LibreTexts” (het nae MATHEMATICS ose Lame” | [Q How can we help you? Hfoon Stone] # Hoe > IR Bohs > AR Geoery > BR Gem th nbn nC son Cimen) >) Horton ee 3.1: Basic Transformations of Complex Numbers 908 DSSS @ venom” We bag with darter ‘cen tno sas A ad B, function f A+ B scaled one-to-one or) whenever a; 4a nA, then f(a) 7 fle) B Te function fs called onto ‘fforany bin there exists an coment am A such that fa) —b. transformation ono ct Ae 2 uncian 7A» A thats anetoone andor. Felloving are two scherats of fancions Inthe estcase, fs A+B sora, bunt eneto-re, Inthe sca case, 9: A+ Bis eneto-ne, but rent. (4) & CF A B a B |AtransiomatonT of A hasan verse functor, TY, charectrzd by the pope that the compostions T-"oT\a)= and Toa) Inverse function sla waren of A and undoes” this sense For elements» and win A, 7-l(e) = Wand on fT In this secon, we develop te foowng dase tansfonatios of te plane wel as sone oft portant ese Consider the fe complex umber ad define the inten Te -€ by m0) uu) The ration eps us remeber that 2 the varie, ars & complex constant We wl rove that Ts barsfomato, but ths fect can lo be understood by suzy the uno. Each pot nthe plane gets moves bythe vio es sogested in the follwing degre, Fer irstance, the eign gets moved to te pont (Le T(0) =H), ane eer ther pant nthe plne ges move the same aunt ann the sere deton. "Rlows tat wo diferent pats, such sv and ein he dag, cant get rove tothe are rage pit (ths the uncbon sene-te-ore)- Aso any pant Inthe planes the image o sone ther pont ust ol the vor to re ts preeage” pit, ote func foro as el. \Wo now ofr a feral argument thatthe tarsaton Ts a tanfomaton Rec, bi 2 ued complxrumbec Trot etc ‘Teshow at nt let denote an atsory lament of . We must in complex oumber = such hat ni (8) 4 —w. Ths, Tot, That one-one: “ostom that Tw must show tht f=, # then Ti) # Ts) We cos by pong the ontaposte, Rca, the cortrapostne of a statement of ‘the fer f tu then Qtr" "IFQ la then Pi fa” Thage tarts are logy squalor which means we may prove on by proving he oer So, nthe present case, the cotrapetive of 2, # then Tx) # Tle)" BM Ts) ~ ia), then 2 ~ 2." Wena prove bs stekenent supper ee Wo compe numbers suo) Ua 154 +0. subocung rom ba es we eee > = ar cerplts the pret. =e b.Then ne: Let bbe an angle, ard cine Ry = C-+C by Ry) = ee ‘is trerfermatin causes pons inthe plane to tate abot te cn bythe ange #(F 8 >0 the aon scorecard <0 the rations doce) To ee thsi the cas, supose sre, and neti that 12) TW achive retation by angle @ about a. gener pont, serps inthe plane on a traci journey: Fst trate the planes thatthe cane of rotation, gosto the rg. The transi hat dos the treks. Than rotate ech oi by @ about he orig (Re). Then tarlate evry pont back ( 7,). Th squane of wares has the deed fet ad can be waked lon! a) 450 us) nother werd the deste relation isthe composton T, > Ry oT» and eu) “Tat the composton ofthese thre rnsforatons is sea tanstrmatn flows fe the nxt theorem, LT end S are two tarsfertions ofthe set A then the composton S's ako arson ofthe st A, Sipposek> Os rel punber. The tensformaton =) =A called 8 tation; sch map eer sets or tik pits the plane ong ays tenant rom the rg, deperdng on the ve fk Inde f= — x4 hen |=) ~ he 4 i anand 7s) are onthe amine ough th rg, b> 1 then 7 tetas pin any fom the ig 0-< k<1, hen 7 shirk pts over the xg, In eter case sich 2 mep icles ate, ‘vn complex consarts abt « #0 the map T(2) =a: +biscak a general near tranformation. ie show the follwing aretha such a maps Indeed 2 transformation of Corder tho gone nar transformation 73) = That Pt one = buherea, baron ¢ ad a0. We chow Tia taneorton ofc ofits, we slew Lew dee nny ert: We ms caleba 3) shoud wok (nes af 0, xf empl rambo. dod, Tw —2)) <0: [Mw] +6 Thus soi That bone. To shon that Tis +1 we show that €7() = 71) thn =. 1 nd ae to comple ruber sch that 7) = 71), then ai +b = ary +, By subctng bom Boh sds we se tht ass = a, then Avdng Dt ses by a (wtch we can do since 6 0), we se Dat == a, Ths Tis 1s wel as ot, ard we have proved i ransertion, ete the lotions, ator, and ansatons are al pail pes of general nertansormations, We ill often need to figure out how a rensformaton mores #colecton Of pots suche 8 rangle oa dk, As uch uel ec he eloving ott, wich uses the andar cometon in sat theory tata «A means the amen «a menbe ofthe st A ‘Suppose T: A+ A's atransfomaton ad D te subi of A. The lage of D, dented T(D), conse fal pins (2) sch that» D. in oter words, 10) (2) or some = Dp. 19) Ala orien, Ls need seston by b then resonable to expec that (1) as ne. one transates 8 ie nthe plane ought to keeps [near shape. Infact, nes are pesered ue any gent Inearwarsfermatien, 25 ae cles. ‘Suppose T's a genoa near transformation. 