Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 1

Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08

Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.

Necessary Equations
Equation of displacement, acceleration & 3. Total energy, E =Ek+ Ep
velocity: 1 1 2 1
=
2
 
k A 2 -x 2 + kx = kA 2
2 2
1. The equation of displacement,
1 1
x = Asinωt = Asin  ωt+δ  4. Average potential energy =  kA 2
3 2
2. The equation of velocity,
2 1
5. Average kinetic energy =  kA 2
v = i. Aω cosωt = ω A 2 -x 2 3 2
ii. Aω cos  ωt+δ 
3. For maximum velocity x = 0, then For pendulum:
v max = ωA 1. Time period for simple pendulum,

4. Acceleration, a = - ω2 A L
T = 2π
g
k
5. Angular velocity, ω = or, k= mω2 2. Spring force, F = - kx or kx or kl
m
6. Differential equation of simple harmonic motion, m L
3. mg = Kl or, =
Time period for simple pendulum, k g
4. Time period for spring,
d2 x 2
+ω x = 0 m
dt 2 T = 2π
Energy: k
5. Work done for the displacement of a spring from
1. Work done or stored potential energy,
1 1 2
1 1 x1 to x2, w = kx 22 - kx1
Ek or w = kx 2 = kA 2sinωt 2 2
2 2
2. The equation of kinetic energy,
1 1 1
mv 2 = i) mω2 A 2 cos 2 ωt = kA 2 cos 2 ωt
2 2 2
1 1
 
ii) mω2 A 2 -x 2 = k A 2 -x 2
2 2
 

Knowledge & Understanding based questions:

1. What is periodic motion?
Ans: If the motion of a moving particle is such that it
passes through a definite point along the path of its
motion in the same direction in a definite interval of
time, this type of motion is called periodic motion.
Example: The hands of the watch and the electric
fans are the examples of circular periodic motion. The
contraction and expansion of spring is the linear
periodic motion.
Its easy when you know how….
2. What is Periodicity?
Ans: The repetition of some things with respect to time
or space is called periodicity. There are two types of
periodicity.
(a) Spatial periodicity (b) Temporal periodicity
Complex periodicity is the mixture of these two
periodicities. It is called space-temporal periodicity.
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
3. What is Spatial periodicity?
Ans: The repetition occurs due to regular interval of body
or space or block is called spatial periodicity.
4. What is Temporal periodicity?
Ans: The repetition occurs due to regular interval of time is
called temporal periodicity.
5. Write the characteristics of simple harmonic
oscillation
Ans: A simple harmonic oscillation has the
following characteristic:
1. Its motion is periodic.
2. At particular time interval the motion becomes
opposite.
3. Its motion is along a straight line.
4. Acceleration is proportional to the displacement.
5. Acceleration is opposite to displacement.
6. Acceleration points toward the mean position of
the object.
6. What is time period?
Ans: The time required to complete a oscillation of an
object executing periodic motion is called its time
period.
7. What is Oscillatory or harmonic motion?
Ans: If a body executing periodic motion moves in a
definite direction for one half of its time period and
exactly for the other half in the opposite direction then
this motion is called oscillatory or harmonic motion.
8. What is Simple harmonic motion?
Ans: The type of vibratory motion of a body such that
the restoring force or the acceleration acting on the
body is directly proportional to the displacement from
the mean position and always directed towards the
mean position is called the simple harmonic motion.
Its easy when you know how….
PHYSICS 2
CH-08
9. Write the differential equation of simple harmonic
motion?
d2 x
Ans: + ω2 x = 0
dt 2
10. What is time period?
Ans:Time taken for a complete oscillation is called
time period.
11. What is frequency?
Ans:The number of oscillations completed by a
particle in one second is called its frequency.
12. What is amplitude:
Ans:The maximum displacement of the vibrating or
oscillating object on both sides of the mean position is
called its amplitude.
13. What is phase?
Ans: The state of motion of a vibrating particle at any
instant is called its phase at that instant.
14. What is angular frequency?
Ans: The angular distance travelled by a particle
executing simple harmonic motion per unit time is
called angular frequency.
15. What is simple pendulum?
Ans: A simple pendulum is a heavy mass suspended
by a light, inextensible and perfectly flexible string
from a fixed support. When such a pendulum is pulled
aside and then released, it oscillates to and fro.
16. What is effective length of a pendulum?
Ans: The length between the point of suspension and
the centre of gravity of the pendulum is called the
effective length of the pendulum.
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics.
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
17. What are laws of simple pendulum?
Ans: First law: When the angular amplitude does not
exceed 4°, the time period of every oscillation is same
of a simple pendulum of fixed effective length at a
fixed place.
Second law: When the angular amplitude does not
exceed 4°. The time period of a simple pendulum at a
particular place is directly proportional to the square
rest of its effective length.
Third law: When the angular acceleration does not
exceed 4°. The time period of a simple pendulum for
a particular length is inversely proportional to the
square root of the acceleration due to gravity.
Fourth law: When the angular amplitude does not
exceed 40, time period of a simple at a particular
place is independent of the mass or material of the
18. What is second pendulum?
Or, Why all the simple pendulum is not second
pendulum?
Ans: A simple pendulum whose time period is two
seconds is called a seconds pendulum.
But the time period of all the simple pendulum is not
two second, so all the simple pendulum is not second
pendulum.
19. The spring constant of a spring is 2.5Nm-1-what
does it mean?
Ans: We know from the equation in case of spring,
F places of the earth.
F = kx or, k =
x
The spring constant of a spring is 2.5Nm-1 it means
that if 2.5N force is applied at free end of spring it
expands by1m.
Its easy when you know how….
PHYSICS 3
CH-08
20. Will there be any change in time period of
simple pendulum with the change of temperature?
Ans: The equation of time period of simple
L
pendulum, T= 2π
g
At fixed position the magnitude of acceleration due to
gravity is constant. From the equation it is seen that
time period of a simple pendulum at fixed position is
directly proportional to square root of effective length.
So at a place with the increase of temperature the
effective length is increased as a result the time
period is increased and with the decrease of
temperature the effective length is decreased as a
result the time period is decreased.
21. Will there be any change in effective length of
second pendulum at different places of the Earth?
Ans: The time period of second pendulum is two
second which is constant but at different places of the
earth the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity is
not constant.
The equation of time period of simple pendulum,
L
T = 2π
g
L
or, T 2 = 4π 2
g
T2
or, L= g
4π 2
or, L  g
So the time period of second pendulum is directly
proportional to acceleration due to gravity at different
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 4
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.

