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剑桥雅思15Test4Passage2阅读原⽂翻译
Silbo Gomero – the whistle language
of the Canary Islands
2021-07-07 22:16

剑桥雅思15Test4Passage2阅读原⽂翻译 Silbo
Gomero – the whistle language of the Canary
Islands 加那利群岛的⼝哨语⾔

剑桥雅思15阅读第四套题⽬第⼆篇⽂章的主题
为加那利群岛的⼝哨语⾔。⽂章⼀共9段，⼤体介绍
了⼝哨语⾔的特点，它对我们研究⼤脑功能的作
⽤，以及它⽬前所⾯临的困境。下⾯是具体每⼀段
的翻译。

点击查看这篇雅思阅读具体题⽬的答案解析与
其中出现的⾼频词汇：

雅思阅读真题词汇 剑桥雅思15 Test 4

Passage 2 ⼝哨语⾔

剑桥雅思15Test4Passage2阅读答案解析
Silbo Gomero – the whistle language of the
Canary Islands ⼝哨语⾔

剑桥雅思15 Test4 Passage2阅读原⽂翻译

第1段

La Gomera is one of the Canary Islands

situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest
coast of Africa. This small volcanic island is
mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep,
wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 metres at its
highest peak. It is also home to the best known
of the world’s whistle ‘languages’, a means of
transmitting information over long distances
which is perfectly adapted to the extreme
terrain of the island.

⼽梅拉岛是加纳利群岛中的⼀座岛屿，位于靠
近⾮洲⻄北岸的⼤⻄洋上。这座⼩型⽕⼭岛上⼭峰
众多，有着陡峭的岩⽯斜坡和丛林密布的、深邃的
溪⾕，最⾼处可达1487⽶。它也是世界上最著名的
⼝哨语⾔的故乡，⼀种完美地适应了该岛屿极端地
形的、远距离传播信息的⽅式。

第2段

This ‘language’, known as ‘Silbo’ or ‘Silbo

Gomero’ – from the Spanish word for ‘whistle’-
is now shedding light on the language-
processing abilities of the human brain,
according to scientists. Researchers say that
Silbo activates parts of the brain normally
associated with spoken language, suggesting
that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability
to interpret sounds as language.

据科学家说，这⼀被称为“Silbo”或“Silbo
Gemero”的语⾔ – 该名称来⾃⻄班⽛语，意思是
“⼝哨” – 如今正在揭示⼈类⼤脑处理语⾔的能⼒。
研究者说，Silbo激活⼤脑中通常与⼝头语⾔联系在
⼀起的部分，表明⼤脑在将声⾳解析成语⾔的能⼒
⽅⾯具有很⾼的灵活性。

第3段

‘Science has developed the idea of brain

areas that are dedicated to language, and we
are starting to understand the scope of signals
that can be recognised as language,’ says David
Corina, co-author of a recent study and
associate professor of psychology at the
University of Washington in Seattle.

“科学研究中已有这样的观念，即特定的⼤脑区
域专⻔负责语⾔功能。我们也开始理解能够被识别
为语⾔的信号范围”，最近⼀项研究的合作作者、⻄
雅图华盛顿⼤学的⼼理学教授David Corina说。

第4段

Silbo is a substitute for Spanish, with

individual words recoded into whistles which
have high- and low-frequency tones. A whistler
– or silbador – puts a finger in his or her
mouth to increase the whistle’s pitch, while the
other hand can be cupped to adjust the
direction of the sound. ‘There is much more
ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the
spoken signal’, explains lead researcher Manuel
Carreiras, psychology professor at the
University of La Laguna on the Canary island of
Tenerife. Because whistled ‘words’ can be hard
to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as
well as awareness of context, to make
themselves understood.

Silbo是⻄班⽛语的替代品，每个单词被重新编
码为⾼低频率不同的⼝哨声。吹哨⼈（也被叫做
silbador）将⼿指放进嘴⾥提升⼝哨的⾳⾼，另⼀
只⼿掌则可以模拟杯⼦的形状以调整声⾳的⽅向。
“与说话信号相⽐，⼝哨信号要模糊许多”，位于加
那利群岛特内⾥费岛拉拉古纳⼤学的⼼理学教授、
⾸席研究员Manuel Carreiras解释道。由于⼝哨词
汇很难分辨，所以吹哨⼈依赖重复，以及对语境的
意识来表达⾃⼰的意思。

第5段

The silbadores of Gomera are traditionally

shepherds and other isolated mountain folk, and
their novel means of staying in touch allows
them to communicate over distances of up to
10 kilometres. Carreiras explains that silbadores
are able to pass a surprising amount of
information via their whistles. ‘In daily life they
use whistles to communicate short commands,
but any Spanish sentence could be whistled.’
Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires
have occurred on the island and rapid
communication across large areas has been
vital.

