5:52 + td Rete ull 27% Oo @ vedantu.com/revision-nc + Nedarin, —©@ (sem | Download PDF NCERT Solutions Vv Vv Chapter 19 [Free PDF Download] Urine production ‘The three major steps in the production of urine are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion. (Class 12: Biotogy svn vedantu com a Glomerular filtration: When blood enters the glomerulus via an afferent arteriole, glomerular filtration begins. Water and nitrogenous waste enter the glomerulus and blood cells, while proteins exit through the efferent arteriole. The kidney filters approximately 1100 mi to 1200 mi of blood per minute on average. The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes blood to filter through three different layers. The first layer is the endothelium, which surrounds the glomerular blood vessels. The second layer is Bowman's capsule epithelium, with a basement membrane separating the two. Podocytes are the epithelial cells of the Bowman's capsule that are arranged in an intricate pattern to leave some minute spaces known as slit pores or filtration slits. ‘The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute is referred to as the glomerular filtration rate. erat cerssse —< Labeled Diagram of Steps involved in Formation of Urine Tubular reabsorption: Tubular reabsorption is the process of absorbing necessary molecules like glucose, amino acids, etc or ions like sodium ions, etc. Some substances are absorbed actively, while others are absorbed passively. Glucose and amino acids are actively absorbed, whereas water is passively absorbed. JEE OLYMPIAD Best courses for you ~ Download PDF Ill O <5:52 * Gd Arte ull 27%8 Q > @ vedantu.com/revision-nc + & = Vedat @ (=n) Download PDF NCERT Solutions Vv Vv Chapter 19 [Free PDF Download] A tuft of capillaries forms glomerulus. The afferent arteriole transports blood into the glomerulus, while the efferent arteriole transports blood out of the glomerulus. Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped structure that holds Glomerulus together. Bowman's capsule, along with the glomerulus, is referred to as the renal corpuscles ‘or Malpighian body. Class 11: Biology sewn vedantu.com 2 Labeled Diagram of Nephron of Human Kidney ‘The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is a highly coiled structure that is an extented tubular structure of Malpighian body. Henle’s loop is the next section of the tubule. Henle’s loop is made up of two limbs, one is ascending limb and other one is descending limb. The ascending limb extends into a distal convoluted tubule (DCT). ‘The DCT then connects to the collecting duct. ‘There are two main types of nephrons which are - Cortical nephrons and medullary nephrons. Cortical Nephrons: Cortical nephrons are formed when only a small portion of their Joop of Henle is found in medulla because of its short length. Medullary Nephrons: Medullary nephrons are formed when the loop of Henle becomes long and spreads into the medulla. in the production of urine are glomerular filtration, tubular JEE OLYMPIAD Best courses for you * Download PDF Ill O <