Few basic Equations:

1. Derive the equation of displacement of a particle
 A  1  sin 2  t
executing simple harmonic motion.
2
x
Ans: Suppose a particle is rotating in a circular path  A  1    [ sin  t  x ]
having centre 0. At a certain time it comes to the point  A A
P from Q making an angle  at the centre. A A2  x 2
 A
perpendicular PN is drawn from point P on COD. So, A2
displacement ON = X
  A2  x 2
Here the amplitude is OQ= A, so the radius OP = A
When x  0 , the velocity will be maximum i.e.
since OQ = OP.
vmax  A 

(b) Acceleration:
d
We know, acceleration a  (v)
dt
d
or , a  (A  cos  t)
dt
d
or , a  A (cos  t) or , a   A 2 sin  t
dt
or , a  A ( sin  t).
ON X
According to the figure, sinθ = or,sinθ = or , a   2 .A sin  t
OP A
or, X  A sin  or , a   2 .x
θ Here negative sign indicates that the displacement is
But we know, ω = or,θ = ωt
t opposite to the acceleration.
So, X  A sin ω t
2π 1 3. Derive the equation of energy of a particle
Again, ω = or, ω = .2π or, ω = 2π f
T T executing simple harmonic motion.
So, X = A sin2πft Or, Show that the total energy of simple harmonic
motion is constant which obeys the law of
2. Derive the equation of velocity and acceleration of conservation of energy.
a particle which executes simple harmonic Ans: For the displacement of x of a vibrating particle,
motion. the work done against the restoring force is stored in
Ans: (a) Velocity: the particle as potential energy. Let us suppose for a
We know that the rate of change of displacement with small displacement dx of the spring the work done
d against this force dw   F .dx
respect to time is the velocity. So velocity v  ( x)
dt or , dw    kx  .dx [ F   kx]
d
or,v  (Asin  t)  A  cos  t or , dw  kx.dx
dt
Therefore, total work done for x displacement,
2
 A  cos  t
Its easy when you know how….
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 5
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
x
1 2 1
x
 dw   kx.dx  k  x.dx 
o kx or , E  kA2 {cos 2 t     sin 2 (t   )}
0
2 2
The work done against the restoring force is stored in 1 2
or , E  kA [ cos 2 t     sin 2 (t   )  1]
the particle as potential energy. So potential energy, 2
From eqns. (i) and (iii) it is seen that maximum kinetic
1 2
or , E p  k  A sin t    energy and maximum potential energy both are
2
1 2 2 1 2
or , E p  kA sin (t   ) ---------------------- (i) kA .
2 2
1 When kinetic energy is maximum, the potential
Again kinetic energy, Ek  mv 2 ------- ------- (ii)
2 energy will be minimum and vice-versa. So the total
But, displacement x  A.sin t    energy of simple harmonic motion is constant which
d d obeys the law of conservation of energy.
So, v  A sin t    or , v  A sin t   
dt dt From the graph it is seen at maximum displacement
or , v  A cos t    the magnitude of kinetic energy is zero but the
1
or , v 2  A2 2 cos 2 t    magnitude of potential energy is kA2 . On the other
2
Now from equn (ii), hand at equilibrium condition magnitude of potential
1
Ek  mA2 2 cos 2 t    energy is zero but magnitude of kinetic energy
2
1
1 k k is kA2 . For other positions the sum of kinetic energy
Ek  mA2 cos 2 t    [   ] 2
2 m m
1 2
1 and potential energy is kA . So the total energy of
or , Ek  kA2 cos 2 t    ----------------------(iii) 2
2 simple harmonic motion is constant which obeys the
Now the total energy, E  Ek  E p law of conservation of energy.
1 2 1
or , E  kA cos 2 t     kA2 sin 2 (t   )
2 2
CREATIVE QUESTION:
1. The figure represents a simple pendulum. The a. Calculate the time period of the pendulum.
length of string is 99cm. The mass and radius of L
Soln: Time period T  2
bob are 0.02kg and 1cm respectively. The radius g
of the earth is 6400km. 1
 2  2.0071sec
9.8
b.Is it second pendulum and why?
Soln: A simple pendulum whose time period is 2
second is called second pendulum. Here time period
is about 2 second, so it’s a second pendulum.

c. What is the frequency of oscillation? [n=1/T]

1 1
Soln: n    0.4982 Hz
T 2.0071
d.What is the angular frequency?

Its easy when you know how….

 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 6
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
2 2 1 2
Soln:     3.13rad .s 1 Kinetic energy at point B, EK = mv
T 2.0071 2
e. Find the maximum velocity of the pendulum if the 1 1
 m(u 2  2 gs)  m(02  2 gED)  mgED
amplitude is 3cm. 2 2
Ans:Vmax = A = 3.13  0.03 = 0.0939 ms-1  mg (OD OE)  0.02  9.8(0.99755  0.9848)
 0.002499J
f. What type of change is needed in effective length And, Potential energy, EP = mgh
 mgAD  mg (OA  OD)
for getting 50 more time period?
 0.02  9.8(1  0.99755)  0.0004802J
Soln: New time period T = 2.0071+ 50 of 2.0071= So, total energy at point B, = EP +EK
3.01065 sec.  0.0004802J + 0.002499J  0.00297J
L T 2g T 2g And kinetic energy at point A,  0.00297J
Again, T 2  4 2 or , L  or , L  =
g 4 2 4 2 So, the total energy at point B is equal to the kinetic
2.25m energy at point A.
So change of length = (2.25-1) m = 1.25m k. The ratio of accelerations due to gravity on
earth’s surface and on moon’s surface is
g. Calculate the potential energy at point C. 81:16. If the pendulum is taken to the moon’s
Soln: At point C potential energy EP = mgh = mg. AE = surface from the earth’s surface what type of
mg (AO-EO) change will come in its time period?
But, cos10 
EO Soln: We know,
CO Tm ge T 81 T 9 9
or, EO  OC.cos10 or, EO  1.cos10  or , m  or , m  or , Tm  Te
Te gm Te 16 Te 4 4
or, EO  0.9848m
9
So, EP = mg (AO-EO) = 0.02 9.8(1-0.9848) or , Tm   2.0071 or , Tm  4.5159sec
4
= 0.00297J l. Radius of the earth is 4 times the radius of the
moon and mass of the earth is 81 times that of the
h.Find the total energy at point A. moon, what will be the time period and weight of
Soln: Potential energy at point A, EP = mgh = mg.0=0J the bob if the pendulum is taken on the surface of
1 2 moon?
Kinetic energy EK =mv
2 Soln: We know,
1 1
 m(u 2  2 gs)  m(02  2 gEA)  mgEA Tm ge Tm GM e Rm2
2 2  or ,  
 mg (OA  EO)  0.02  9.8(1  0.9848) Te gm Te Re2 GM m
 0.00297J Tm 81M m Rm2 T 81 T 9
or ,  2
 or , m  or , m 
Te 16 Rm M m Te 16 Te 4
So, total energy at point A = EP +EK = 0 + 0.00297J
9 9
i.e. Potential energy At point C and total energy or , Tm  Te or , Tm   2.0071
4 4
(kinetic energy) at point A are equal.
or , Tm  4.5159sec
i. Does the pendulum follow the law of conservation
of mechanical energy? Give your opinion by L
Again, Tm  2 ,
mathematical analysis. gm
j. Will the total energy at point B be equal the kinetic L L
or , Tm2  4 2 or , g m  4 2 2
energy at point A? Give mathematical analysis. gm Tm
Soln: Here, OD  OD 2  BD 2 or , g m  4 2 
1
or , g m  1.9358ms 2
2
 12  (0.07) 2  0.99755m  4.5159 
Its easy when you know how….
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 7
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
So, weight of the bob, We  mg e  0.02 1.9358
 0.0387N n. What is the depth of mine if the pendulum is
m. If the pendulum is taken one third height of placed in mine and loss 10 sec time in a day?
radius of earth from the ground and same Soln: The acceleration due to gravity at h distance
distance below, Will there any change in time below from the surface of earth,
period?  h
g /  g 1  
Analyse it mathematically.  R
Soln: The acceleration due to gravity at h distance /
g  h
height from the surface of earth,  1   -------------(i)
g  R
2
/  R  One day, T = 246060= 86400 sec.
g  g 
 Rh Changed time T/ = (86400+ 10) sec =86410 sec.
2 2
    T g/
 R   R   -------------(ii)
/
or , g  g  /
 or , g  g  4 R  T/ g
 R R    Now from equn (i) and (ii),
 3   3 
2 T  h 86400  h
  /
 1   or ,  1  
1 3
2
9 T  R 86410  R
or , g  g   or , g /  g   or , g /  9.8 
/
h
4 4 16 or ,  1  0.99976856 or , h  0.000231 R or , h
 
