Conprisht © 1991 ASM International All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrievat system, or transmitted. in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, with the prior written permission of the publisher. Nothing contained in this book is to be construed as a grant of any right of ‘manufacture, sale, or use in connection with any method, process, apparatus, product, or composition, whether or not covered by letters patent or registered trademark, nor as a defense against liability for the infringement of letters patent or registered trademark Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-055574 ISBN : 0-87170-428-5 SAN: 204-7586 Production coordination by Veronica Flint, ASM International PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,Contents Alionlnum-BasoAlloyswsanenenraar sean 1-42 ‘Cobalt-Base Alloys GeidticeriAligye exw aren covey Meer yer eure 137 - 140 Magnesium-Base Alloys ...................... 141 - 144 Nickel-Base Alloys ..... Re Eee re ST 145 - 270 Niobium-Base Alloys... 20.50. sss ceeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeees QM = 276 Plutonium-Base Alloys .......... eee. 277-288 Silver-Base Alloys ............................00. so see. 289 = 294 Titanium-Base Alloys ..... paca a eae a Bi A ate anita tO EOD Uranium-Base Alloys... 0... é : 2... 403 = 434 Zine-Base AMOS... 6.60.62. ce cc eeee ee eee ee eees 435 - 446 -Zirconium-Base Alloys ....................5 447 - 454 Amorphous Metals ............. ‘ sus. 455 - 468 Intermetallic Compounds ..... 0... 469 - 474Table of Contents ALUMINUM-BASE ALLOYS Aluminum-Lithium Alloys AL- 46 Li eee sane 2 + ri » a ‘AL 27% Gu “16H Li 0.00% dr 008% Fe 008K Si OORT 10 AL i28 (0 8) Mes Aluminum-Zine Alloys 2024 Alloy. 2036 Alloy ~ 2219 Alloy 6007 Alloy ‘AL 0.81% Mg -~ 1.18% Si - 0.14% Cr - 0.00% Zr - 0.14% Mn - 0.99% Fe - 0.02% Cu I SRT eee gee 18 6010 Alloy 6 6061 Alloys ‘Al - 0.55% Mg - 0.68% Si - 0.01% Cr - 0.014% Mn - 0.11% Fe - 0.086% Cu - 0.01% Ti - 0.002% B ‘Lz 098% Mg - 0.68% Si - 0.19% Cr - 0.13% Mn - 0.58% Pe - 0.2896 Cu - 0.07% Zn = 6063 Alloy ‘AL_- 060% Mg - 0.809 Si - 0.029% Mn - 0.16% Fe - 0.01% Zn - 0.02% Ti. 6205 Alloy ‘AL = 0.3% Mg_- 0.70% Si - 0.12% Cr - 0.109% Zr ~ 0.11% Mn - 0.136% Fe - 0.00% Zn - 0.01% TI... 18, A-U4G Alloy ‘AL 4089 Cu - 0.729 Mg - 0.62% Mn - 0.60% $i 0.27% Pe 0.08% 7 A-U4SG Alloy 6351 Alloy . 7075 Alloy O17 Alloy 8090 Alloy Al-Zr-Mg Alloy‘AL 484% Cu - 1.48% Mg - 0.82% Mn - 0.029% $i - 0.49% Fe 0 ‘N= 408K Ca - 0.000% Mg - 0.08% Mn - 0.008% 6 - 0.000% Fe Seaman See 40, Co-Cr Alloy ‘Co = 20% Cr Co-W Alloy ‘Co = 25% W Co-5W-0.23C Alloy Co ~ 4.69% W - 0.23% ©. Co-10W-0.49C Alloy Co 8.38% W - 0.40% C Co-10W-0.75C Alloy Co - 987% W 0.78% 6 «7 Co-15W-0.71C Alloy Co- M10% We O7IKC etree 42 Co-Cr-Ti-Alloys : ‘Co = 18.0% Gr = 5.0% Ti 5.0% Mo = Go= 17.0% Cr- 44% Ti- 3.0% Mo - COIBKC 5 z Go= 16.0% Cr - 6.0% Ti- 8.0% Mo = COOK C - Go LS Gr 44% Ti 3.08 Mo z Wrought Cobalt-Base Alloy (Co = 20.296 Cr - 15.686 Ni- 14.8% W 1.2% 7 - 0.59 E Co-Cr-Mo-C Investment-Cast Implant Alloy Co-W Heat-Resisting Alloy Co = 259% W = 10% Ti - 0.5% Zr - 9.0% Cr OS%C 22. 5 Haynes Alloy No. 188, Cobalt-Base Superalloy (Co = 20-24% Cr = 20-2495 Ni- 13-16% W = 0.08-0.15% C - 0.09-0.159% La = 0:20-060% §i = up to 8% Pe up io 136% Ma a os L-605, Cobalt-Base Superalloys Go = 20.0% Cr 14.84% W - 104Co-Fe Alloys Fe 28% Al 12-169 Ni - SK Gy - 24% Co. COPPER-BASE ALLOYS Copper-Aluminum Alloys Sue taeh AL oot FeRPERSSRSESPE Cusi8S1% AL suseterreeseess a 18S AL a8 2.58% Sa z ene os Cu = 11.58% Al- 001% Fe Gus 114% Al- traces Fe = 242% Za 101 =ALO% Al 003 5 m Copyrighted mCu= 12.4% AL ASTM B148-954 Alloy Cu ~ 10.50% AL~ 41% Fe eee Aluminum-Bronze Ailey 5 = 5.60% Fe = 0, r mere Beryllium-Bronze Alloy Gu = 5.965% Be - trace Fe 19 Copper-Beryllium Alloys Copper-Gallium Alloy (Cu = 28.7 ab % Gs a3 Copper-Indium Alloys ‘Gu = 34.36% In Copper-Antimony Alloy Gu = 205% Sb. a8 Copper-Silicon Alloy Gu 836% Si 28 -Copper-Tin Alloys Gu-825% Sn. nr a= 18.6% Sn i z 2 = Copper-Zinc Alloys Gu = O.5% Zn ees a0 Gu= 41.6% Zn i 130 Gu 48.0% Zn oes 181 aden a Se CE eae Gu 908% Zn aes 138 Gu 99.5% Zn a8Copper-Gold-Zinc Alloys Gu ~ $9.9% Zn - 4.296 AU. = 40.1% Zn - 9.3% Au... Copper-Zinc-Aluminum Alloys Gu - 27.4% Zn - 8.22% Al = wa Zn- 24% Al | GOLD-BASE ALLOYS Au-Co Alloy ‘Au - 4.8 at.% Co. 12 MAGNESIUM-BASE ALLOYS Magnesium-Manganese Alloy Mg - LESS Ma... ua Magnesium-Thorium Alloy Mg- 51TH... us Magnsalum:Zine Alloys Mg - 52% Zn Mg- 58% Zn ° NICKEL-BASE ALLOYS Nickel-Indium Alloys Ni 82 0. $6 In. uz Nickel-Titanium Alloys Ni- 122 af. 9 Ti - <0.02 af. Al- <10 ppm B - 0.02 wt. Si - 0.08 wt.% Fe - 01-002 wE.% C - <0.01 wi.X Co ~ 0.005 wt.% Mn - <.001 wt.% Mg - <0.001 wt % Cu ua Nid a Ti : Be Seiko uo Nickel-Tengaten Alloys 4555 W 7 45% W - 108% Co | Nickel-Aluminum-Molybdenum Alloy Ni~ 029% Al 14.4% Mo- 8.1% W-Q08%C ........ . en ctr IN-100 Ni - 017% C - 10.80% Cr - 14.80% Co - 2.40% Mo - 4.72% Ti 79% Al - 0.016% B - 0.076% Zr - 0.99% V Ni - 0.17% 6 ~ 10.808 Or - 16.00% Co - 2.008% Mo - 4.08% 71 58M Al - 0.018% B - 0.082% Zr - 0.04% V Ni~ 18% Co ~ 109% Cr - £89 Al - 47% Ti - a3 Mo - 9.05% V. i = D188 - 14.285 Co - 10.28% Cx 2.07% Mo -E.A8% Ti 6.9% Al 0.30% Fe - 0.92% V- 0.012% B - 0.08% Zr... LN-100 Nb-modified (PM) = 110% Cr - 177K Co - $3% Mo - 5.2% Al. 4.2% Ti - LAX Nb - D024 B 0.06% Zr - 9.00% .. 288 LN-100 Nb-modified (CE) = 121K Cr ~ 17.4% Co - 825% Mo - 5.9% Al - 4.4% Ti - 1.5% Nb - 0.028% B - 0.06% 2+ 008%C .. 