Inquiries, Investigation

and Immersion

Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Brainstorming for Research
Topics
What I Need to Know

The 3 I’s: Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion module is a way of realizations that come
along their life such as the different issues which surround them. This query is the act of asking
for information that leads to exploration and absorption.

This module will help the learners prepare a plan and focus on issues and ideas in their
respective field after an overview of research in daily life and learning an appropriate research
design for a class research agenda.

The module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Natural Inquiry

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Discuss among the learners the different issues and ideas in their respective fields;
2. Appreciate the importance of brainstorming to come up with the best issue to cater to; and
3. The learner prepares to plan a research agenda in preparation for possible issues or topics
of a research study.

What to do:
To attain the objective of this module, do the following:

• Yield your time reading the lessons sensibly.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Give a response to all the exercises.
• Familiarize yourself with the following terms:

Unlocking of Keywords

Inquiry - It is a question which you ask to get some information. It is

the process of asking about or investigating something to find
out more about it.

Investigation - It is a proper inquiry or efficient study.

Immersion -
It is the process of learning a skill by using nothing else but
that skill. It is the fact of becoming completely involved in
something.

Research Study -
Research is like exploring things to come up with the best
idea/s to respond to the needs of society.

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 Concept -
It is a conceptual representation abstract objects, or abilities
that make up the fundamental building blocks of thoughts
and beliefs

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on a space before each number.

1. What is an informal or indirect expression of knowledge?

a. books c. sentences
b. gestures d. words
2. What characterizes inquiry?
a. it is designed to generate multiple alternatives
b. it encourages an exchange of ideas
c. it is an open process absorption
d. all of the above
3. Which of the following are benefits of brainstorming when compared to nominal group
technique?
a. brainstorming is more fun
b. brainstorming can generate a positive organizational climate
c. brainstorming can inspire talented and highly skilled employees to remain in
an organization
d. all of the above
4. Which of the following statements about brainstorming is NOT correct?
a. brainstorming is often used for creative problem-solving
b. No criticism is allowed in brainstorming
c. Brainstorming is a vulnerable game without rules or guidelines
d. All participants in brainstorming should be given a chance to contribute to the
process
5. Which of the following is a limitation to brainstorming?
a. free riders work harder in a group
b. only a few people can contribute
c. People are more willing to talk because they are part of a group
d. only one person can speak at a time
6. How many people should there be in a brainstorm?
a. 1-2 c. 4-5
b. 3 d. 6-10
7. What are the two phases of brainstorm?
a. cause and effect c. idea generation and evaluation
b. projection and selection d. problem and solution
8. What is the method used to capture ideas?
a. traditional method c. post – it notes
b. electronic method d. all of the above

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 9. Which criteria should you use to evaluate ideas?
a. feasible c. novel
b. attractive d. none of the above
10. Which among does not belong to ruin a brainstorm?
a. early criticism of ideas
b. having no clear focus or objective
c. need evaluation
d. settling for too few ideas
11. What is a systematic investigation for information?
a. curiosity c. questions
b. inquiry d. research
12. What is defined as seeking truth, information, or knowledge?
a. curiosity c. questions
b. inquiry d. research
13. What is the first element of inquiry-based learning?
a. formulation of appropriate questions
b. identification of key issues
c. search for valid and relevant evidence
d. selection of appropriate questions
14. What is the last element of inquiry-based learning?
a. application of evidence to identified issues
b. interpretation and assessment of evidence
c. presentation of coherent, conclusion, final or tentative
d. reflection on and assessment of the learning process
15. Which of the following are the most distinguishing characteristics of inquiry based learning?
a. it begins with a question
b. students use hand-on instruction
c. it is student-centered
d. it is teacher-centered

Lesson 1
Natural Inquiry

What’s In

Write your own ideas on the importance of research based in your knowledge and experiences.
Copy this graphic organizer on a separate sheet of paper and write your answer on it.

