ম্যাট্রিক্স ও নির্ণায়ক

QNA উচ্চতর গণিত ১ম পত্র
ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক
লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

একাডেণমক পাটট
১. ম্যাট্রিক্সের য াগ-বিক্স াগ-গুন
প্রশ্নের ধরর্ঃ০১
 1 3 2
 
A=  2 0 3 n‡j,
1 − 1 1 
প্রেঃ A3 − 2A2 + A − I wbY©q Ki|
1 3 2 
সম্াধািঃ †Ìqv Av‡Q, A =  2 0 3 ;
 
1 − 1 1 
1 3 2 
GLv‡b, A =  2 0 3
 
1 − 1 1 
1 3 2  1 3 2  GLb, A3 = A2.A
myZivs, A2 =  2 0 3  2 0 3 9 1 13 1 3 2 
    5 3 7   2 0 3
1 − 1 1  1 − 1 1  =    
0 2 0  1 − 1 1 
1 + 6 + 2 3 + 0 − 2 2 + 9 + 2
=  2 + 0 + 3 6 + 0 − 3 4 + 0 + 3 9 + 2 + 13 27 + 0 − 13 18 + 3 + 13
   5 + 6 + 7 15 + 0 − 7 10 + 9 + 7 
 1 − 2 + 1 3 − 0 − 1 2 − 3 + 1  =  
 0 + 4 + 0 0+0+0 0 + 6 + 0 
9 1 13
= 5 3 7   24 14 34 
A = 3  18 8 26 
0 2 0   
 4 0 6 
GLb cÖ`Ë ivwk = A3 − 2A2 + A − I  6 12 8  0 3 2

=  8 2 12  +  2 − 1 3
 
 24 14 34  9 1 13 1 3 2   4 − 4 6  1 − 1 0
=  18 8 26  −2 5 3 7  + 2 0 3 −
 4 0 6  0 2 0  1 − 1 1 
      6 + 0 12 + 3 8 + 2   6 15 10
1 0 0  = 8 + 2 2 − 1 12 + 3 = 10 1 15 (Ans.)
0 1 0   4 + 1 − 4 − 1 6 + 0   5 − 5 6 
0 0 1 
 

 24 14 34  18 2 26 1 3 2 
=  18 8 26  − 10 6 14  +  2 0 3  −
 4 0 6   0 4 0  1 − 1 1 
     
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 
 0 1
 24 − 18 14 − 2 34 − 26  1 −1 3−0 2 − 0
=  18 − 10 8 − 6 26 − 14  + 2 − 0 0 −1 3 − 0
 4−0 0−4 6−0  1 − 0 − 1 − 0 1 − 1 
   
২. বিপরীত ম্যাট্রিে বনর্ণ
3 −4 2
A=[−2 1 0]
1 −1 1
প্রেঃ A-1 ও (A-1)T বনর্ণ কর ।
সম্াধািঃ
1 2 3
(A-1)T=[ 2 5 7 ](Ans.)
−2 −4 −5

৩. প্রম্ার্ সম্পবকণ ত সম্সযািলী
a + b + 2c a b
A= c b + c + 2a b
c a c + a + 2b
প্রেঃ cÖgvY Ki য A= 2(a+b+c)3

a + b + 2c a b − ( a + b + c) 0
= 2(a + b + c)
A= c b + c + 2a b a+b+c − (a + b + c)
c a c + a + 2b
[cÖ_g Kjvg mv‡c‡¶ we¯vi K‡i]
2( a + b + c ) a b −1 0
= 2(a + b + c) b + c + 2a b
= 2(a + b + c) (a+b+c) (a+b+c)
1 −1
2( a + b + c ) a c + a + 2b = 2 (a + b + c) (1−0) 3
= 2 (a + b + c)3
[ c1 = c1+c2+c3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i ]
1 a b a + b + 2c a b
= 2(a + b + c) 1 b + c + 2a b A_©vr, c b + c + 2a b
1 a c + a + 2b c a c + a + 2b
0 − (a + b + c) 0 = 2(a+b+c)3 (cÖgvwYZ)
= 2(a + b + c) 0 a+b+c − (a + b + c)
1 a c + a + 2b
[r1= r1−r2 Ges r2 = r2−r3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i]

প্রশ্নের ধরর্ঃ০২
x y z
2 2
A= x y z2
x3 − 1 y 3 − 1 z3 − 1
প্রশ্নঃ cÖgvY Ki য A = (xyz−1) (x−y) (y−z) (z−x)

x y z x x2 x3 x x2 1
A= x 2
y 2
z 2
= y y 2
y 3
− y y 2
1
x 3 −1 y 3 −1 z 3 −1 z z2 z3 z z2 1
x x2 x3 −1 1 x x2 1 x x2
= y y 2 3
y − 1 [1g, 2q I 3q mvwi‡K 1g, 2q I 3q = xyz 1 y y 2
− 1 y y2
2 3
z z z −1 1 z z 2
1 z z2
Kjv‡g ¯’vcb K‡i] [2q wbY©vq‡K 2q I 3q Kjvg Ges A`j e`j Kivi ci
1g I 2q Kjvg A`j e`j Kiv n‡q‡Q|]
1 x x2 ( x − y) ( x − y)(x + y)
= (xyz−1)
= (xyz−1) 1 y y 2 ( y − z) ( y − z)( y + z)
2
1 z z
1 x+ y
0 x− y x2 − y2 =(xyz−1)(x−y)(y−z)
1 y+z
= (xyz−1) 0 y−z y2 − z2
1 z z2
= (xyz−1)(x−y)(y−z)(y+z−x−y)
[ r1 = r1−r2 Ges r2 = r2 − r3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i]
= (xyz−1)(x−y)(y−z)(z−x)
( x − y) ( x 2 − y 2 )
= (xyz−1)
( y − z) (y2 − z 2 )
[cÖ_g Kjvg mv‡c‡¶ we¯vi K‡i]
x y z
2 2
A_©vr, x y z2 = (xyz−1)(x−y)(y−z)(z−x)
3 3 3
x −1 y −1 z −1
(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

প্রশ্নের ধরর্ঃ০৩
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
A= |𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2 |
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
প্রশ্নঃ cÖgvY Ki য A = 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
A= |𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2|
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3
1 1 1
=𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐|
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2
0 0 1
=𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐 | [𝑐1 ′ = 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 এিং 𝑐2 ′ = 𝑐2 − 𝑐3 প্রক্স াগ কক্সর ]
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 𝑐 2
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 2 |
𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2
2
1 1
=𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐) | |
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐
=𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑏 + 𝑐 − 𝑎 − 𝑏)
=𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)
=ডানপক্ষ (প্রম্াবর্ত)

৪ . যেম্াক্সরর সূ ক্সের প্রক্স াগ
প্রশ্নের ধরর্ঃ০১ 2x + y –z =10 , 3x + 2y + 2z = 1 , 5x + 4y + 3z = 4
প্রেঃ যেম্াক্সরর সাহাক্স য সম্ীকরর্ য াক্সের সম্াধান কর ।

2x + y –z =10 2 10 − 1
3x + 2y + 2z = 1 Dy = 3 1 2
5 4 3
5x + 4y + 3z = 4
= 2 (3 – 8) – 10 (9 – 10) – 1 (12 –
2 1 −1 5)
D= 3 2 2 = –10 + 10 – 7 = – 7
5 4 3
= 2 (6 – 8) – 1( 9 – 10) – 1(12 – 2 1 10
10) Dz = 3 2 1
5 4 4
=–4+1–2
= 2 (8 – 4) – 1 (12 – 5) + 10 (12 – 10)
=–50
= 8 – 7 + 20 = 21
10 1 − 1
Dx = 1 2 2
4 4 3
= 10 (6 – 8) – 1 (3 – 8) – 1 (4 – 8)
= – 20 + 5 + 4 = – 11
Dx – 11 11
x= D = –5 = 5
Dy – 7 7
y= D = –5 = 5
Dz 21 21
Ges Z = D = – 5 = – 5
11 7 21
 mgvavb †mU =  5  5  – 5  Ans.
 


ভাণসটণট পাটট
1. AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·: †Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb bv n‡j, Zv‡K AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb-
A =  1 2 3 -hv 2  3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·|
 2 3 4
 
2. mvwi g¨vwUª·: †h g¨vwUª‡·i GKwU gvÎ mvwi Av‡Q, Zv‡K mvwi g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb- B= [2 3 4] -hv 13 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·|
3. Kjvg g¨vwUª·: †h g¨vwUª‡·i GKwU gvÎ Kjvg Av‡Q, Zv‡K Kjvg g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb-
1
C = 2 -hv 31 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·|
3
1 2 3
4. eM© g¨vwUª·: †h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb, Zv‡K eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb, D = − 1 5 6 -hv 3  3
 2 1 3
µ‡gi g¨vwUª·|
5. k~b¨ g¨vwUª·: †h g¨vwUª‡·i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`vb k~b¨, Zv‡K k~b¨ g¨vwUª· e‡j|
†hgb, E = 00 00 00 -hv 2  3 µ‡gi k~b¨ g¨vwUª·|
 
6. A‡f`K g¨vwUª·: †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb K‡Y©i mKj Dcv`vb 1 Ges Aewkó mKj Dcv`vb k~b¨, Zv‡K A‡f`K
g¨vwUª· e‡j| Bnv‡K I Øviv mywPZ Kiv nq| †hgb-
1 0 0
I = 0 1 0 -hv 3  3 µ‡gi A‡f`K g¨vwUª·|
0 0 1
7. KY© g¨vwUª·: †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb ¸‡jv Ak~b¨ Ges Ab¨ me¸‡jv Dcv`vb k~b¨, Zv‡K KY© g¨vwUª· e‡j|
a 0 0 
†hgb, F = 0 b 0
0 0 c 
8. g¨vwUª· Gi †Uªm: cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi †hvMdj‡K ejv nq g¨vwUª·wUi †Uªm|

7 11 2
D`vniY ¯îƒc, A = 15 19 13
 1 5 10
ZLb, trA = (7 + 19 + 10) = 36
9. A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª·: hw` A GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e A g¨vwUª· Gi †Kv dv±i¸‡jv‡K wb‡q †h g¨vwUª· MVb Kiv nq Zvi
we¤^ g¨vwUª·‡K ejv nq A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª·|
D`vniY ¯îƒc, A = 43 −− 62
 
ZLb,c11 = –6, c12 = –3, c21 = 2 Ges c22= 4
†hLv‡b, c = cc11 cc12  n‡jv mn¸YK (co-factor) g¨vwUª·
 21 22 
GLb A -Gi A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª· n‡e adjA. = −− 63 24

 
10. e¨wZµgx I Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·: †h eM© g¨vwUª· Gi gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j Ges †h eM© g¨vwUª· Gi gvb k~b¨
bq Zv‡K Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j|
†hgb : awi, A = 23 64

 
 detA = (2  6 – 3  4) = 0 i.e., A e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·

11. wÎfyRvK…wZ g¨vwUª·: †h eM© g¨vwUª· Gi gyL¨ ev cÖavb K‡Y©i wbgœ¯’ gvb¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K DaŸ© wÎfyRvK…wZ g¨vwUª· Avi hvi
DaŸ©¯’ mKj Dcv`vb¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K wbgœ wÎfyRvK…wZ g¨vwUª· e‡j|
†hgb,
1 2 3
U = 0 4 5 nj 33 AvK…wZi upper triangular matrix.
0 0 6
1 0 0
L= 2 3 0 nj 33 AvK…wZi Lower triangular matrix.
4 5 6
12. UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· (Transpose matrix): GKwU g¨vwUª· A Gi Kjvg‡K mvwi‡Z A_ev mvwi‡K Kjv‡g
cwiYZ K‡i †h bZzb g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq Zv‡K cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª· A Gi UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· ejv nq Ges G g¨vwUª·‡K A′
1 0 0 1 1 1
T T
ev A Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| A = [1 0 1] n‡j A = [0 0 1]
1 1 0 0 1 0
13. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Symmetric matrix): GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A Ges Gi UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª· AT ci¯úi
1 2 3 1 2 3
T
mgvb n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j| A = [2 6 4] n‡j A = [2 6 4] A_©vr A = AT ; myZivs
3 4 5 3 4 5
A GKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
Examples
Academic Part
2 0 1 DËi: (N) 4
১। [0 2 0] GKwU e¨vL¨v:
1 0 2 ‡Kv‡bv eM© g¨vwUª· A cÖwZmg n‡e hw` A1 = A nq|
(K) KY© g¨vwUª· (L) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· −4 0 −2
(M) †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· (N) e¨w³µg©x g¨vwUª· 1
DÏxc‡Ki g¨vwUª·wU A n‡j A = [ 0 5 4 ]
DËi: (L) cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· −2 a 0
2 0 1 2 0 1 −4 0 −2
e¨vL¨v: [0 2 0] = [0 2 0] GLb, A1 = A ZvB, [ 0 5 4 ] =
1 0 2 1 0 2 −2 a 0
 Bnv cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· −4 0 −2
উল্লেখ্য, `yBwU g¨vwUª· mgvb n‡j Zv‡ì Abyiƒc [0 5 a ]
fzw³¸‡jv mgvb nq| −2 4 0
a=4
−4 0 −2
২। a Gi gvb KZ n‡j [ 0 5 a ] g¨vwUª·wU 4 0 0
−2 4 0 ৩। [0 4 0] GKwU-
cÖwZmg n‡e? 0 0 4
(K) −4 (L) −2 i. eM© Matrix ii. KY© Matrix
(M) 0 (N) 4 iii. †¯‹jvi Matrix

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. KY© g¨vwUª·

(K) i, ii (L) i, iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
e¨vL¨v: (M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
i. ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb Zv‡K DËi: (L) i, iii
eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j| AZGe, GwU GKwU eM© g¨vwUª·| e¨vL¨v: †Kv‡bv eM© g¨vwUª· Ges Zvi we¤^ g¨vwUª· GKB
ii. ‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb KY© eivei f‚w³¸wj e¨Zx©Z n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j|
Ab¨vb¨ mKj f‚w³¸‡jv k~b¨ n‡j Zv‡K KY© 3 0 0
g¨vwUª· ejv nq| A= [0 4 0]
AZGe, GwU GKwUKY© g¨vwUª·| 0 0 5
iii. ‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb KY© GKB msL¨v Øviv MwVZ A g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi‡Z Kjv‡g Ges Kjvg‡K mvwi‡Z
Ges Ab¨vb¨ fzw³¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K †¯‹jvi cwieZ©b Ki‡j A Gi we¤^ g¨vwUª· (AT ) cvIqv
g¨vwUª· e‡j| hv‡e|
AZGe, GwU GKwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·| 3 0 0
𝑇
‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jv: mKj †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·B KY© A = [0 4 0]
g¨vwUª· wKš‘ mKj KY© g¨vwUª· †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· bq| 0 0 5
 A = AT
1 0 0  A GKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· bq|
৪। A = [0 2 0] GKwU-  ‡Kv‡bv eM© g¨vwUª‡·i gyL¨ K‡Y©i fzw³ e¨ZxZ Aci
0 0 3 mKj fzw³ k~b¨ n‡j Zv‡K KY© g¨vwUª· e‡j|
i. eM© g¨vwUª· ii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·  A GKwU KY© g¨vwUª·|
iii. KY© g¨vwUª·  ‡Kv‡bv KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Ak~b¨ Dcv`vb¸‡jv mgvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? n‡j Zv‡K †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· e‡j|
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii  A GwUK †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·|
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
DËi: (L) i, iii ৬। KY© g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î -
e¨vL¨v: i. aij ≠ 0, i = j
GLv‡b, A GKwU- ii. aij = 0, i > j
i. eM© g¨vwUª· †Kbbv Kjvg I mvwii msL¨v ci¯úi iii. aij = 0 , i < j
mgvb|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· bq, †Kbbv Gi Ak~b¨ f‚w³¸wj
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii
mgvb bq|
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii
iii. GwU KY© g¨vwUª·, †Kbbv Gi g~L¨ K‡Y©i f‚w³¸‡jv
DËi: (M) ii, iii
e¨ZxZ Aewkó bq fzw³¸wj k~b¨|
e¨vL¨v: KY© g¨vwUª‡·i gyL¨ K‡b©i f‚w³ eªwZZ mKj fyw³i
myZivs, mwVK DËi (L)
gvb k~b¨|
a11 a21 a31
3 0 0
[a12 a22 a32 ] gyL¨ KY©
৫। A = (0 4 0) GKwU g¨vwUª·| a13 a23 a33
0 0 5 Dc‡iv³ g¨vwUª·wU KY© g¨vwUª· n‡j a11 ≠ 0, a22 ≠
A GKwU-
0, a33 ≠ 0
i. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
Ges a12 = a21 = a23