3 R
or , g /  5.5125
So, time period, o. What will be the time period of the pendulum if
the effective length is reduced due to coldness
L 1
T  2 or , T  2 or , T  2.6761sec and becomes 10 sec first in a day?
g 5.5125 Soln:
The acceleration due to gravity at h distance below p. How many complete oscillations will be lost by
from the surface of earth, the pendulum in a day if the effective length is
 h
g /  g 1   reduced by 1?
 R
Soln: Changed effective length L1= 100cm-1 of
 R
  100cm = (100- 1)cm = 99cm = 0.99m
 1
or , g /  g 1  3  or , g /  g 1   L1
 R  3 So, changed time period T1  2
  g
2 0.99
or , g /  9.8  or , g /  6.5333  2  1.997 sec.
3 9.8
So, time period,
One day = 365246060= 86400 sec.
L 1 Time period T= 2.0071 sec.
T  2 or , T  2 or , T  3.1415sec
g 6.5333 So total number of oscillation in a day =
So, time period at one third distance below of radius of 86400
earth from the ground will be more than same  =  43047.1825
2.0071
distance above. Total number of oscillation for changed effective
86400
length in a day =  =  43264.8973
1.997
So, number of lost oscillation in a day
 43264.8973 - 43047.1825 = 218

Its easy when you know how….

 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 8
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
2. The pendulum of a clock takes 1 sec time to near the hill of A of height 8.85 km it completes
reach left to right on the surface of earth. When it 1780 oscillations in one hour.[R.B-19]
is taken at the top of a mountain it loses 120 sec a. What is strain?
time in a day.[D.B-19] b. Why a oscillatory simple pendulum does not stop at
a. What is amplitude? equilibrium position?
b. How does an object gains potential energy? c. What is the effective length of the pendulum?[Ans:
c. Calculate the height of mountain. 0.993m]
Ans: Since it the pendulum takes 1 sec time to reach d. Will the height of hill B be more than the hill A?
left to right so halt of time period is 1 sec. Explain mathematically. [Ans: 71.91km]
Now the time period, T = 2 sec. 4. In figure a simple pendulum is shown. The mass
One day = 24 hours = 24 60 60 = 86400 sec. and diameter of the bob are 100gm and 1 cm
So the number of oscillations in a day, n = respectively. It is hanged by a string of length
86400 99.5cm at a height 1m from the ground. The bob is
 43200 released from position A. A basket of height 15cm
2
To complete 43200 oscillations it takes (86400 +120) is kept on ground at 2m away from equilibrium
sec = 86520 sec time at the top of the mountain. position of the bob.[R.B-19]
So the time period at the top of the mountain,
86520
Tm   2.00277 sec
43200
We know,
Te g
= m
Tm ge
2

or, g m 
Te2
g =
 2  9.8  9.772834386
2 e 2
Tm  2.00277  a. What is phase?
2 b. If the time period of a pendulum clock is 2.5 sec will
R  gm  R 
We know, g m =   × g e or, g =  R+h  it provide correct time?
 R+h  e   c. Calculate the maximum angular velocity of the bob.
ge ge Ans : Here Effective length, L = 99.5 cm + 0.5 cm =
or, R+h = R  or, h = R  -R
gm gm 100 cm =1 m.
9.8 Time period,
or, h = 6.4  106  - 6.4 106
9.772834386 L 1
T= 2π = 2π = 2.0070899sec
or, h = 8888.88 m g 9.8
So the height of the mountain is 8888.88m
d. What type of initiatives should be taken to keep the
same time period at the top of mountain? Explain
mathematically.
Ans: We know,
2
2 L2 T 2 g  2  ×9.8 Again from AOC,
T = 4π or, L = = = 0.993m
g 4π 2 4π 2 AC
So the effective length should make 0.993m to keep sin 40 = or, AC=OA sin 40
OA
the same time period at the top of mountain. or, AC=1sin 40 = 0.069756 m
3. The time period of a simple pendulum on the So the amplitude, A = 0. 069756m
surface of earth is 2 sec and acceleration due to
gravity is 9.81 ms-2. When it is taken top of hill B
Its easy when you know how….
 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 9
Institution:…………. Nurul Amin, Lecturer in Physics. CH-08
Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
Now, k 1000
or, Vmax = ωA Ans: We know, ω = = = 25.16
m 1.58
2π 2π or, 2 f = 25.16
or, Vmax = A=  0.069756  0.22
T 2.0070899
or, f = 4 Hz
The angular velocity will be maximum if the linear
velocity be maximum
d. Explain the graph of velocity vs time for the spring.
So, Vmax = ωmax × r . Ans: Time period, T = I/f = 0.25 sec
Here the effective length acts as the radius,
Vmax 0.22
V= A = 25.16 0.04 = 1 ms-1
So ωmax =   0.22 rad s -1
r 1
d. Calculate the probability to fall the bob in the
basket if the string tears suddenly while passing the
equilibrium position.
Ans: When the string tears suddenly while passing
the equilibrium position then the bob will act as a
horizontal projectile. 7. The time period of a simple pendulum on the
The vertical displacement need to cover by the bob to surface of earth is 1.8 sec where acceleration due
fall in the basket, y = 1m – 0.15m = 0.85m. to gravity is 9.8ms-2. The pendulum is taken at the
We know for the horizontal projectile, top of a hill of height 712 km.
c. What will be the time period of the pendulum on the
1 2Y 2  0.85
Y= gt 2 or, t=   0.4164sec surface of earth when effective length is increased
2 g 9.8 40%?[Ans:2.13 sec]
The horizontal distance covers by the bob during this d. Will it be a second pendulum at the top of the hill?
time, [Ans: 2 sec]
X = vot = 0.22 0.4164 = 0.902m
The horizontal distance is much more less than the
given horizontal vertical distance of the basket. So the 8. A simple pendulum gives 11990 oscillations in
bob will not fall in the basket. 10 hours on the top of a hill. It takes 3 sec. to
complete a full oscillation on the surface of earth.
5. If 80gm mass is hanged to a spring it extends The average radius of the earth is 6400km and the
2cm and for 600gm it extends 15cm. [D.B-19] height of highest pic of Everest is 8.854km.
a. What is centripetal acceleration? [Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of
b. Why the work done of a rotating object in circular earth is 9.9ms-2] [D.B-2017]
path by centripetal force is zero? c. Calculate the effective length of the pendulum?
c. Calculate the value of spring constant for 1st case. L
[39.2Nm-1] Ans: We know, T  2 or, L  2.2341 m
g
d. Will the stored potential energy in both cases be
same? Explain mathematically.[7. 8410-3J, 0.441J] d. How much taller or shorter was the hill then the
Everest? Explain with mathematical analysis.
6. The spring is released after expanding 4cm on a Ans: The time period of the pendulum of the top of the
frictionless surface.[J.B-19] mountain,
10  60  60
Th   3.0025 sec
11990
2
T ge GM  Re h  Re  h
c. Calculate the frequency of the spring. Again, h   2
 
