MAY 1915 SILHOUETTES OF ALLIE oar ILY ENeMy AIRPLANES a wit! Scale : 10200INDEX Pages Component parts of an ainplane : Means of identifying aixplanes 3 Classilieation af airplanes by analogy ; Plate ‘ Plate 1 5 Plate ©. : : identitcation of an enemy airplane ‘ Index, in alphabetical order and by nationality . fo bo, 65, N.B.— All the lypes in this booklet are tu the 1/30 scale, with the exception of some perspey reduced scale. All new types, as s00n a8 U booklet ive views, which are at a more -y, will be known, will he drawn np oi leallels which ean he inseried in the prosent IMPORTANT NOTICE. — The German airplanes are often fitted with a devies permitting the pilot to destroy his machine in cago of a forced landing in the enemy lines. ‘This apparatue is composed of a box placed in tha carlin, A second box containing an explosive, is screwed to the bottom of this box. Tn order to work this apparatus, a hand lover has only to bo pulled. The explosion takes place after 20 seconds, ‘The box bears the f lowing inseription near the hand lever + Vorsicht : Vorstecker nicht herausziehen. Lebensgefobr. (Beware. Do not pull the hand lever. Deadly danger.) It is of great importance to acquaint the troops with this device, In order to avoid accidents, ae well as to prevent if possible, the destruction of the German airplanes by their crew.COMPO: NT PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE Two wings always sith foriing one plane (monoplane), oF two superposed planes (biplane), or three superposed planes (triplanes|, nearly upwards and downwards, Lo the tight and Jeft and inversely (elevator and radder, with or without fixed t two, oF tall booms lig. x) which connect the wings Uv the empennage. GA landing ehassis for taking off and for tan Ie One or several propellers 6 One oF several motors. Struts “5 Kutder {Aeron Agel B=) Shite. Londbag BasesMEANS OF IDENTIFYING AIRPLANES FRANCE ENGLAND BELGIUM @ O © % UNITED STATES Aitvoult to distinguish the ins ‘heCLASSIFICATION OF AIRPLANES BY ANALOGY This cassito consideration af the way the aixplane appears ts the men an ook out, wha in most eases, se it only atvery high altitades and from heneaih, This dovs not show the number of planes. The lines whieh do nol undergo auy perspective deformation ta tho field of vision of tne observer, are the only onos that have bee taken ava basis of analogy between ihe difevent Iypee otaizplanes mow in service at he front These lines are the Leading rage of the plaves and the leading elge ofthe elevator ‘The comparison of these principal tirplane characteris, gives the following great divisions, ix which the parallel af the secon dry’ hartcteistion, developed fw plates, A, Br, pages fb 5, wil sce, tn tase of doubt, to identify the allied and enemy TE however, the observer ean ascertai if the aicplane & a monoplane or & t identify Ich machines ot these two categories, wel are the felleving awe, he ean without the help of these plates, rapidly Monoplanes : Morone az Az, 27 Gl, atl ag G1, see page 4 { Sopwith, see page ‘rripianes » } MY Capront, see p Enemy, Fokker, see page 4 In most eases the obscever can classify the alxplane in one of the five following divistoms (Forman 4o Az and gr as ‘Monomotor without fuselage © } Voisin # Hig and 40 Tina, FE ab ad and FBS 4 Bi-motor withont fuselage : Caudvon {Ax Caproni 2 RNa and 3 BNs, | apron teiplans, 6 Wings Having straight leading edge by Wings Having baek-swept leading ed Multimoter with two fuselages Multimotor witht one fusel 4 see plate a. | a Wings Naving stinight leading edge. See plate J Monomotor with one fuselage: |}, wings Having backeswept leading edge. Sre plate €.MULTIMOTORS WITH ONE FUSELAGE ow) WINGS wrk SIRAIGT LEADING E06E jh PLATE