288 B.1900 = 0.10% C - 1.96% Cr - 9.70% Co - £.89% Mo - 1.08% Ti - 6.06% AI- aise 0.084% Zr - 425% Ta... : ~ 0.109% C = £.25% Cr - 9.508% Co - 5.80% Mo 107% Eaaeal nae DLink aie tee = 10% Co ~ 8% Cr - 6% Mo ~ Of Al~ 435 Ta - 186 TH+ C4Ze4B eo. xiiiInconel 702 Ni - 0.088 C ~ 0.0% Ti - $286 Al - 15.5% Cr~ LO% max Fe. Udimet-700 1Ni - Q.08%% C - 15.0% Cr - 18.6% Co - 6.2% Mo - 8.59% Ti - 4.9% Al 0.020% B Ni - 0.079% C ~ 16.10% Cr - 18.30% Co ~ 5.88% Mo - 834% Ti - 4.20% Al - 0.024% B Rene’ 80 Ni - 14% Cr - 9.6% Co - 495 Mo ~ 496 W- 58 Ti - $% Al Rene’ 41 i = 19.81% Cr - 10.8296 Co - 9.77% Mo - 2.949% Fe - 8.289 Ti - 1.51% Al - 0.008% B 0.089% C= 0.50% Fe ~ 12.00% Cr - 11.00% Co - 9.25% Mo - 3.16% 7 - 1.50% Al - 2.003% B 0.08% C = 18.8195 Cr - 10.8296 Co - 9.77% Mo ~ $285 Ti - 151% Al - 0.006% B - 2.94% Fe Unitemp AF2-1D Ni - 0.35% C ~ 11.92% Cr - 14.0595 Co ~ 4.94% Mo - 487% W - 2.02% Ti - 4.009% AI - 9.0189% B 0108 Ze - 1.69 To B pestle oath fo - 04S Ti - 4.0% Ai 4.9955 Ni Ni 0.83% C- 198% Cr - 14.20% Go ~ 014% B- 10% Zr - 140% Te Inco 713C (0.129% C - 18.25% Cr - 4.28% Mo - 0.81% Ti - 6.40% Al - 0.009% B - 0.05% Zr - 2.60% Nb MAR-M200 Ni - 0.14% C - 9519 Cr - 10.8% Co - 2.0686 TI 0.048% Zr ~ 0.99% Nb. MAR-M246 ; BK © a0 Or 100K Co - 2509 Me = LEAN - LAOS AL - 1.0K W - bio 8 08% Zr LEM To : TRW-NASA IVY Ni Q103% C= EABM Ce 4.42% Co = 2043 Mo - LOM T= L263 Al -E.20% W - (0.028% B - 039% Zr - 8.17% Ta - 0.80% Nb - 201% Hf - 0.90% Re 5.05% Al - 12.15% W - 0.010% B - TRW-NASA VIA Ni - 0.189% C - 6.039% Cr - 7.10% Co - 2.24% Mo - 0.085 Ti - 526% Al - 5.78% W- DLO1B% B - 0.12% Ze - 8.51% Ta - 0.54% Nb - 0.45% MI - 057% Re Ni O40% C- 02% Cr- 2.0% Mo 11% TI -E27% Al 240% Co - 0.28% H- A.9T% Ta - £.92% W - 0.51% Re - 010% Zr - 0.020% B- 047% Nb Inconel 718 Ni - 0.08% C - 18.869 Or - 2.999% Mo - 0.98% Ti - 0.57% Al - 5.25% Nb - 17.48% Fe Fe. 60% Ni- Q06% C- 10% Ti .TR Al - 100% Cr 9.0% Mo - L8% Nb+Ts- 9.000% B - 0.09% Zr - 0.2% Mn - 05% 51. is Fe - 52% Ni- 19% Cr - 88 Mo - 5% Nb+Ta - 0.8% Ti - 0.68 Al - 005% 0 Ni - 18.49% Gr ~ 16.79% Fe - 5.07% Nb+Ta - 3.113% Mo - 0.95% Ti - 0.61% Al - 030% Si- 0.28% Mn - 0.05% Cu - 0.04% C ~ 0.011% P - 0.007% $ - 20025% B Ni - 19% Cr~ 18% Fe - 5% Nb ~ 2 Mo ~ 0.185 Si - 0.10% Cu - 0.20% Nin - 103% Ti - 04% Al 0.04% C - an7% $ Fe - §3.0% Ni ~ 18.0% Cr - $.00% Mo - {24% Nb+Ta- LOX Ti ~ cso Al ans C- iste § aod B bens eo = 0.04% C - 0.20% Mn - 0.30% Si- 18.654 Cr - 3.1% Mo - §.05 Nb - 18.6% Fe - aati 04% Ai 110% Cr - 19.5% Fe - 2.969% Mo ~ 20% Al- 518% Nb... LBGOM Cr - 21% Pe - 2.85% Mo - 0725 Ti - 0.69% ABOT% Cr - 17% Fo 18.90% Cr - 16.45 = 0.90% Ti 52.5% Ni - 0.04% C - 19.0% Cr ~ 0.90% Ti - 0.50% Al- 0.005% Pe - G98 max ©-038% max Mn- 08% max > QOIS ms 112-2198 Cr - 1.0% max Co- 2808.08 Mo = 47-5 50% N 30% max Cu $00.85 Nit Co O.000% max B Ne TraaK Fein gs Gr 090% 72 a0% hs < eis Go uaa Mn = 04% C= 00064 9 0.01% FD ITH Si Ni- 0.95% Ti - 0488 Al - 5.203 Nb - 18.28% Pe - 2.05% Mo - 18 009% Cr - D081% 0 | 2.008% B - 0.001% Me Ni- 1.349% Ti - 0.68% Ai - 5.28% Nb + 18.508 Fe - 3.059% Mo - 17.80% Cr - 0.028% C - 0.004% B- QOOIK Me... N Nie BER E BBEBBEE BB 161 - 162 163 164 BE 3-201 xiv[Ni - 0.9096 Ti - 0.68% Al - 4.329% Nb - 18.80% Pe - $025 Mo - 18.15% Cr - LaSI% C- 9.005% B - 0.004% Mg. _ 208 Ni 0.969% Ti - 0.87% Ai $4296 Nb ~ 18.0086 Fe - $25 Mo - 17.80% Cr ~ 0.081% C= 000% B = 001% Me 208 ~ 17 8-19.1% Fe - 0.08:0,05% C- 0.21-1.12% Si - aeaieak or 0:06 Me TisitaNerrs “ove toe -Oae oem Al 208 : 210 per) 212, 216 0.06% 81 - 0.023 C - 0.001% B - 0068 $ - 0.002% P- <0.01% Cu. Ni <0.05% Fe - <005% Co - $.023% Mo - £.14% Nb+Ta - 0.93% Ti 0.559% Al - 0.04% Mn — 8% 8 Gos C- O0cM 8 008% 8 00% F- anes 433 Uranium-Chromivm-Molybdenum Alloys U- 0.26 at. Cr- 0.6 at. Me as U-0.8% Cr- 08% Mo 435 Uranium-Niobium-Molybdenum Alloys U- 0.8% Nb - 05% Mo a6 U- 8% Mo - 1.6% Nb 477-429 Ul BR Mo -3%ND aarcans Uranium-Molybdenum-Platinum Alloy U-8%Mo-1%Pt.... boeeeteees 428-430 Uranium-Molybdenum-Titanium Alloys U- 8% Mo- 05% TI... a1 U 8% Mo -1% Ts 431 Uranivm-Niobium-Platinum Alloy U = 1.589% af. 56 Nb - 0.95 at. Pe 43s ZINC-BASE ALLOYS Zinc-Aluminum Alloys ‘Zn - 225% Al 437 Zn - 228% Al 438 Zn- 22% Al 439 Zn 22% Al 440 Zn 22% Al- O.18% Mg -0.5% Cu | a Zn= 22% Al 40 Zn - 22% Al- 0.18% Mg - 0.8% Cu Zn - 28% Al- 0.92% Cu - 0.084% Ma - 0.026% Ca Zn = 18% Al- 0.87% Cu - 0.037% Mg - 0.024% Ca... Zn = 28% Al - 0.92% Cu ~ 0.034% Mg - 0.026% Ca Zinc-Nickel Alloy Zn 48.7% Ni : a5 ZIRCONIUM-BASE ALLOYS Zirconium-Molybdenum Alloys r- 13% Mo. % Zr 3.3% Mo Zr - 6.4% Mo Br 78% MoZirconium-Uranium Alloys Zr~ 8.85% U. ‘ secs ABL Be 13% U 4s Br 143% U “5 21 207% U 453 Zirconium-Uranium-Hydrogen Alloy ‘Ze 0.62% H - 0.0875% 0 - 0.008% N - 0.0000% Fe - 0.00489 Si - 0.00525 Al -0.0025% Mn. 454 AMORPHOUS METALS Copper-Cadmium Alloy Sugg Cdgg «+ _ 487 Copper-Zirconium Alloy eug0%40 «= asr Iron-Boron Alloys PegoB:0 anon cece ASE Nickel-Titanium Alloy NigsThis 489 Niobium-Silicon Alloy NbgoSitg =~ 460 Palladium-NickelSilicon Alloys PazoNinoSi20 480 PasoNisoSiz0 461-462 PagsNigosiis - fer Palladium Silicon Alloys PagoSing 403, 408 Pdg2Sio.18 464 Palladium Silicor-Copper Alloy Pedy.778Si9.165%%0.06 14 Iron-Phosphorus-Carbon Alloy FepoPisCr cece 8-40 Cobalt-Silicon-Boron Alloy Cors8iisBi0 - 465 Nickel-Silicon-Boron Alloy NirsSieBy7 ass Salo! . ast SiO, Silica 4s Salol-Like Material 465 INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. Cobalt-Platinum Alloy CoP ts (24.9 at. Co) an Iron-Aluminum Alloys FeyAl anan Nickel-Molybienum Atloys Ni- 20% Mo . an Nigto %Aluminum-Base AlloysAtlas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Lithium Alloy ‘Compesition: Al - 4% Li ‘Treatment: Alloys centaining 4.0% lithium were prepared by ‘melting superpurity aluminum and 99.99% lithium under argon nan induction furnace. The chillcast ingots were extruded, hhomogenited, and cold relled to 1.25 mm strip. All so'ation- treatments were carried out at 580°C (1076°F) under argon, followed by a quench into water at 20°C (68°F) an _ ee i i 00 5 q te gu 7 9 & Pg a e oe 00 B gee \ ~~) ik a —, cess rane 3 é a mf 5 2a 8 z 5 2 7 390 04 1 10 1 1 108 ‘TIME FOR 50% TRANSFORMATION, min ‘Tiree-temperature precipitation diagram delte = AILi delts prime = AlgLi SOURCE: B. Noble, G.E. Thompson, "Precipitation Characteristics of Aluminium-Lithium Alloy," Metal Science Journal, Vol 6, A971, pp 114-1204 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy Comporition: Al- 125 (at.