Te gh Re GM Re

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 10
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Cantonment English School & College, Cell: 01818- 449715
.
Th Re  h La
Or,  or, Te (Re h)  Th  Re Ans: We know, Time period at A, T  2 -----(i)
Te Re ga
T Re T
or, h  h  Re or, h  Re( h  1) = 5333.33m Lb
Te Te Time period at B, T  2 ---------------------(ii)
gb
Height of highest pic of Everest = 8.854km = 8854m
Since the pendulum is second pendulum so time
So the hill was shorter by (8854- 5333.33) =
period for positions will be same.
3520.67m
So from equation (i) and (ii) we get,
9. A simple pendulum is made by an object of La Lb L L L
 or, a  b or, g b  b  g a or,
mass 500gm. It completes 0.5 oscillations in one ga gb ga gb La
second. The amplitude and displacement of the 0.9 9
gb   g a or, g b  0.9  g a or, g b  ga
object are 10cm and 5 cm respectively.[R.B-2017] 1 10
c. What is the velocity of the object for mentioned or, 10 g b  9 g a
displacement? Since gb is less than ga, so the weight of the object be
will decreased when it is taken from place A to B
Ans: We know, v   A2  x 2
11. A simple pendulum is shown in figure. For fixed
2 2
or, v  2f A  x displacement of pendulum the kinetic and
2 2 potential energy is obtained same. [Syl.B-2017]
 2  0.5 0.1  0.05  0.272ms 1

d. Will effective force on the object for given

displacement and weight be same? Explain
mathematically.

Ans: Effective force on the object for given

displacement,
4 2
F  ma  m 2 x  m 2 x  m4 2 f 2 x  4m 2 f 2 x c. Calculate the time period of the pendulum.
T 2
= 0.246N---- (i) Ans: We know, vmax  A or, vmax  A or,
T
Again weight of the object, w  mg = 4.9N------(ii) 2 A
T  1.885sec
So the effective force on the object for given vmax
displacement and weight is not same. d. Where the kinetic and potential energy will be
same?
10. The effective length of second pendulum at Ans: Let at x distance away from the equilibrium
place A and B are 1m and 0.9m respectively. The position the kinetic and potential energy will be same.
radius of the bob of the pendulum is 0.75cm.[ De. 1
B- 2017] So, kinetic energy, Ek  m 2 ( A2  x 2 ) ----------(i)
2
c. Find the angular frequency of the bob at the place 1
A. And potential energy, E p  m 2 x 2 ------------(ii)
2
Ans: Angular frequency , Now from equation (i) and (ii),
2 2 1 1
   3.1416 rad s 1 m 2 ( A2  x 2 )  m 2 x 2
T 2 2 2
d. Will the weight of an object be increased or A
decreased when it is taken from place A to B? or, A2  x 2  x 2 or, 2x 2  A2 or, x 
2

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 11
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.
A pulled slightly lower direction and released so
So at distance from the mean position the kinetic
2 that it can oscillate easily.
and potential energy will be same.
12. The mass of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion is 100gm.The maximum c. What will be the magnitude of spring constant?
amplitude of the particle is 10cm. It takes 0.5 sec d. If the object is replaced by another object of mass
time to reach at the position of maximum 125gm, will there any change in frequency? Explain
displacement point from equilibrium ma
position.[Ctg.B-2017] Ans-c:We know, kl  mg
c. Calculate the velocity of the particle for the mg
or , kl  mg or , k  98 Nm 1
displacement 8cm. l
Ans: Since the object takes 0.5 sec time to reach at Ans-d:We know, kl  mg
the position of maximum displacement point from k g
or , 
equilibrium position, so it will take four times times m l
time for time period, the time period will be, But,
T=4t=4×0.5sec= 2sec m 1 1 k
The displacement, x= 8cm = 0.08m T1  2 or , 
k T1 2 m
We know, T=4t=4×0.5sec= 2sec
1 g 1 9.8
2 or , n1    3.15 Hz
2 2
v   A  x or , v  A2  x 2 2 l 2 25  103
T
2 1 k 1 98
or , v  0.12  0.082 or , v  0.188ms 1 Again, n1    4.46 Hz
2 2 m 2 125  103
d. Will the kinetic energy at equilibrium position and So, the change in frequency is, (4.46-3.15)Hz =
potential energy at maximum displacement point be 1.31Hz.
equal? Explain mathematically.
1 14. The energy of a particle executing simple
Ans: We know kinetic energy, Ek  m 2 ( A2  x 2 ) harmonic oscillation is shown in figure where the
2
But for equilibrium position, x=0 amplitude is 0.01m and frequency is 12Hz.
1 1
So, Ek  m 2 ( A2  02 ) or , Ek  m 2 A2
2 2
2
1  2  2
or , Ek   0.1    0.08
2  2 
or , Ek  31.58  104 J    (i)
And potential energy,
1
Ep  m 2 A2
2 a. Calculate the velocity for the displacement 0.005m.
2
1  2  2
b. Calculate the potential energy and kinetic for
or , Ek   0.1    0.08 displacement 0.0025m if the total energy is 400J.
2  2 
or , Ek  31.58 104 J    (ii ) c. Compare the mechanical energy for the
So the kinetic energy at equilibrium position and A
displacement x=A and x= .
potential energy at maximum displacement point will 2
be equal. Ans-a: We know, v   A2  x 2
13. Observe the following figure. An object of mass or , v  2f A2  x 2
250gm is attached at the lower end of spring and
 2  12 0.01  0.005  0.653ms 1
2 2
25 mm. extensions is obtained. The object is
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.
1
Ans-b: We know, Total energy E  kA2
2
2E
or , k 
A2
= 8000000Nm-1
1
Again, Potential energy, EP  kx 2 =
2 c. What will be the time period for first fig?
1 2
  8000000   0.0025 =25J d. Will there any change in time period for second fig?
2
So, Kinetic energy, Explain.
Ek  Total energy  Potential energy = 400J – 25J
Ans-c:We know, let the spring constant for two spring is
= 375J K1 and K2.
Acceleration is a,
Ans-c: When x=A, then-
ma ma
1 1 So expansion of spring, x1= and, x2=
Potential energy, EP  kx 2  kA2 k1 k2
2 2
ma ma
Velocity v =  A2  x 2   A2  A2  0 So, total displacement, +
k1 k2
1
Kinetic energy, Ek  mv 2  0 Or, 1/k = 1/k1 + 1/k2
2
1 x m(K1  K 2 )
So, Total energy, E = kA2 Time period, T  2 or , T  2
2 a K1 K 2
A Ans-d:We know, let the spring constant for two spring is
Again, When x= then- K1 and K2.
2
1 1 A 1
2 Acceleration is a,
Potential energy, EP  kx 2  k    kA2 So total force of spring, F= K1x +K2 x
2 2 2 8
Or, a = x(K1 +K2)/m
2
A 3 A2
Velocity v=  A2  x 2   A2      or , T  2
m
2 4
K1  K1
2 3 A2
2 16. The equation of displacement of a particle
So, v = 
4 executing simple harmonic motion is
Kinetic energy,
x  20sin t    . Mass of the particle is 0.4kg
1 2 1 3 A2 1 k 3 A2 3 2
Ek  mv  m 2  m  kA and initial displacement is 0.1m. It can complete
2 2 4 2 m 4 8 120 oscillations in one minute.
1 3 4 1
So, Total energy, E = kA2  kA2 = kA2  kA2 a. Find the angular frequency and initial phase of
8 8 8 2 the particle.
b. The given equation is the equation of simple
15. In fig:1 and fig:2 an object of mass m is
harmonic oscillation-justifie the statement.
attached with two springs of spring constant k1=
Ans-a:
100Nm-1 and K2= 200Nm-1 respectively, and
i) Angular frequency
allowed them to oscillate by applying external
n.2 120  2
force.   rad s -1  12.57rad s-1 [Ans]
T 60
ii) For initial condition, t=0 and x= 0.1m
Given that,
x  20sin t   