on eauonon GAZ er TAS ranoury rast favaioe? war ane WINGS wiTH BACK SWEPT LEADING E0GE } oe Ceacing ose Seo Lewin te[s et |e G £ Gir er Gil.MONOMOTORS WITH 1 FUSELAGE axevaroe wine =, srenanr-v cx ED0E co®,, | GE 1 oa aman = we) ELEVATOR wires WINGS WITH | back 5wepr| STPAIOHT LEADING |LEALING ECOE EDGE ‘ fam exciton : = | GE sew encouan a Zeaviia Eb0E le AL Q sema08 cn \ rcinron ranwovaaner (mene cgaree) | Bes wine @ ¢ Y | SS init Siaoe| | @) aipeeeycy-om # oy ae.MONOMOTORS WITH 1 FUSELAGE 6) wines with BACK SWEPT LEADING EDGE PLATE: © Ce ELEVATOR warts STRAIGHT LEADING EDOE HIEUFORT 1 8 23 c1 ADDU 260 free ree eLevaTor APT ereover 1a 22,14 02,1602 with BACK SWEPT, LEADING EOE BM _ rieuront 24 03, 27,01 ELEVATOR ware MY sr00 wa2, 16 a2 SeMMCIRCOLAR LEADING EDGE! AM, sumrien cov MD raserswory ELEVATOR with SPADE SHAPEEXAMPLE OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF AN ENEMY AIRPLANE Let us suppose au L. V. & G. ¥, which bad Imospherie conditions and high altitude may Leal to confusion ‘with the Nieuport ‘A rapid analysis of the charactoristies is noi sar, and the observer will proeoed as follows These two machines, being monomotors with one fuselage, ate classed in the 5th Division, Subdivision @) = Wings with straight leading edge analogi Plate B) gives For the L.V. GC. V. and (Front of the stabiliz ow shoped (The rear edges are however different = continuous curve for For the Nieuport 98 Ch: Lv for the Nieuport tent 2 The comparison of the ru For the L. YG. G. V.: Gompletely rounded radder (long oval Vor the Nienpuort 98 CL: Rudder ‘short oval 3 IF these dillerences are not clearly’ delined, the comparison ef the wing ends gives ‘Unequal wings: se tev; | Eraperoldal upper wings, with laterally overlapping ailerons For the L. V.G. CV + | qeapezoidal romded lower wings, uel quile so wide and shorter : large base of the wing forward Equal wings For the Nieiport a8 Cl. = Staggered, semi-cizeular rounded at the ends Finally by reterving to the detailed characteristics of the two airplanes, on pages 43 and 40, there will no Longer ny douCHAPTER I. MONOMOTORS WITHOUT FUSELAGE.FARMAN 40 A2 AND 41 A2 Fremet 1 Monomoton without fuselage Belgian Farman 40 42: Wings ‘Blnpedinage: “T” shape, Rudder: recta "Pail Booms: Rectangular (seen sideways,“ V" shaped assembly Nacolle ? Protruding and between the wings; twa pales of wheels spaced far apart and ia Line Propeller « Pusher ‘Motor Stationary Renaslt jrarmion 41-43" Simi choeacte-stes, withthe exception ofthe ap Span of lower wings equal 10 2/3 that of the upper wings, lange gap, teaperoilal, ‘Two pate of struts an valar, one entner hevetle off the greater art below and lo the rear of the trapezoidal iat of the uf the upper plane, whieh fs slightly Liss thanVOISIN 8 BN2 G 10 BN2 1 Manomotor without fuselage French ivan Empennae Nacelle ised'in Heiween the planes. Four wheels, af which two in front Propeller foter | Stabionary” fenanlt. Gun or Machine1 Monomotor without fuselase Britst F.E. 2b, 2d et F.E. 8 F.E. 2b, 26 FES Wings : Equal, Dihedral except central rote sections) ings : Trapezoidal. two pair of struts ‘Three pair ot stints om enelt side Reads Pen a Rudder! Oval, kidacy shaped! under the Blevator, sarimonn= ted by a triangular tin above elevator sup Dy the elev Elevator" ‘with fixed stabilizers Tectang Elevator : Teaprzoidal large base at rear (ved stabilizer all Boome : Reelangalar (seen sideways}, V shaped assembly ‘Tall Booms : Triangular, converging iowards the expen Necelle” Protuding Two wheels, and sometimes a suai | Tall Booms : Triangular, vonversi wheel In front ‘Propeller. Pisher. Motor Stationary Beardwore or Robs ttovee Motor : Rotary Monosonpape. Rudder = Pentagonal including drift Gs) erosset