%) Mx AGING TIME, + ‘Time-tempersture-precipitation diagram ‘Times required (o attain s certain stage of precipitation, as function of aging-temperature ime to attain an initial energy increase of 2 k3/kg”? eto finish all of energy inctense SOURCE: R, Notato, 8. Ishihara, "Calorimetric Study of Precipitation Process in Al-Mg Alloys” Trans. Japan Institute of Metals, Vol 21, No. 9, September 1980, pp 510-588Atlas of Ime-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Zine Alloys Comporition: Al = 21.6 at.5 Zn ‘Treatment: Specimens were homogenized in air at 400°C (752PF) for approx. $0 min and then quenched inte a water or oil bath located directly beneath the homogenization furnace. Isothermal aging was accomplished in a silicone oil bath controlled to with 1° over the temperature range 50 to 240°C (323 to 461°F). Room temperature aging was carried out in an inaulated oil bath and a 0°C (33°F) aging treatment was dene in an alcohol bath tenrsersed in a slurry of fee and water 300 T v T v T fonorector Line 250 + ‘Temperature, °C B 8 8 gol 190 aot ao? 00! 108 Log, t, min ‘Time-temperature-precipitation diagram ‘TPT curve for discontinuous precipitation X = fraction transformed (i.e. 0.05 = B%, 0.50 = 60, 0.95 = 95%) L = 10<10°S cm, average intercept distance (measure of the grain size) SOURCE: UX. Malhotra, KB. Rundman, “Discontinuous Precipitation in Aluminum-Base Zinc Alloys,” Met. Trans. Vol $, June 3072, 1521-1578Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Zine Alloys Composition: Al= 22 ab % Zn ~ 0. at. % Son ‘Treatment: Specimens were homogenized in air at 400°C (52°F) for approx. $0 min and then quenched into water ot til bath located dirvetly beneath the homogeniaation furnace. Taothermal aging was accomplished in llicone ol bath controled to with 1° over the temperature range 60 0 240°C (122 to 464°F). Room temperature aging wan cried out in an ingulated oil bath and #0°C (32°F) aging trestment was done in 'an alcohol bath immersed in a slury of ce and water my T T T TT T T T footer Terence a o Onn 7 g 1D A-DeSH 20 g X02 7 2 44 gs i. 4 3 AN le Qs, + 6 SONG sob OLR, 4 “aA, oF ~o> DM, Ly Mee 1 i 1 at Li i 1 4 ao 1 2 5 4 5 6 7? Log, in ‘Time-tompersture-precipitation diagram ‘TTT curve for discontinuous precipitation of the cellular alpha + beta phases in water quenched and aged alloys for a volume fraction transformed of: X= 20% = 10x10" em, average intercept distance (measure of the grain sie) SOURCE: UK. Malhotra, KB. Rundman, " 4972, 1931-1828 continuous Precipitation in luminum-Base Zine Alloys," Met. Trane. Vol 3, JuneAlias of Tme-Tenperature Diagrams Aluminum-Zinc Alloys Composition: Al - 22.6 af.9 Zn ~ 0.1 at.% Mg ‘Treatment: Hot rolled to a thickness of 0.917 em and then cold rolled to afinal thiexness of 0.0061 em. Polycrystalline specimens 1.02 x 12.7 em were cut from the center of the cold rolled material, homogenized within S° at 400°C (752°F) for 1 b, and quenched into an ice bath directly below the furnace. All itothermal heat trestmente were made af 75, 109, 125, 150, ard 175°C (164, 212, 267, 392, and 347°F) in asilicone ol bath contrelled to within 1° 300 200 100 Temperature sober oo 8 wo ft 0 we oF of Io Time (min) ‘Time-temperature-precipitation diagram = the horigontal lined area represents the TTT diagram for the cellular alpha + beta transformation in the binary Al-22 at.% Za alloy the tolid C-curves represent the TTT diagram for the formation of the beta phase In the Al-z2 at.96Zi 0.1 at.% Mg alloy “ihe siraight lines eating acroes both of the TTT diagrams represent jtowavelength plots SOURCE: TL, Bartel, K.B. Rundman, "Deccmporition in Al-Zn Alloys: Part 1. Isothermal Decomposition in an Al-22 At. Pet Zn-0.1 At. Pct Mg Alloy,” Met, Trans. A, Vol 6A, October 1975, pp 1887-1803Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Manganese Alloys Al ~ 0.9% Mn 0.35% Fe - 0.04% cast AIM alloy exhibiting a uniform structure with a secondary dendrite spacing Heat treatment: Material annealed to 870°C (1058°R) for 6 h, resulting in a resistivity drop of 28%, or about 0.6% Mn in solid solution, then reducad 859% at room tempernture, and 450 400 ‘Time-temperature recrystallization and precipitation diagrams Shaded regi Solid line = range for recrystallirati tart of decomposition of the supersaturated Al-Mn matrix Composition: Al ~ 0.9% Mn - 0.35% Fe - 004% Si ‘A-commercally strip-cast An alloy exhibiting a uniform Frimary particle stricture with aaecondary dendrite spacing fimilar to that reported by Morits and Ostermann * Heat treatment: Material annealed at 670°C (1058°F) for 4h, then cooled to 520°C: (O88°R) at a rate of about 100°C (212°F)/h and kept at this temperature for 17 . This gave a reduction in ratty of about 31% ors manganese ‘concentration in solution of sbout 0.4%. The material was then feduced 86% at room temperature and rerystallned st different temperatures and times 38 sso} g ‘TEMPERATURE, °C 10? 10! 10? TIME, min ‘Time-temperature recrystallization and precipitation diagrams Shaded region = range for recrystallisation Solid line = atart of decomposition of the supersaturated Al-Mn matrix ‘+ "The Effective and Economic use of the Special Characieristics of Aluminium and its Alloys,” The Institute of Metals, London 1072, p 54 SOURCE: B. Nes, "The Concept of » "Grain Site Diagram” in the Analysia of the Recrystallization Behaviour of AIMn Alloys,” ‘Aluminium, Vol 82, No. 9, September 1976, pp 560-803Atlas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams ‘Aluminum-Manganese Alloys Composition: Al - 0.0% Mn - 0.88% Fe - 0.04% Si A-commercially strip-cest AIM alloy exhi imilar to that reported by Morite and Ostermann * Haat trentment: Material annealed at 670° (1058°F) for 6h, then cooled at a rate of about 100°C (212°F)/h to 450°C (042°) and kept at this temperature for an additional period of ATh. The resulting decrease in resistivity was 36%, of about (0.3% Mn in solid schution. ‘The material wae then reduced 85% At room temperature, and recrystallized at different femperatures and times ab 1 TTT T 2 goo] LL. A g if 5 