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 Importance
of Research
in Daily Life

What is It
Research is an investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation
of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of
such new or revised theories or laws. It is also a practice of collecting information about a particular
subject.
Research provides the best solution to some of the world problems and also enhance the
knowledge of the researchers. It can give explanations to certain questions stated in the research
problem. Through the explanations, it serves as a tool for building knowledge and for facilitating
new learning.
Research also introduces new ideas, helps the researchers identify problems and appropriate
solutions in new ways and provide new framework to guide thinking and action. It informs action,
proves a theory and contributes to develop knowledge in a field or study. Therefore, it understands
various issues and increases public awareness.
The following shall help you recall some significant details relevant to your previous understanding
about the types of research namely: qualitative and quantitative researches.

Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

Involves processes, feelings, and motives (the why’s
and the how’s) and produce in-depth and holistic
data
Usually concerned with generating hypothesis from
data rather than testing a hypothesis
Uses either unstructured or semi-structured
instruments
Uses small sample sizes chosen purposely
Has high validity
Aims to characterize trends and patterns
Usually starts with neither a theory nor hypothesis
about the relationship between two or more
variables
Uses structured research instruments like
questionnaires or schedules
Uses large sample sizes that are representatives of
the population
Has high output replicability

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 Used to gain greater understanding of individual Used to gain greater understanding of group
differences in terms of feelings, motives and similarities
experiences
Uses more flexible processes Uses structured processes
Methods include field research, case study and Methods include census, survey, experiments and
secondary analysis secondary analysis

An inquiry is a method that has the aim of extending knowledge, undertaking doubt, or solving a
problem. A theory of inquiry is an interpretation of the various types of inquiry and action of the
ways that each type of inquiry attains its aim.

Now, to give you an idea of how to prepare for research, you may do the inquiry-based learning using
the following steps mentioned below:

• Focus. An ill-structured problem demands consideration of diverse perspectives.

• Decide on a topic. Think-aloud, asks probing questions, monitors and encourages
participants to decide a topic.
• Understanding the problem. This will include clarifications of misconceptions and
possibilities.
• Design on the problem. This is the final stage done to address problems within manageable
scales and extend their learning pathways.
Brainstorming is a way of inquiring ideas that will help you to develop concepts and focusing
techniques by asking questions and knowing the interests of the persons involved in the said
issues. The potential ideas can be visualized for interpretations.
The following are the things that may be considered before starting the research activity:

1. A problem that is most interesting to you

2. Existing problems in the class/school/campus which one may want to solve
3. Existing needs of the community or society
4. Area of interest, specialization or event from related fields
5. Prevailing theories and philosophy

Criteria in Choosing a Research Topic:

1. It should be something new or different from what has already been written about.

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 2. It must be original.
3. It should be significant to the field of study or discipline.
4. It must necessarily arouse intellectual curiosity.
5. It should be of researcher’s interest.
6. It should be a modest one for a beginner to be carried out within a limited period of time.
7. It should be clear, not ambiguous.
8. It should be specific, not general.
9. It should consider the training and personal qualifications of the researcher.
10. It should consider the availability of data involved in the study and the methods and
techniques to be employed in gathering them.
11. It should consider the availability of effective instruments for gathering the data and their
treatment.
12. It should consider the financial capacity of the researcher to support the project.
13. It should consider the time factor involved in the undertaking.

Here are some examples of possible basis of issues applicable for senior high school learners.
These are useful in crafting a research agenda that will lead in the writing of the title and research
problem.