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 13
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.
or , 0.1  20sin .0    or , 0.1  20sin  To complete 43200 oscillations the pendulum will take
0.1 (86400+30) sec= 86430 sec.
or , 20sin   0.1 or ,sin   86430
20 So the time period on the surface of hill, Th=
 0.1  43200
or ,   sin 1   2
 20  T g GM  Re h  Re  h
Again, h  e   
or,δ  0.2864 [Ans] Te gh Re2
GM Re
T Re h
b. Given, Or, h  or, Te (Re h)  Th  Re
Te Re
x  20sin t    T Re T
d d
or, h  h  Re or, h  Re( h  1) = 2222.22m
or ,  x   20sin t    Te Te
dt dt 18. 0.8Kg mass is attached at one end of a spring
dx and allowed to oscillate freely. The maximum
or ,  20 cos t    
dt displacement is 60mm. The velocity of the object
d  dx  d is obtained V at 20mm away from mean position.
or ,    20  cos t   
dt  dt  dt a. What is periodic motion?
d 2x b. Why does a toy move after the rotation of spring key?
or ,  20  sin t    
dt 2 c. Find the value of V
d 2x d. Find the displacement of the object where the
or , 2   2 .20sin t    velocity is 75% of V.
dt
d 2x d 2x
or , 2   2 .x or , 2   2 x  0 19. The variation of kinetic and potential energy of an
dt dt
This is the differential equation of simple harmonic object executing simple harmonic oscillation is
oscillation. shown in figure.
So, the given equation is the equation of simple
harmonic oscillation.
17. A second pendulum gives correct time on the
surface of the Earth. The radius of earth is
6400km .[Rajuk Uttara Model College]
a. What is simple harmonic motion?
b. Why the cricketer pulls hands while catching the ball?
c. What will be the period of the pendulum if the
effective length is increased by 250%?[Ans:3.74 sec] a. Will the kinetic and potential energy be repeated after
T2 L2 L2
the half of time period?
Ans:  or, T2   T or, 1
T1 L1 L1 Ans: Kinetic energy, Ek  kA2 cos 2 t
2
3.5L T
T2   2  3.74s For first half of time period, t 
L 2
d. What will be the height of a hill if the pendulum So kinetic energy,
becomes 30sec slower in a day on the surface of it? 1 2 1 T
[Ans:2221m] Ek  kA cos 2 t  kA2 cos 2 
2 2 2
Ans: The time period of the pendulum on earth 1 2 2 T 1 1
surface, Te = 2sec.  kA cos 2 (  )  kA2 cos 2   kA2
2 T 2 2 2
Number of oscillation in a day, 1
 10000  (0.2) 2  200J -----------------(i)
24  60  60 2
n=  43200
2

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 14
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.
And potential energy, 14. A particle is vibrating executing simple
1 2 2 1 T harmonic motion which equation of
Ep  kA sin t  kA2 sin 2 
2 2 2 
1 2 2 2 T 1 2 2 1 displacement is, x  6 cos(3 t  )
 kA sin (  )  kA sin   kA2  0 3
2 T 2 2 2 Q. after t = 2 sec, what is the---
 0J ----------(ii)
a. displacement.
T T
Again for next half of time period, t    T 
2 2 x  6 cos(3 t  )
So kinetic energy, 3
1 2 1
b. velocity.
Ek  kA cos 2 t  kA2 cos 2 T
2 2
1 2 2 1 1 c. acceleration.
 kA cos 2 (  T )  kA2 cos 2 2  kA2
2 T 2 2 Ans:
1 a. displacement= 3m ,
 10000  (0.2) 2  200J ----------(iii)
2
And potential energy, b. V = - 18 sin (3t +/3 )
1 2 2 1 velocity= - 48.96ms-1,
Ep  kA sin t  kA2 sin 2 T
2 2 c. V = - 542 cos (3t +/3 )
1 2 2 2 1 1 acceleration =- 266.48ms-2
 kA sin (  T )  kA2 sin 2 2  kA2  0
2 T 2 2
 0J ----------(iv)
From equation (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) it is seen that, the
kinetic and potential energy are repeated after the
half of time period.