sso} pil | 8 soo}: Ly 5 os kiijyyr THs. Fal PL Sc) oF 1 ok ro se i ‘+ "The Effective and Economic ute of the Special Characteristics of Aluminium and ite Alloys,” The Institute of Metals, London 1972, p 54 ‘Time-temperature recrystallization and precipitation diagrams ‘Shaded region = range for recrystallication Solid line = start of decomposition of the supersaturated Al-Mn matrix SOURCE: E. Nes, "The Concept of 2 “Grain Size Diagram” in the Analysis of the Recrystalliation Behaviour of AlMn Alloys,” ‘Aluminium, Yet 82, No. 8, September 1970, pp 500-50310 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum-Lithium Alloys 0.09% Zr - 0.08% Fe - ‘Treatment: Panels of the 3.5 mm thick section were taken from, the midthickness of the plate and solution treated at 550°C. (1022°F) for 80 min in molten metal, then transferred to molten ‘metal baths operating at either 509, 480, 400, $80 or 300°C. (882, 842, 752, 962, or 972°F) for simet ranging to 10,000. ‘They were then quenched in cold water 600 500 400 ‘TEMPERATURE, °C ‘Time-temperature-precipitation diagram AlsCuLi Tp = AlCugli SOURCE: 4.7. Staley, R.D. Doherty, “Quench Sensitivity of an Al-Cu-Li Alloy Plate,” proceedings of the Sth Intemational Aluminum-Lithium Conference, Wiliamuburg VA, 27-31 March 1989, Aluminum-Lithium Alloys, TH. Sanders, Jr, E.A. Starke, Je.,eds., Materials and Component Engineering Publications Ltd., 1989, pp 348-384Atigs of Time-Temperature Diagrams " Aluminum-Lithium Alloys ition: Al - 2.7% Cu - 1.6% Li - 0.00% Zr - 0.08% Fe 0.0% Ti ‘Trestmest: Panel ofthe 3.5 mm thick section were taken from the midthickness ofthe plate and solution treated at 853°C (10229R) for 20 min in molten mata then tranaferred to molten ‘metal baths operating a either 500, 450, 400, 60 or S00°C (932, 842, 783, 002, oF 672°F) fr timen ranging to 10,0006. "They were then quenched in cold water 3.3 8 ‘TEMPERATURE, °C 1 1 10 100 100010000, ISOTHERMAL HOLD TIME, « ‘Time-temperature-property diagram ‘Slow aging, temperature plus time for maximum properties - toughness and strength SOURCE: 3-7. Staley, RD. Doherty, “Quench Sensitivity of an Al-Cu-Li Alloy Plate,” proceedings of the Sth International ‘Aluminum-Lithium Conference, Wilismuburg VA, 27-31 March 1989, Aluminum-Lithium Alloys, T.H. Sanden, Jr, E.A. Starke, ‘eda, Materials and Component Engineering Publications Lid., 1989, pp 345-30412 Atlos of Time-Temperature Diagrams 2024 Alloy 900 ea 4% ole 800 = Type of corrosion u 700 ae 0 Fitna | 2 © Pilling plus slight intergranular § 600 ~. = Pitting plus intergranular 2 = Iniergronuior % 500 — = ® 400 ae 300 a a 200 on 10 10 100 1000 Time, sec ‘Time-temperature-corrosion dingram Effect of temperature and time in interrupted-quenching experiments en type of corrosion attack developed in 2024-74 sheet by an secelerated corresion teat SOURCE: LA. Willey, Alcon Research Laboratories, as published in Aluminum, Vol 1, Properties, Physical Metallurgy and Phase Diagrams, Kent R. Van Horn, of., ASM, 1967Allas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams 13 2024 Alloy ‘Treatment: Sequance A = Specimens were quenched directly into a bath at 250-475°C (482-886°F) Sequance B = Specimens were fit quenched to room temperature, then heated in the salt bath All specimens were quenched in cold vater to complete the sequences after hold times of 2 8 t0 1h, stretched to 5% plastic strain, and then aged for 16h at 172°C (342°F) 500 ge (00 : —— sanene-1851 7} 2 = 402020-1351 g 442219 -187 E T w 10 cy 10 10° Critical time. ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Comparison of yield strength (0.2% offset) C-curves for sequence A and B treatments of A 2024-T851, AA 2024-TS51, and AA. yais-787 Corresponding yield strengtta are 90% of values obtained from direct quench 415 NN n°? for AA 204-7861 345 MN w°? for AA 204-T351 548 MN mr? for AA 2219-T-87 SOURCE: I. Ives, w., “Processing/Microstructure/Property R ‘83-2669, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, 1988 and J.T. Staley, "Quench Factor Analysis of Aluminium Alloys,” Materials Science and Tec ology, Vol 8, November 1987, pp 925-93 tlonshipe in 2024 Aluminium Alloy Plates,” Report NBS14 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams aL, "Processing/Microstructure/Property Relationships in 2024 Aluminium Alloy Plates,” Rey jonal Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, 1983 and JT. Staley, "Quench Fastor Analysis ef Aluminium Alloys,” nls Science and Technology, Vol 3, November 1987, pp 928-035 2024 Alloy ‘Treatment: Sequence A = Specimens were quenched directly into a salt bath at 260-475°C (482-886°F) 600, Sat grais boundaries 500 4 at dispersoids Sat dispersonts as 5 al dispersoids Temperature. GP Zones— 5 rw a Cr a a ) Time, ‘Tims-temperature-nucleation diagram Schematic representation of nucleation curves for sequence A requancea after hold times of 2's to 1h, atretched to 5% plastic strain, and then aged for 16h at 172°C (342°F) a a 500] ['S.at grain boundaries Sat dispersoids and dislocations Temperature,*¢ T GP Zones . [ih tenes 4 oh a a OD Times Schematic representat sn curves for sequence B treatmentAtlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 15 2036 Alloy 234 MPa (34 ksi) 248 MPa (36 ksi) 262 saa (38 ksi) 8 {276 MPa (40 ksi)-| 4250 225 Temperature, 300] 350 [+193 MPa (28 ksi) 290 MPa (42 ksi) =} 200 175 150 250 2036-14 is Ot 1 Time, h ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Bifect of aging time and temperature on longitudinal yild strength of 2036-T4 SOURCE: Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch, ed., ASM, 1984 2219 Alloy ‘Treatment: Sequence A = Specimens were quenched directly into a salt bath ot 260-4769C (48: Sequence B = Specimens were first quenched to room All specimens were din cold water to complete the ‘sequencea after hold times of 2 « to 1, etretched to 5% plaatis strain, and then aged for 16 h at 172°C (342°F) 10 00 1 5 1 sequence 8,777 sent Aaausnce s plop 4 “300)— 4 20 1 0 10? WF 108 18 Critical