2. Tmapsines tones. bmp des to crees Pook, ‘he mage ofthe sk reds 22s pictures bel, ) We ill be terested in working wih varsfomatons tht preserve angles between sot caves planar curve fection ra,» € mapping an te fal nanbers eo he pe. Acurve smooth is eae ects ads nonzero at every po, Soppne my and sae two sath carves fC ta Intersect a pon, The angle Debs fe curves messes r or, WED we Gente Zr te pnt of tersctin. IS deined be the angle between the tangent nes at Aronsonration Tf C preserves angles at pont 2» Z(ri.s) = Z(TlrsT[r)) fo a smooth cues rand stat nese at, Atransermatin fC preserves angles ft presrves anges a llpoetsin C. A uasfomaticnT of C preserves angle mageitudes at ary pat in, [eAries)|—12CtVe)2 (rs) fora smooth carves, and ry intersecting te po. evel near varferitiens reser nes. Proof Thon, Aly ta) = a0 (19) ‘Sree general nae warformatons pose lines TL, sth in reugh (sy) and 73) fo é— 1,2 anit fens at “Thus T preserves anges [fied point of uasfomaton T: A+ Asan cement nthe st 4 such that Ta) =a 160, the tanoion 73 of © hes no fed pints. Rotators of Cand loons of € hove ange cd pon, nd the gene near onsforratan Ts) — as +b sone ed pita ng a1 ofa sie pit seve soath 10) for: Frinstanee the hed pant ofthe tansformationT(2)=2: + (4~ fof sample 3.68 found by cing = = 25+ 4 f for 2 which yaks == 44 9, ne temap | “+ (4) mows the dsk Din the earpeto the disk T(D), the pint 4+ Rapp stays wheres ‘A ucidean trometry sa transformation T'ofC withthe fete tha 72) — Tu) = sw fer ny pots «end win C. Tha «Euan metry ‘reer the furan dence beter bo for. ee 12s parhaps car tat warsiator, whch move each porn the plane y he same aunt the same econ, ought tobe amet. Raat ae aso Isomers. Infact the general ier trensformaton 72) = = + wl bea Eucean amet solog 2s so IM(2)~ Tw) can amet. Retecton about alin ste wanfomaton of defined allows Each pit on gs sent tos, and = 1s noon gets sent othe pat = ich {tne the perpen Becton of eagment elton abouts dais aletraealy as folows. I happens to be the eal asthe z ein) For any oar ne Le may areata formula fr reeton by otaing andr tansat the ne tothe elas, then tak the conker then eversing the rotation andor anit fete. or fan sr y= +808 my ary, ty Tf st a ty, ty ern nt engin Siping (end noting that 2" =i), thereon bout the Ine y= 2+ has foals eG) = 548 au) In general eft across ay ine Ln wl have the form nieyaeteeo us) for sme angle ar some comple cont ‘elton re mre bas transformations than lat ad anlatonsn that he ater are inp crf compotion of efectos ‘A ralaion of Cs the compasiton of reflections about two paral nes. rotation of abou apt the campostion of relecons about wo hes that tnterect at, Note fom Fre 3.1.18) tat a ~ st equ to 2. Thus (r)) == +b is trenatin by & otaton about the pots by ale @ canbe achieve by two reflections The fist ection abot the re ough =» paral tothe reel ani end the ‘cond reflection fsaboutthe ne 1 hanes [et at an are of 8/2, sn Faure 3.1.1). I the execs ye wil rove that this composton of ‘fictions dos ndees ge the dest tat, owe.11: (2) Tansatons nb) tars are canpastins of eltns (epg or va uc) Wo lt some slomortary fotre of reflections in the fling theoran We d rot prove thom her but encourage ou to work hough the deta Wo wil ons ur fertsin the flovig sect on provirg anlogous features for Iverson transformations, which are reflections bout ees. elation across ne a Eudean sos, Morava any reflection snd Inst ines sed ccs ta ces, ad presen ange magnuces 1 fat ane can Saw that any Eucidean omer canbe euros asthe compen of at meat thee rfacton, Se, for stance, Sllaal 10} prea of iteee ‘ny Elden som the cmpestion oat mest te reflections. bisa Saas re ‘Show that he general nee nsfoationT: {eloned by a tariaion +, were a and bre complex conta the compton of retain flowed by a lation, Prove tat «general near transfonraton maps ccs oor Sippose is aretaton by 30° about the pir 2 ar sa tation by 45° about the pot. Whats Po? Can yu sete this wanforaton ‘eometreay? 4 and S\s) = 2-42. Find Te 8 What typeof tansfoaton this? Fd forma fora ranean ofthat maps the open dk D yout of vo fleet ene hat work? Fd ford fr reflection abut the vet ine « — k Fd a forma for relecson aout the hercort ne yk. Find a formula for reflection in the plane about the line y = mx +b, where m #0, Prove that be construction in igure 3.1.1(0) determines the deste rotten ‘S{e) = salaton abot te origin Fi an equation fr lt of Cy factor bate an bivary pt sin 2} tothe open disk DF 12-4] © 5). this tansormation unque or can “Wispage tet 31: sk Torfooinse Conpex ns she dea CBA 0 ee was ore, eid andr carat y Mos ean in ats ont ht etd he spe ar andra he tos pats aden that ae fen ot astvatcletantir Ores Oo ‘Tho Ube: Povey NICE han Exar and ae spr by he Dapanet of Ectn Ope Teta it Pj ha UC Dav eso he rv bavi, he alo Sta Usetsty Ace eating Saito Pagan nf Mes Ve ds acon evs Ninel ere Foun supa et Qk bors 124612, 152557, an 4173, Lgl sly Sent Fer mre aratn contacts a Oesetas.