MCQ:
1. What will be the time period of a second c. x = A/4 d. x = 0
pendulum if the effective length is made 1.96 5. Which graph of the following express the 2nd law
times?[D.B-19] of simple pendulum? [Cu.B-19, Ctg.B -19]
a. 3. 92 sec b. 2. 8 sec
c. 3. 44 sec d. 1. 4 sec
2. What will be nature of time period if a boy stands
from sitting from a pendulum while oscillating?
[R.B-19] [Ans: c]
a. decrease b. increase 6. The frequency of a second pendulum is-[S.B-19]
c. infinity d. same a. 0.25Hz b. 0.5Hz
3. Which graph of the following is correct if
acceleration due to gravity is g and time period is c. 1 Hz d. 2Hz
T?[J.B-19] 7. The time period of a simple pendulum of effective
length 0.3m is 0.8 sec. What will be the effective
length for the time period 2.4 sec?[B.B-19]
[Ans: d] a. 1.8m b. 2.4m
4. If the amplitude and displacement of an object c. 2.7m d. 3.6m
executing simple harmonic oscillation are A and
x then for which position the acceleration will be
minimum? [J.B-19]
a. x= A b. x = A/2
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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 15
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.
8. The equation of a particle executing simple
2π 14. Which graph of the following express the 3rd law
harmonic motion is Y = Asin  vt - x  . The of simple pendulum? [R.B-17]
λ
maximum displacement is-[B.B-19]
1
a. A b. A
2
1
c. λ d. λ
2
9. Which one of the following is maximum in
equilibrium position of a simple 15. In simple harmonic oscillation, acceleration and
pendulum?[All.B-18] displacement is-
a. acceleration b. displacement. a. Proportional b. inversely proportional
c. velocity d. restoring force c. Not proportional d. None of them
16. What is the relation between time period and
10. The differential equation of simple harmonic frequency?
2
d x 1
motion is, 4 2  64 x  0 . a. f  b. f  T c. fT  1 d. a & c
dt T
What is the angular velocity?[D.B-17] 17. Angular velocity,  =?
a. 0.008 ms-1 b. 4 rads-1 k m m k
-1 -1
a. b. c. d.
c. 6 rads d. 64 rads m k k m
11. Which two points are same phase according to 18. Acceleration and displacement in simple
figure? [D.B-17] harmonic motion is-
a. opposite b. same
c. perpendicular d. parallel
19. The equation of velocity in case of simple
harmonic motion-
a. v = A cos (t +) b. v = A sin (t +)
c. v = AV cos (t + ) d. v =A2cos (t + )
20. A body of mass 150 g executes a simple
harmonic motion. The restoring force is provided
by a spring of spring constant 60 Nm’. Find the
time period.
a. 0.314s b. 0.341s
a. P & Q b. P & U c. Q & S d. P & R c. 0.321s d. 0.331s
12. What will be the frequency of the spring if the 21. At the equilibrium position displacement is
mass m is released after extension? [D.B-17] a. Maximum b. Minimum
c. Zero d. May be maximum
22. Which is correct?
m 1 m
1 K1  K 2 m a. T  2 b. T 
a. f  b. f  2 k 2 k
2 m K1  K 2
k mk
c. T  2 d. T  2
m 1 m 2
c. f   d. f  2
K1  K 2 m( K1  K 2 ) 23. A body of mass 0.05 kg is executing simple
13. The amplitude and frequency of a particle harmonic motion with amplitude 20 cm and time
executing simple harmonic motion are 0.01m & period 2s. Then what is maximum speed?
12 Hz. What is the velocity of the particle for the a. 0.528 ms-1 b. 0.682 ms-1
displacement of 0.005m? [R.B-17] c. 0.582 ms-1 d. 0.628 ms-1
a. 0.008 ms-1 b. 0.05 ms-1 24. What is the relation between acceleration and
c. 0.12 ms -1
d. 0.65264 ms -1 angular velocity in SHM?
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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 16
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.
a. a= x b. a= x2 1 L 1 g
2
c. a = - x d. a = - x c. T  d. T 
2 g 2 L
25. When displacement is maximum then what is the
38. For second pendulum what is g?
value of sint?
a. g=L2 b. g=2 / L
1 1 2
a. +1 b. -1 c. d.  c. g= L/ d. g=2
2 2 -2
39. If g = 9.8 ms , length of thread is 1.543 m then
26. sin (t +5) repeats their values if the angle (t + what is radius of bob with time period is 3s of
5) increases by — simple pendulum?
   a. 2.23 m b. 2.5 m c. 0.279 m d. 0.69 m
a. 2 b. c. d.
2 3 4
27. Phase changes with —
a. Velocity b. Time 40. When g is constant, then-
c. Frequency d. None 1
28. The maximum value of potential energy is what? a. T  L b. T 
L
1 1 2
a. KA b. KA c. KA d. KA c. T L 2
d. T L
2 2
41. The time period increases and g is constant then
29. When potential energy is minimum then kinetic
length —
energy is what?
a. decreases b. increases
a. Minimum b. Maximum
c. independent d. constant
c. Same d. No change
42. If L is constant and time period is made 3 times
30. When the value of sin2 (t+ ) is minimum then, then g increases —
1 2 a. 1/9 multiple b. 1/4multiple
a. potential energy is KA
2 c. 1/3 multiple d. 1/12multiple
b. potential energy is zero 43. At a place, the ratio of the time periods of two
c. kinetic energy is zero simple pendulums is 2 : 3, then what is the ratio
d. None of their effective length?
31. A particle executes simple harmonic motion of a. 3:2 b. 9:4 c. 2:3 d. 4:9
amplitude 15 cm. At what distance from the 44. Characteristics of simple harmonic oscillation-
mean position is its K.E. = P.E? i. The motion is periodic
a. 8.66 cm b. 9.44 cm ii. It is oscillatory
c. 10.65 cm d. 11.02 cm iii. It is linear motion
32. What is the characteristic of the thread of simple Which is correct?
pendulum? a. i b. i and iii
a. weightless b. inelastic c. i and ii d. i, ii and iii
c. smooth d. All 45. The displacement of the body in simple harmonic
33. Which is correct? motion can be expressed as—
a. L=l+r b. L=l-r i. sine function
c. L=l+2r d. L=l-2r ii. cosine function
34. Which is correct? iii. tangent function
a. E  A2 b. E  A Which is correct?
c. E A d. E 2A a. i and iii b. ii and iii
35. What is the time period of a second pendulum? c. i, ii and iii d. i and ii
a. 1 b. 3 s c. 2.5s d. 2s
36. sin =  when-
a.  < 4° b.  < 12°
c.  < 8° d.  < 16°
37. Time period of the simple pendulum is what?
L g
a. T  2 b. T  2
g L

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 17
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.