ball wayCHAPTER II. BI-MOTORS WITHOUT FUSELAGE.CAUDRON 4 A2 o* Himotors cithant foselage broneh ‘Tail Booms : Nearly two motors : Rolary Khon ‘Two propellers! TrnvtarsCHAPTER III. MULTIMOTORS WITH TWO FUSELAGES.CAPRONI 2 BN 2 Heatian $+ Aultinolor with vo Jaselaes Freeh a us ween the (wo fuselages In fuselage, two wheels Wings Two faselages of reetinzul Empennage : Three pentagonal rudd under the front of the ncelle Propellers : Two tractors, one pusher Motors: Three stationary Lsatta a trapezoidal, with ailerons slightly overlapping on both wings. ‘Three pair of struts on ly towats the tear. One nacelle inthe center perwidal clevalor. Two pair of wheels underCAPRONI 3 BN2 3° Multimotor with two fuselages Hatian each side of the motors Delween the two fuselages trapezoidal Klevator motor. No wheels smder the enelin, wo taetoes sind ome pusher Three Fiat motors,CAPRONI TRIPLANE S+Multimol ov with Wwo Faselages alia fo the motors Wings : Rqual, trapemidal, non staggered. Five pair of steuts on cach side farlin in the center between the two fuselages. Four ‘section thinning ally. One 10 md wo whee arin zonal rudders above a very lange trapezoidal Bloyator Three motors.CHAPTER IV. MULTIMOTORS WITH ONE FUSELAGE.je Muttimotor with one fuselage. CAUDRON 6 A2 A.= Wings with straight leading Frenel. CFR ca “Wings: Span of the lower wings equal (o 3/5 of the upper span, lower sing elied half that of the upper, which makes these wings appear very smal, Upper wings back staggered. T at struts and trasses on each side ‘Empeanage : Hudder of trapeciui shape wilh triangular vertical tin Fuselage : K Propellers : 1 Motors = Two rotary Riione 10 pair of wheels in inef° Muttimotor with one fuselage CAUDRON 11 A3 A. —Wings with straigit tending French edge. Wings : Nearly equal, trapezoidal, with evar ends slighlly ent ant, “Twwo pair of stants on each sido of the motors. Fuselage : OF circular section with groovings. thinning down vertically Empennage : Rudder Teaperinin shaped with teiangilar vertieal fi Elevator Trapeziutn shaped with ent-ont section. Two pair of wheels Propellers : Two tractors Motors | Two station4 Mattinotor with one fusctase. LETORD 1 A3 G 2 A3 Wings with straight leading French Wings : Lower space 5/6 of the span of the upper wings, IuL same chord, Wings back staggered, slightly teapesoidal. ‘Twn pair @ of stents on each sie of the motors, with inverted“ V" stnat abave the onter strats, Rudder : Traperoidal, with triangular vertical in Elevator : Trapezoidel Length of the airplane equal to 2/3 of the span Two pair of wheels in line and one wheel in Iron Propellers = Two tractors : Motors» Two stationary Hispanossniza1 siete ith oe fete HANDLEY - PAGE A. — Wings with stenight leading ge. Breit vs and wedge shaped in front. Two paie of wheels under each motor (old type) one side of te fuselage, oval sped on a seco type rape ‘upper ‘sings, trayedium shaped tm a second type Propelicrs : Ivo store Motora "fia stalonary Ree nowesFRIEDRICHSHAFEN G II : oa Uh one fuselage A. — Wings wit leading edge 1 without dihedral, movable planes with Ailerons Span of the lower wings slightly loss Uian the upper wing span. Central seeti and considerably lack swept. The wings are lwapezoidal ancl ext out to a geeal extent for the propeller space, othe rear. Two grup of steals on eich side of the motar exbanes, Very large, Mudder and vertical fa tlangular shaped with rounded edges, Blevator with tail plane, polygonal wings ined: ‘Emponnage shaped with rounded angles and ett out section. Fuselage : Of rectangular shape. Landiag chassis with wa wheels under each motor Propellers» Two pshiers ‘Motors: Two 295 HP Bens machine guns, ane in front and two al the rear, TheesA. — Wings with hack swept