Interventions/ Projects/
Topic/Issue Causes Effects Programs
Community Waste Problem - improper waste - widespread - Clean and Green
disposal - waste disposal Project
inconsistent - health problem - Health and Sanitation
implementation Programs
of community
waste program/
project

Topic/Issue Sub-topics Causes Effects

Availability of Tools and - List of Equipment - Large number of - 50% passing rate
Equipment in TVL - SMAW in the laboratory enrollees - Area for - dropout
laboratory work - absenteeism

If you already identified the possible topic in the agenda of your research study, you may think of
the identity of your research either a qualitative or a quantitative research then decide on the
methodology by not disregarding the importance of your research to others, to the community, to
the society or to the nation as well.
Observe the given example as a guide about the mentioned concerns in your research agenda.
RESEARCH AGENDA - Academic Track
TOPIC Community Waste Problem
TYPES OF RESEARCH Qualitative Research
METHODOLOGY Interview and Survey Questionnaire
IMPORTANCE Provide awareness and information about Clean and Green
Project and Health & Sanitation Program

RESEARCH AGENDA - TVL Track

TOPIC Level of Effectivity of TVL - SMAW Offering

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 TYPES OF RESEARCH Quantitative Research
METHODOLOGY Interview and Survey Questionnaire
IMPORTANCE Provide data as basis for the improvement and enhancement of
the TVL- SMAW offering

What’s More
List down three (3) causes and effects of the given problem or issue. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

Problem/Issue: Failed Grades

Effects: 1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________

Causes: 1. __________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do
Prepare a research agenda following the steps below.

1. Choose a topic according to your academic choice considering the criteria in the
research topic.
2. Determine the type as to qualitative or quantitative research.
3. Identify the methodology to be used in the preparation of the research agenda.
4. State the importance of your research agenda in the community or society.

RESEARCH AGENDA

TOPIC

TYPES OF RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

IMPORTANCE

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is a limitation to brainstorming?

a. free riders work harder in a group
b. only a few people can contribute
c. people are more willing to talk because they are part of a group
d. only one person can speak at a time
2. What characterizes inquiry?
a. it is designed to generate multiple alternatives
b. it encourages an exchange of ideas
c. it is an open process
d. all of the above
3. What are the two phases of brainstorm?
a. cause and effect c. idea generation and evaluation
b. projection and selection d. problem and solution
4. What is an informal or indirect expression of knowledge?
a. books c. sentences
b. gestures d. words
5. How will you capture the ideas?
a. traditional method c. post – it notes
b. electronic method d. all of the above
6. Which of the following statements about brainstorming is NOT correct?
a. brainstorming is often used for creative problem-solving
b. no criticism is allowed in brainstorming
c. brainstorming is an exposed game without rules or guidelines
d. all participants in brainstorming should be given a chance to contribute
7. Which criteria should you use to evaluate ideas?
a. feasible c. novel
b. attractive d. none of the above
8. Which of the following is a limitation to brainstorming?
a. free riders work harder in a group.
b. only a few people can contribute.
c. people are more willing to talk because they are part of a group.
d. only one person can speak at a time

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

9. Which among them does not belong to ruining a brainstorm?
a. early criticism of ideas
b. having no clear focus or objective
c. need evaluation
d. settling for too few ideas
10. Which of the following are the benefits of brainstorming when compared to the
nominal group technique?
a. brainstorming is more fun
b. brainstorming can create a positive organizational climate
c. brainstorming can encourage talented and highly skilled employees to remain
in an organization

d. all of the above

11. What is the first element of inquiry-based learning?
a. formulation of appropriate questions
b. identification of key issues
c. searches for valid and relevant evidence
d. selection of appropriate questions
12. Which of the following is the most distinguishing characteristics of inquiry-based
learning?
a. it begins with a question
b. students use hand-on instruction
c. it is student-centered
d. it is teacher-centered
13. What is a systematic investigation for information?
a. curiosity c. questions
b. inquiry d. research
14. What is defined as seeking truth, information, or knowledge?
a. curiosity c. questions
b. inquiry d. research
15. What is the last element of inquiry-based learning?
a. application of evidence to identified issues
b. interpretation and assessment of evidence
c. presentation of coherent, conclusion, final or tentative
d. reflection on and assessment of the learning process