46. Observe following statements — 54. The potential energy of a particle executing
i. P.E =1/2KA2sin2(t+) S.H.M is maximum at
ii. K.E.=1/2.KA2cos2(t+) a equilibrium position
iii. Total energy = 1/2KA2 b. extreme position
Which is correct? c. mid way (between zero and maximum)
a. i, ii b. i, iii d. position of 1/3rd of amplitude.
c. ii, iii d. i, ii, iii 55. The periodic motion, which is not oscillatory, is
47. Observe the following statement a. simple pendulum
when displacement is maximum then— b. compound pendulum
i. Potential energy is minimum c. acoustic harmonic oscillator
ii. Kinetic energy is maximum d. motion of earth around sun.
iii. Total mechanical energy is constant 56. The amplitude of a simple harmonic oscillator is
Which is correct? doubled. The new time period would be
a. i b. ii c. iii d. None a. same b. double c. half d. none of them
48. When cos2((t+)= 0 then— 57. The unit of spring constant is SI system of unit is
i. K.E. = 1/2KA2 ii. P.E. =0 a. Nm2 b. Nm-1 c. Nm-2 d. Nm
iii. The total energy is 1/2KA2 58. Equation of time period of a simple pendulum is
Which one is correct? L g
a. i b. ii c. iii d. i & ii a. T  2 b. T  2
g L
49. Which one of the following is not necessary for
S.H.M? 1 L L
c. T  d. T 2  4
a. elasticity b. inertia 2 g g
c. restoring force d. gravity 59. The unit for force constant is—
50. The velocity of a particle making S.H.M is a. N b. Nm c. Nm-1 d. Nm-2
maximum at 60. The unit of force constant is identical to that of—
a. equilibrium position a. pressure b. force
b. position of ‘ of amplitude c. energy d. surface tension
c. extreme position 61. A body is executing SHM of amplitude A. Its P.E
d. mid way (between zero and maximum) is maximum when its displacement is—
51. For a particle making S.H.M. the phase a. 0 b. A/2 c. A d ± A.
difference between dis-placement and velocity 62. The displacement of a particle in SHM in one
is- time period is—
a. 0 b.  c. 2 d. /2 a. 0 b. A c.2A d.4A
52. Total energy of the particle executing S.H.M. is 63. The distance moved by a particle is SHM in one
same at time period is—
a. equilibrium position a. 0 b. A c. 2A d. 4A
b. mid way (between zero and maximum) 64. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion,
c. extreme position the acceleration is proportionalto-
d. all of them a. displacement from the mean position
53. The kinetic and the potential energies of a b speed
particle executing S.H.M are same at c. distance from the mean position
displacement (from mean position) d. distance travelled since t = 0
a. A b. A/2 c. A/ 2 d. A/ 3 65. In a simple harmonic motion—
a. the maximum P.E equals the minimum K.E
b. the minimum P.E equals the maximum K.E
c. the maximum P.E equals the maximum K.E
d the minimum P.E equals the minimum K.E

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 18
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.
2
c. (2n) rads-1 rads 1
d.
n
69. A body oscillates in simple harmonic motion
with amplitude and frequency of 0.02 m and 2.5
respectively. What is the maximum speed of it?
66. What is the graph in below satisfy the relation a. 0.008 ms-1 b. 0.05 ms-1
between displacement (x) and acceleration (a) for c. 0.12 ms -1
d. 0.3 14 ms-1
a body oscillates under simple harmonic 70. What are three quantities remain constant for
oscillation? [Ans:b] a body moves with simple harmonic oscillation.
Among the four groups which are stated below,
mention the correct group.
a. Acceleration, force, total energy
b. force, total energy ,amplitude
c. total energy, amplitude ,angular velocity
d. amplitude ,angular frequency ,acceleration
71. The motion of a simple pendulum...
(i) Simple harmonic motion
(ii) Acceleration is proportional to its
displacement and in the same direction
(iii) Simple harmonic motion with small
67. What is the graph in below satisfy the relation amplitude
between potential energy (Ep) and displacement Which is correct in below?
(x) for a body oscillates under simple harmonic a. i b. ii & iii c. iii d. i and iii
oscillation? [Ans:a] Situation set MCQ
A spring having value of force constant k is
attached to a mass at its one end and is allowed to
oscillate with simple harmonic motion just
stretching the spring vertically. The spring is
divided into two parts where the length of the one
part is twice the other. From this stimulation give
the answers of the next two questions.
72. What is not changed in case of simple
harmonic motion?
a. Restoring force b. Kinetic energy
c. Potential energy d. time period
73. According to stimulate after dividing the spring
68. A body moves in simple harmonic motion and what is the spring constant of the big one?
completes n oscillation in one second. What is 2 3
the angular frequency of it? a. k b. 2k c. k d. k
3 2
-1 1 1
a. (n) rads b. rads
n

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 19
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.

For more practice…..

1. The resultant force acting on a particle executing simple harmonic
motion is 5N when it is 5 cm away from the centre of oscillation. Find
the spring constant. [ Ans:100 Nm-1]

2. A particle of mass 500 gm executes a simple harmonic motion under

a force F = - (100 Nm-1) x. If it crosses the centre of oscillation with a
speed of 10 ms-1. Find the amplitude of the motion.[Ans. 70.7 cm)

3. A particle of mass 200g executes a simple harmonic motion. The

restoring force is provided by a spring of spring constant 80 Nm-1. Find
the time period. [Ans. 0.31s]

4. The bodies of mass 1, 4 and 16 kg are oscillating in turns on a spring

of force constant 100 Nm-1. Calculate the angular frequency of each
body.[Ans. 10s-1 ; 5s-1; 2.5s-1]
5. A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate in turns on springs of force
constant 1, 4and 16 Nm-1. Calculate the angular frequency. [Ans. 1s-1;
2s-l; 4s-1]
6. A spring compressed by 0.1 m develops a restoring force of 10 N. A
body of mass 5 kg is placed on it. Calculate the (a) force constant of the
spring (b) depresion of the spring under the weight of the body and (c)
period of oscillation, if the body is disturbed.[Ans.(a)100 Nm-1, [b) 0.5 m,
(c) 1.4 s]
7. What will be the length of a seconds pendulum at a place where g = 9.8
ms-2 [0.99 m]
8. A pendulum clock shows accurate time. If the length increases by
0.1%. Find the error in time per day. (Ans.The clock shows down by 43.2
s per day]

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 20
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.

9. A body is executing simple harmonic motion of amplitude 1 cm. its

velocity while passing though equilibrium is 10-1 ms-1. Find its
frequency.[Ans. 1.591 Hz]

10. If the length of second pendulum is increased by 2.25 times. Find the
time period of it. [Ans. 3s]
11. In order to increase the time period of a simple pendulum by 50%.
how many times the effective length is to be increased ? [Ans. 125%]
12. A particle executing SHM has amplitude 3 cm and maximum
velocity 6.24 cms-1.
Find the time period of the particle.[J. B. 2003] [Ans. 3.02s]
13. In a laboratory experiment with simple pendulum it was found that it
took 36s to complete 20 oscillations when the effective length was 80
cm. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity.[Ans.9.75 ms-2]
14. A block of mass 5 kg executes simple harmonic motion under the
restoring force of a spring. The amplitude and the time period of the
motion are 0.1 m and 3.14s respectively. Find the maximum force
exerted by the spring on the block. [Ans. 2N]

15. A particle executes a simple harmonic motion of time period T. Find

the time taken by the particle to go directly from its mean position to half
the amplitude.[Ans:T/12]

16. A body is vibrating in simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 5

crn and frequency of 10 Hz. Find the maximum value of (a) velocity and
(b) acceleration.
[Ans. (a) 3.143ms-'. (b) 1.974 x 102 ms~2\
17. A body of mass 5 kg executes simple harmonic motion with an
amplitude 0.5 m. Ifthe force constant is 100 Nm-1. Calculate (a) time
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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 21
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.