seading edge F Muttinoter with one Sosctase, EF RIEDRICHSHAFEN G. III Fuselage + OF rectangular shape Landing class is with Iwo wheels under ench motor andl one wheel i feo Wings : Fal with central fived section, to whieh are attached planes slightly back swept. Wings are trapezoidal. and consider ut for the propeller space. ‘Thvee pair af struts on each side of th cabanes. Empennage : Very large. udder and vertical fin tris round edges. ‘Trapezoidal elevator with ent ont seetion, polygonal shaped tail plane sr shaped with, Motors: Two abo HP heelapping the ‘Thre machine Front and to to thwith back swept German ow leading edge ff Maitimotor sith one suselage A.E.G. BI-MOTOR G oe Wings Lower wings nearly equal tothe upper wings raperidal and back swept; overlapping ailerons om upper wing. offal conaers, The wings curve: tuwazds ALBATROS D.V ALBATROS D.1IT ‘Wings : Nearly equal span, trapezoidal overlapping ailerons om the upper wings, lower wings with dihedral and smaller eliords non staggered ‘contrary to the Nieuport whichSis slnggered}, One pair “ V-” shaped steuts on each side. Fuselage : Thinning dowa to the rear horizontally with rounded haek and lower part. ‘Two wheels Rudder : Ovoid, bul the D. V. is deeper with rounded trailing edge. Elevator : Spade shaped. Propeller : Tractor with cap. Motor : Mercedes 175 IP. ‘Two stationary machine guns firing through the propellerbwin edge Wings halaneed ‘One pal Elevator Propell Motor ‘Two Spandau machine gans firing throng Monomotor «ith one pusetaxe PFALZ D. vf straight Leading Span of the lower wings much less than that of the upper wings, trapezoidal with rounded edges, staggered only on the npper plane. jr of struts on each side slanting up end out ining down to a great extent to the rear al in, spatula shaped, balanced, ‘Teapezoidal, rownded eilges, below the rudder ler : Tractor. Meneciles 160 HP. two pairs of wheels the propeller * Allerons,G Monomotor with one fuselage NIEUPORT (Old types) B.— Wings with straight loading French edge. ae “Wings : Span of the lower wings nearly equal to thst of the upper wings, upper wings without dihedral, lower wings with smalt said dihedral; staggored buck swept, slighty trapezoidal ‘Span mi al 1a the length of the aieplane Rudder : Large comma shape, situated for the greater part above the elevator Blevator ; Traperoidal, with eut out section, tn Might the tail appears reared up. Two wheels Motor : Rotary Rlione or Clerget, or stationary Hispano-Suiza Not to be mistaken lov : Parsnit Albatros D/THH and AgA.G.O.C. (Old and new 3 Monomotor with one fuselage. type) A.G.0. (01a type) With straight leading edge ‘Wings: Span of lower wings noarly equal to that of the upper’ ‘wings, dihedral on hoth upper and lower wings, without stagger With Same chon, not back swept, trapezoldal, with ailerons overlapping obliquely; two pairs of struts en each side. (It appears that ther’ axe also AGO's with ono pair of struts, Empennage and fuselage Similar to the Niewport, differing. ‘only in the chord of the lower wings, the lack of back sweep, and by the struts ‘Motor : Rotary Oberursel (Gnome), with eap. 8 AGO (New type) Wings with hack swept leading edges Wings : qual. slightly staggered narrowing tothe outer ges vars while heartheTuselage. Two pairs cf trats near the niger edge of the wings on eaelt side of the motor, ane suruton lu side near the luselage to the tear of the wides part of the ‘Rudder ; And vertical tin, oval Armament: Twa machine gins! ot whieh one Spandan dein invough the propeller aad one Pavabellum on rear turret.