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

Additional Activities
Choose from the following topics/issues as part of the Research Agenda to develop a title and a
statement of the problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Effectivity of social media and Networking Sites as Instruments for Business Promotion
2. COVID-19 Pandemic Implications in the Community
3. Relationship Between Nutrition and Family Health
4. Experiences of Depression among the Youth of Today
5. Attitudes of the Youth in the Community

References

http://www.accessola.com/action/positions/info_studies/html/research.html, January
27, 2020.
https://innovationmanagement.se/imtool-articles/take-the-brainstorming-quiz/.,
n.d. Accessed January 27, 2020
Heick, Terry, “4 Phases of Inquiry-based Learning: A guide For Teachers,”
November 5, 2019
“‘15 Creative Exercises That Are Better than Brainstorming.’”
http://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/creative-exercises-better-than- brainstorming.,
September 20, 2018

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

Inquiries, Investigation
and Immersion

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Identifying the Problem and
Asking the Question

CO_Q1_Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion SHS Module 1&2

What I Need to Know

It deals with identifying the inquiry and stating of the problem. It walks the students towards
designing a research project related to daily life, describing justifications or reasons for conducting
the research stating the background of the problem, presenting the Conceptual Framework, stating
the Research Hypothesis, presenting a written statement of the problem, asserting the definition of
terms, stating the Importance of the study, and determining scope and delimitation of the study.

The module has seven lessons:

• Background of the Problem

• Conceptual Framework
• Research Hypothesis (for Quantitative Research)
• Statement of the Problem
• Importance of the study
• Scope and limitations of the study
• Definition of terms

What you are expected to learn?

After going completed this module, you are able and expected to formulate clearly the statement of
research problem.

How to learn this module?

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercise diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
• Familiarize yourself with the following terms.
• Understand and follow the instructions carefully.
• Accomplish the pre-test to identify your preparedness about the lessons in this module.
• Refer your answers to the given answer key.
• Read each lesson and do activities provided for you.
• Demonstrate the activities to guide you in comprehending the lessons.
• Take the self-test after each lesson to assess your understanding of the topics.
• Answer the post-test to measure how much you have gained from the topics.

What I Know
As an initial activity, you will be assessed on your prior knowledge about finding the answers to the
research questions. This is to find out what are the things you need to learn more about the subject
matter.

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.
 1. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout the
research process.
a. Background of the Study c. Operational Definition
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Significance of the study
2. An analytical tool with several variations and contexts.
a. Scope and delimitation of the study c. Significance of the study
b. Conceptual Framework d. Operational Definition
3. The part of your states what the researcher expects to find- it is the tentative answer to the
research question that guides the entire study.
a. Research Significance c. Research Hypothesis
b. Research Truth d. Research Operation Definition
4. In making your conceptual framework which is not included in the steps stated below.
a. Conduct a Literature c. Write a Narrative
b. Create a Flow chart d. Do not return and revise
5. Who are the individuals whom they explain clearly the purposes of the problem statement or
inquiry?
a. Marshall and Rossman c. F.J. Espania and R. E. Fernandez
b. Marshall Leu and Rose Man d. None of the above
6. It is considered as dictionary terminologies?
a. Operational Definition c. Operational-Conceptual Definition
b. Conceptual Definition d. All of the above
7. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
a. Conceptual Definition c. Operational Definition
b. Conceptual Definition-Operational d. All of the above
8. The part of your study that sets boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and narrows
down the scope of the inquiry.
a. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework c. Scope and delimitation of the study
b. Background of the Study d. Scope and delimitation of the study
9. It will provide information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study c. Operational Definition
b. Scope and delimitation of the study d. Significance of the study
10. The portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards and procedure.
a. Theory Framework
b. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
c. Concept Framework
d. None of the above
11. According to her a conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint.
a. Maria Marie Florenda
b. Maria Magic
c. Maria Magher
d. Maria June Mandela
12. A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual framework.
a. Dependable Variable
b. Independent Variable
c. Dependent Variable
d. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
13. The section of the study that provides information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study
 b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Glossary of terminology
14. The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework provides.
a. Substantiation
b. Evidence
c. Confirmation
d. All of the above
15. The part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms and
concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
a. Background of the Study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Glossary of Research Terms
d. Significance of the Study

Lesson 1
Background of the Problem

What’s In

In the preceding lesson, you learned the significance of research across fields of inquiry. A thorough
research can be conducted in any field of knowledge. The areas and disciplines that are classified
into different areas of sciences will assist you to understand where you really fit. These will guide
you into the next learning of designing and writing a research project and a research title.