⼽梅拉岛的传统吹哨⼈多为牧⽺⼈和其他与世
隔绝的⼭区居⺠。他们保持联系的新奇⽅式让他们
可以在最多相隔10公⾥的情况下互相交流。
Carreiras解释说，吹哨⼈能够通过⼝哨传递惊⼈数
量的信息。“在⽇常⽣活中，他们使⽤⼝哨来传递简
短的命令，但任何⻄班⽛句⼦都能够被吹出来”。当
岛上发⽣⽕灾，⼤⾯积区域的信息迅速传递⾄关重
要时，Silbo被证明特别有⽤。

第6段

The study team used neuroimaging

equipment to contrast the brain activity of
silbadores while listening to whistled and
spoken Spanish. Results showed the left
temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually
associated with spoken language, was engaged
during the processing of Silbo. The researchers
found that other key regions in the brain’s
frontal lobe also responded to the whistles,
including those activated in response to sign
language among deaf people. When the
experiments were repeated with non-whistlers,
however, activation was observed in all areas of
the brain.

研究团队使⽤神经成像设备对⽐了吹哨⼈听到
吹出来和说出来的⻄班⽛语时⼤脑活动的不同。结
果表明，⼤脑左侧颞叶（通常与⼝头语⾔相关）在
处理Silbo的时候被激活。研究者发现，⼤脑额叶的
其他关键区域也会对哨声产⽣反应，包括那些应对
盲⼈⼿语时会被激活的区域。然⽽，当对⾮吹哨⼈
进⾏重复实验室，⼤脑所有区域都可以观察到激活
反应。

第7段

‘Our results provide more evidence about

the flexibility of human capacity for language in
a variety of forms,’ Corina says. ‘These data
suggest that left-hemisphere language regions
are uniquely adapted for communicative
purposes, independent of the modality of signal.
The non- Silbo speakers were not recognising
Silbo as a language. They had nothing to grab
onto, so multiple areas of their brains were
activated.’

“我们的研究结果提供了更多的证据，证明⼈类
在处理各种形式的语⾔上具有灵活性”，Corina说，
“这些数据表明，左半球的语⾔区域出于交流⽬的进
⾏了独特的更改，不受信号形式的影响。⾮哨语使
⽤者不会将Silbo当作⼀种语⾔。他们没有可供抓取
的信号，所以他们⼤脑的多个区域都被激活了”。

第8段

Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero

remain obscure, but that indigenous Canary
Islanders, who were of North African origin,
already had a whistled language when Spain
conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th
century. Whistled languages survive today in
Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana,
China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous
pockets in southern Europe. There are thought
to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in
use, though only 12 have been described and
studied scientifically. This form of
communication is an adaptation found among
cultures where people are often isolated from
each other, according to Julien Meyer, a
researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in
Lyon, France. ‘They are mostly used in
mountains or dense forests, ‘ he says. ‘Whistled
languages are quite clearly defined and
represent an original adaptation of the spoken
language for the needs of isolated human
groups.”

Carreiras说，Silbo Gomero的起源仍属未知，
但源于⾮洲北部的加纳⾥群岛的本⼟居⺠，在⻄班
⽛⼈于15世纪征服这些⽕⼭岛的时候，就已经拥有
了⼀⻔⼝哨语⾔。⼝哨语⾔如今仍然存在于巴布新
⼏内亚、墨⻄哥、越南、圭亚那、中国、尼泊尔、
塞内加尔，以及欧洲南部的⼀些地区。据认为，⽬
前仍在使⽤的⼝哨语⾔多达70种，虽然其中只有12
种被科学地描述和研究过。法国⾥昂⼈类科学研究
所的研究员Julien Meyer表示，这种形式的交流是
对⼈们互相隔绝的⽂化的⼀种适应。“它们⼤多在⼭
区和茂密的森林中使⽤”，他说，“⼝哨语⾔定义清
晰，代表着为满⾜孤⽴的⼈类群体的需求⽽对⼝头
语⾔的⼀种原始改编”。

第9段

But with modern communication technology

now widely available, researchers say whistled
languages like Silbo are threatened with
extinction. With dwindling numbers of Gomera
islanders still fluent in the language, Canaries’
authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its
survival. Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been
taught in all of the island’s elementary schools.
In addition, locals are seeking assistance from
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ‘The local
authorities are trying to get an award from the
organisation to declare [Silbo Gomero] as
something that should be preserved for
humanity,’ Carreiras adds.

不过，如今随着现代通信技术的⼴泛应⽤，研
究者表示，诸如Silbo这样的⼝哨语⾔⾯临着灭绝的
危险。随着⼽梅拉岛上仍然能够熟练使⽤该语⾔的
⼈越来越少，加那利政府当局正采取措施努⼒保证
它的延续。1999年以来，该岛屿上的所有⼩学都开
设了Silbo Gomero这⻔语⾔课。除此之外，当地⼈
还寻求联合国教科⽂组织的帮助。“当地政府正试图
从该组织获得认证，以宣布Silbo Gemero是某种出
于⼈类整体利益应该被保护的东⻄”，Carreiras补
充到。

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