= a11 = a12 = 0 AZGe, GwU GKwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·|

 KY© g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î, ‡R‡b ivLv fv‡jv: mKj †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·B KY©
i = j n‡j aij ≠ 0 g¨vwUª· wKš‘ mKj KY© g¨vwUª· †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· bq|
2 −4
i > j A_ev i > j n‡j aij = 0 ৮। [ ] GKwU-
−4 −8
i. eM© g¨vwUª· ii. e¨wKµxg g¨vwUª·
4 0 0
৭। [0 4 0] GKwU- iii. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
0 0 4
i. eM© Matrix ii. KY© Matrix (K) i, ii (L) ii, iii
iii. †¯‹jvi Matrix (M) i, iii (N) i, ii, iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? DËi: (M) i, −ii
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii 2 −4
e¨vL¨v: [ ] Bnv eM© g¨vwUª·
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, iii −4 −8
e¨vL¨v: 2 −4 T 2 −4
[ ] = [ ] Bnv cÖwZmg
−4 −8 −4 −8
i. ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb Zv‡K g¨vwUª·
eM© g¨vwUª· e‡j| AZGe, GwU GKwU eM© g¨vwUª·| 2 −4 ( )( ) ( )
ii. ‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb KY© eivei f‚w³¸wj e¨Zx©Z [ ] = 2 8 − −4 (−4)
−4 −8
Ab¨vb¨ mKj f‚w³¸‡jv k~b¨ n‡j Zv‡K KY© = −16 − 16
g¨vwUª· ejv nq| = 32 ≠ 0
AZGe, GwU GKwUKY© g¨vwUª·| e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· bq
iii. ‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb KY© GKB msL¨v Øviv MwVZ
Ges Ab¨vb¨ fzw³¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K †¯‹jvi
g¨vwUª· e‡j|
Theory
g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM, we‡qvM (Addition and subtraction of matrices): `yBwU g¨vwUª· †hv‡Mi ev we‡qv‡Mi
Dc‡hvMx n‡e hw` Zv‡ì µg (order) GKB nq A_©vr mvwi msL¨v I Kjvg msL¨v mgvb nq| A I B g¨vwUª‡·i
Abyiƒc f‚w³¸wj‡K †hvM ev we‡qvM K‡i g¨vwUª·Ø‡qi h_vµ‡g †hvMdj ev we‡qvMdj cvIqv hvq|
1 2 3 10 11 12
A = [4 5 6] Ges B = [13 14 15] Dfq g¨vwUª‡·i µg 3 × 3 e‡j Zviv †hv‡Mi ev we‡qv‡Mi
7 8 9 16 17 18
1 2 3 10 11 12
Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Ges A + B = [4 5 6] + [13 14 15]
7 8 9 16 17 18
1 + 10 2 + 11 3 + 12 11 13 15
=[4 + 13 5 + 14 6 + 15]=[17 19 21]
7 + 16 8 + 17 9 + 18 23 25 27

1 2 3 10 11 12 1 − 10 2 − 11 3 − 12
A − B = [4 5 6] − [13 14 15]= [4 − 13 5 − 14 6 − 15]=
7 8 9 16 17 18 7 − 16 8 − 17 9 − 18
−9 −9 −9
[−9 −9 −9]
−9 −9 −9
g¨vwUª‡·i †¯‹jvi ¸wYZK (Scalar multiple of a matrix): K GKwU aªæe (costant) msL¨v Ges A
GKwU g¨vwUª· n‡j KA Ggb GKwU g¨vwUª· hvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU fzw³ A Gi cÖwZm½x fzw³i K ¸Y| A_©vr †Kv‡bv g¨vwUªK&
A †K †Kv‡bv aªe msL¨v K Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j KA g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZwU fzw³‡K K Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb, A =
𝑎11 𝑎21 𝑎13 𝐾𝑎11 𝐾𝑎12 𝐾𝑎13
[𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ] n‡j, KA = [𝐾𝑎21 𝐾𝑎22 𝐾𝑎23 ] n‡e|
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝐾𝑎31 𝐾𝑎32 𝐾𝑎33
Examples
Academic Part
2 −3 3 5 1
১। A+B=[ ] Ges A − B =
4 −1 ২। A = [4 0 2] n‡j A − 2l = ?
4 5 1 6 4
[ ] n‡j wb‡¤œi †KvbwU B g¨vwUª·?
−2 7 5 5 1 1 5 1
−1 −4 −1 1 (K) [4 2 2] (L) [4 −2 2]
(K) [ ] (L) [ ]
3 −4 3 3 1 6 6 1 6 2
6 2 3 1 1 3 −1
(M) [ ] (N) [ ]
2 6 1 3 (M) [4 0 2 ] (N)
−1 −4
DËi: (K) [ ] 1 6 4
3 −4 1 3 −1
2 −3
e¨vL¨v: A + B = [ ] … … . . (i) [ 2 −2 0 ]
4 −1
4 5 −1 4 2
A−B= [ ] … … (ii) 1 5 1
−2 7
i − ii  A + B − A + B DËi: [4 −2 2]
2 −3 4 5 1 6 2
=[ ]−[ ] e¨vL¨v: এখ্াল্লে I হল্লে একটি অল্লেদক ম্যাটিক্স এবং প্রল্লের
4 −1 −2 7
2 −4 −3 −5 সুববধাল্লথ ইহার
ে ক্রম্ (3x3) ধল্লর নেওয়া হল্লয়ল্লে।
ev, 2B = [ ]
4 +2 −1 −7
1 −2 −8 2 0 0
B= [ ] 2l = [0 2 0]
2 6 −8
−1 −4 0 0 2
=[ ] 3 5 1
3 −4
A= [4 0 2]
1 6 4

3 5 1 2 0 0 1 5 1
 A − 2l = [4 0 2] − [0 2 0] = [4 −2 2]
1 6 4 0 0 2 1 6 2
3−2 5−0 1−0
= [4 − 0 0 − 2 2 − 0]
1−0 6−0 4−2
Admission Part
 x −1  8 −1 8 −1
C. 
0
D. 
 1 0 2 1 0
− 1 2 0 
1  =  − 1
১।   +  z  x, y Ges z Gi 6 9 − 5 6 9 − 5
 2 0   2 − 3   y − 3  Soln: [C] Use calculator
gvb n‡e? 1 −2 3 2 3 5 
৪। A=  Ges B =   n‡j A + B =
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 4, 3 5 1 − 4  1 4 − 6
C. 3, –3, 4 D. –1, 2, 3 E. None A. 2 2 5
B.
Soln:[B] 1 2 4
3 1 8 
২। A = 1 2  , B = 3 4 n‡j A –B = KZ? 6 5 − 10
4 − 3 6 7  
1 3 4
A. 2 2 B. − 2 2  C. 5 6 7  D.
2 10 2 − 10  
 
− 2 †KvbwUB bq
C. − 2 − 2  D.  2 E.  2 2
1 + 2 − 2 + 3 3+5 
− 2 − 10 − 2 10  − 2 10 Soln: [B] A+B = 
5 + 1 1 + 4 − 4 − 6
1 2  3 4
Soln: [C] A =   ,B= 
4 − 3 6 7  = 
3 1 8 

 1 − 3 2 − 4  − 2 −2 6 5 −10
A–B =  = 
4 − 6 − 3 − 7  − 2 − 10 ৫। 1 
A =   Ges B = 2 3 n‡j †hvMdj KZ?
 6
2 − 1 3   6 0 − 3
৩। Ges B= n‡j
A= 
 3 6 − 4 3 3 − 1
 A. 3 B. [3 9]
9
(A+B) Gi gvb-
C. [8 4] D. †hvM Kiv hv‡e bv
B. 
4 5 6
A. 3 4 1  Soln: [D]
2 3 6 7 9 10
Theory
ম্যাট্রিক্সের ক্রম্ঃ cÖ_‡g mvwi msL¨v wj‡L µm () wPý w`‡q c‡i Kjvg msL¨v wjL‡j, Zv‡K g¨vwUª‡·i µg (Order)
e‡j|
g¨vwUª‡·i Dcv`vb¸‡jv mvaviYZ [ ] ev, ( ) eÜbx Øviv Ave× Kiv nq|
 a 11 a 12 a 13 
†hgb- A = a 21 a 22 a 23  g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 3 wU Ges Kjvg msL¨vwU msL¨v 3 wU Ges Order: 3  3.
a a 32 a 33 
 31
ম্যাট্রিক্সের গুণঃ `yÕwU g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v wØZxq g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨vi mgvb n‡Z
nq|

Technique: `yÕwU g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi eivei Ae¯’v‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mv‡_ wØZxq
g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg eivei Ae¯’v‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ¸Y K‡i gvSLv‡b †hvM wPý emv‡Z nq|†hgb- A = 13 24 Ges
 
B = 3 4 5 n‡j, AB Ges BA wbY©q Ki|
6 7 8
AB wbY©q: A g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v 2-hv B g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 2 Gi mgvb| myZivs AB wbY©q m¤¢e|
1 3 + 2  6 1 4 + 2  7 1 5 + 2  8 
 AB =  = 
15 18 21
  3 + 4  6 3  4 + 4  7 3  5 + 4  8
3  33 40 47  23
গুণফল ম্যাট্রিক্সের ক্রম্ঃ `yÕwU g¨vwUª‡·i ¸Ydj g¨vwUª·wUi Order nq cÖ_g g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi Ges wØZxq g¨vwUª·wUi
Kjvg msL¨vi ¸Yd‡ji mgvb|]
BA wbY©q: B g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v 3-hv A g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 2 Gi mgvb bq| myZivs BA wbY©q m¤¢e bq|
Examples
Academic Part
১। A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 23 Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg 42 0
n‡j BA g¨vwUª‡·i µg KZ? ৩। P = [1 2 3] I Q = [1] n‡j PQ Gi gvb -
(K) 24 (L) 34 2
(K) [8] (L) [1476]
(M) 43 (N) 32 0
DËi: (M) 43 (M) [2] (N) |0 2 6 |
e¨vL¨v: µg wbY©‡qi wbqg: 1g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwii msL¨v  6
2q g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v| myZivs, g¨vwUª‡·i µg DËi: (K) [8]
= 43 0
 mZK©Zv: g¨vwUª·Øq ¸Yb‡hvM¨ wKbv †Lqvj রvL‡Z e¨vL¨v: P = [1 2 3]. Q = [1]
n‡e| ¸Yb‡hvM¨ nIqvi kZ©: 1g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg 2
0
= 2q g¨vwU‡·i mvwi| PQ= [1 2 3] [1]
2
২। A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 24 Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg 43 = [1.0 + 2.1 + 3.2]
n‡j, AB Gi µg †KvbwU? = [0 + 2 + 6]
(K) 24 (L) 23 = [8]
(M) 32 (N) 44
DËi: (L) 23 ৪। A I B gvwUª·Ø‡qi µg h_vµ‡g 45 Ges 54
e¨vL¨v: `ywU g¨vwUª· ¸Yb †hvM¨ nIqvi kZ©: 1g g¨vwUª‡·i n‡j AB g¨vwUª‡·i µg -
Kjvg= 2q g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi| (K) 45 (L) 54
¸Y‡bi wbqg: 1g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi  2q g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg: (M) 44 (N) 55
Avi µg wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î, 1g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi  2q DËi: (M) 44
gvwUª‡·i Kjvg| †hgb:
A → (24). B → (43) n‡j, AB = 23

1  PQ Gi µg (24). (41) = 21

1 2 3 4
৫। P = [ ] Ges Q = [2] n‡j PQ
2 3 4 5 3
৬। A g¨vwUª‡·i pn Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg nm
4
Gi µg KZ? n‡j AB g¨vwUª‡·i µg †KvbwU?
(K) 12 (L) 21 (K) pm (L) np
(M) 41 (N) 44 (M) mn (N) mp
DËi: (L) 21 DËi: (K) pm
1 e¨vL¨v: AB g¨vwUª‡·i µg = A Gi mvwi msL¨v  B
1 2 3 4 Gi Kjg msL¨v
e¨vL¨v: P = [ ] Ges Q = [2]
2 3 4 5 3 A Gi µg = pn, B Gi µg = nm
4  AB Gi µg = pm
P Gi µg 24 Ges Q Gi µg 41
Admission Part
১। hw` A =  10 05 , B =  52 10  nq, ZLb AB nq- 3 0  2 0   6 + 0 0 + 0
    AB =     =  
 5 1   0 − 3 10 + 0 0 − 3 
A.  2 05 
5 B.  5 0  C.  6 0  D. 6 0 
  10 5   2 6 =   Ans.
 8 1  10 − 3 
12 5  ৪। hw` A =  02 -03  , B =  3 0  nq, Z‡e AB mgvb-
1 0 5 0  5+0   5 1
Soln: [B] A.B =     = 
 0 5 2 1  0 + 10 A.  6

0 
 B.  3 − 1 
0 + 0  − 15 − 3   2 − 5

0 + 5  C.  1 0
  D. 1

− 2

 5 0  − 2 15  0 5 
=   2 0  3 0  6+0
10 5  Soln: [A] A.B =    = 
 1 i  i − 1  0 − 3  5 1   0 − 15
২। A = − i 1 , B= − 1 − i  Ges i = –1 n‡j 0 + 0
    
0 − 3 
AB Gi gvb n‡e-
1 0 0 0   i 0 i 1  6 0 
A. B. C. D. =  
0 1 
 
0 0 
 
0 i 
 
1 i 
   −15 − 3 
Soln: [B] A I B matrix Gi 1g mvwi I Kjvg ¸Y b 
৫। hw` x = a b Ges y =  , Zv n‡j xy n‡e-
Ki‡j cvB, 1.i – i.1 = 0, hv AB matrix Gi 1g a 
Dcv`vb, hv †Kej B bs option G-B Av‡Q| myZivs ab
A. 2ab B.  
mwVK DËi Option B| ab
৩। hw` A =  53 10 , B =  02 −03  nq, Z‡e AB mgvb- C. ab ab D. m¤¢e
    bq
 6
A. 15 −13 0  B.  3 − 1 
b 
   2 − 5 Soln: [A] xy = [a b]   = [ab + ab] = [2ab]
 6 0  a 
C.  D.
10 − 3  ৬। A = 2 − 1 , B =  3 2  n‡j AB n‡e:
 6 0  3 5 − 1 5
10 3 
Soln: [C]