period (b) maximum K.E.

maximum P.E and total energy. [Ans. (a) 0.405s, (b) 12.5 J ; 12.5 J ;
12.5 J]
18. The time period of a simple pendulum is 1.8s. determine its effective
length,
(g = 9.8 ms-2) . [Ans. 80.4 cm)
19. If the frequency of a simple pendulum is 30 cycles per minute. Find its
effective length.[Ans:99.2 cm]
20. If the frequency of a simple pendulum is 28 cycles per minute. Find its
effectivelength [Ans- 1.14 m]
21. The length of the thread of a simple pendulum is 0.98 m and time
period is 2 sec,
find the radius of the bob. (g= 9.8ms-2) [Ans. 1.3 cm]
22. A simple pendulum executes 30 oscillations per minute. If diameter of
the bob is 0.006 m, find the length of the thread of the pendulum. [Ans.
98.9 cm]
23. If the length of a second pendulum is increased by 225%, find its time
period. [Ans- 3s]

24. The simple harmonic motion of a particle is given by the equation is. Is,
x= 20sin(31t-/6)
Find (a) amplitude (b) frequency (c) time period (d) maximum velocity.[Ans.
(a) 20 m (b) 5 Hz (c) 0.2 s (d) 620 ms-l]

25. If a body of mass m is hung at one end of a string, it is extended by 8 cm.

If it is released by pulling it to some extent, what will be its time period?
[Ans. 0.57s]
26. A particle executes simple harmonic motion in a horizontal straight line
with amplitude 12cm. Its frequency per minute is 40. Find its displacement
after 2 sec. [Ans. 0.104m]
27. The maximum velocity of a body executing simple harmonic motion is
6.24 cms-1. If amplitude of the body is 0.03 m then find the time period. [Ans.
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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 22
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.

3s]
28. A simple pendulum vibrates 28 times per minute. Find out its effective
length. [Ans. 1.14 m]
29. A pendulum makes a tick in one second on the equator. If it is taken to the
poles, it gains 5minutes per day. Find out the ratio of the acceleration due to
gravities of the two places.[Ans. 91 : 100]
30. A simple pendulum makes one beat in half second. If g = 9.81 ms-2 what
is the length of the pendulum?[Ans.0.2485m]
31. A pendulum is made by fastening a bob at one of a string. The length of
the string is 0.99 m. If the time period of the pendulum is 2 sees, then find the
diameter of the bob. (g = 9.8 ms-2) [Ans. 0.6 cm ]
32. Find out the time period of a simple pendulum of length 1.5 m where g = 9.8
ms-2. Find also its frequency. [Ans. 2.5 s. 0.4 Hz]
33. The diameter of the bob of a simple pendulum is 0.58 cm. The pendulum
makes a complete oscillation in 2 sees. What is length of the thread? [Ans. 99
cm.]
34. The frequency of a simple pendulum is 30 per minute at a place where g = 980
cms-2. Find the length of the thread. The diameter of the bob is 0.6 cm. [Ans.
98.99 cm]
35. The length of a pendulum is double the length of another pendulum. If the
time period of the second simple pendulum is 3 sees, find the time period of the
first. [Ans. 4.24 s]
36. The equation of displacement of a particle executing simple harmonic
motion is y  10sin(10t   ) . Find the frequency, maximum displacement, velocity
6
and acceleration.
[Ans. frequency 1.59 Hz, maximum displacement 10m, maximum velocity 100 ms-1,
maximun
acceleration1000ms-2]
37. The length of a second pendulum is 0.9 m at a place A and 0.99 m at a place B. If a
body is
taken from A to B, how much weight will be increased?

Solution of differential equation:

The differential equation of simple harmonic motion,
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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 23
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.
d 2x
 2x  0
dt 2
dv
or ,   2 x  0
dt
dx dv
or , .   2 x  0
dt dx
dv
or , v.   2 x  0
dx
dv
or , v.   2 x
dx
or , v.dv   2 x.dx
or ,  v.dv    2 x.dx
or ,  v.dv   2  x.dx
v2 x2
or ,   2 .  c ----------------- (1), where c is a constant of integration.
2 2
When, x   A then v = 0 i.e. at mean position the velocity is zero.
Now from equation (1),
A2
or , c   2 .
2
Placing the value of constant C in equn (1) we get,
v2 x2 A2
or ,   2 .   2 .
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
or , v   x   A
or , v 2   2 ( A2  x 2 )
or , v   ( A2  x 2 )
dx
or ,   ( A2  x 2 )
dt
dx
or ,  .dt
( A2  x 2 )
dx
or ,    .dt
( A2  x 2 )
x
or ,sin 1  .t  
A
x
or ,  sin( t   )
A
or , x  A sin( t   )
This equnis the solution of the differential equation of S.H.M.
Here  is known as the phase constant.
If t = 0, then, x = Asin, where A is the amplitude and  is the initial phase of the oscillating particle.

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.

Motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic motion:

Let L is the effective length of a simple pendulum, m is the mass of the bob and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
The weight of the bob mg is balanced by the opposite directional tension (T) of thread at rest. The bob is
displaced by a small angle to B. the weight of the bob mg can be resolved into two components. One is mg cos
along BC which is balanced by the tension of thread along BS. The other component mgsin tries to bring the bob
back.
So, effective force on the bob
F= - mgsin
ma = - mgsin
a =- gsin
a= - g [when is very small ( <4°), then sin = ]
a= - g
a= - g [considering displacement AB=x]
a= -
a= - [ ]

i.e. Its acceleration is proportional to the opposite to displacement.

This is the characteristics of simple harmonic oscillation.
So, it is proved that for small amplitude the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic motion.

Again, we know

Knowledge Based Question:

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 Name:…………………… Periodic Motion PHYSICS 25
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Define the following quantities,
1. periodic motion 2. Simple harmonic 3. Simple pendulum 4. Time period
motion

5. second’s pendulum 6. Amplitude 7. Phase 8. Frequency.

9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18.

1. Explain characteristics of simple harmonic motion.

2. Second’s pendulum is of course a simple pendulum but simple pendulum can or cannot be a second’s
pendulum explain.
3. State the laws of simple pendulum.
4. What is the shape of L versus T2 curve? What is its significance?
5. Mention the uses of simple pendulum.
6. What is the time period of the simple pendulum at the centre of the earth and why?
7. Why does a pendulum clock go slow in summer and fast in winter?
8. All simple harmonic motions are periodic motion but all periodic motions are not simple harmonic motion—
explain.
9. At what points in the simple harmonic motion are the velocity and acceleration maximum and where
minimum and why?
10. Does the time period of a simple pendulum increase or decrease when the effective length is increased?
11. Why is it necessary that the angular displacement of a simple pendulum should be within 4°?
12. Write the general equation of simple harmonic motion.
13. Why displacement and acceleration of a particle in SHM are in opposite phase?
14. What is meant by phase difference of two simple harmonic motions?
15. Two simple harmonic motions have same amplitude and frequency. But their phase difference is /2. Draw
displacement time graph for these motions.

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