What’s New
After you have carefully written your previous activities and perhaps ran it through your associates
through a many of times. While there are many elements for your readers is the background of the
study. The background of your study will provide context to the information discussed throughout
the research process. The background information of your study may include both important and
relevant studies.

Furthermore, the background of the study will deliberate your statement of the problem, rationale,
and research questions. It links the introduction to your research study and guarantees a logical
flow of ideas. Thus, it helps readers understand and comprehend your reasons and explanations for
conducting the study.

Problem statements or background of the study have three elements:

  The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to establish why it is
important;
 The method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis;
 The purpose, statement of objectives and scope of document the writer is
preparing.

What is It
Research Problem
A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a
difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in
theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation. It is typically posed in the form of a question.

Sample Background of the study:

GRADE 11 STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE 3R’S METHOD
IN UTILIZING NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN LA SALLE UNIVERSITY
In today’s generation, a lot of problems have been emerging in our society and the most common
problem that humans are facing right now is the environmental concerns, specifically the solid
waste which includes the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. Waste can be defined to be as those
materials that are no longer needed at some point. Biodegradable wastes are those that can be easily
decomposed while non-biodegradable wastes are those that cannot be broken and decomposed in
which these will remain stable indefinitely. Moreover, non-biodegradable wastes bring problems to
our environment

What’s More
You just learned the concepts on background of the Problem. You were tasked to save the titles
you’ve made as your research topic. You will use these on the next activities to create your
research problem.

Among the titles of the previous lesson you have created, which of those you think
should be addressed. Kindly, explain further on this matter.

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Write the above research topics you have created and identify at least three research
problem for each and explain why you choose them.
Propose Research Title:
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Background of the Problem:

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Reasons:
________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Lesson 2
Conceptual Framework

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you’ve learned on how to choose research topics and formulate Background
of the problem or the statement of the problem, following the different elements in writing a
statement of the problem helps you to create a god topic for your research.

What Is It
Researchers create and generate theoretical and conceptual frameworks that comprise a philosophical
and methodological model to help and aid to design their work.
A Conceptual Framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts that can be applied
in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed to come up with the desired goal. It
is necessary to make conceptual and theoretical distinctions and organize ideas. Strong and resilient
conceptual frameworks capture and apprehend something real and do this in a way that is easy to
remember and apply.

The theoretical and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of academic standards and procedures
that validates the authenticity of the study. They also proposed an explanation and clarification of why
the study is relevant and how the researcher expects to fill the gap in the literature.

How to create a Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an outline of how you plan to
conduct the research of your thesis, but it goes further than that by also positioning your work within
the larger field of research.

 Conduct a Literature Review

Before you can have your research, you need to understand and comprehend what research has
already been conducted on your topic of interest and curiosity. Conducting a literature review can
help you to refine your central argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the
literature review to be able to place and organize your work within the larger and greater area of
study in your conceptual framework. Your framework should present the relevant research ad show
how your work will help to advance the field.

 Create a Flow Chart

Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow those reading the framework to understand
the course of your research. You can present this in whatever way makes the most sense for your
work, which can include a flow chart, mind gap or diagram. In every component of your research,
you should showcase the variables that influence it.

 Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always present the
same information and evidence by writing a narrative. Your narrative should recap the variables
influencing your research and explore how they may change the hypothesis. The narrative should
also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for your research. If you include a diagram in
your conceptual framework, a narrative should also be included explaining these details for those
who prefer more in-depth information. Bolded headers to separate the sections of your narrative
and to create a visual order of information.