A. 5 − 3 B. 7 − 1 Soln: [B] Use calculator

4 31   4 31
  1 2 3 4
১২। X =   , Y = 6 7 n‡j X−Y = KZ?
C. 4 − 3 D. 5 9 E. 7 − 1 4 − 3   
 31 5  4 31 5 31 
     2 2 − 2 2 
A.   B. 
Soln: [B] 2 10 2 − 10
2 − 1  3 2 6 +1 4−5
− 2 −2 2 − 2
AB = 3 5  − 1 5 = = C.  D.  E.
    9−5 6 + 25  
− 2 − 10 − 2 10 
7 − 1
4 2 2 
 31 2 −10
 
৭। hw` A = 0 1 Ges B = 1 Z‡e AB Gi gvb KZ? Soln: [C] use calculator.
1 2 2 1 0
 2 1  ১৩। hw` A =  2
 nq Z‡e A g¨vwUª·wU †ei Ki|
A.   B.    3 4 
5   2 1 0 1 15
A.   B.  
0 1
C.   D.   E. 5 15 16 0 16
1 3 2
  15 16 0 1
C.  D.  E.
0 + 2   2 1 0  
16 12
Soln: [A] AB = 1 + 4  = 5
    1 0
0 1
13 12
৮। A=
1 
 Ges B =   n‡j AB = KZ?  
1 2   2 Soln: [A] use calculator.
1 0 
A.   B. 2 C. 2 D. 5  ১৪। 0 1 
A=
1 
 Ges B =   n‡j AB Gi gvb KZ?
5  5  3   1 2  2
0 + 2   2
B.  
2
Soln: [B] AB =   =   Ans. A. 0 C. 5 D. 3
1 + 4  5 5 5 2 5
       
৯। hw` 1 2 
A=
1 0 
nq Z‡e A2+2A−11l n‡e- Soln: [B] Use calculator
, I =  
 4 − 3 0 1  3 0 0  x   9 
১৫। 0  g¨vwUª·wU mgvavb Ki‡j = KZ?
0   
  y  =  − 4
C. 
1 1
B. 
0 0 2
A. 1 0   D. 
 5
0 0 z    15 

0 1
  0 1  0 1
A. (0, 0, 0) B. (3, -2, 3)
 0 0
 0 0 C. (3, -2, -3) D. (0, -2, 0) E. (0, 0, 3)
  3 0 0  x  9
Soln: [D] Use calculator Soln: [B] 0 2 0   y  − 4
   =  
১০। A Ges B g¨vwUª· `ywUi gvÎv (order) h_vµ‡g 23 0 0 5  z   15 
Ges 35 n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨?
3x = 9 x=3
A. BA msÁvwqZ n‡e B. AB msÁvwqZ n‡e
2y = –4  y = –2
C. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 52 D. AB Gi gvÎv n‡e 5z = 15 z=3
33 3 2   x  5 
Soln: [B] ১৬।     =   n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ?
1 
 1 − 2   y  7 
১১। A =   , B = 3 2 g¨vwUª· `ywUi ¸Ydj n‡e- A. –3, 2 B. 3, –2
 6
C. 3, 2 D. 2, 3 E. ï× DËi
A.  12
18 B. 3 2
18 12 †bB
3 2  
3 6 Soln: [B]
C.  D. 9 6
 3 6  3 2   x  = 75
9 12   1 − 2  y   

 3x + 2 y = 5  2  1 1
1 0 3 0 − 1 3 AB = KZ?
 x − 2y = 7 ২২। g‡b Ki A =   Ges B =
 3 1 1  
Solving x = 3, y = –2 1  0 4
 1 1
১৭। M =   n‡j M 2 n‡e- 5 1 13 5 3
 0 1  A.   B.  1 1 
 3 1 1  
A. 2 B. 4 13 1
1 2 1 − 2 5 1 3
C.   D.  
C. 
5 13
0 1 0 1   D. 3 2 1 E.
 3 1  
Soln: [C] 2 1 5
 1 1  1 1 1+ 0 1+1 3 1 2
 M2 = M.M =     =  
 0 1  0 1  0 + 0 0 + 1  2 3 1
 
1 2 5 5 12
=  
0 1 Soln: [A] GLv‡b, A matrix Gi order 23 Ges B
১৮। hw` A =  02 03 , B =  53 10  nq Z‡e AB mgvb- matrix Gi order 33 | Avgiv Rvwb, A matrix Gi
   
 6 0  order mn I B matrix Gi order np n‡j AB
A.  B.  −25 83 
 − 15 − 3    Gi order mp. So GLv‡b AB Gi order n‡e 23
C.  6 1 
 D.  15 −− 62  hv †Kej Ackb A †ZB Av‡Q| So Ans. A.
 − 5 − 3  
 1 − 2
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
১৯। A = ( ) Ges (and) B = ( ), ২৩। hw` A = 1 0 2 Ges  2 3  Z‡e AB-Gi
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑  
0 1 3   − 3 1 
AB = ? 
A. gvb KZ?
−2 2 0 0 0 0 −2 −2 A. 48 B. 36
( ) B. ( ) C. ( ) D. ( )
−2 2 0 0 3 0 2 2 C. −30 D.12 E. 24
[Ans: D] Soln: Option n‡Z cvB cÖwZwUi AB
Soln: [C] use calculator.
Matrix Gi Dcv`vb wfbœ| ZvB †KejgvÎ a12 Gi gvb
1 − 2 0 
†ei Ki‡jB Ans. cvIqv hv‡e| ২৪। A = [2 1] Ges B =  n‡j AB= ?
4 5 − 3
22 – 23 = –2, hv †KejgvÎ D bs option G
Av‡Q| A. [6 1 −3] B. [2 1
 2 − 2 − 4 −3]
 
২০। g¨vwUª· A =  − 1 3 4  n‡j A Gi gvb n‡e-
2 C. [6 4 −3] D. [1 1
 1 − 2 − 3
  −2]
A. –A B. 0 Soln: [A] AB = [2 + 4 – 4 + 5 0 – 3] =
C. 2A D. A E. I [6 1 –3]
0 1
Soln: [D] By using calculator Ans. D ২৫। A=  n‡j A2 Gi gvb KZ?
1 0
২১। hw` X = [a b] Ges Y = [b a], Zv n‡j XY n‡e
1 0
A. [2ab] B. [ab ab] A. −1 B. +1 C. 0 1 D.
1 0  0 1
ab
C.   D. [0] E. m¤¢e bq Soln: [D] †KvbIdentity matrix †K square Ki‡j
ab
Zvi gvb GKB _v‡K|
Soln: [E] X = [a, b], Y = [b, a]
২৬। hw` A =  2 - 3  nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb-
Avgiv Rvwb, 1g matrix Gi Kjvg I 2q matrix Gi 3 2 
mvwi mgvb n‡jB †Kej matrix ¸Yb m¤¢e| GLv‡b X −
A.  5 12  B.  −512 −512 
Gi Kjvg I Y Gi mvwi equal bv| So ¸Y Kiv m¤¢e  − 12 5   
bq|

C.  − 5 12   − 5 − 12 
D.  2 −6 −8  2 6 8 
    2 11 0 
 12 − 5   12 − 5  A. − 2 − 11 0  B.  

 2 − 3  2 − 3  − 8 − 78 − 16 8 78 −16
Soln: [D] A2 = A.A =    
3 2  3 2   2 −6 −8 
C.  2 −4 0  D. †KvbwUB bq
− 6 − 6  − 5 − 12 
=  4 − 9  =  

− 8 78 − 16
6 + 6 − 9 + 4  12 − 5 
২৭। hw` g¨vwUª· A = [−2 −1 3] nq Ges I GKwU 3  3 Soln: [A] Use calculator
BDwbU g¨vwU· nq Zvn‡j AI= ৩২। hw` A =  10 −01  Ges X =  yx  nq Zvn‡j AX
   
A. 0 B. [0 0 0] C. [−2 −1 3] mgvb-
D. AmsÁvwqZ
n A. X =  −yx  B. X =  −yx 
Sol : [C] †h †Kvb g¨vwÆ· †K BDwbU g¨vwÆ· Øviv ¸Y    
Ki‡j GKB _v‡K| C. X =  −xy  D.
3 1   
২৮। [1 2] =?  − y
1 2  X= 
 x 
3 2
A.   B. [5 4] C. [5 5] D. [3 2]  0 − 1  x 0 − y
1 4 Soln: [D] AX =     =   =
1 0   y  x + 0
3 1
Soln: [C] 1 2   = 3 + 2 1 + 4 = 5,5 − y
1 2  
 x 
3 2   x  5
২৯। 1 − 2  y  = 7  n‡j x Ges y Gi gvb KZ? a b
     ৩৩। M =   n‡j Mx = †KvbwU?
0 c 
A. x = –2, y = 3 B. x = 2, y = –3
ax b  a bx  ax b
C. x = 2, y = 3 D. ï× DËi †bB E. mgvavb A.   B.   C.   D.
m¤¢e bq  o cx o c   o c
3 2   x 5 ax bx 
Soln: [D]    =   o cx 
1 − 2  y  7  
a b
 3x + 2y = 5 ---- (i) Soln: [D] M =  
x – 2y = 7 ---- (ii) 0 c 
(i) + (ii)  4x = 12 ax bx 
 Mx =  
x=3  0 cx 
(ii)  3 – 2y = 7 Note: here, x is a scalar .So we will do just
 2y = – 4 y = –2 matrix scalar multiplication. If x is a
৩০। hw` A, B I C wZbwU g¨vwUª· Ges AB = AC nq matrix, than it is necessary to define the
Z‡e order of matrix x]
 2 3 1 0
A. B = C n‡eB B. B = C bvI n‡Z cv‡i ৩৪। hw` X =   Ges Y = 0 1 Zv n‡j
 − 4 − 5  
C. C, B Gi we¤^ (Transpose) g¨vwUª· n‡e
D. †KvbwU bq XY=?
Soln: [B] A. -X B. X C. Y D. -Y
 5 −7 1  3 2 1 Soln: [B] †h †Kvb g¨vwU· †K Identity matrix Øviv
৩১। hw` 
A = − 1 2 −3,
 
B =  2 3 2
 nq, Z‡e ¸Y Ki‡j GKB matrix _v‡K|
 4 − 2 − 16 1 5 1  ৩৫। g¨vwUª· A Gi gvÎv 24 Ges g¨vwU· B Gi gvÎv
AB = 43 n‡j, AB-Gi gvÎv
A. 2  3 B. 4  2 C. 3  2 D. 3  4

Soln: [A] Matrix A Gi gvÎv m n I B Gi gvÎv

n  p n‡j AB Gi gvÎv n‡e m  p
Theory
g¨vwUª‡·i mgZv (Equality of Matrices): `yBwU g¨vwUª· A I B mgvb n‡e hw` I †Kej hw`, Zv‡ì µg
(Order) mgvb nq GesZv‡ì Abyiƒc fzw³¸wj mgvb nq| A_©vr A = B hw` I †Kej hw`, (i) 𝐴 Ges B Gi
mgvb msL¨K mvwi _v‡K, (ii)𝐴 Ges B Gi mgvb msL¨K Kjvg _v‡K, (iii) 𝐴 Gi mvwi ev Kjv‡gi †hv‡Kv‡bv fzw³
B Gi mvwi ev Kjv‡gi Abyiƒc fzw³i mgvb nq|
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3
[𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 ] = [𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 ] hw` I †Kej hw`, a1 = 𝑥1 , a2 = 𝑥2 ,a3 = 𝑥3 ,b1 =
1 2 3 1 2 3
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 4
𝑦1 ,b2 = 𝑦2 Avevi, [ ] = [ ] hw` I †Kej hw` 2x + 3y = 4 Ges x − y = 7
𝑥−𝑦 7
Calculator Tricks
Examples
Academic Part
3 1 6 x 3x + y 6
১। A = [ ], B = [ ], X = [y] Ges  [ ]=[ ]
2 0 4 2x + 0 4
AX = B n‡j (x, y) = KZ? A_©vr, 3x + y = 6 … … … … . (i)
(K) (2, 0) (L) (2, 2) 2x = 4 .................. (ii)
(M) (2, 4) (N) (4, −3) (ii) bs n‡Z x = 2 GB gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q cvB,
DËi: (K) (2, 0) 32 + y = 6
3 1 x 3x + y  y=6−6=0
e¨vL¨v: AX = [ ] [y] = [ ]
2 0 2x + 0  (x, y) ≡ (2, 0)
cÖkœvbymv‡i, AX = B
Admission Part
১। hw` a b − 1 c = 1 2 3 Zv n‡j- Soln: [D] [a b–1 c] = [1 2 3]
A. a = -1, b=-3, c=3 B. d = -1, b =3, c = This is a column matrix. So the
3 corresponding elements are equal that’s
C. a = -1, b = -3, c = -3 D. a = 1, b = 3, c = why
3 a = 1, b – 1 = 2  b = 3, c = 3
Theory
‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki †h‡Kv‡bv mvwi ev Kjv‡gi f‚w³mg~n I Zv‡ì wbR wbR mn¸Y‡Ki ¸Yd‡ji mgwóB wbY©vq‡Ki
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎11 𝑎12
gvb| 2 × 2 AvKv‡ii wbY©vqK |𝑎 𝑎 𝑎22 𝑎23 | wbY©vq‡Ki
21 𝑎22 | Gi gvb a11 𝑎22 − 𝑎23 𝑎12 | | 21
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

a11 , 𝑎12 , 𝑎13 fzw³¸wji mn¸YK h_vµ‡g A1 , 𝐴2 , 𝐴3 n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e a11 𝐴1 + 𝑎12 𝐴2 + 𝑎13 𝐴3
𝑎21 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22
= a11 |𝑎 𝑎33 | + 𝑎12 × ( −1 ) | 𝑎31 𝑎33 | + 𝑎13 |𝑎31 𝑎32 |
31
wbY©vq‡Ki Abyivwk Ges mn¸YK (Minor and Cofactor of determinant): †Kv‡bv wbY©vqK D Gi
†Kv‡bv fzw³ †h mvwi I †h Kjv‡g Aew¯’Z †m mvwi I †mKjvg e¨ZxZ Aewkó fzw³ Øviv MwVZ wbY©vq‡Ki D³ fzw³i
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
Abyivwk ejv nq| †hgb, |𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 | wbY©vq‡Ki a11 , 𝑎12 , 𝑎13 Gi A_©vr (1, 1)(1, 2), (1, 3) − Zg
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22
fzw³i Abyivwk h_vµ‡g |𝑎 | , |
𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎33 | Ges | 𝑎31 𝑎32 |
32
h_vh_ wPýhy³ †Kv‡bv fzw³i Abyivwk‡K †m fzw³i mn¸YK ejv nq| †Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki (r, c) − Zg mn¸Y‡Ki
wPý n‡e (−1)𝑟+𝑐 A_©vr (r + c) †Rvo n‡j wPý Ô+Õ Ges (r + c) we‡Rvo n‡j wP‡ý Ô−Õ n‡e| Z…Zxq gvÎvi
+ − +
wbY©vq‡Ki wPý |− + −| A_©vr †KvYv‡KvwY Aew¯’Z Dcv`b 5wUi wPý Ô+Õ Ges Aci 4wUi wPý Ô−Õ|
+ − +
𝑎11 𝑏12 𝑐13
‡hgb, |𝑎21 𝑏22 𝑐23 | wbY©vq‡Ki (1, 1), (1, 2) − Zg fzw³i mn¸YK h_vµ‡g
𝑎31 𝑏32 𝑐33
𝑏22 𝑐23 𝑎 𝐶23
| | , − | 21 |
𝑏32 𝑐33 𝑎31 𝑐33
e¨wZµg (Singular) I Ae¨wZµgx (NOsingular) g¨vwUª·

‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· Ges †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb Ak~b¨ Zv‡K
Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· e‡j| †hgb-
2 −3 2 3
[ ] GKwU 2 × 2 e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· Ges [ ] GKwU 2 × 2 Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·|
4 −6 4 −6
e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·mg~‡ni †Kv‡bv wecixZ g¨vwUª· _v‡K bv|
Examples
Academic Part
0 1 3 6
১। | | Gi gvb †KvbwU? ২। k Gi gvb KZ n‡j, [ ] g¨vwUª·wU
2 −1 5 k
(K) −3 (L) −2 e¨wZµgx n‡e?
(M) 2 (N) 3 (K) −10 (L) 0
DËi: (L) −2 (M) 3 (N) 10
0 1 DËi: (N) 10
eªvL¨v: | | Gi gvb
2 −1 3 6
= (0 − 1) − (21) e¨vL¨v: [ ] g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡Z n‡j, 3k −
5 k
=0−2 30 = 0
= −2 ev, 3k = 30

 k = 10 wbY©vq‡Ki mvg‡b (−) ev FYvZ¥K wPý ewm‡q

α1 β1 γ1 mn¸YK Ki‡Z n‡e|
৩। A = | α2 −β2 γ2 | Gi gvb - α 0
৫। A = | | , ∀α ∈ N GKwU-
−α3 β2 −γ3 0 α
α1 α2 −α3 i. eM© g¨vwUª·
i. |β1 −β2 β3 | Gi gv‡bi mgvb ii. Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·
γ1 γ2 γ3 iii. †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
α1 + cβ2 α2 − α3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. |β1 + cβ2 −β2 β3 | Gi gv‡bi mgvb (K) i, ii (L) i, iii
γ1 + cγ2 γ2 − γ3 (M) i (N) i, ii, iii
α1 β1 γ1
DËi: (N) i, ii, iii
iii. |−α3 β2 −γ3 | Gi gv‡bi mgvb
α 0
α2 −β2 γ2 e¨vL¨v: A = | |
0 α
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. †h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v mgvb Zv‡K ejv
(K) i (L) i, ii nq eM© g¨vwUª·| †h‡nZz A g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi I Kjvg
(M) i, iii (N) i, ii, iii msL¨v mgvb ZvB GwU GKwU eM©g¨vwUª·|
DËi: (K) i ii. ‡Kv‡bv eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ bq H
e¨vL¨v: †Kv‡bv eM© g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg¸‡jv‡K mvwi‡Z wKsev g¨vwUª·‡K ejv nq Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·|
mvwi¸‡jv‡K Kjv‡g cwi Ki‡j Gig vb †Kv‡bv |A| = α2 − 0= α2
cwieZ©b nq bv| |A| ≠ 0 ZvB GwU GKwU Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·|
3 2 4
iii. ‡h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb KY© GKB aªæeK msL¨v Øviv
৪। [0 3 6 ] wbY©vqKwUi -
MVZ Ges fzw³¸‡jv k~b¨ Zv‡K †¯‹jvi
1 −1 −2
i. gvb 0 g¨vwUª· e‡j|
ii. (2, 3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 5 AZGe, A GKwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·|
2 3
iii. (2, 1) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK 0 ৬। A = [ ] n‡j-
wb‡Pi †KvbwUm wVK? 5 4
i. A Gi gvb −7
(K) i, ii (L) ii, iii ii. (1, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK 5
(M) i, iii (N) i, ii, iii iii. (2, 1) Zg fzw³i AYyivwk 3
DËi: (M) i, iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3 2 4
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii
e¨vL¨v: [0 3 6]
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, ii
1 −1 −2
mn¸YK wbY©‡qi †KŠkj: Avgiv Rvwb, h_vh_ DËi: (L) i, iii
wPýhy³ Abyivwk‡K mn¸YK e‡j (a, b) Zg fzw³i 2 3
i. A = [ ]
mn¸YK wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î, 5 4
|A|= 24 − 53
a + b †Rvo n‡j (a, b) Zg fzw³i mvwi I Kjvg
= 8 − 15
ev` w`‡q †h g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e Zvi wbY©vq‡Ki
= −7
mvg‡b (+) wPý ewm‡q mn¸YK †ei Ki‡Z n‡e&
(a + b) = we‡Rvo n‡j (a, b) Zg fzw³i mvwi ii. (1, 2) Zg fzw³ n‡jv 3
I Kjvg ev` w`‡q †h g¨vwUª· cvIqv hv‡e Zvi 3 Gi mn¸YK n‡jv (−1)1+2 5
= −5

iii. (2, 1)Zg fzw³ n‡jv 5 = abc

5 Gi Abyivwk n‡jv= 3 k=6
৭। wb‡Pi †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨? p 2 q+r
1 0 2 1 0 0 ৯। |q 2 r + p | wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ?
(K) |2 0 1| (L) |0 1 0| r 2 p+q
1 3 0 0 0 1 (K) 0 (L) 1
4 0 8 0 0 1 (M) pqr (N) p + q + r
(M) |2 3 4| (N) |1 2 3| DËi: (K) 0
1 5 2 0 6 0 p 2 q+r
4 0 8
DËi: (M) |2 3 4| e¨vL¨v: cÖ`Ë wbY©vqK, |q 2 r + p |
1 5 2 r 2 p+q
e¨vL¨v: p+q+r 2 q+r
(K) 1(0 − 3) − 0(0 − 1) + 2(6 − 0) = |p + q + r 2 r + p | [c1 = c1 +
= −3 + 1 + 6 p+q+r 2 p+q
=4 c3 ]
1 1 q+r
(L) 1(1 − 0) − 0(0 − 0) + 0(0 − 0)
= (p + q + r)2 [1 1 r + p ]
= 1 1 1 p+q
(M) 4(6 − 20) − 0(4 − 4) + 8(10 − 3) = 2 (p + q + r)0
= −56 + 56 =0
=0 2 −4 6
 M Gi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb 0 ১০। [3 x −5] = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb
4 0 8 5 −10 9
 weKí mgvavb: |2 3 4| †KvbwU?
1 5 2 (K) −4 (L) −6
4 0 4 (M) 5 (N) 6
= 2 |2 3 2| DËi: (M) −6
1 5 1 2 −4 6
‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg Awfbœ n‡j
e¨vL¨v: [3 x −5] = 0
Zvi gvb 0|
5 −10 9
ev, 2(9x − 50) + 4(27 + 25) + 6(−30 −
a 0 0 5x) = 0
৮। [0 b 0] = KZ? ev, 18x − 100 + 208 − 180 − 30x = 0
0 0 c
(K) a (L) ab ev, −12x − 72 = 0
(M) −abc (N) abc ev, −12 = 72
DËi: (N) abc  x = −6
1 −2 3
e¨vL¨v: Bnv g¨vwUª·| ZvB †Kv‡bv gvb n‡e bv|
১১। [ 0 1 −2] G (1 − 2) Zg fzw³i
a 0 0
wKš‘ wbY©vqK n‡j, [0 b 0] = a(bc − 0) − −1 0 2
mn¸Y‡K †KvbwU?
0 0 c
0+0 (K) −4 (L) −2
(M) 2 (N) 4

DËi: (M) 2  1(0 − 4p) − 2(0 − 3p) + 3(4 −

1 −2 3 6) = 0
e¨vL¨v: [ 0 1 −2] G (1, 2) Zg fzw³ n‡jv  −4p + 6p − 6 = 0
−1 0 2 p=3
(−2) AZGe, p Gi gvb 3 n‡j wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~b¨ n‡e|
 (1, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK = 1 1 3
(−1)1+2 | 0 −2| ১৩। |0 −1 x |
−1 2 1 −3 3
= −2{(02) − (−2 − 1)} wbY©qvq‡Ki (1, 2) Zg Abyivwk −3 n‡j, x Gig
= − (0 − 2) = 2 vb -
1 2 3 (K) −12 (L) −3
১২। p Gi gvb †Kvb gv‡mi b¨ |1 2 p|
(M) 3 (N) 12
3 4 0
wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~b¨ n‡e? DËi: (M) 3
3 3 1 1 3
(K) − (L) e¨vL¨v: [0 −1 x ] Gi (1, 2) Zg Abyivwk =
5 5
(M) −3 (N) 3 1 −3 3
DËi: (N) 3 0 x
[ ] = −x
1 2 3 1 3
e¨vL¨v: cÖkgœ ‡Z, |1 2 p| = 0 kZ©g‡Z, −x = −3  x = 3
3 4 0
Admission Part
১।  α + 2 2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨vwZµgx n‡e hw` = ? A. −3, 12 B. 3, 12 C. 4, 5 D. −4,
 8 α − 4 
−5
A. −4, 6 B. −6, 4 C. 4, 6 D. −6, Soln: [A] Matrix wU singular n‡e hw` Gi
−4 Determinate zero nq|
Soln: [A] ‡Kvb Matrix e¨vwZµgx ev Singular
 (P – 4) (P – 5) – 56 = 0
n‡e hw` Zvi det zero nq | By using calculator P = –3, 12
 + 2 2  a 1 b+c
 
 8  − 4  ৪। b 1 c + a Gi gvb n‡e-
 ( + 2) ( – 4) – 16 = 0 c 1 a+b
GLb option Øviv wm× Ki‡jB Ans. cvIqv hv‡e| A. 0 B. abc(a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
a b 
২।   GKwU wm½yjvi (Singular) g¨vwUª·. myZivs C. abc D. (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
c d  a 1 b+c a+b+c 1 a+b+c
A. a = 0 B. b = 0 Soln: [A] b 1 c + a = a + b + c 1 a + b + c
c 1 a+b a+b+c 1 a+b+c
C. c = 0 D. d= 0 E. ad-bc = 0
c  = c + c 
Soln: [E] Avgiv Rvwb, Singular matrix Gi  1 1 3  = 0 [c1 I c3 Awfbœ]
Determinate Zero, c3 = c1 + c3 
ZvB, ad – bc = 0 α α x
p − 4 7  ৫। |β β β| =0, x=?
৩।   g¨vwU·wU singular n‡e hw` P Gi
 8 p − 5  θ x θ
gvb nq- A. , ,  B. ,  C. ,  D. , 

[Ans: B] Soln: Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev b+c  a

mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vbm¸‡jv GK n‡j Zvi gvb k~b¨| ১০। wbY©vqK D= c+a  b Gi gvb n‡e-
option n‡Z cvB x =  ev  n‡j, h_vµ‡g 1g I a+b  c
2q ev 2q I 3q mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb GK nq| ZvB A. abc+ B. 0
Ans. B| 
C.  (b-c)(c-a)(a-b) D.
11 1 abc
৬। 1 2 3 wbYv©qKwUi gvb 2 ; k Gi gvb KZ? E. abc
14 k b+c  a a+b+c  a c'1=c1+c3
A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6 Soln: [B] D = c + a  b = a + b + c  b
11 1 a+b  c a+b+c  c
Soln: [A] given, 1 2 3 = 2 wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
14 k Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I wØZxq
Kjv‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
0 0 1
c11 = c2 − c1 1 x y+z
1 1 3 =2 ১১।
c12 = c3 − c 2 1 y z + x =?
3 k −4 k
1 z x+ y
1 1
 = 2  K – 4 – 3 = 2;  K = 9 A. 1 B. 3
3 k −4
C. x+y+z D. 3(x+y+z) E. ï× DËi
৭। x-Gi †Kvb †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ wbY©vq‡Ki gvb †bB
x2 x 2 1 x y+z 1 x x+y+z c'3 = c2 + c3
k~b¨ n‡e? 2 1 1 Soln: [E] 1 y z + x = 1 y x + y + z
0 0 −5 1 z x+y 1 z x+y+z
A. x = 0, –2 B. x = 1, 2 C. x = wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
0, 1 D. x = 0, 2 Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq
x2 x 2 Kjv‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
x2 x
Soln:[D], 2 1 1 = 2 0 0
2 1 ১২। 4 6 12 = 0 n‡j x-Gi gvb KZ
0 0 −5
x − 8 − x − 3 − x − 10
 x2 – 2x = 0; x = 0, 2
10 13 16 n‡e-
৮। 11 14 17 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb- A. 4 B. –16/3 C. 17 D. None
12 15 18
of these
A. 0 B. 1 C. 10 D. 5 2 0 0
10 20 30 Soln:[A], 4 6 12 =0
৯। 40 50 60 wbY©vqKwUi gvb-
20 40 60 x − 8 − x − 3 − x − 10
A. 5 B. –5 C. 20 D. 0  2(–6x – 60 + 12x + 36) = 0
10 20 30 10 10 30
c'1 =c2 – c1  2(6x – 24) = 0
n
Sol : [D] 40 50 60 = 10 10 60 c'2=c3 – c2 x=4
20 40 60 10 10 60 ১৩। †Kvb wbY©vqK X Gi cÖ_g mvwi Ges cÖ_g ¯Í¤¢‡K
wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ ci¯ú‡ii wewbgq Kiv nj; b~Zb wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e
n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjvg A. X Gi gv‡bi wecixZ B. 0
Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero. C. X Gi gv‡bi wØ-¸b D. X Gi gv‡bi mgvb

Soln: [D] †Kvb wbY©vq‡K mvwi I Kjvg change Kiv‡K ω ω ω2

১৭। GK‡Ki GKwU RwUj Nbg~j  n‡j 2 2
Transpose e‡j| Transpose I g~j wbY©vq‡K gvb ω ω 1
equal _v‡K| So Ans. D ω3 1 ω
logx logy logz wbY©vq‡Ki gvb KZ?
১৪। The value of log2x log2y log2z is: A. 1 B.  C.  2 D. 0
log3x log3y log3z   2
ω ω ω2
2 3 Soln: [D] ω2 ω2 1
= 2 2 1
A. log 3 B. 0 C. log 2 D. 1 1 1 
ω3 1 ω
log x log y log z wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ
Soln:[B], log 2 x log 2 y log 2z n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I wØZxq Kjv‡gi
log 3x log 3y log 3z Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
x y 1 − 3 − 4 
log  log  log z
y z ১৮। A = 2 1 0  n‡j bx‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
x y 3 − 2 5 
= log  log  log 2z
y
  z A. det(A) =3 B.
x y det(A)=0
log  log  log 3z
y
  z C. det(A) = 63 D.
' '
[C1 = C1 – C2, C2 = C2 – C3] det(A)
1 1 log z wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e bq
x y Soln: [C] Use calculator
= log y log  z 1 1 log 2z = 0
    1 2 3
1 1 log 3z
1 x y+z
১৯। 4 3 12 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb-
১৫। = KZ? 3 1 9
1 y z+x
1 z x+ y A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
A. 0 B. 1 1 2 3 1 2 1
C. xyz D. x+y+z E. (x+y+z)2 Soln: [A] [ 4 3 12 =3 4 3 4
1 x y+z 1 x x+y+z c'3 = c2 + c3 3 1 9 3 1 3
Soln: [A] 1 y z + x = 1 y x + y + z †Kvb GKwU wbYv©q‡K `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
1 z x+y 1 z x+y+z Dcv`vb¸‡jv GK n‡j Gi gvb k~b¨|
wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv 1 1 1 
 
