The first microscope

Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented

the first microscope in 1590.

The simple microscope combines a

convex lens with a holder for specimens
and magnifies it by between 200 and 300
times, like a magnifying glass.

Leeuwenhoek observed animal and plant tissue,

human sperm and blood cells, minerals, fossils,
and many other things that had never been seen
before on a microscopic scale.
Aquatic Microscope
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek developed the
microscope to allow the examination
of circulation of the blood in eel, tadpole, and
other sea creatures' tails in 1689.

The water droplet acts as a convex

lens, meaning that it bends outward,
allowing light to pass through it. It
works just like a magnifying glass.

He discovered free living cells of algae

Spirogyra in pond water for the first time.

He also discovered sperm cells in his semen.

Electron Microscope
• The electron microscope was made by Ernst Ruska,
an electrical German engineer. It was first designed
in 1931, and did not become commercially available
until 1936.
• Electron microscopes uses a beam of electron and
their wavelike characteristics to magnify objects.
• The wavelength of a beam of electron is magnitudes
smaller than wavelength of visibly light which
means it can magnify more with a higher resolution.
• An electron microscope fundamentally works the
same as a light microscope but uses sensors to
detect the beams of electron reflected off
the object.
First modern compound
light microscope
• It was invented by Ernst Abbé and Carl-Zeiss in 1886
• A compound microscope contains two lenses instead of
one lenses. One lens is called the eyepiece lens, while
the other is called the objective lens.
• The magnification on the eyepiece lens is generally x10,
so the end magnification of the image is the eyepiece
magnification * the objective magnification.
• The microscope Ernst Abbe and Carl-Zeiss made can
magnify up to x1000.