 Return and Revise

As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements of your conceptual framework
are no longer needed. You will discover new variables, or you may identify that your hypothesis is
incorrect. You may discover additional research that challenges your theory and ideas. You should
return to your framework and revise it if necessary.
SAMPLE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Demographic Profile of the

respondents in terms of:

Age:
Academic Achievement of 4Ps
Gender:
Grade Level: Pupils - Recipients
Occupation of the parents:
Monthly income of the parents:
Interactive Method:

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram showing the perimeter of the study

Lesson 3 Research Hypothesis

(Quantitative Research)

What’s In

In the preceding lesson, you learned the significance of research across fields of inquiry. A thorough
research can be conducted in any field of knowledge. The areas and disciplines that are classified
into different areas of sciences will assist you to understand where you really fit. These will guide
you into the next learning of designing and writing a research project and a research title.

What Is It

Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative,

exploratory or explanatory.

In developing a testable research hypothesis, it takes skill, however, along with careful attention to
how the proposed research method treats the development and testing of hypotheses.
The hypothesis in your study, you are predicting the relationship between two variables.

Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.

 Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision
 As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables) that are
in relation to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your research. As an
outcome of your research, you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or understanding that will be
useful or applicable beyond the research itself.
 Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
 Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered
exclusively by the discipline of law.
 Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not deal in
generalities or assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term.
 Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a
comparative basis if appropriate.
 Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses.

You must obtain the teacher’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your
hypothesis, before proceeding with any work on the topic.

You will be expressing your hypothesis in 3 ways:

 As a one-sentence hypothesis.
 As a research question.
 As a title for your paper.
Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal.

Sample on Research Hypothesis:

Example:
Question:

Does taking aspirin everyday reduce the chance of having a heart attack?

Null Hypothesis:

Taking aspirin daily does not affect heart attack risk.

What’s More
Writing Exercise: Make your Research Hypothesis
Directions: Go back on the sample given. Based on the topic that you’ve chosen, write a statement
on the Research Hypothesis on your chosen topic.

Question:
 _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Research Hypothesis:

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

Lesson 4
Statement of the Problem

What’s In
In the prior lesson, you’ve learned on how to make a research hypothesis that is indispensable in
making a research project. In addition, before formulating your research hypothesis, read about the
topic that is interesting to you since a research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction
that will be tested by research itself.

What Is It
Writing a Statement of the Problem
After identifying a research problem, the next step is to write a problem statement. It has to be
concise and concrete. Writing a problem statement can help the researcher put the topic in context
and have a deeper understanding of its significance. A problem statement may be written in several
paragraphs or in several sentences incorporated in the introduction.
Problem statement should address the relevance of the research: why is it important to resolve the
problem. The problem statement need not lay worldchanging impact. What is important is that the
problem statement should lay how you intend to address the problem. Your goal should not be to
find a conclusive solution, but to seek out the reasons behind the problem and propose more effective
approaches to understanding it. You may start with the following phrases:
 a) The aim of this study is to determine…
b) This project aims to explore…
c) I aim to investigate…

Research studies generally include the succeeding interconnected portions.

Purpose of the Statement of the Problem:

 To describe the substantive focus of the research study

 To frame it as
 A larger theoretical policy
 A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
 To pose initial research questions
 To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section
 To discuss the limitations of the study.
Specific Title of the Study:
Narcissism in Teenagers: Root Causes, Manifestations and Interventions
The different parts of the problem statement will be written as follows:

Introduction
Taking selfies or a video of oneself has become a social phenomenon that has been brought about
by the use of modern gadgets, particularly the mobile phone adolescents take pictures or videos of
themselves, their possessions, their latest happenings or gigs, their friends, their food-anything,
anyone they take a fancy on, anywhere, anytime. A good number of people say that this social
phenomenon has evolved into narcissism. There is, to date, a dearth of research on this topic.