২০। 1 2 3  wbY©vqKwUi gvb 2 n‡j k Gi gvb-
Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq 1 4 k 
 
a a x A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6
১৬। hw`  = m m n nq, Z‡e Δ = 0 mgxKi‡Yi g~j n‡”Q: 2 a b+c
b x b
২১। 2 b c+a Gi gvb KZ?
2 c a+b
A. x = a, x = m B. x = b, x = m
C. x = a, x = b D. †KvbwUB bq A. 0 B. 1 C. −1 D. 2
Soln: [B] Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii 2 a b+c 2 a a+b+c
Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | Soln: [A] 2 b c+a = 2 b a+b+c c'3 = c2 + c3
GLv‡b x = b or x = m n‡j 1g I 2q mvwii Abyiƒc 2 c a+b 2 c a+b+c

Dcv`vb¸‡jv same nq | ZvB x = b or m n‡e | wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq

1 2 a b2 + c2 ab ca
২২। 4 5 6 a Gi gvb KZ n‡j wbY©qKwU singular ২৭। ab c + a2
2
bc = ?
7 8 9 ca bc a + b2
2
n‡e?
A. 0 B. 1
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4abc D. 4(a2+b2+c2) E.
C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 4a2b2c2
1 1 1 a1 a2 a3
২৩। 1 2 3 wbY©vqKwUi gvb 2 n‡j, k Gi gvb- ২৮। wbY©vqK b1 b2 b3 †Z b2 Gi mn-¸b‡Ki gvb
1 4 k c1 c2 c3
A. 9 B. 8 C. 7 D. 6 A. a1c2-a2c1 B. –a1c3+a3c1
soln: [A] C. a1c3 – a3c1 D. a1b3-
3 1 9
২৪। a3b1
3 2 9 =?
Soln: [C] mn-¸YK = (–1)n  hvi mn¸YK Zvi
3 6 9
Kjvg I mvwi ev‡` evwK Dcv`vb¸‡jvi Determinate
A. 27 B. 0 C. 54 D. 12
GLv‡b, n = (Row + Column) number.
Soln: [B] wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
a1 a3
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g  b2 Gi mn¸YK = (–1)2+2 = a1c3 –
c1 c3
I Z…Zxq Kjv‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
a3c1
10 3 1 1
1 2 3
২৫। 10 4 2 10 Gi gvb‡K  ai‡j, ২৯। wbY©vqK Gi gvb n‡jv-
4 5 6
10 5 3 10 2
7 8 9
A.  > 0 B.  < 0 A. 25 B. 87
C.  Gi gvb bvB D.  = 0 C. 179 D. 0 E. ‡KvbwUB bq
3
10 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2
3 c'2 = c2 – c1
Soln: [D] 10 4 2 10 = 10 10 2 10 Soln: [D] 4 5 6 = 4 1 2 c'3 = c3 – c1
10 5 3 10 2 10 2 3 10 2 7 8 9 7 1 2
wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv
n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Kjvg Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b wØZxq I Z…Zxq
Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero. Kjv‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
a 1 b+c ৩০। wbY©vq‡Ki 2wU Kjvg ev mvwi Awfbœ n‡j †KvbwU mZ¨?
২৬। b 1 c + a Gi gvb KZ? A. wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nq
c 1 a+b B. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ nq
A. abc B. 0 C. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb abvZ¥K nq
C. abc(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) D. (a + D. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb mgvb nq
b) (b + c) (c + a) Soln: [B]
a 1 b+c a 1 a+b+c 87 42 3
c'3 ৩১। 45 18 7 =
= (05-06)
Soln: [B] b 1 c + a = b 1 a + b + c c1+c3
59 28 3
c 1 a+b c 1 a+b+c
A. 14 B. 60 C. 84 D.
†Kvb GKwU wbYv©q‡K `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
†KvbwUB bq
Dcv`vb¸‡jv GK n‡j Gi gvb k~Y¨|
Soln: [D] Use calculator

3 4 1 2 5
৩২। hw` wbY©vqK Gi gvb k~b¨ nq, Zv n‡j a Gi gvb ৩৭। 1 3 4 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ?
5 2a
n‡e- 1 6 1
A. -10/3 B. 6/5 C. 15/8 D. 10/3 E. A. 7 B. 12
5/6 C. 16 D. 8 E. 0
3 4 50 60 70
Soln: [D] =0 ৩৮। 10 20 30 wbY©vqKwUi gvb-
5 2a
30 60 90
 6a – 20 = 0 A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 0
20 10
a= = 13 16 19
6 3 ৩৯। 14 17 20 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb-
−8 3 3 15 18 21
৩৩। 3 − 8 5 wbY©vqKwUi gvb- A. 1 B. 10r C. 20 D. 0
5 5 −8 10 0 0
৪০। P = 0 10 0 n‡j P Gi gvb KZ?
A. 1 B. −1 C. 0 D. 2
n 0 0 10
Sol : [C] wbY©vqKwUi gvb = – 8 (64 – 25) + 3
(25+ 24) + 3 (15+ 40) = 312 – 312 = 0 A. 10 B. 102 C. 103 D. 0
we:`ª: Calculator eënvi K‡iI D³ mgm¨vwU mgvavb 10 0 0
Kiv hvq| Soln: [C] P = 0 10 0 = 10  (100 – 0) + 0
x+y x y 0 0 10
৩৪। wbY©vqK x x + z z Gi gvb- + 0 = 10 3
y z y+z
1 1 y+z
A. 4xyz B. 1+x+y+z C. 0 ৪১। 3.1 1 z + x wbY©vqKwU gvb KZ?
D. 2xyz 1 1 x+y
1 −  2 A. 3 + x + y + z B. 3 (x+y+z)
৩৫। −  2 1 = KZ ? C. 3 D. †KvbwUB bq
2 1 − Soln: [D] wbY©vq‡Ki 1g `ywU Kjvg equal. So Ans.
A. –2 B. –4 C. –3 D. 0 n‡e|
†KvbwUB bq 7 5 8
2 ৪২। 3 2 1 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ?
1 − 
Soln: [B] −  2 1 9 6 3
2 1 − A. 1 B. 3 C. 0 D. 2
β−2 1
= 1 (–  3–1)–  (  2 –  2) +  2(–  –  4) ৪৩। −5 β+4 wbY©vqKwUi gvb 0 n‡j  Gi gvb KZ?
= – 2 – 0 +  2 (–  –  )
A. 5 or 0 B. 6 or 2 C. 5 or –3 D. 1 or
= – 2 – 2  3 = –2 –2 = – 4
1 1 1
–3
৩৬। hw` f(x)= x 1 2 nq, Z‡e f(x) Gi Drcv`K- Soln: [D]
 −2 1
=0
x 2
1 4 −5  +2
A. x + 1 B. x – 1 C. x – 2 D. x + 2  ( – 2) ( + 4) + 5 = 0
Soln: [B] x = 1 n‡j wbY©vq‡Ki 1g `ywU Kjvg same GLb option Øviv cheek K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e †Kvb gv‡bi
nq | d‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~Y¨ nq | so x – 1 , f(x) Rb¨ mgxKiYwU wm× nq|
Gi GKwU Drcv`K | ৪৪। α 2− 4 α +8 2 Gi gvb k~b¨ n‡j  Gi gvb-
A. 6, –4 B. –6, 4 C. 6, 4 D. –6, –
4

৪৫।  hw` 1 Gi GKwU RwUj Nbg~j nq, Z‡e wb‡gœi C. -2 D. 3 E. 1

wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? 1 1 x
Soln: [E] 2 2 2 =0
1 −ω ω2
3 4 5
−ω ω2 1
ω2 1 −ω
Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b x = 1
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. n‡j 1g I 2q mvwii Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸‡jv same nq | ZvB
†KvbwUB bq
x=1.
1 − 2 x+ y x y
Soln:[D], −  2
1 ৫১। wbY©vqK x x+z z Gi gvb-
2 1 − y z y+z
= 1(–3 – 1) +  (2 – 2) + 2(– – 4) A. 4 xyz B. 3 xyz C. 2 xyz D. xyz

= –1 –1 + 0 – 3 – 6 1 1 1
= –1 – 1 –1 –1 = – 4 ৫২। wbY©vqK 2 1 2 Gi gvb KZ?
x+y x y 3 1 3
৪৬। x x+z z wbYv©qKwUi gvb- A.10 B. 9 C. 0 D. -8
y z y+z Soln: [C] wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Abyiƒc
A. 4xyz B. x yz 2
C. xy2z D. xyz2 Dcv`vb¸‡jv Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | GLv‡b cÖ_g
Soln: [A] GB ai‡bi mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ I Z…Zxq Kjvg Awfbœ | ZvB gvb zero.
Avgiv 1†g x, y, z Gi gvb a‡i wbY©vqK Kie| c‡i 1 1 1
option G x, y, z Gi gvb ewm‡q Ans. wgjv‡Z n‡e| ৫৩। hw` x a b = 0 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ ?
2 2 2
3 1 2 x a b
 let, x =1, y = 2, z = 3  1 4 3 A. −a ev b B. a ev −b C. −a ev −b D. a ev b
2 3 5 Soln: [D] wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev mvwii Dcv`vb¸‡jv
 wbY©vqK D = 3(20 – 9) + 1(6 –5) + 2(3 – 8) Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb zero nq | ZvB x Gi gvb a ev b n‡j
= 33 + 1 – 10 = 24 wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg GK nq | So x = a ev b .
option n‡Z cvB, 4xyz = 4  1  2 3 = 24 ৫৪। GKwU wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU Kjvg mgvb n‡j Gi gvb KZ?
1 2 3 A. 1 B. –1 C. 0 D. 2
৪৭। 4 5 6 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? Soln: [C] wbY©q‡Ki `ywUi Kjvg mgvb n‡j gvb 0 nq|
3 6 9 ৫৫।  P 2+ 4 P 8− 2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx nq hw` p Gi
 
A. 1 B. 10 C. 0 D. –2
gvbÑ
 28 29 30
৪৮।   ? A. –6, 4 B. –4, 6 C. –4, 2 D. –2, 4
 31 33 35 = +
 34 37 40 ৫৬।  5 α − 4 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw`  Gi gvb-
α 3 6
 
A. 0 B. 1 C. 5 D. 9 A. 6, 7 B. 1, –3 C. 3, –1 D. 7,–6
a −3 −1
৪৯। wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~Y¨ n‡j a Gi gvb- ৫৭। †Kvb g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †bB? (12-13)
−8 a+4
 2 1  2 1 3 2
A. 4 or −5 B. 5 or −4 C. 3 A.   B.   C.   D.
 1 2   4 2  1 4 
D. 10
 2 −2
1 1 x  
৫০। x- Gi gvb KZ n‡j 2 2 2 = 0 n‡e?  4 4 
3 4 5 Soln: [B] †h g¨vwUª· Gi Determinate zero Zvi
A. 2 B. 5 †Kvb wecixZ g¨vwUª· _v‡K bv|

৫৮।  m 2− 2 m6− 3  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi ৬১। M g¨vwUª· Gi transpose M' Øviv wb‡`©wkZ n‡j det
 
(M') = KZ?
gvb:
A. det (M) B. 1/2 det (M)
A. 6, –1 B. –4, 6 C. –6, 4 D. 1, –6
C. 2 det (M) D. det (M') E. †Kvb ï×
৫৯।  P 2− 4 P 8+ 2  g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` p Gi gvb DËi †bB
 
A. −4, 6 B. −6, 4 a b
Soln: [A] Let M =  . Then M =
C. 4, 6 D. −6, −4 c d 
a c
৬০। g¨vwUª· X GKwU singular g¨vwUª· n‡e hw` X  
b d 
GKwU-
A. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· Now, Det (M) = ad – bc and Det (M) = ad
B. AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª· – bc. So we can conclude, Det (M) = Det
C. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· hvi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ (M)
Note: The det of any matrix and its
D. eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· hvi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ bq
transpose are equal.
Soln: [C]
Theory
†Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· †ei Ki‡Z n‡j, mswkøó g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vqK †ei K‡i Gi m‡½ cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dcv`v‡bi mn¸YK
mvwi eivei †ei K‡i Kjvg eivei wj‡L †h g¨vwUª· (Adjoint Matrix) cvIqv hvq Zv ¸Y Ki‡Z nq|
1
Formula: hw` A GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e, A Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·, A–1 = det(A)  [Adj. A]
†hgb- A = 53 64 n‡j, A-1 = ?
 
GLv‡b, det( A) or , | A |= (18 − 20 ) = −2.
 6 − 4
Adj.( A) = 
− 5 3 
1 6 − 4
 A −1 = − .
2 − 5 3 
Notes: wecixZ g¨vwUª· cvIqvi kZ©:
(i) mswkøó g¨vwUª·wU‡K eM©vKvi n‡Z n‡e
(ii) mswkøó g¨vwUª·wUi wbY©vqK k~b¨ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Examples
Academic Part
১। hw` I3 GKwU wZb µ‡gi g¨vwUª· nq Z‡e (I3 )1 = ? |I3 | Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU fzw³i Rb¨ wbY©xZ Abyivwk-
(K) 0 (L) I3 A11 = 1 A12 = 0
1 A13 = 0
(M) I3 (N) 3 I3
3 A21 = 0 A22 = 0 A23 =
DËi: (L) I3
0
1 0 0
A31 = 0 A32 = 0 A33 =
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, I3 = [0 1 0]
I
0 0 1
|I3 |= I

1 0 0 a b
A= [ ] n‡j A−1 =
|I3 |= [0 1 0] c d
0 0 1 1 d −b
[ ]
Adj ad−bc −c a
Adj = |I | 2 −7 1
1 0
3
0 B= [ ] n‡j B −1 = =
1 −4 −8+7
= [0 1 0] −4 7 4 −7
[ ]=[ ]\
0 0 1 −1 2 1 −2
= I3
2 −1
৪। A = [ ] n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb A−1 ?
s 0 5 −3
২। A = [ ] , ∀s ∈→ R Ges s ≠ 0 n‡j, −3 1 −3 −1
0 s (K) [ ] (L) [ ]
A−1 †KvbwU? 5 2 −5 −2
3 −1 −3 1
1 (M) [ ] (N) [ ]
1
0 0 5 −2 −5 −2
(K) [ s ] (L) [ s 1 ] 3 −1
0 s 0 DËi: (M) [ ]
s 5 −2
1 1 −3 −1
− 0 −
1
0 e¨vL¨v: A−1 = [ ]
s 2(−3)−5(−1) −5 2
(M) [ 1] (N) [ s ] 1 −3 1
0 − 0 −s = [ ]
s −1 −5 2
1
0 3 −1
=[ ]
DËi: (L) [ s 1] 5 −2
0
s
e¨vL¨v: A = [
s 0
] ৫। wb‡Pi †KvbwU A−1 ? [Xv †ev 17]
0 s 3 0 0
|A|= ss − 0 = s2 (K)
1
(L)
1
(0 4 0)
3 0 0 60
1 s 0 1 s 0
 A−1 = |A| [ ] = 2[ ],= (0 4 0) 0 0 5
0 s s 0 s 0 0 5
1 1
0 0 0
3 0 0 3
[s 1] 1
0 (M) 60 (0 4 0) (N) 0 0
s 4
 Shortcut: 0 0 5 1
0 0
a c 1 d −c ( 5)
A= [ ] n‡j A−1 = |A| [ ] 1
b d −b a 0 0
3
1 d −c
 A−1 = [ ] DËi: (N) 0
1
0
ad−bc −b a 4
1
2 −7 0 0
৩। B = [ ] n‡j B −1 †KvbwU? ( 5)
1 −4 3 0 0
−4 7 4 −7 e¨vL¨v: A = [0 4 0]
(K) [ ] (L) [ ]
−1 2 1 −2 0 0 5
4 −1 2 −1 |A|= 3 (20 − 0) + 0 + 0 = 60
(M) [ ] (N) [ ]
7 −2 7 −4 A g¨vwUª· wecixZ †hvM¨|
4 −7
DËi: (L) [ ] 4 0
1 −2 A11 = (−1)1+1 [ ] = 20
e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, 0 5

3 0 iii. ‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki Abyiƒc mvwi Ges Kjvgmg~n

A22 = (−1)2+2 [ ] = 15
0 5 ci¯úi Aem_vb wewbgq Ki‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi
3 0
A33 = (−1)3+3 [ ] = 12 cwieZ©b nq bv| wKš‘ wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡e|
0 4 myZivs, mwVK DËi (K)
20 0 0
 mn¸YK g¨vwUª· = [ 0 15 0 ]
0 0 12 2 0 0
20 0 0 ৭। A = [0 3 0] Gi A−1 †KvbwU?
 adj A = [ 0 15 0 ] 0 0 4
0 0 12 2 0 0
1 1
 A = |A|
− adjA (K) 2 0 0 (L) [0 3 0]
24
[0 3 0 ] 0 0 4
20 0 0 0 0 4
1 1
= [ 0 15 0 ] 0 0
60 2 0 0 2
0 0 12 1
1
0 0 (M) 24 [0 3 0] (N) 0 3
0
3 0 0 4 1
= 0
1
0 [0 0
4]
4 1
1 0 0
[0 0
5]
2
1
DËi: (N) 0 3
0
৬। i. cÖ‡Z¨K Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ 1
[0 0
4]
g¨vwUª· we`¨gvb 2 0 0
ii. A I B eM©Kvi Ae¨wZµgx gvwUª· n‡j e¨vL¨v: A = [0 3 0]
(AB)1 = B −1 A1 0 0 4
iii. †Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki Abyiƒc mvwi Ges Kjvgmg~n 2 0 0
ci¯úi Ae¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi |A|= [0 3 0]
cwieZ©b nq| 0 0 4
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? = 2(12 − 0) − 0 + 0
(K) i, ii (L) i, iii = 24
(M) ii, iii (N) i, ii, ii = ≠0
DËi: (K) i, ii GLv‡b, A11 = 12, A12 = 0, A13 = 0
e¨vL¨v: e¨wZµwg g¨vwUª‡·i n‡j Gi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb 0 A21 = 0 A22 = 8, A23 = 0
(k~b¨) nq Ges Ae¨wZµgx gvwUª· Gi wbY©vqK ≠ A31 = 0, A32 = 0, A33 = 6
0 A11 A12 A13 T
i. ZvB Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª‡·B †Kej wecixZ Adj (A) = A= [A21 A22 A23 ] =
g¨vwUª· _v‡K| ‡Kbbv G‡Z |A| Zg c`wU 0 (k~b¨) A31 A32 A33
T
nq bq| 12 0 0 12 0 0
[ 0 8 0] = [ 0 8 0]
ii. A I B eM©vKvi Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· n‡j [AB] ≠
1 1 1 0 0 6 0 0 6
0 nq| d‡j (AB)−1 = = . =
AB B A
B−1 A−1 nq|

1 4 5
 A−1 = |A| 𝐴𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = 1
= [ ]
1
2 6 8
0 0
12 0 0 2
1 2
1
[0 8 0] = 0
1
0 ১০। P = [ ] n‡j P −1 = KZ?
24 3 3 4
0 0 6 1 1 4 −3 1 4 −2
[0 0 (K) [ ] (L) [ ]
4] 2 −2 1 2 −3 1
1 4 −3 1 4 −2
(M) − [ ] (N) − [ ]
2 3 2 −2 1 2 −3 1
৮। A = [ ] n‡j Adj(A)= ? 1 4 −3
4 1 DËi: (N) − [ ]
1 3 2 4 2 −2 1
(K) [ ] (L) [ ] a b
4 2 3 1 e¨vL¨v: A= [ ] n‡j, A−1 =
1 −3 −1 3 c d
(M) [ ] (N) [ ] 1 d −b
−4 2 4 −2 [ ]
1 −3 ad−bc −c a
DËi: (M) [ ] 1 2
−4 2 P=[ ]
2 3 3 4
e¨vL¨v: A = [ ] 1 4 −2
4 1  P−1 = [ ]
a b d −b 4−6 −3 1
 A= [ ] n‡j 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ] 1 4 −2
c d −c a =− [ ]
1 −3 2 −3 1
 Adj A = [ ]
−4 2
2 1
১১। A = [ ] Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †KvbwU?
6 −5 4 3
৯। A = [ ] n‡j A−1 = KZ? 3 −4 1 3 −1
−6 4 (K) [ ] (L) [ ]
1 4 5 1 8 5 −1 2 2 −4 2
(K) [ ] (L) [ ] 3 −4 1 3 −4
2 6 8 2 6 4
1 4
(M) [ ] (N) − [ ]
1 4 5 −6 −1 2 2 −1 2
(M) [ ] (N) [ ] 1 3 −1
2 6 8 2 −5 8 DËi: (L) [ ]
1 4 5 2 −4 2
DËi: (M) [ ] a b
2 6 8
e¨vL¨v: †Kv‡bv g¨vwUª·, A = [ ] n‡j Gi wecixZ
e¨vL¨v: A GKwU 22 gvÎvi Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· n‡j, c d
1 d −b
1
A−1 = |A| [ −] g¨vwUª·, A−1 = [ ] nq,
ad−bc −c a
− 1 3 −1
A= [
8 −5
] Zvn‡j, A−1 = [ ] =
6−4 −4 2
−6 4 1 3 −1
1 4 5 [ ]
A−1 = [ ] 2 −4 2
32−30 6 8
Admission Part

১। A =  −53 12  n‡j A–1 Gi gvb-

 
A. 1  13 −21 B. 1  13 −52 
5  11  
1  −
C. −  5 − 3 1 2  1  1 −
D.  3 − 1  2 
11   3 
 5 2 
Soln: [B] A =  
− 3 1
1 1 − 2 1 1 − 2
 A–1 =   =  
5 + 6  3 5  11  3 5 
1 2 
২। hw` A =   nq Z‡e, A–1-
3
 4
− 2
A. 1 4

− 3
 B. 1  4 
2  − 2 1  2 −3 1 
C. − 1  4 − 3  D. 1 4
− 
− 2

2 − 2 1 2 −3 1 
1  4 − 2 1  4 − 2
Soln: [D] A–1 =   =  
4 − 6  − 3 1  − 2  − 3 1 
1 − 1
৩। A =  –1
 n‡j A = KZ?
 1 1 
1 1
1 − 1
A.  2 2  B.  
1 1 1 1
 2 2 
 1 1  1 − 1
1 1
C.   D.  2 2  E.  2 2
 − 1 1  1 1  1 1
 − 2 2   − 2 2 
Soln: [D] Det (A) = 1 + 1 = 2
1 1
1  1 1 2 2
A = –1
  =  −1 1
2 − 1 1
 
2 2
7 6
৪। A =   n‡j A–1 Gi gvb KZ?
8 7 
− 7 6   7 − 8
A.   B.  
 8 − 7  − 6 7 
 7 − 6 − 7 8 
C.   D.  6 
− 8 7   − 7 

ইণিণিয়াণরিং পাটট
𝟏
** GKwU Ae¨wZµgx eM© g¨vwUª· A Gi wbY©vqK |𝑨|n‡j Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· 𝑨−𝟏 = |𝑨| × 𝒂𝒅𝒋 (𝑨)
| G‡¶‡Î |𝑨| ≠ 𝑶 n‡Z n‡e|
adj(A) n‡jv A g¨vwUª‡·i UªvÝ‡cvR g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZwU Dcv`vb‡K Zv‡ì mn¸YK Øviv cÖwZ¯’vcb Kivi
d‡j †h g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq,‡mB g¨vwUª‡·i Rb¨ wecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©‡qi ∈ GKwU msw¶ß mnR m~‡Î i‡q‡Q|
Zv n‡jvt
𝒂 𝒍 𝟏 𝒅 −𝒃
𝑨=[ ] n‡j, 𝑨−𝟏 = [ ];
𝒄 𝒅 𝒂𝒅−𝒃𝒄 −𝒄 𝒂
𝑨𝟐 ej‡Z g¨vwUª‡· 𝑨 × 𝑨 eySvq| m †¯‹jvi ivwk n‡j 𝒎 × 𝑨 Gi †¶‡Î A g¨vwUª‡·i me¸†jv fzw³
m Øviv ¸Y n‡e|
D†jøL¨, (𝑨𝑩)−𝟏 = 𝑩−𝟏 𝑨−𝟏 ; (𝑨𝑩)𝑻 = 𝑩𝑻 𝑨𝑻
5 1
1. hw` A−1 = [73 7

2] nq, Zvn‡j A2 + 2A Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| [BUET 18 − 19]
7 7
5 1
1
mgvavb: A−1 = [73 7
2]  |A−1 | = ≠ 0  A we`¨gvb|
7
7 7
2 1
1
− 2 −1
A= 1 [ 7
3 5
7
]=[ ]
−
7
−3 5
7 7
2 −1 2 −1 7 −7 4 −2
 A2 = [ ][ ]=[ ] ; 2𝐴 = [ ]
−3 5 −3 5 −21 28 −6 10
11 −9
 A2 + 2A = [ ] (𝐴𝑛𝑠. )
−27 38

** (𝒂 × 𝒃) I (𝒄 × 𝒅) µ‡gi g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ ¸Y m¤¢e hw` 𝒃 = 𝒄 nq| †m‡¶‡Î bZzb g¨vwUª‡·i

𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝑨𝟏 𝑨𝟐 𝑨𝟑
µg n‡e (𝒂 × 𝒃)Avevi, g¨vwUª· ¸b‡bi mvaviY myÎt [𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 ] [𝑩𝟏 𝑩𝟐 𝑩𝟑 ] =
𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟑 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 𝑪𝟑
𝒂𝟏 𝑨𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 𝑩𝟏 + 𝒂𝟑 𝑪𝟏 ……… ………
[ ……. 𝒂𝟐 𝑨𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝑩𝟐 + 𝒃𝟑 𝑪𝟐 ……… ]
………. ………… 𝒄𝟏 𝑨𝟑 + 𝒄𝟐 𝑩𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 𝑩𝟑
Avevi, 𝑨𝑩 = 𝑪 n‡j 𝑨 = 𝑪𝑩−𝟏 [Wv‡b _vK‡j Wv‡b hv‡e]
𝑩 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩 [ ev‡g _vK‡j ev‡g hv‡e]
Abyiæcfv‡e, 𝑩𝑪−𝟏 = 𝑨 n‡j 𝑩 = 𝑨𝑪
Avevi, g¨vwUª‡·i †¶‡Î, (𝑨−𝟏 )−𝟏 = 𝑨; (𝑨𝑻 )𝑻 = 𝑨
4 −4 8 4
2. hw` [1] A = [−1 2 1] nq, Zvn‡j A g¨vwUª· wU wbY©q Ki| [BUET 17 − 18]
3 −3 6 3
4 −4 8 4
mgvavb: awi, B = [1] ; C = [−1 2 1] myZivs B × A = C
3 −3 6 3
GLb B Gi µg = 3 × 1; C Gi µg 3 × 3
myZivs A Gi µg = 1 × 3 [ B31 A(13) = 𝐶_((3 × 3) ]
awi, A = [x y z]
4 −4 8 4
[1] × [x y z] = [−1 2 1] .............. (i)
3 −3 6 3
(i) bs mgxKiY †_‡K cvB, 4x = −4  x = −1 ; 4y = 8 y = 2; 4z = 4 z = 1
myZivs wb‡Y©q A = [x y z] = [−1 2 1]
4 3 10 17
3. hw` A = [ ] Ges AB = [ ] nq Z‡e B g¨vwUª· Gi Dcv`vbmg~n †ei Ki|
2 1 4 7
[RUET 09 − 10, BUET 16 − 17]
a b
mgvavb: awi, B = [ ]
c d

10 17 4 3 a b 10 17 4a + 3c 4b + 3d
GLb, AB = [ ] [ ][ ]=[ ] [ ]=
4 7 2 1 c d 4 7 2a + c 2b + d
10 17
[ ]
4 7
4a + 3c = 10 4b + 3d = 17

2a + c = 4 2b + d = 7
a=1 b=2 1 2
mgvavb K‡i cvB, B= [ ]
c=2 d=3 2 3
1 3
4 3 −
Alternate Solution: A = [ ] A = [ 2 2 ]
−1
2 1 1 −2
10 17 10 17
GLb, AB = [ ]  A AB = A−1 . [
−1
]  1. B = B =
4 17 4 7
10 17 −1
A−1 . [ ] ; [ a . A = 1]
4 7 1. B = B
1 1
− 10 17 1 2
=[ 2 2 ].[ ]=[ ]
1 −2 4 7 2 3
** GLv‡b 3q Kjv‡g GKwU fzw³ c‡` me ¸‡jv fzw³i gvb k~b¨, d‡j 3q Kjvg eivei we¯Ívi Kiv nq|
cÖvß wbY©vqK 1g Kjv‡g GKwU c‡` evwK fzw³ k~b¨, d‡j H Kjvg eivei we¯Ívi Kiv nq| Gici cÖvß wbY©vq‡K
1g mvwi‡Z GKwU e¨ZxZ evwK fzw³ ¸‡jv k~b¨ d‡j 1g mvwi eivei we¯Ívi Kiv nq| Gfv‡e wbY©vqKwU‡K m¤¢ve¨
¶z`ªZg AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i mn‡R gvb wbY©q Kiv nq|
3 0 0 −2 4
0 2 0 0 0
4. gvb wbY©q Ki: || 0 −1 0 5 −3|| [BUET 15 − 16]
−4 0 1 0 6
0 −1 0 3 2
3 0 0 −2 4
0 2 0 0 0
|
mgvavb: | 0 −1 0 5 −3||
−4 0 1 0 6
0 −1 0 3 2
3q Kjvg eivei we¯Ívi K‡i,

3 0 −2 4
2 0 0
5 −3
= − 1 |0 2 0 0 | = (−1) 3 |
−1 5 −3| = (−1) 3 2 | |
0 −1 5 −3 3 2
−1 3 2
0 −1 3 2
= −6 (10 + 9) = −114
**1g †_‡K 3q Kjvg we‡qvM Kivq GLv‡b GKwU Kjvg x gy³ nq Ges GKwU fzw³i gvb H Kjv‡g k~b¨
nq| d‡j H Kjvg eivei we¯Ívi mnR nq| GLv‡b x – gy³ nIqv ej‡Z x-m¤cbœ gvb mg~n common
wb‡q x – gy³KiY †evSv‡b n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x av‡c 1g I 2q mvwi †hvM Kivq x – gy³ Kjv‡g Av‡iKwU fzw³i
gvb k~b¨ nq| djkª“wZ‡Z we¯Ívi cÖwµqv n‡q I‡V AviI mnR| Gici we¯Ívi K‡i x – Gi gvb¸‡jv wbY©q
Kiv nq| 2q As‡KI GKB c×wZ (me©vwaK fzw³ ïb¨KiY I common †bIqv ) Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3q
As‡K x I y Acmvib Ges (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) m~‡Î †d‡j common †bIqvi gva¨‡g Ges me‡k‡l me©vwaK fzw³
k~b¨KiY cÏwZ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
x+4 3 3
5. x − Gi mgvavb Ki: | 3 x+4 5 | = 0 [BUET 01 − 02, 13 − 14]
5 5 x+1
x+1 3 3
mgvavb: |−x − 1 x + 4 5 | = 0 [C1′ = C1 − C2 ] (x +
0 5 x+1
1 3 3
1) |−1 x + 4 5 |=0
0 5 x+1
1 3 3
 (x + 1) |0 x + 7 8 | = 0 [r2′ = r1 + r2 ] (x + 1)[(x + 7)(x + 1) −
0 5 x+1
10] = 0
 (x + 1)(x 2 + 8x − 33) = 0  (x + 1)(x + 11)(x − 3) = 0 ; x =
−1 , −11, 3 (Ans)

1 1 1
2
6. gvb wbY©q Ki: |1 p p | [RUET 07 − 08, 08 − 09, 12 − 13, 13 − 14]
1 p2 p4
1 1 1 0 0 1
2 2
mgvavb: |1 p p | = | 1 − p p − p p2 | [c1′ = c1 − c2 ; c2′ = c2 − c3 ]
1 p2 p4 1 − p2 p2 − p4 p4
0 0 1
1 p
= (1 − p(1 − p) | 1 p p2 | = (1 − p)2 | |
2 4 1 + p (1 + p)p2
1 + p (1 + p)p p
= (1 − p) (p + p3 − p − p2 ) = (1 − p)2 (p3 − p) = (1 − p)2 (p2 − 1)(Ans)
2 2
a+x b+x c+x

7. cÖgvY Ki: |a + y b + y c + y| = (a − b)(b − c)(c − a)(x − y) [RUET 10 −
a2 b2 c2
11]
a+x b+x c+x a−b b−c c+x
mgvavb: L. H. S = |a + y b + y c + y| = | a − b b − c c + y| [c1 ′ =
a2 b2 c2 a2 − b2 b2 − c 2 c2
′
c1 − c2 , c2 = c2 − c3 ]
1 1 c+x
= (a − b)(b − c) | 1 1 c + y| = (a − b)(b −
a+b b+c c2
0 1 c+x
c) | 0 1 c + y| [c1′ = c1 − c2 ]
a−c b+c c2
0 1 c+x
= (a − b)(b − c)(a − c) |0 1 c + y| = (a − b)(b − c)(a − c)(y − x) =
1 b+c c2
(a − b)(b − c)(c − a)(x − y)
a−b−c 2a 2a
8. cÖgvY Ki †h, | 2b b−c−a 2b | = (a + b + c)3 [RUET 11 − 12]
2c 2c c−a−b
a−b−c 2a 2a
mgvavb: | 2b b−c−a 2b | =
2c 2c c−a−b
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
| 2b b−c−a 2b | [r1′ = r1 + r2 + r3 ]
2c 2c c−a−b

1 1 1
= (a + b + c) |2b b − c − a 2b | = (a + b +
2c 2c c−a−b
0 0 1 ′
c = c1 − c2
c) |a + b + c −(a + b + c) 2b | [ 1′ ]
c2 = c2 − c3
0 a+b+c c−a−a
0 0 1
= (a + b + c)3 |1 −1 2b | = (a + b + c)3 . 1 = (a + b + c)3
0 1 c−a−b
𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒛 = 𝒑
** {𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛 = 𝒒} GB mgxKiY mg~n wbY©vqK Gi gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi Rb¨ 𝑫, 𝑫𝒙 , 𝑫𝒚
𝒂𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟑 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒛 = 𝒓
I 𝑫𝒛 †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏
𝑫 = |𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 | [ mgxKi†Yi x,y I z Gi mnM ¸‡jv Øviv MwVZ wbY©vqK ]
𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑
𝒑 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏 𝒂𝟏 𝒑 𝒄𝟏
𝑫𝒙 = |𝒒 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 | 𝑫 𝒚 = |𝒂 𝟐 𝒒 𝒄𝟐 |
𝒓 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟑 𝒂𝟑 𝒓 𝒄𝟑
[mgxKi‡Yi x-Gi mn‡Mi e`‡j 𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒑
𝑫𝒛 = |𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒒|
mgxKi‡Yigvb mg~n ewm‡q cÖvß wbY©vqK 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒓
|
9. wbY©vq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Ki: x + 2y − z = 5, 3x − y + 3z = 7, 2z + 3y + z = 11

[BUTex 10 − 11]
Dx Dy Dz
mgvabv: We know, x = ;y = ;x =
D D D
5 2 −1 5 2 −1 1 5 −1
|7 −1 3 | | 7 −1 3| |3 7 3|
−30 −30
 x = 11
1
3 1
2 −1 =
11 3 1
= = 2  y= 2 11 1
= = 2 
−15 −15 −15 −15
|3 −1 3 |
2 3 +1
1 2 5
|3 −1 7|
−15
z= 2 3 11
= = 1
−15 −15

 x = 2, y = 2, z = 1 (Ans)
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒃
** GLv‡b, 𝑨𝟐 = 𝑨 × 𝑨 Ges [ ]×[ ]
𝒄 𝒅 𝒄 𝒅
𝒂. 𝒂 + 𝒃. 𝒄 𝒂. 𝒃 + 𝒃. 𝒅
[ ]
𝒄. 𝒂 + 𝒅. 𝒄 𝒄. 𝒅 + 𝒅. 𝒅
Ges g¨vwUª· mgZvKiY myÎvbymv‡i,

𝒎 𝒏 𝒒 𝒓
[ 𝒐 𝒑] = [ ] n‡j 𝒎 = 𝒒, 𝒏 = 𝒓, 𝒐 = 𝒔, 𝒑 = 𝒕
𝒔 𝒕
Avevi, 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 n‡j 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒏𝝅 ± 𝜽 [wÎ‡Kv‡bvwgwZi gv†bi myÎvbymv‡i]
cosθ −sinθ 1 1 −√3

10. hw` A = ( ) Ges A−2 = 2 ( ); θ Gi gvb wbY©q Ki|
sinθ cosθ √3 1
[KUET 09 − 10]
cosθ −sinθ cosθ −sinθ
mgvavb: A2 = AA = [ ][ ]=
sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ
2 2
[cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 −2sinθcosθ ]
2 cos θsinθ cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃
1 √3
− 1
Avevi, A2 = | 2 2
|  cos 2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 2]
√3
1
2
π π π
ev, cos2θ = cos60 = cos ev, 2θ = 2nπ ±  θ = nπ ± (Ans)
3 3 6
11. KLb `yBwU g¨vwUª· ¸Y‡Yi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx n‡e? [BUTex 09 − 10]
mgvavb: hw` cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i Kjvg msL¨v= 2q g¨vwUª‡·i mvwii msL¨vi mgvb nq|
1 2 2
12. hw` A = [2 1 2] nq, gvb wbY©q Ki: A2 − 4A − 5I [KUET 05 − 06]
2 2 1
1 2 2 1 2 2
2
mgvavb: A. A = A [2 1 2] [2 1 2] =
2 2 1 2 2 1
1+4+4 2+2+4 2+4+2 9 8 8
[ 2 + 2 + 4 4 + 1 + 4 4 + 2 + 2] = [ 8 9 8]
2+4+2 4+2+2 4+4+1 8 8 9

9 8 8 4 8 8 5 0 0
2
A − 4A − 5I = [8 9 8] − [8 4 8] − [0 5 0]
8 8 9 8 8 4 0 0 5
9−7−5 8−8−0 8−8−0 0 0 0
= [8 − 8 − 0 9 − 4 − 5 8 − 8 − 0] = [0 0 0] (Ans)
8−8−0 8−8−0 9−4−5 0 0 0
1 1 1
13. gvb wbY©q Kit | a 2b 3c | (abc ≠ 0) [RUET 06 −
2 2 2
(a − 3ac) (4b − 3ac) (9c − 2ab)
07, 05 − 06]
mgvab:
0 0 1
| a − 2b 2b − 3c 3c | [c1′ = c1 −
(a2 − 3ac − 4b2 + 3ac) (4b2 − 3ac − 9c 2 + 2ab) 9c 2 − 2ab
c2 ; c2 ; = c2 − c3 ]
[1g mvwii mv‡c‡ÿ we¯Ívi Ki]
a − 2b 2b − 3c
= | 2 | = (a −
a − 4b 4b − 3ac − 9c 2 + 2ab
2 2
1 2b − 3c
2b) | |
a + 2b (2b − 3c)(a + 2b + 3c)
1 1
= (a − 2b)(2b − 3c) | | = (a − 2b)(2b − 3c)(a + 2b +
a + 2b a + 2b + 3c
3c − a − 2b) = 3c(a − 2b)(2b − 3c)
2
3 −2 1 2 3
14. hw` A = ( ),B = ( ) C = (−3), nq Z‡e †`LvI †h, (AB)C =
1 −2 0 1 5
0
A (BC)
3 −2 1 2 3 3 − 0 6 − 2 9 − 10
mgvavb: AB = ( )( )=( )=
1 −2 0 1 5 1 − 0 2 − 2 3 − 10
3 4 −1
( ) [KUET 04 − 05]
1 0 −7
2
1 2 3 6 − 12 − 0 −6
BC = ( ) (−3) = ( )=( )
0 1 5 2−0−0 2
0
3
3 4 −1 6 − 12 − 0 −6
 L. H. C  ABC) = ( ) (−3) = ( )=( )
1 0 −7 2−0−0 2
0
3 −2 −4 −12 + 6 −6
 R. H. S  A (BC) = ( )( ) = ( )=( )
1 −2 −3 −4 + 6 2
 L. H. S = R. H. S  (AB)C = A(BC) (Showed)

0 0 2i
15. A = [ 0 −2i 0 ] †`LvI †h, A2 + 4I = 0, I GKwU GKK ‡gwUª·| [KUET 03 − 04]
2i 0 0
0 0 2i 0 0 2i 0 0 2i
mgvavb: A = [ 0 −2i 0 ]  A = [ 0 −2i 0 ]  [ 0 −2i 0 ] =
2
2i 0 0 2i 0 0 2i 0 0
−4 0 0
[ 0 −4 0 ]
0 0 −4
−4 0 0 1 0 0
 A + 4I = [ 0 −4 0 ] + 4 [0 1 0]  A2 + 4I = 0 (Showed)
2
0 0 −4 0 0 1
2 2
1+a −b 2ab 2b
16. cÖgvY Ki‡h, | 2ab 1−a +b2 2
−2a | = (1 + a2 + b2 )3
−2b 2a 1 − a2 − b2
[KUET 03 − 04]
1 + a2 − b2 2ab 2b
mgvavb: | 2ab 1−a −b 2 2
−2b | = (1 + a2 +
−2b 2a 1 − a2 − b2
1 0 −2b
2) 0 2 2
b | 1+a +b 2a |
2 2 2 2
b −a(1 + a + b ) 1 − a − b
1 0 −2b
2 2 2
= (1 + a + b ) |0 1 2a |
2 2
b −a 1 − a − b
2 2 )2 [1
(1
= +a +b − a2 − b2 − 2a2 − 2b(−n)] = (1 + a2 + b2 )3 (Proved)
4 3 1 0
17. I A‡f`K g¨vwUª· n‡j B g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki: [ ] B = I; I = [ ] [RUET 03 − 04]
2 1 0 1
w x
mgvavb: Let, B = [ y z]  4w + 3y = 1
4 3 4 3 w x 4w + 3y 4x + 3z 1 0
[ ] B=[ ] [ y z] = [ ]=[ ] 2w + y = 0
2 1 2 1 2w + y 2x + z 0 1
1 3
A_©vr w = − , x = , y = 1, z = −2 [mgvavb K‡i) 4x + 3z = 0
2 2
1 3
−
B=[ 2 2 ] (Ans_ 2z + z = 1
1 −2
4 3
[wet`ªt [ ] g¨vwUª‡·i Inverse Matrix B n‡”Q B | Gfv‡eI AsLwU Kiv hvq|]
2 1
18. KviY cÖ`k©b K‡i Ges we¯Ívi bv K‡i mZ¨ A_ev wg_¨v DËi Ki| [BUET 02 − 03]
1 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 −4 1 2 0
i. |5 6 7| = |6 5 7| ii. |2 8 3 | = | 3 8 −2|
8 7 6 7 8 6 0 −2 5 −4 3 5

x2 − y2 x + y x
2 4
iii. Cofactor (mn¸YK) of 2 in | | is (−3) iv. | x − y 1 1| = 0
3 4
x−y 1 y
1 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 −4 1 2 0
i. |5 6 7| = − |6 5 7| ii. |2 8 3 | = | 3 8 −2|
8 7 6 7 8 6 0 −2 5 −4 3 5
ii. (−) wPý bv †`qvi wg_¨v (ii). mZ¨ (iii). wg_¨v
x2 − y2 x + y x x+y x+y x
iv  | x − y 1 1| = (x − y) | 1 1 1| = 0  (iv) mZ¨
x−y 1 y 1 1 y
i. cÖ`Ë wbY©vq‡K cÖ_g `yB Kjvg interchange Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ 2q Kjvg ev mvwi
interchange Ki‡j wbY©vqKwU −1 Øviv wbY©vqK ¸Y nq
ii. wbY©vqKwZ UªvÝ‡cvR Kiv n‡q‡Q| |𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑇

+
iii. mn¸YK n‡e |2− 4− | → +4
3 4+
iv. 1g mvwi n‡Z (𝑥 − 𝑦) common wb‡j 1g I 2q Kjv‡gi fzw³ ¸‡jv GKB nq| GKvwaK
Kjv‡gi ev mvwii gvb GKB n‡j D³ wbY©vq†Ki gvb k~b¨ nq|
MCQ
265 240 219

1. |240 225 198| Gi gvb †KvbwU? [KUET 18 − 19]
219 198 181
A. 11 B. 9 C. 8
D. 10 E. 0
Ans: E; Use Calculator
x+y x y
2. | x x+z z | Gi gvb KZ? [RUET 12 − 13, KUET 08 − 09, 10 −
y z y+z
11, 17 − 18]