& Monomotor with one fuses. BREGUET 14A2 and 14 B2 Fepsch gs with back swept us ea Tena edge Enns. Motor Stationary Renault or Fil5° Monomotor wlth one fuselage. BREGUET 16 Bn2 ©. — Wings with back swept leading edge. Brench slightly ack staggered, trapezoidal, with ailerons tite Wo frat are Glose'to the fuselage ‘on the Breguet 1f Ba Landing chassis with two Wings : Nearly equal, upper wings with diltedval only, slight back sweep and Pp rand Rewer planes: “Three pair of stents on eack side of Tnidaing down vertically, with rounded back part but longer U Rudder : Rectangular, with large rounded vertical tin Elevator ; Halanced, trapezoidal, triangular tail plane with out se:tion. Propeller : Tractor ‘Motor Stationary’ Renault.5 Monomotor with one fuselage NIEUPORT 24 C.L and 27 C.L. ©. — Wings with back swe Trench leading edge. oe Wings : Nearly equal, rectangular; lower wings with Loss chord and with dihedmal; upper wings without dibedval but with back swept ailerons, staggered one pair of * V" struts on each side: Faselage : Ronnsled on the back part and sides, flat beneath, thinning ont vertically to the empennage, with proteading part hehind pilots lea Rudder : Balanced, 1 Elevator: Semi-ciseular with cut out section. Propeller = Trartor Motor : Rotary Rhone. Not to be mistaken for the pursuit Albatros D. IIf and D. ¥, or Ramptes th 1 Blevator, oval shape, extending beyond 1 (elevator) and the ag16 Nieuport with the Ago and Pialz5 Monomotor with one fuselage: SPAD 11 A2 & 16 A2 ee (. = Wings with back swept Ue leading edge eee ‘Wings : Nearly oqual, without dihedral, staggered, hack swept, restangular with rounded outer elges. Two pair of struts Rudder : “D" shiped, extending beyond the levator, triangular vertical Gn. Elevator : Semi cireular with out out section, tsiangular tail plane. Propeller : Tractor. Motor: Stationary Hispano-Sulza or Loreaine-Dietefel,= Wings with back swept German leading edge. 5+ Monomotor sith one fuseteee RUMPLER C.IV oe a Wings : Upper wings trapezoidal, lower wings with rounded edges, less chord and staggered back. Two pair of struts on exeh side Rudder : Far shaped wilh triangular vertical fin Elovator : Heart sapel Landing ohasaia: With » wheels Propeller ‘Tractor Motor : Stationary Mercedes 260 1 with honeycomb raiiator ot the wings ‘Two machine guns, one fring through the propeller and one on year turret luuncated, the top part following the ourve of thelupper feont partMonomotor fe tes HALBERSTADT D. a . — Wings with back swept loading cage Friedrichsbafe pursuit airplane (Rudder) Wings : Trapezoidal, upper wings hack swept, lower wings stoaight, shorter and with less chord. Fuselage : Rectangular section, with rounded twp part thinnin out horizontally towards the empennage Rudder + With rertical fin forming long oval shape. Elevator : Rectangular, (ail plane somicireulae loadin: edge Propeller : Tractor Friedrichshafen pursuit ainplane : the ia! in this booklet. [twill he deseritied on a supp mation that bs been obtained on this pane does not allow us to give a fall acount muentary leaflet at a Inter period.CLASSIFICATION BY NATIONALITIES AND BY ALPHABETIC ORDER FRENCH AIRPLANESENGLISH AIRPLANES Pages Pages Avmsteong Withworth, (a | De Movitland 4 and 5, 3 BLE. ao and ad and BK. sa : ay | Maxtingydes ss fo BE. ae oi eae ili gs | aes Ls 30 Bristol and Po an. ss ss : . go | Sum 5. BPs : 3 Bristol Fighter « Se | Scout Sopwith and Pursuit Sopwith 8 BE, ob, ad and F : 7 x | Triplace Sopwith « : 6 Manatey Page. - Sed idee ber 33 | Viekers Seout. « 9 ITALIAN AIRPLANES iptace Caproni wand xy | Mansiot Dax 5% Triplace Caproni | SEA... s BELGIUM AIRPLANES Farman fa and following nembers, wo | Mansiot Dorn % AMERICAN AIRPLANES 33 | Salmson 2Aa, os 1 Fighter : sf saa wet if a and a5 Ba mw | Spada, Caproni 2 Bua Spa 16 Aa, Sopwith 1A Voisin lina Handley Pog De Havilland & Nienport 98 CaGERMAN AIRPLANES The German