Statement of the Problem

Major Problem: This study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism, as well as its
manifestations and possible forms of intervention.

Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

 What are the underlying causes of narcissism?

 How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
 What are the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
 What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of adolescents?
 How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive outlooks and attitudes in
adolescents?

Parents
Curriculum Planners
Administrators
Teachers
Guidance Counsellors
Peers,
 What’s More

Writing Exercise: Make your Statement of the Problem

Directions: Go back on the sample given. On the topic that you have chosen, write a specific
statement or inquiry showing the following:
Statement of the Problem:

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Lesson 5
Importance of the Study

What’s In
In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem that is essential in
making a research project. Moreover, a good research problem should address an existing gap in
knowledge in the field and lead to further research.

What Is It
This portion discusses how to write this section and provides an example to illustrate the different
techniques.

In an actual fact, the section on the significance of the study provides information to the reader on
how the study will contribute. It must be exactly stated, however, what the study will contribute and
who will benefit from it.
Sample Significance of the study:
Significance of the Study

The researcher believed that the result of this study will help the following assess the 4Ps program
and its effect to the performance of the pupils.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development. The researcher believes that the result of this
study will be of great importance to the department since they are the ones monitoring the 4Ps
program. May this study serve as the basis in the modification of the conditions in giving cash grants

The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and implementing new
and innovative teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess the pupils to achieve their
full potentials, since children are financially supported in their studies by the government.

The Teachers. The result of this study may help the teacher in constructing and developing new
teaching strategies to help the students in their performance and be mindful that even if students
are provided and supported by the government, they still need equal guidance to perform well in
school. The factors affecting the performance of the students may also help the teacher as their basis
in making daily lessons.

The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a big impact on
the performance of the students in school.

The Students. May the result of this research help the student in understanding that coming to school
daily may be a guarantee that they will also have good academic performance. And may the result
give them the overview of how the government is supporting their studies and that they must do their
part by studying well.

What’s More
Writing Exercise: Writing a statement on the Significance or the
Importance of the Study
Directions: On the topic you’ve chosen, write a specific statement regarding the Significance or the
Importance of the study.

Significance of the Study:

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Lesson 6 Scope and Limitations of

the Study

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you’ve learned on how to create a statement of the problem that is essential
in making a research project. Moreover, a good research problem should address an existing gap in
knowledge in the field and lead to further research.

What is It
As mentioned in other topics, to broad topics will lead the research nowhere.

The scope and delimitation of the study set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry and narrow
down the scope of the inquiry.
The purpose of the delimitation of the study is to delimit by geographic location, age, sex, population
traits, population size, or other similar aspects. Delimitation makes study more manageable and
feasible. Part of it sets the constraints or weaknesses of a study which are beyond the control of the
researcher.

Examples of Delimitation of Research

 This study covers only those families in Barangay San Jose, Pasig City, benefited by the
government’s Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
 This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both Blended Learning and
standard ways of Language teaching.

What’s More
Writing Exercise: On the Scope and Limitation of the Study
Directions: Go back in the sample given. On the topic that you’ve chosen, write a specific statement
showing the Scope and Limitation of your study.

Scope and Limitation:

 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Lesson 7
Definition of Terms

What’s In
In the former lesson, you’ve learned on how to formulate a scope and delimitation of a research study
that is vital in making a research project. Moreover, a scope and delimitation of a research project is
the scope on how in-depth your study is to explore the research parameters in which it will operate
in relation to the population and the timeframe of your study.

What Is It
Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used
terms and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social
sciences.


Types and Functions



 Conceptual Definition. Refers to the dictionary meaning.

 Operational Definition. The meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.


Sample Operational Definition of Terms

Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
 Academic Performance
It is the product of education- the degree to
which a student, a teacher or organization
has attained their educational goals. It is
dignified by the final grade earned in the
course.
CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer
This is a program that transfers cash, largely
to deprived families, on the circumstance
that those families make prespecified funds
in the human assets of their kids.