1 1
A. 4xyz B. xyz C. xyz
2 7
D. 11 xyz E. 13 xyz
x+y x y 3 1 2
Ans: A; | x x+z z | G (x, y, z= (1, 2, 3) ewm‡q cvB |1 4 3| = 24
y z y+z 2 3 5
1 1 1 1 6
A. 4xyz = 4.1.2.3 = 24 B. xzy = . 1.2.3 = 3 C. xyz = . 1.2.3 =
2 2 7 7 7
D. 11 xyz = 11.1.2.3 = 66 E. 13xyz = 13.1.1.3 = 78
k√k 2
3. ( ) GKwU ev¯Íe †gwUª· | k Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ †gwUª·wUi wecixZ †gwUª· cvIqv hv‡e
2 √k
bv? [KUET 12 − 13, SUST 17 − 18]
A. −2 B. 2 C. ± 2
D. √2 E. −√2
Ans: C; wecixZ †gwUª· bv _vK‡j |A| = 0  k. k − 4 = 0  k 2 = 4  k = ±2
2−x 13
4. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ [ ] †gwUª·wU GKwU e¨wZµgx (singular) †gwUª· n‡e?
5 10 − x
[KUET 16 − 17]
A. −15 I −3 B. −15 I 3 C. 15 I −3 D. 13
5. 15
2−𝑥 13 2−𝑥 13
Ans: C; det ([ ]) = 0  | | = 0  x 2 − 12x −
5 10 − 𝑥 5 10 − 𝑥
45 = 0  x = 15, −3
−a2 ab ac
5. D = | ab −b 2
bc | n‡j D Gi gvb KZ ? [BUTex 16 − 17]
ac bc −c 2
A. 4abc B. abc C. 4a2 b2 c 2
D. a2 b2 c 2
−a2 ab ac −a b c
C; D = | ab −b 2
Ans: bc | = abc | a −b c | =
ac bc −c 2 a b −c
−1 1 1
a2 b2 c 2 | 1 −1 1 | = 4a2 b2 c 2
1 1 −1
3
6. 33 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª· A Gi KY© Dcv`vb¸wji ¸Ydj 2√2 n‡j |(√2I − A) | Gi gvb KZ?
[SUST 16 − 17]
A. 2√2 B. 24√2 C. 12√2
D. 0 E. −12 √2

2
1 0 0 √2 0 0
Ans: D; |{√2 |0 1 0| − | 0 √2 0 |} | = 0
0 0 1 0 0 √2
1 a b+c
7. |1 b c + a | wbY©q‡Ki gvb KZ? [BUTex 15 − 16]
1 c a+b
A. a + b + c B. 0 C. 1 D. abc
1 a a+b 1 a a+b+c
Ans: B; |1 b c + a | = |1 b a + b + c| [c3′ = c3 + c2 ]
1 c a+b 1 c a+b+c
1 a 1
= (a + b + c) |1 b 1| = (a + b + c)0 = 0
1 c 1
2 3 −2 1
8. hw` A = ( )IB=( ) nq, Z‡e (BA)−1 Gi gvb KZ? [KUET 15 − 16]
5 7 3 5
44 −1 1 44 −1 1 −31 1
A. ( ) B. ( ) C. ( )
−31 1 13 −31 1 13 44 −1
1 −31 1 1 44 −31
D. ( ) E. ( )
13 44 −1 13 −1 1
2 3 −2 1 −2 1 2 3 1 1
Ans: B; A = [ ];B = [ ]  BA = [ ][ ]=[ ] 
5 7 3 5 3 5 5 7 31 44
(BA)T = [1 31]
1 44
44 −1 adj(BA) 1 44 −1
 adj(BA) = [ ]  (BA)−1 = = [ ]
−31 44 det(𝐵𝐴) 13 −31 1
9. 33 AvKv‡ii GKwU KY© g¨vwUª· D Gi Rb¨ |D| = 20 n‡j |(2D−1 | Gi gvb KZ? [BUET 12 −
13, SUST 15 − 16]
1 1 1
A. B. C.
160 40 10
1 1
D. − E. −
160 40
a 0 0
Ans: A; awi, 33 AvKv‡ii KY© g¨vwUª·, D = [0 b 0 ]
0 0 c
2a 0 0 a 0 0
 2D = [ 0 2b 0 ]  |D| = [0 b 0] = 20
0 0 2c 0 0 c
2a 0 0 a 0 0
 |2D| = [ 0 2b 0 ] = 23 [0 b 0] = 820 = 160
0 0 2c 0 0 c
−1 1 1
GLb, †R‡b iv‡Lv, |(2D) | = |2D| =
160

2 0 7 −x 14x 7x
10. x-Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ g¨vwUª· A = (0 1 0), g¨vwUª· B = ( 0 1 0 ) Gi
1 −2 1 x −4x −2x
wecixZ n‡e- [RUET 09 − 10, KUET 14 − 15]
3 1 1
A. B. C.
2 2 3
1 1
D. E.
5 4
−0.2 2.8 1.4
−1
Ans: Using Calculator, A = ( 0 1 0 )= B
0.2 −0.8 −0.4
1
 −x = −0.2x = (0.2) =
5
4 6
11. Matrix [ ] Gi bvg: [BUTex 14 − 15]
6 4
A. cÖwZmg B. Transpose C. e¨wZµgx
D. Scalar
Ans: A; †h Matrix Gi Kjvg Ges mvwi inter − change Ki‡j Matrix AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
Zv‡K cÖwZmg Matrix e‡j|
1 + a2 − b2 2ab −2b
12. wb‡¤œi wbY©vq‡Ki (−2a) Gi mn¸YK KZ? | 2ab 2
1−a +b 2
2a |
2 2
2b −2a 1−a −b
[KUET 11 − 12, RUET 14 − 15]
A. (1 − a4 ) − b2 (4 − b2 ) B. 2a (1 + a2 + b2 )
C. (1 + a2 + b2 )3 D. (1 + a2 + b2 )
E. −2a(1 + a2 + b2 )
2 2
Ans: E; (−1)3+2 |1 + a − b −2b|
2ab 2a
= (−1)[2a + 2a3 − 2ab2 + 4ab2 ] = −2a(1 + a2 + b2 )
4 −6 5
13. hw` P = [ ] Ges PQ = [ ] nq Z‡e g¨vwUª· Q KZ? [RUET 14 − 15]
−2 8 0
2 16 −2
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [0.5 −2]
0.5 0.5 3
−16 2
D. [ ] E. None
3 0.5
Ans: A; P is a 22 matrix & 𝑃  Q is a 21 matrix 
The dimention of Q will be 21
x 4 −6 x 4x − 6y
Let, Q be [y]  PQ = [ ] [y] = [ ]
−2 8 −2x + 8y

4x − 6y 5
 By the condition, [ ] = [ ]  4x − 6y = 5 … … … (i); −2x + 8y =
−2x + 8y 0
0 … … . (ii)
2
Solving (i)& (ii)we get , x = 2; y = 0.5  Q = [ ]
0.5
2 −1 −1
14. x = ( ) n‡j x =? [SUST 14 − 15]
3 −1
−2 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1
A. ( ) B. ( ) C. ( )
3 1 5 −3 2 −3 2
2 3
D. ( ) E. AmsÁvwqZ
−1 −1
Ans: C; use calculator
1 4
15. A−1 wbY©q Ki: A = [ ] [RUET 13 − 14]
2 −6
1 6 4 1 −6 −4 1 6 4
A. [ ] B. [ ] C. [ ]
14 −2 1 14 2 1 14 −2 −1
1 −6 −4
D. [ ] E. None
−14 2 1
1 4 1 −6 −4 1 −6 −4 1 6 4
Ans: E; A = [ ]  A−1 = |A| [ ]= [ ]= [ ]
2 −6 −2 1 −14 −2 1 14 2 −1
a h x
16. wZbwU g¨vwU· [x y] [ ] [ ] Gi ¸Yd‡ji gvb n‡e- [RUET 12 − 13]
h b y
A. [x 2 a + xyh xyh + y 2 b] B. [x 2 a + 2xyh + y 2 b]
x 2 a + xyh
C. [ ] D. [2x 2 a + xyh + 2y 2 b]
xyh + y 2 b
a h x x
Ans: B; [x y] [ ] [y] = [ax + hy hx + by] [y]
h b
= [ax + hxy + hxy + by 2 ] = [x 2 a + 2xy + y 2 b]
2
Shortcut: a, b, h, x, y Gi B‡”QgZ gvb wb‡q Zv wb‡q calculator G calculate Ki|

1 2 3 1 1 2
17. hw` C = AB nq †hLv‡b, A = [3 2 1] I B = [1 2 3] Z‡e C Gi AvKvi n‡jv-
1 1 2 3 2 1
[KUET 12 − 13]
9 14 10 7 7 10 6 10 10
A. [7 10 14] B. [ 9 8 9 ] C. [6 9 11]
6 9 7 12 9 11 8 11 13
12 11 11 12 8 8
D. [ 8 9 13] E. [11 9 7]
8 7 7 11 13 7

1 2 3 1 1 2
Ans: D; C = AB = [3 2 1] [ 1 2 3] =
1 1 2 3 2 1
1+2+9 1+4+6 2+6+3 12 11 11
[3 + 2 + 3 3 + 4 + 2 6 + 6 + 1] = [ 8 9 13]
1+1+6 1+2+4 2+3+2 8 7 7
Shortcut: Use Calculator
18. wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg mv`„k¨ n‡j H wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e- [BUTex 12 − 13]
A. 1 B. 2 C. 0
D.‡KvbUvB bv
Ans: C; wbY©vq‡Ki ag© Abymv‡i 2wU mvwi ev Kjvg Awfbœ n‡j Zvi gvb k~b¨ n‡e|
0 1 x y
19. hw` AX = [ ] [y] = [ ] nq, Z‡e XA2 n‡e- [BUET 11 − 12]
−1 0 −x
−x x −y
A. [−y] B. [−y] C. [ ]
−x
D. None
x 0 1 2
Ans: D; X = [y] , A = [ ]; A Gi gvÎv 22; x Gig vÎv 21
−1 0
 X I A2 Gi ¸Y Kiv m¤¢e bq|
cosθ − sinθ
20. hw` A = ( ) Ges |A2 | nq Z‡e θ Gi gvb KZ? [KUET 11 − 12]
sinθ − cosθ
A. θ = 0 B. θ = 45 C. θ = 0 and 45
D. None
Ans: C; K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi K‡i|
logx log y log z
21. The value of |log 2x log 2y log 2z| is − [BUET 09 − 10, KUET 07 −
log 3x log 3y log 3z
08, RUET 11 − 12]
2 3
A. log B. 0 C. log D. 1
3 2
x y
log ( ) log ( ) log z
y z
logx log y log z
| x y |
Ans: |log 2x log 2y log 2z| = log ( ) log ( ) log 2z [ c1′ = c1 −
| y z |
log 3x log 3y log 3z x y
log ( ) log ( ) log 3z
y z
c2 , c2′ = c2 − c3 ]

1 1 log z
x y
= log ( ) log ( ) |1 1 log 2z| = 0 [wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU Kjvg GKB nIqvq wbY©vqKwUi gvb
y z
1 1 log 3z
k~b¨]
22. A, B Ges C g¨vwUª·¸‡jvi gvÎv h_vµ‡g 45, 54 Ges 42 n‡j (AT + B)C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv
n‡e- [BUET 10 − 11]
A. 54 B. 42 C. 52 D. 25
Ans: C; A Gi gvÎv 54; (A + B) Gi gvÎv 54  (A + B)C Gi gvÎv 52
T T T
1 −ω ω2
23. ω hw` 1 Gi GKwU RwUj Nbg~j nq, Z‡e wb‡Pi wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? |−ω ω2 1 |
2
ω 1 −ω
[SUST 08 − 09, KUET 06 − 07, BUET 10 − 11]
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3
D. None
1 −ω ω2
Ans: D; |−ω ω2 1 | = ω3 − 1 + ω(ω2 − ω2 ) + ω2 (−ω − ω4 )
ω2 1 −ω
= 2 + 0 + ω2 − 2ω = −2 − 2ω3 = −4
x2 x 2
24. x- Gi †Kvb †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡e? | 2 1 1 | [BUET 05 −
0 0 −5
06, KUET 10 − 11]
A. x = 0, −2 B. x = 1, 2 C. x = 0, 1 D. x =
0, 2
x2 x 2 2
Ans: D; | 2 1 1 | = −5 |x x | = 0  (x 2 − 2x) = 0  x (x − 2) = 0 
2 1
0 0 −5
x = 0, 2
1 0 2 1 x −1
25. [−1 2] + [0 1 ] = [−1 z ]| x, y Ges z Gi gvb n‡e - [RUET 10 − 11]
2 0 2 −3 y −3
The vlaues of x, y and z are-
A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 4, 3 C. 3, −3, 4
D. −1, 2, 3 E. None
1 0 2 1 3 1
Ans: B; [−1 2] + [0 1 ] = [−1 3 ]
2 0 2 −3 4 −3

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QNA উচ্চতর গণিত ১ম পত্র

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

১. ম্যাট্রিক্সের য াগ-বিক্স াগ-গুন

GLb cÖ`Ë ivwk = A3 − 2A2 + A − I  6 12 8  0 3 2

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

২. বিপরীত ম্যাট্রিে বনর্ণ

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

৩. প্রম্ার্ সম্পবকণ ত সম্সযািলী

প্রেঃ cÖgvY Ki য A= 2(a+b+c)3

[r1= r1−r2 Ges r2 = r2−r3 cÖ‡qvM K‡i]

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

প্রশ্নঃ cÖgvY Ki য A = (xyz−1) (x−y) (y−z) (z−x)

[cÖ_g Kjvg mv‡c‡¶ we¯vi K‡i]

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

প্রশ্নঃ cÖgvY Ki য A = 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

৪ . যেম্াক্সরর সূ ক্সের প্রক্স াগ

প্রশ্নের ধরর্ঃ০১ 2x + y –z =10 , 3x + 2y + 2z = 1 , 5x + 4y + 3z = 4

প্রেঃ যেম্াক্সরর সাহাক্স য সম্ীকরর্ য াক্সের সম্াধান কর ।

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

8. g¨vwUª· Gi †Uªm: cÖavb K‡Y©i Dcv`vb¸‡jvi †hvMdj‡K ejv nq g¨vwUª·wUi †Uªm|

GLb A -Gi A¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwUª· n‡e adjA. = −− 63 24

†hgb : awi, A = 23 64

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. KY© g¨vwUª·

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

= a11 = a12 = 0 AZGe, GwU GKwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·|

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

1  PQ Gi µg (24). (41) = 21

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

A. 5 − 3 B. 7 − 1 Soln: [B] Use calculator

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

Soln: [A] Matrix A Gi gvÎv m n I B Gi gvÎv

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

e¨wZµg (Singular) I Ae¨wZµgx (NOsingular) g¨vwUª·

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

 k = 10 wbY©vq‡Ki mvg‡b (−) ev FYvZ¥K wPý ewm‡q

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

iii. (2, 1)Zg fzw³ n‡jv 5 = abc

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

DËi: (M) 2  1(0 − 4p) − 2(0 − 3p) + 3(4 −

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

[Ans: B] Soln: Avgiv Rvwb, wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU Kjvg ev b+c  a

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

Soln: [D] †Kvb wbY©vq‡K mvwi I Kjvg change Kiv‡K ω ω ω2

GLv‡b x = b or x = m n‡j 1g I 2q mvwii Abyiƒc 2 c a+b 2 c a+b+c

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

৪৫।  hw` 1 Gi GKwU RwUj Nbg~j nq, Z‡e wb‡gœi C. -2 D. 3 E. 1

= 1(–3 – 1) +  (2 – 2) + 2(– – 4) A. 4 xyz B. 3 xyz C. 2 xyz D. xyz

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

3 0 iii. ‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki Abyiƒc mvwi Ges Kjvgmg~n

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

লেকচার শীট ম্যাট্রিক্স ও ট্রির্ণায়ক

[cÖ_g Kjvg mv‡c‡¶ we¯vi K‡i]