times SOURCE: L. Swarteendruber, Relatiorship to Process "Quench Factor Anal Report NBSIR is of Aluminium Alloys ‘Time temperature-property diagram C-curve for AA 2219-T87 of 370 MN m°? yield strength | tNendestructive Bvalustion of Nonuniformitice in 2219 Aluminiam Alloy Plate ~ 2089, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, 1980, and J. ( Materials Science and Technology, Vol , November 1987, pp 925-536 Staley,16 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 6007 Alloy 51 = 0.14% Cr. 0.00% ar - reated at 650°C (1020°R) for 1 18 h, down quenched to various temperatures into molten held at temperature for varying times, water quenched, sn aged 0% of T6¥S iB ip ‘Temperatury °F (°C) ae ‘Time of leothermal Held, ‘Time-Tempersture-property dingram (1-7) ‘Maximum quenched and aged yield strengih 47.5 ksi (328 MPa) Ino-yield curve is 90% of quenched and aged yield strength SOURCE: D.V. Gullotti, proceedings of 2nd Interni Extrusion, pp 249-266 Crane, W.C. Setter, “aothermal Transformation Characteristics of Several GXXX Series Alloys,” jonal Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, 15-17 November, 1977, Atlanta, Vol 1, Billat and 6010 All y 500 T 6010-74 234 MPa (34 ksi) 250 262 MPa (38 ksi). 290 MPs (42 ksi) 226 317 MPa (46 ksi) 331 MPa (48 ksi) 7] 175 338 MPa (49 ksi) ‘345 MPa (50 ksi)—}200 338 MPa (49 ksi) 300 |207 MPa (20 ksilf 331 MPa (48 ksi} 15 234 MPa (34 ksi) 317 MPa (46 ksi) 250 262 MPa (38 ksi) 290 MPa (42 ksi) lias 1 10 10? Time, h 450| 400 950) Temperature, °C ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Bifect of aging time and tersperature on longitudinal yield strength of 6010-74 SOURCE: Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch, ed., ASM, 1984Atos of Tme-Temperature Diagrams 47 6061 Alloy Composition: Al - 0.55% Mg - 0.68% Si - 0.01% Cr - 0.014% Mn - 0.11% Fe - 0036% Cu - 0.01% Ti - 0.002% B ‘Treatment: Solution heat-treated at 50°C (1020°F) for 1 to 15h, down quenched to vatious temperatures into molten salt, held at temperature for varying times, water quenched, and need 90% of TS YS ‘Temperature °F (°C) ‘Time of Isothermal Hole, s ‘Time-temperature-property diegram (1-7) ‘Maximum quenched and aged yield strength 38.4 kai (264 MPs) Iho-yleld carve ia 90% of querched and oged yield strength, 6061 Alloy Composition: Al - 0.08% Mg - 0.68% Si - 0.12% Cr - 0.12% Mn. 88% Fe ~ 0.28% Cu - 0.07% Za ~ 0.014% Ti - 0.001% B ‘Treatment: Solution heat-treated at 640°C (10¢0°F} for 1 to LB h, down quenched to various temperatures into molten salt, held at temperature for varying times, water quenched, and aged 8 90% of TEYS 78% of T6 YS ‘Temperature OF (°C) a “Dime of tothermal Hold ‘Time-temperature-property degra (H) Maximum quenched and aged yield strength 40.5 ksi (280 MPa) Jo-yield curve in 90% of quenched and aged yleld strength ‘SOURCE: DY. Gulloti, J. Grane, W.C. Setuer, “hothermal Transformation Characteristics of Several XXX Series Alleys," proceedings of 2nd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, 18-17 November, 1977, Atlanta, Vol 1, Billet and Extrusion, pp 249-25618 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 6063 Alloy Composition: Al - 0.60% Mg - 0.30% Si - 0.02% Mn - 0.16% Fe = 0.01% Zn - 0.02% Ti ‘Treatment: Solution heat-treated at 640°C (1000°F) for 1 to 1.5 h, down quenched to various temperatures into molten salt, held at temperature for varying ti ter quenched, and aged 22 90% of TS YS ‘Temperature °F (°C) ‘Time of Isothermal Hold, « ‘Time-temperature-property diagram (I-T) Maximum quenched and aged yield strengrh 28.9 ki (178 MPa) Iwonyield curve is 90% of quenched and aged yield strength 6205 Alloy Composition: Al - 0.58% Mg - 0.76% $i - 0.12% Cr - 0.109% Zr = 0.11% Mn - 0.198% Fe - 0.04% Zn - 0.01% Ti ‘Treatment: Solution heat-treated at 640°C (1000°F} for 1 to 15 h, down quenched to various temperatures into molten salt, held at temperature for varying times, water quenched, and aed 90% of T6 YS ig 76% of 76 YS Tamporature °F (°°) iti i 2 of Ieothermal Held, # ‘Time-temperature-property diagram (I-T) Maximum quenched and aged yield strength 87:2 kai (256 MPa) Tonyield curve is 90% of quenched and aged yield atrengih SOUKCE: DY. Gullotti, J. Crane, W.C. Setter, “lothermal Transformation Charscteristics of Severs! OXXX Seriet Alloys, proceedings cf 2nd International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, 18-17 November, 1977, Atlanta, Vol 1, Billet and Extrusicn, pp 249-256Atfas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 19 A-U4G Alloy Composition: Al - 4.08% Cu - 0.72% Mg ~ 0.52% Mn - 0.60% Si Composition: Al - 4.08% Cu - 0.72% Mg - 0.62% Mn - 0.60% Si = 0278 Fe 0.08% Ti = 027% Fe - 0.08% Ti ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution annealed at Treatment: (mm diameter wire apecimena solution annealed at 500°C (992°F) fer 30 min, inthermally aged for various times 500°C (032°F) fer $0 min, ieothermally aged for various times between 176 and 475°C (347 and 87°F), then naturally aged __between 175 and 476°C (947 and 887°F), then naturally aged at about 20°C (68°F) for T daye belore testing At shout 20°C (68°F) for T daye before testing eg F | a Intermediary salt bath temperature, °C g Intermediary salt bath temperature, °C _# eg ete " Soaking time in the intermediary salt bath, min ‘Time-temperature-properties show constant valuee iagram ultimate tensile strength, R, in ‘SOURCE: M. Renousrd, "Value of Time-Temperature-Properties Diagrams for Heat-Treatment of Light Alloys," Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., Vol 86, 1959, pp 817-62220 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams A-UAG Alloy ‘Composition: Al - 4.08% Cu - 0.72% Mg - 0.62% Mn - 0.60% Si = 0.27% Fe - 0.03% Th ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution annealed at 500°C (532°F) for $0 min, inothermally aged for various times between 175 and (75°C ($47 and 887°F), then naturally aged at about 20°C (68°F) for 7 days before testing It bath temperature, °C. Intermediary. wo eT ea Rw ee ty Soaking time in the intermediary salt bath, mi Curves show constant values cf the % elongation, A Gage length be 8.18.75; where sin the wire diameter SOURCE: M. Renouard, "Value of Tim Met, Vol 80, 1959, pp 517-822 A-UASG Alloy ‘Composition: Al - 4.19% Cu - 0.46% Mj = 0.85% Fe - 0.05% Ti ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution annealed at ‘508°C (941°F) for 30 min, mathermally aged for various times between 176 and 475°C (S47 and 887°F), then naturally aged at about 20°C (68°F) for 7 days before testing 0.78% Mn ~ 82% Si Intermediary salt bath temperature, °C a a a a a Soaking time in the intermediary aslt bath, min ‘Time-temperature-properties diagram Curves sbow constant values of the elastic limit, E, in kg/mm? ‘Teentmant of Light Alloys,” Mem. Sci. Rev.Atlas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams 2 A-U4SG Alloy Composition: Al - 4.19% Cu - 0.46% Mg - 0.18% Mn - 0.82% Si = 038% Fe - 0.06% Ti ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution annealed at 508°C (041°F) fer 80 min, iotharmally aged for various times betwees 176 and 475°C (S47 and 67°F), then arifcially aged st about 17096 (476°) fer 7 days before tating fi g f__§ # § Intermediary salt bath temperature, °C £ = es ee Soaking time in the intermediary salt bath, min ‘Tine-temperature-properties diagram Curves show constant values of the elastic limit, B, in kg/mm? ‘SOURCE: M. Renouard, "Value of Time-Temperature-Propertiea Met., Vol 86, 1989, pp 817-827, Composition: Al - 4.10% Cu - 0.48% Mg - 0.78% Mn - 0.82% Si = 038% Fe - 0.08% Ti ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution annealed at '505C (041°F) for 30 min, itothermlly sgad for various times between 176 and 475°C (S47 ard 887°R), then naturally aged ‘nt 2096 (68°F) for 7 daye before testi Intermediary salt bath temperature, °C : L temperature-properties diagram Soaking time in the intermediary salt bath, min Tim Curves show constant values of the ultimate tensile strength, R, in kg/mm? iagrams fer Heat-Treatment of Light Alloye," Mem. Sci. Rev.22 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams A-U4SG Alloy Composition: Al - 419% Cu - 0.46% Me - 0.78% Mn - 0.82% Si = 0.88% Fe - 0.08% Ti ‘Treatment: 4 mm diameter wire specimens solution snnesled at 505°C (941°F) for $0 min, isothermally aged for various times Intermediary aslt bath temperature, °C Soaking time in the intermediary aalt bath, min ‘Time-temperature-properties diagram Curves show constant values of the ultimate tenaile strength, K, in kg/mm? SOURCE: M. Renouard, “Value of Time-Temperature-Properties Diagrams for Heat-Treatment of Light Alloys, Met., Vol 86, 1959, pp 517-522, ‘Mem. Sci. Rev.Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 23 6351 Alloy ‘Treatment: T6 condition (aged at 179°C (40°F) for 8 h 00] T 7 «oo E309} 200 v 1 10 1 oo Critical time. crmperature-property disgram (Ceeurve for 99.5% maximum yield strength of AA 51-16 extrusion SOURCE: J.W. Evancho, "Effects of Quenching on Strength and Toughness of 6351 Exirusi Laboratories, 1975, and J.7. Staley, "Quench Factor Analysis of Alum) [November 1987, pp 923 18," Report 18-75-HQN0, Alcoa im Alloys,” Materials Seience and Technology, Vol 3, 7075 Alloy auo: Yield, strength 0.1 1.0 io 100 1000 Time, sec ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Effect of time and temperature in interrupted quenching experiments on tensile and yield strength of alloy 7075, expressed as percentages of strengths oblained by quenching without interruption SOURCE: W.L. Fink, L.A. Willey, Trans. AIME, Vol 175, 1948, pp 414-42724 Atlas of Time-Temperoture Diagrams 7075 Alloy » ue Secon ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Comparisen of yield strength C-curves for 7050-T76 and 7078-T6 sheet SOURCE: J.W. Bvancho, J.T. Staley, "Kinetics of Prec Vol, ASM, January 1974, pp 43-47 tion in Aluminum Alloys During Continuous 425 400 375 350 326 300 275 Aging temperature, °F 8 225] Cooling,” Met. Trars., 200 2 175 "s 150 8 5 126 & Zz 100 200 Aging time, h ‘Time-iemperature-property diagram Ik yield atrength curves SOURCE: Aluminum Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch, e4., ASM, 1984Atlas of Tine-Temperature Diagrams 25 7075 Alloy * 380 ise “ avencHeo FROW SOLUTION TREATMENT ses}. Fnenetune wo woogs meta. at : dootr towel to sa0cr (rth é Edaves ane Loz oF MELO SYRENGTH ¥St 5 Sho tzgzmme ooh 150 & ast 2 2 125 <= 2507 > ol ne g (a2) \aa (aXe 3 est 3 too 200 om 0s te 5 2 80 100 HOURS AT QUENCH-AGING TEMPERATURE. ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Effects of precipitation treatment time and temperature on strength of 7075 plate quenched directly to the precipitation treatment temperature 7075 + Ag Plate a5, (QUENCHED FROM SOLUTION TREATMENT ‘eupevarure wo woop wera ar 380 ie keel or cua staenetn Roam ieee - 300 275 250 QUENCH-AGING TEMPERATURE, 25 or oa 5 20 OO HOURS AT QJENCH-AGING TEMPERATURE ‘Time-temperature-property diagram Eifects of precipitation treatment time and temperature on atrength of 7075 plate quenched directly to the precipitation treatment temperature SOURCE: 1.7. Staley, R.H. Brown, R. Schmidt, "Heat Treating Characteristics of High Strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys With and ‘Without Silver Additions,” paper presented at 1979 Western Metal and Tool Conference, Lor Angeles, 11 March 197026 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 7075, 7017, 6061 and 6063 Alloys ro c= ¢o01 (W.L. Fink, L.A. Willey, Trans. AIME, Vol 175, 1948, pp_ (D. Marchive, R. Deschamps, Rev. Metall., Vol 76, 1979, p 18) i p =coss B= 017 Tov Oi at in Fre nna aro Aust Fert, Mam fi Re. Mat Va 66a 1060.9 vn eu Accom Yah oh 3) Sf 600) 200] 400} 2 300 200) 104 ol 10 100 1000 ts ‘Time-tempersture-property diagram Curves at 95% of maximum tenale stress for various alloys 1 Science and Technology, Vel 4, July 1088, pp 636-643 SOURCE: T. Sheppard, "Press Querching of Aluminium Alloys,Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams 8090 Alloy Composition: Al 2.289% Li - 0.869% Cu - 0.90% Mg - 0.19% Zr = 0.19% Fe - 0.06% Si r200 8090 specimens Fron bin, T2P late SP taE ET hs other Age te Varios Fm r0co “ 800 F 00] co am 10 100 1000 Tine, we .-temperature-precipitation diagr Nucleation start curves Composition: Al - 2.28% Li - 0.86% Cu - 0.90% Mg - 0.19% Zr = 0.18% Fe - 006% i 1200, £8090 Specimens From 1-in. 3 Pla S11012 &, Lhe Isothermal Ag ‘Various Times 1000 g lal ‘san 400 13 volume Percent o3eeu a! 10 100) 1000" Time, see ‘Time-temperature-precipits Volume fractions of the Tp phase LEGEND: ' phase = AlzCuMg Tz phase = AlgCuLis SOURCE: GM. Colvin, E.A. Starke, Jr, SAMPE Q., July 1988, Vol 19, No. 4, pp 10-21, as pul Handbook for Nonferrous Alloys, June 1990 ished in Aerospace Structural a728 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagroms 3090 Alloy Compton: Al-228% Li - 080K Ca - 090% Me 0.18% 2+ ~~ 0.13% Pe - 0.08% Si 200 ~ + + sarerc leas ‘ties fie 1000 ass “800 7388] : & i af &, z 1 = 600} ———-—ose — 167" 410 40 i Nee 0 zl a $vounebercnt ‘Time-temperature-precipitatioa diagram ‘Volume fractions of the S phase (Al;CuNg) Composition: Al - 228% Li - 0.86% Cu - 0.90% Mg - 0.18% Ze = 0.13% Fe - 0.06% Si 1209} 18090 Specimens From 1a, T3PI ‘ST 1022 Fr hrs lothermal Age fer Vaious Tie 1000 800) | —+ 600 oy mm 400) fon tenet | — Chay V Energy 200, 10 700) 1000 Time, see ‘Time-tempersture-embrittlement diagram Lots in Charry V anergy relative to as-quenched candition for iasthermal aging SOURCE: GM. Colvin, E.A, Starke, Jr., SAMPE Q., July 1988, Vol 19, No. 4, pp 10-21, as published in Aerospace Structural Handbook for Nonferrous Alioys, June 1990a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.32 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Experimental Aluminum Alloys mn annealed at SEOPC (1022°F) for 80 min, red to a molten metal bath fer the isothermal holds, water quenched, atretehed 6% and aged at 163°C. (s25°P) for 24h Tensile strength a 1 10 100 1000 10000 Critical time, seconds, Time-temperature-property diagram Tensile atrength C-curves Resulte shown are a percentage cf the theoretical maximum SOURCE: James T. Staley, Aluminum Company of American, Alcoa Center PA, to be publisheda You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Aluminum Alloys ‘Composition Alloy 1: Al - 4.0856 Cu ~ 0.009% Mg - 0.008% Mn - 0.006% Si - 0.002% Fe Alloy 2: Al - 4.60% Cu - 0.007% Mg - 0.009% Mn - 0.010% Si - 0.002% Fe Alloy 3: Al 3.70% Cu ~ 1.70% Mg 0.08% Mn ‘Alley 4: Al - 460% Cu - 0.89% Mg - 0.02% Mn - <0.01% Si - <0.01% Fe Alloy &: Al 4.28% Cu ~ 1.23% Mg - 0.02% Mn ‘Alloy 6: Al = 4.72% Cu ~ 0.12% Mg - 0.71% Mn - <0.06% Si - <0.01% Fe ‘AL 4.19% Cu - 1.80% Mg - 0.065 Mn - 0.47% $i - <0.01% Fe ‘Alloy 8: Al - 4.609% Cu ~ 1.40% Mg ~ 0.90% Mn - 0.01% Si- 0.01% Fe 8: Al 4.60% Cu = 148% Mg - 0.82% Mn - 0.02% Si - 0.49% Fe 6 10 38 rso 300 600” 12003600 Time, « ‘Time-temperature-property diagram for alursinum alloys overaged to produce a 5% decrease from the ultimate tensile strength SOURCE: V.G. Davydov, LI. Novikov, E.D. Zakharov, “C-Curves of the Decemposition of » Supersaturated Solid Solution in Duralumin-Type Alloy pp 17-128 Mook. Inst, Stali Splavor, Moscow, USSR, Inv, Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved., Tevet. Met. Vol 11, No. 4, 1968,a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Co-Cr Alloy Composition: Co - 20% Cr 00} Y 800} 5 ool 2 € 1A © sn a. zou Se — © soo} Hanglormation___ 50% competion ——- Tangtnmatin el oF TIME, minuces “ime-teraperature-transformation diagram Obtained from quench lometar audiee SOURCE: AF. Giamei, J. Burma, S, Rabin, M. Cheng, E.J. Freise, "The Role of the Allotropic Transformation in Cobalt-Base Alloys," Cobalt, Vol 40, Cobalt Development Institute, Slough UK, September 1908, pp 140-155, Co-W Alloy Sek ax @ = os | =o y 900} 7 = = 800 g + Cow - Ss 00 a 2 é Transformation soo sn Finish SS 1074 Comatetion 50 Trangfoemation Sart 00 Doo Dae TIME, second: Time-temperature-transformation diagram SOURCE: T. Toda, Trans. Japan Inst. Metals, Vol 6, 1065, p 139 45a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.58 Co-Fe Alloys GoFe - Composition: Co - 50% Fe Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams CoFeV - Composition: Go = 48.3% Fe - 25% V CoF Cr - Composition: Co - 49.8% Fe - 0.4% Cr 600 4 500 4 2 Ss. a g Ae KL é Sp, oe # aook ~ 4 é SS 2 | os oss Se SF Fics 2 38 Feo O-45Cr . fo Rc 2eey 300} a TO + ; 7% we 30510006 TNE, min ‘Time-temperature-ordering diagram SOURCE: R.A. Buckley, "Microstructure and Kin« FeCo-0.4%Cr, FeCo-2.596V," Metal Science, Vol 9, 15, pp 243-247 of the Ordering Transformation in Iron-Cebatt Alloys, FeCo,a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.66 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu - 11.80% Al - 0.02% Fe - 0.01% Ma 986 828 500 oa Peanute TRINSFOMMATION TEMPERATURE 260 Revised Time-temperature-transformaticn diagram following discussion of original work SOURCE: D.J. Mack, “The Isothermal Transformation of s Eutectoia Aluminum Bronte,” Trans. AIME, Vot 178, 1948, pp 241-261a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.70 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu - 12.4% AL ‘Treaiment: Solution treated in aa air furnace at 820°C (15089) for 30 min, then quenched st various temperatoree between 570 and 480°C (1088 and 860°F) sop T T vs a} volt L i 0 7H 1058 crs THE, SECONDS Time-temperature-transformatien diagram SOURCE: H. Butler, AJ. Fletcher, "The Decomposition of the Beta Phase in Certain Hypereutect Journal af the Inatitute of Metala, Vol 08, 1070, pp 16-10 Copper-Aluminium Alloys,’a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Arigs of Time-Temperature Diagrams 76 Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu ~ 11.2% Al ‘Treatment: Specimens quenched into cold water from selected temperature pointe along the cooling curves; the maximum cooling rate of 2000°C/ (3682°F /a) wae attained by quenching (oe. 50 g b M, ‘Temperature, °C 