What’s More
Writing Exercise: Defining a Term
Directions: On the topic chosen, write a specific statement using the different Types and Functions
of the Definition of Terms.

Conceptual Definition:

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Operational Definition:

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
What I Can Do

Directions: Provide the necessary information as asked in the 1 st Column. Use a separate sheet of
paper in answering the activity.
Question/Instruction Answer

What is your proposed topic for study?

Write your statement of the problem.

Formulate your hypothesis based on

your statement of the problem

Assessment
Multiple Choice. On a space before each number, write the letter of the best answer.
1. The part of your study that will provide context to the information discussed throughout
the research process.
a. Background of the Study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Significance of the study
2. An analytical tool with several variations and contexts.
a. Scope and delimitation of the study
b. Conceptual Framework
c. Significance of the study
d. Operational Definition
3. The part of your states what the researcher expects to find- it is the tentative answer to
the research question that guides the entire study.
a. Research Significance
b. Research Truth
c. Research Hypothesis
d. Research Operation Definition
4. In making your conceptual framework which is not included in the steps stated below.
a. Conduct a Literature c. Write a Narrative
b. Create a Flow chart d. Do not return and revise
5. Who are the individuals whom they explain clearly the purposes of the problem
statement or inquiry?
a. Marshall and Rossman
b. Marshall Leu and Rose Man
c. F.J. Espania and R. E. Fernandez
d. None of the above
6. It is considered as dictionary terminologies?
a. Operational Definition
b. Conceptual Definition
c. Operational-Conceptual Definition
d. All of the above
7. It is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
a. Conceptual Definition
b. Conceptual Definition-Operational
c. Operational Definition
d. All of the above
8. The part of your study that sets boundaries and parameters of the problem inquiry and
narrows down the scope of the inquiry.
a. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
b. Background of the Study
c. Scope and delimitation of the study
d. Scope and delimitation of the study
9. It will provide information to the reader on how the study will contribute.
a. Significance of the study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Significance of the study
 10. The portion of your study that will provide evidence of academic standards and
procedure.
a. Theory Framework
b. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
c. Concept Framework
d. None of the above
11. According to her a conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint.
a. Maria Marie Florenda
b. Maria Magic
c. Maria Magher
d. Maria June Mandela
12. A part of research that is necessary in the theoretical and conceptual framework.
a. Dependable Variable
b. Independent Variable
c. Dependent Variable
d. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable
13. The section of the study that provides information to the reader on how the study will
contribute.
a. Significance of the study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Operational Definition
d. Glossary of terminology
14. The Theoretical and Conceptual Framework provides.
a. Substantiation c. Confirmation
b. Evidence d. All of the above
15. The part of your study is intended to assist you in understanding commonly used terms
and concepts when reading, interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the
social sciences.
a. Background of the Study
b. Scope and delimitation of the study
c. Glossary of Research Terms
d. Significance of the Study

Additional Activities
A. Library Visit and Internet Exploration  Go to a library or do
research in the internet.  Read at least two research  Make a
report on each research.
 End your library visit with the Actual learnings that you have during your library visit and
internet exploration and make the following to practice what you’ve learned in this module.
 Background of the study
 Conceptual Framework
 Research Hypothesis
 Statement of the problem
 Significance of the study
 Scope and Delimitation of the study
 Definition of terms
References
Crewell, JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Choosing Among Five Traditions. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, 1997.
Cronbach, L.J., and P.E. Meehl. Construct Validity in Psychological Test. Psychological Bulletin,
1995.
Field, Maurice H. Statistics for Research Projects, 1997.
Gaultney, Jane F., and Hannah D. Peach. How To Do Research. Sage Publication, Inc. 2016
Punch, KF. Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Sage
Publication, 2013
V, Michael, and Kimberly A. De Perez. Rethinking Observation Handbook of Qualitative Research.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, 2000.