collage {o create a wonderful, grungy feel. His arwork Is innovative, aud often reveals the absurdtles in Solemn, earnest altitudes and behaviour His characters are striking and often staged on fat plane Ikea theatre et The overall design also marke aut a Lane Smith ook His if, Melly Leech, designs the text on every page and, ngeniousy ts appearance shapes the way it should be spoken. Lately, Smith's approach ns been more minimal. In hi ecent book, Grandpa Gren, the colour emt, with a ‘onsize jo sauna} sou 4 spuny ojqerenejowoeie a esioiexe owos wOue0 | 3, w euereeds, ry ‘reyeeds vvorans}su09 ‘au ueqinu eseaiouue 410) souowow pu} spIOUNL a z zueyeeds z aaereeds, = ee | — stoquinu soya mol 9 “anuwexo oq 01 ow sandsuy 9, % Leyeeds suns z Lsyeods == ebie|o1enpuondnisp gq 1 op 25ye1008 UO] sesvesip B04 Ayo ean ulsseeu eu y oun woy edeoso ue sieyio y "8988) 409 ovo}duuoD ysnus NOK “uoysH NOK OMAK ‘sed Jo s6286ns soye0ds Yous 2yed expnone} soup noge sex seyeeds Ni '06- 92 SUORSOND 404 _YoeO TEU (HY) 15 OM WY e60ay9 ‘gz — 42 SuORSEND 104 OML SL BNO SVL =< a] ‘Syed oand ynoge Bupyey ave aided yoy WI SIaeLIXe HOUS ony JOY IMA NOK Ore vn