3 380 a refers to a formed before ondering 300 10 ao? aot Pe 18 ‘Time,s Continuous-ccoling-traneformation diagram ‘Treatment: Specimens quenched into cold water from selected temperature points along the cooling curves: the maximum cooling rate of 2000°C/s (9632°F/s) was attained by quenching in a blast of arzon ‘Temperature, °C Continuows-ceoling-transformation diagram SOURCE: J.R. Moon, R.D. Garwood, "Transformation during Continuous Cooling of the Beta Phase in Copper-Aluminium ‘Alloy Journal of the Inalitute of Metab, Vol 96, 1968, pp 17-21a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.80 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Copper-Aluminum Alloys Compesition: Cu ~ 12.78% Al ‘Treatment: Solution treated 850°C (1662°F) for $0 min Speed of Cocling °C/+ 135 06 03 a8 cces ‘Temperature, °C ‘Time of cooling from an initiat 850°C LEGEND: a or 74 start of prosutectoid P temperature for th rt of ordering precipitation of a’ phase without martensite transformation o formation of the a’ phase with mactensite formation My start of martensite transformation Ta! temperature for tha start of ordering of the phases Continuous-cooling-transformation diagram SOURCE: Suck-joong L. Kang, M. Stasi, P. Azou, "Transformation au Refroidisse:nent Continu des Allinges Binaires Cuivre “Alsminisr,” Metaux Corrosion-Industei, Vol 64, No. 762, February 1089a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams SOURCE: P. Bresina, “Hest Treatment of Complex Aluminium Bronces,” International Metals Reviews, Vol 21, No. 2, 1982, pp T1120 ELONGATION (Al, % MICROSTRUCTURE, vot" temperature ) Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu - 10.5% Al Treatment: Sclution treated at 850°C (1662°F) for 1b, simulated cooling 8 a a EE & { 3 @ as cast WL 9 simulates cooting 4 wee wae oo < Sa a ee * 2530700 20 tio = PLATE THICKNESS, mn 50 309 ORWELL WARONESS (16! IMPACT ENERGY (Keanotned Continuous cosling transformation dingrama You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.90 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu - 11.8% Al - 5.3% Fe - 5.1% Ni - 0.9% Mn ‘Treatment: Solution treated at 950°C (1742°F) for 1 h, simulated cooling g TENSILE STRENGTH (Rm MN? 8 8 DRIVEL HARDNESS 300 3 Al Fe Ni Ma sh etorges fis $2 60 02 40 oneast 16 £95000 g ELONGATION 1A ® e ante 2» MCROFTRUCTURE, vot=te remeenatuae tc 1g SWE He se eto 2589 Wo 200 to PLATE THICKNESS, rm Continuous-cooling. transformation diagram SOURCE: P. Breti "Heat Treatment of Complex Aluminium Brontes,” International Metals Reviews, Vol 21, No. 2, 1982, pp 77-120a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Allas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams 103 Copper-Aluminum Alloys on: Ou - 10.54% Al - trace Fe - 3.03% ‘Treatment: Annealed at 900 to 910°C (1062 to 1742F), and held within 29, for 1 h in air before immersion in a molten bath containing about 1€0 Ib of pure lead which was held within 2° of the desired transformation temperature, water quenched turecrovo renrenrune wat wh ee rr tn oar wee won so to! 107 10? 10 108 10 nt, scons mnperture-trrforation dng (isan econ tne gig os Sheep oye E aso 5 «oo | 9% ike ——— Soar 80 1 f : fe wet ME, S2CONOs ‘Tiene-tempersture ranaformatien diagrama You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Atlas of Tme-Temperature Diagrams 107 Aluminum-Bronze Alloys Composition: Cu - 12.91% Al - 8.68% Fe - 0.38% Ni - 0.08% Mn ‘Treatment: Soaked at 800°C (14729F) for 20 min in ait and queached in the Wothermal salt bath, and water quenched Temperature, °C. TH=== uncertain portions ‘Time-temperature-transformation diagram SOURCE: AH. Kasberg, Jr, DJ. Mack, "Iscthermal Transformati ‘AIME, October 1951, pp 003-958 and Properties of a Commercial Aluninum Bronte,” Trans Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu - 11.9% Al ‘Treatment: Specimens heated at BOOPC (1472°F) for 45 min ‘and quenched into a lend bath maintained ab a selected temperature within the range 5E0-400°C (1022-11°F) TEHPERATURE,® TIME. SECONDS y-temperature-transformation diagram Binary eutectoid alloy, SOURCE: G.V.T. Ransetts, D.RP. West, “Kinetics of the Beta to (slpha + gammaz) Transformation in Certsin Binary and ‘Ternary Aluminium Bronsss,” Journat of the Instivute of Metals, Vol 92, 1963, pp 12-17a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.12 Atlas of Time-Temperature Diagrams SOURCE: AJ. Fletcher, D. Lloyd Thomas, “Solid-State Transformations in Certain Copper-Aluminiam-Zine Alloy Copper-Aluminum-Zinc Alloys Componition: Cu - 11.0% Al - $1% Zn ‘Treatment: Solution treated at 800°C (1472°F) for $0 min in air, traneferred toa bath of molten salt at aalected temperatures below 565°C (1051°F). After icthermal trarefermaticn in the salt bath for pradstermined ime, the specimena were water-quenched T a i : i che i i Tine, + ‘Time-temperature-transformation diagram the Institute of Metals, Vol 98, 1976, pp 188-102a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.a You have either reached a page that is unavailable for viewing or reached your viewing limit for this book.Alls of Time-Temperature Diagrams Copper-Aluminum Alloys Composition: Cu ~ 12.0% Al ‘Treatment: Martentite formed by water que hing from 950°C (1742°F), Specimens were then tempered ina lead bath and Syed at various times and temperatures B T T rT i. awe oh ee eviecroio eno. 008 *eyrecromt * Baa StaRT END OFF WY. oe soo} # wee y othe 4 e Lf eeeN aBey tee g fA vey YU a 2 1.08 ON. Sueren urtit oF BA ary BT Boe P ee oo Pm broraurtut hys o b, BON 008 a EEE ee = No coo No os canst oN bead tic a 350 ° + Log mE sec) LEGEND, oe Oteaee ro Beep c0- eos 1 omen Dera r, Spee ence eee nw nae eo Brass xm Teguccnnces $4sdsumcse GBeacaee deer Uneee Gohepe ee vorco0 fen are fe wmer00 Roainrcen me mats 7) SOURCE: RG. Cope, "The Tempering of Martensit. 1998, pp 330-380 OF ys tne + sen Yor es toc. sana nauigy Res ‘Time-tomperature-tempering diagram in Copper-Aluminium Allo 17 Journal of the Institute of Metals, Vo! £7,