ieplanes aro classttied as follows aeeuriling to thety intended! use G Pursuit and Artitlery Observation Planes D Fighting planes, G Bombing Planes. Albatros DS and D.Y. : Friedeichsliaten D_(pursnit “bo Triplace D Fokker : : ui Albatros C& AMhatros BFW GY and BIW OX Gotha. &. : AEG. hiemolor G. vy Halberstadt D \tiplace fighting, A.G.0.C. (old and new types! Hannovranes D DeW-CV : Lv.6. CY Friedrichstiaten bi:motor G.I isle D. Frfedriclshaten G.11. ‘ 23 | Rumpler €.1V :Wine iin ie FARMAN 13 B. N. 2 = _ Le = = \_ Tae | Winge. — Lower wings shorter than upper, slightly dihedral, rectangular with fremt comers rounded and rear comers, elfpped gh Rgetangutar balanced alferons.on upper wings only. Two pairs of vertical struts and one paie ut inclined strats on cach side of Fuselage of rectangular section projesting well in front ofthe wings aul fapernge verieally foward the year. One pair of wheels Rudder. — D shaped, balanced, w ent of" Stabilizer trapezendat shape ‘Propoliors. “two, tractor. hlotor I. very Long twongular vertical thn, Trapezotdal ee Iront gorners round ‘two Lorraine, wiih reetangular radiators above for, ent away for rudder, rear coeners torsSUPPLEMENT (duty 1918) Monomotor, with one fusclage. DE HAVILLAND 9 Engtish Wings, — oth wings same size, trapezuidal shape with rounded comers and ent away’ in rear at fuselage; pronounced diliedral, positive tagger, rectangular ailerons. wo pains of struts on each side of fuselage: ea hick, tapering vertically toward rear its rectangular vertical fin @ spatula shaped susiace. eed, farming wi udder, corners ronideds Propellor. — Traclon. — Motor B. HP. and others. levator trapezoidal shaped, cut away forSUPPLEMENT (duly (918) 5° Alonomotor, with one fuselage ee 1, Wings having, straight ce Tealing edges English SOPWITH CAMEL, SOPWITH DOLPHIN tet acaal e . — Upper anil lowon, same size, trapezoidal, corners ings. — Upper auc lower same size, traperoidal, corn sounded, prondunce positive Hugger, Upper wings cut away aed, poticaneel negative Stagger dihedral G per wang are eat SC ener, Lower winks only dine neck ‘out ihr fall width above the faselage. Rectangle ailerons. Two. Site file P of irate oneal Pasalage. “*Yeunded back, sles and bottom flat, tapering | Fuselage tapering vertically toward the rear, ack rounded, vertical ioward the rears ‘Two athe! Hat, tapering | fos and bottom ila, "Itadiators on sides of fuselage. Twa wheels Rudder "Dishapeds with teiengatay vertical fin which ig | | Budder. — D-shaped, balaneed, with D shaped fin, Flevator ronnie at the teont Elevator trapezoidal shaped, cul away | trapezoidal, eut away for rudder, cornces rounded. Fare rudder, sormers rounded Propellor. — Tracter ‘Propelicr. "tractor Motor. — Glenget rotary Motor. — illspano Suiea.SUPPLEMENT «a ty 1918) 5° Monomotor, with one fuselage. FOKKER D VII of B. Wings having straight Gen leading edges, Both, wings rectangular with ends slightly rounded. No sweephacl, per wings only, balanced and extend hevond nis af ee steuts formbig N shaped combtnation-on cach side Wings. — Unogual: Lower wings much at Bronoaneed posits Wings. eh of fieelage Fuselage. — Tapering toward rear and terminated by vertical rudder post. Two wheels hetwen whieh the vo exie Toynieva Titling suniace Rudder. — Comma shaped, belanced, but higher than that of former Fokkers, and overhany Elevator balanced, of a rounded shape extenting outside the inangular stabilize Propellor. — Tractor. — Motor fixed Mercedes 160 Il. P. Armament. — Two lixed machine guns firing throngh the propeller. er thas, apres gs wiry ihick at leading edge. Ra aterplane bracing wires w 19 wide streamlined if in front a triangular vertical tn. Bo not eoufise with the elevators af the Breguet: