6 More about 3-D Figures

6 More about 3-D Figures

Figure C has reflectional symmetry and it has 2 axes
of symmetry.

Quick Review

Review Exercise 6 (p. 6.4)

1. (a) The figure has reflectional symmetry and it has 1 axis Figure D does not have reflectional symmetry.
of symmetry.
(b) Figure A does not have rotational symmetry.
Figure B has rotational symmetry and its order of
rotational symmetry is 2.

Figure C has rotational symmetry and its order of

rotational symmetry is 2.
(b) The figure does not have reflectional symmetry.

(c) The figure has reflectional symmetry and it has

4 axes of symmetry.
Figure D has rotational symmetry and its order of
rotational symmetry is 4.

2. (a) The figure has rotational symmetry and its order of

rotational symmetry is 4.
(c) From the results of (a) and (b), figure B and figure C
have both reflectional symmetry and rotational
symmetry.

Activity

Activity 6.1 (p. 6.7)

(b) The figure does not have rotational symmetry.
1. (a), (b), (d), (f), (g), (h), (i), (k) and (l)
(c) The figure has rotational symmetry and its order of
2. 9
rotational symmetry is 6.
Activity 6.2 (p. 6.18)
1. (I), (II) and (IV)

2. Yes

3. The number of squares in some of the nets is not equal to

3. (a) Figure A has reflectional symmetry and it has 1 axis
the number of faces of a cube. (or any other reasonable
of symmetry.
answers)

Activity 6.3 (p. 6.30)

1. A, B and C

2. B and C
Figure B has reflectional symmetry and it has 2 axes 3. B
of symmetry.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

Maths Dialogue (b)

Maths Dialogue (p. 6.22)

(c) YXZ is the angle between the planes ABEF and ABCD.
(or any other reasonable answers)
Quick Practice
Maths Dialogue (p. 6.33)
Both Harry’s method and Amy’s method are good. A student Quick Practice 6.1 (p. 6.9)
can choose one of the two methods as long as he/she finds that
it is easier to get the required solid.

Classwork

Classwork (p. 6.6)

(a) Yes, it has 3 planes of reflection.

(b) No

(c) Yes, it has 2 planes of reflection.

(d) Yes, it has 4 planes of reflection. The pyramid has 4 planes of reflection.

Classwork (p. 6.11) Quick Practice 6.2 (p. 6.13)

(a) Yes, it has 3 axes of rotational symmetry. (a)

(b) No

(c) Yes, it has 1 axis of rotational symmetry.

(d) Yes, it has 1 axis of rotational symmetry.

Classwork (p. 6.28)

(a) side view, top view, front view

(b) top view, front view, side view 5 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

Classwork (p. 6.39)

1. (a) is perpendicular

(b) is perpendicular
1 axis of 5-fold rotational symmetry
(c) BC
(b) The solid has 6 axes of rotational symmetry.
2. (a) is perpendicular
Quick Practice 6.3 (p. 6.20)
(b) RQP The following shows a net of the prism.

Classwork (p. 6.42)

(a)

(or any other reasonable answers)

Quick Practice 6.4 (p. 6.20)

The number ‘3’ is opposite to the face with number ‘6’.

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

Quick Practice 6.5 (p. 6.21) ∴ BAE (or CDH ) is the angle between planes
(a) Point L will coincide with point J. ABCD and ADHE.

(b) Point H will coincide with point B.
(c) Points M and I will coincide with point A.
Quick Practice 6.6 (p. 6.29)
(b) ∵ ADHE and BCHE intersect at EH, AE  EH and
BE  EH (or DH  EH and CH  EH ).
∴ AEB (or DHC ) is the angle between planes
ADHE and BCHE.

Quick Practice 6.13 (p. 6.44)

(a) AB is the line of intersection of planes VAB and ABC.
In △VAB,
∵ △VAB is an isosceles triangle with VA = VB and P is
the mid-point of AB.
Quick Practice 6.7 (p. 6.30) ∴ VP  AB (prop. of isos. △)
In △ABC,
∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle with CA = CB and P
is the mid-point of AB.
∴ CP  AB (prop. of isos. △)
∴ VPC is the angle between planes VAB and ABC.

(b) VO is the line of intersection of planes VOA and VOB.

∵ O is the projection of V on plane ABC.
Quick Practice 6.8 (p. 6.31) ∴ VO is perpendicular to the plane ABC.
The sketch of the solid is shown below: i.e. VO  AO and VO  BO
∴ AOB is the angle between planes VOA and VOB.

Consolidation Corner

Consolidation Corner (p. 6.14)

1. (a) Yes, the shaded plane is ACHF.

(b) No

(c) No

Quick Practice 6.9 (p. 6.32) 2. (a) No

The sketch of the solid is shown below:
(b) No

(c) Yes

3. (a)

Quick Practice 6.10 (p. 6.40)

(a) (i) BD is the projection of BH on plane ABCD.

(ii) HBD is the angle between BH and plane ABCD.

(b) (i) BE is the projection of BH on plane ABFE.

(ii) HBE is the angle between BH and plane ABFE.

Quick Practice 6.11 (p. 6.41)

(a) ∵ OD is the projection of VD on plane ABC. (b) The prism has 4 planes of reflection.
∴ VDO is the angle between VD and plane ABC.

(b) ∵ OC is the projection of VC on plane ABC.

∴ VCO is the angle between VC and plane ABC.

Quick Practice 6.12 (p. 6.43)

(a) ∵ ABCD and ADHE intersect at AD, AB  AD and
AE  AD (or DC  AD and DH  AD ).
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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

4. (a) (c) AB is the line of intersection of planes ABC and

ABED.
In △ABC, CM  AB .
In rectangle ABED,
Obviously, M is the projection of N on AB.
∴ NM  AB
∴ CMN is the angle between planes ABC and
ABED.

Exercise

Exercise 6A (p. 6.15)

Level 1
(b) The order of rotational symmetry of the pyramid is 4.
1.
Consolidation Corner (p. 6.23)
1. A, B

2. B

3. (a) Point E will coincide with point A.

(b) Point D will coincide with point B.

(c) No point will coincide with point F.

Consolidation Corner (p. 6.34)

1.

(either one)

2.
2. B

3.

(either one)

3.

Consolidation Corner (p. 6.45)

1. (a) (i) G

(ii) GE
(either one)
(iii) DG
4.
(b) (i) CEG

(ii) AGD

2. (a) ∵ ABED and CBEF intersect at BE, AB  BE

and CB  BE (or DE  BE and FE  BE ). 2 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry
∴ ABC (or DEF ) is the angle between
planes ABED and CBEF.

(b) ∵ ADFC and BEFC intersect at FC, AC  CF

and BC  CF (or DF  CF and EF  CF ).
∴ ACB (or DFE ) is the angle between 1 axis of 4-fold rotational symmetry
planes ADFC and BEFC. (either one)

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

5.

5 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

(either one)
4 axes of 3-fold rotational symmetry 11. (a)

3 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

(either one)

6.

3 axes of 4-fold rotational symmetry

(b) The solid has 5 planes of reflection.

12. (a)
4 axes of 3-fold rotational symmetry

(b) The solid has 2 planes of reflection.

13. (a)

6 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

(either one)

7. (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) No

8. (a) No (b) Yes (c) No

9.

(b) The solid has 4 planes of reflection.

(or any plane which is perpendicular to the base and 14. (a)
contains O)

10.

The solid has 1 axis of rotational symmetry.

1 axis of 5-fold rotational symmetry (b) The order of rotational symmetry for the axis is 6.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

15. (a) 21.

A figure with 3-fold rotational symmetry should repeat

3 times after making one complete revolution. Therefore,
The solid has 5 axes of rotational symmetry. we should place the candles as shown above, where
360
∠AOC = ∠COB = ∠AOB   120 and
(b) The order of rotational symmetry for the 1st axis is 4 3
and those for the remaining four axes are 2. AO = BO = CO.
(or any other reasonable answers)
16. (a)
Exercise 6B (p. 6.23)
Level 1
1. Net A, net B and net C

2. Net A, net B and net C

3. No

4. Yes, the solid is a tetrahedron.

5. No

6. Yes, the solid is a triangular prism.

The solid has 7 axes of rotational symmetry.
7.
(b) The order of rotational symmetry for the 1st axis is 6
and those for the remaining six axes are 2.

Level 2
17. (a) The solid has 3 planes of reflection.

(b) The solid has 3 axes of rotational symmetry and the

orders of rotational symmetry of these axes are 2.
(or any other reasonable answers)
18. (a) (i) The plane of reflection is MNPQ.
8.
(ii) The plane of reflection is ACHF.

(b) (i) The axis of rotational symmetry is NQ.

(ii) The axis of rotational symmetry is BE.

19. (a) (i) The plane of reflection is BCS.

(or any other reasonable answers)
(ii) The plane of reflection is ABR.
9.
(b) (i) The axis of rotational symmetry is AM.

(ii) The axis of rotational symmetry is PR.

(c) The planes of reflection are ADQ and BCS; and the
axis of rotational symmetry is QS.

20. (a) The solid has 9 planes of reflection.

(b) (i) The solid has 9 axes of rotational symmetry, one

of them is of 8-fold rotational symmetry, eight
of them are of 2-fold rotational symmetry.

(ii) The solid has 5 axes of rotational symmetry, one

of them is of 4-fold rotational symmetry, four of
them are of 2-fold rotational symmetry.

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

10. (b) Four letters ‘P’, ‘Q’, ‘S’ and ‘U’ are adjacent to the
face marked with ‘T’.

18. (a)

(b)

11.

(c)

12.

19.

(or any other reasonable answers) (or any other reasonable answers)
13. A regular tetrahedron has only 4 faces but the net contains 20. (a) IH will coincide with AB.
5 faces. We can remove △ABG so that it becomes a net of
a regular tetrahedron. (b) HG will coincide with BC.

Level 2 (c) KJ will coincide with MN.

14.
21. Point E will coincide with point A.

22. Points C and G will coincide with point A.

23. Point C will coincide with point A.

24. (a) Point E will coincide with point A.

(or any other reasonable answers)
(b) Point B will coincide with point D.
15.
(c) Points H and J will coincide with point F.

25.

(or any other reasonable answers)

16.
(or any other reasonable answers)

Exercise 6C (p. 6.35)

Level 1
1. (a) View A is the front view of the solid.

(b) View B is the top view of the solid.

(or any other reasonable answers) (c) View C is the side view of the solid.

17. (a) (i) The letter ‘P’ is opposite to the face marked with 2.
letter ‘S’.

(ii) The letter ‘Q’ is opposite to the face marked

with letter ‘U’.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

3. 11.

4.

5. 12.

6.

7. 13.

8.

Level 2
14.

9.

15.

16.
10.

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

17. (b)

18.
Exercise 6D (p. 6.45)
Level 1
1. (a) A is the projection of E on plane ABCD.

(b) F is the projection of G on plane ABFE.

(c) E is the projection of F on plane ADHE.

(d) E is the projection of A on plane EFGH.

19. 2. (a) AB is the projection of AF on plane ABCD.

(b) BD is the projection of BH on plane ABCD.

(c) AH is the projection of BH on plane ADHE.

3. (a) (i) EG is the projection of AG on plane EFGH.

(ii) AGE is the angle between AG and plane

EFGH.

(b) (i) AF is the projection of AG on plane AEFB.

20.
(ii) GAF is the angle between AG and plane
AEFB.

4. (a) ∵ SP is the projection of TP on plane PQRS.

∴ TPS is the angle between TP and plane
PQRS.

(b) ∵ SR is the projection of TR on plane PQRS.

∴ TRS is the angle between TR and plane
PQRS.
21. (a) (1) (c) ∵ SQ is the projection of TQ on plane PQRS.
∴ TQS is the angle between TQ and plane
PQRS.

(d) ∵ SR is the projection of SQ on plane TSRW.

∴ QSR is the angle between SQ and plane
TSRW.

5. (a) OC is the projection of AC on plane BCD.

(2)
(b) ACO is the angle between AC and plane BCD.

6. (a) (i) BC is the line of intersection of planes BCEF

and ABCD.

(ii) ∵ BCEF and ABCD intersect at BC,

FB  BC and AB  BC (or EC  BC
and DC  BC ).
∴ FBA (or ECD ) is the angle between
planes BCEF and ABCD.

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(b) (i) FE is the line of intersection of planes BCEF ∴ CM  AB (prop. of isos. △)

and ADEF. ∴ NMC is the angle between planes ABED and
ABC.
(ii) ∵ BCEF and ADEF intersect at FE, FB  FE
and AF  FE (or EC  FE and 11. (a) ∵ OA is the projection of VA on plane ABC.
DE  FE ). ∴ VAO is the angle between VA and plane
∴ AFB (or DEC ) is the angle between ABC.
planes BCEF and ADEF.
(b) ∵ OD is the projection of VD on plane ABC.
7. (a) ∵ ABCD and ABFE intersect at AB, BC  AB ∴ VDO is the angle between VD and plane ABC.
and BF  AB (or AD  AB and
AE  AB ). 12. (a) ∵ AC is the projection of AH on plane ABCDE.
∴ CBF (or DAE ) is the angle between ∴ HAC is the angle between AH and plane
planes ABCD and ABFE. ABCDE.

(b) ∵ BCGF and CDHG intersect at CG, GF  CG (b) ∵ AM is the projection of AH on plane AEJF.
and GH  CG (or CB  CG and ∴ HAM is the angle between AH and plane
CD  CG ). AEJF.
∴ FGH (or BCD ) is the angle between
planes BCGF and CDHG. 13. (a) AB is the line of intersection of planes VAB and
ABCD.
(c) ∵ GDAF and ABCD intersect at AD, AF  AD In △VAB,
and AB  AD (or DG  AD and ∵ △VAB is an isosceles triangle with VA  VB
DC  AD ). and VM  AB .
∴ FAB (or GDC ) is the angle between ∴ AM  BM (prop. of isos. △)
planes GDAF and ABCD. In rectangle ABCD,
∵ △OAB is an isosceles triangle with OA  OB
(d) ∵ EBCH and ADHE intersect at EH, BE  EH and AM  BM .
and AE  EH (or CH  EH and ∴ OM  AB (prop. of isos. △)
DH  EH ). ∴ VMO is the angle between planes VAB and
∴ BEA (or CHD ) is the angle between ABCD.
planes EBCH and ADHE.
(b) VO is the line of intersection of planes VOC and
8. ∵ AD may not be perpendicular to AB. VOB.
∴ FAD may not be the angle between planes ABEF ∵ O is the projection of V on plane ABCD.
and ABCD. ∴ VO is perpendicular to the plane ABCD.
∴ The student’s claim is incorrect. i.e. VO  OC and VO  OB
∴ COB is the angle between planes VOC and
Level 2 VOB.
9. (a) J is the projection of H on plane DJKE.
14. (a) ∵ BDFC and AEFC intersect at CF, BC  CF
(b) FC is the projection of LI on plane ABCDEF. and AC  CF .
∴ BCA is the angle between planes BDFC and
(c) CF is the projection of CL on plane ABCDEF.
AEFC.
In △ABC,
(d) IB is the projection of KF on plane BCIH.
∵ AB  AC
10. (a) ∵ BN is the projection of BF on plane ABED. ∴ BCA  ABC (base s, isos. △)
∴ FBN is the angle between BF and plane BCA  BAC  ABC  180 ( sum of △)
ABED. BCA  90  ABC  180
2BCA  90
(b) ∵ ABED and BEFC intersect at BE, AB  BE
BCA  45
and CB  BE (or DE  BE and
∴ The angle between planes BDFC and AEFC
FE  BE ).
is 45 .
∴ ABC (or DEF ) is the angle between
planes ABED and BEFC.
(b) ∵ The projection of AC on plane BDFC lies on
(c) AB is the line of intersection of planes ABED and BC.
ABC. ∴ BCA is the angle between AC and plane
In rectangle ABED, BDFC.
∵ M and N are the mid-points of AB and DE ∴ The angle between AC and plane BDFC is 45 .
respectively.
∴ NM  AB
In △ABC,
∵ AC  BC and M is the mid-point of AB.
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 6 More about 3-D Figures

15. (a) ∵ UQRT and PQRS intersect at QR, UQ  QR (b) ∵ AHG and BCHG intersect at HG, AG  HG
and PQ  QR . and BG  HG .
∴ PQU is the angle between planes UQRT and ∴ AGB is the angle between planes AHG and
PQRS. BCHG.
∵ PQU  45 (property of square)
Revision Exercise 6 (p. 6.53)
∴ The angle between planes UQRT and PQRS
Level 1
is 45 . 1. (a) (i)

(b) Let M be the intersection of UW and TV and N be the

intersection of PR and QS.
Then, N is the projection of M on plane PQRS and N
is the mid-point of PR (property of square).
PR is the line of intersection of planes UPRW and
PQRS.
In △QPR, (ii) The solid has 2 planes of reflection.
∵ △QPR is an isosceles triangle and PN  NR .
∴ QN  PR (prop. of isos. △) (b) (i)
∵ N is the projection of M on plane PQRS.
∴ NM  PR and NM  QN
∴ The angle between planes UPRW and PQRS is
MNQ , which is equal to 90°.

16. (a) In square EFGH,

∵ M is the mid-point of FH. (ii) The solid has 2 planes of reflection.
∴ GMF  90 (property of square)
(c) (i)

(b) In △AFH,
∵ AH  AF and M is the mid-point of FH.
∴ AM  HF (prop. of isos. △)
i.e. AMF  90

(c) ∵ AFH and FGH intersect at HF, GM  HF and

AM  HF .
∴ AMG is the angle between planes AFH and
(ii) The solid has 4 planes of reflection.
FGH.
(d) (i)
Check Yourself (p. 6.51)
1. BFHD is a plane of reflection of the cube.

2. The order of rotational symmetry of L is 3.

3. Net D

4. (a) Point E will coincide with point A.

(b) Point D will coincide with point B.

5.

(ii) The solid has 6 planes of reflection.

6. Answer: B 2. (a) (i)

7. (a) DF is the projection of AF on plane CDEF.

(b) AFD is the angle between AF and plane CDEF.

8. (a) ∵ AE is the projection of AH on plane ADEF.

∴ HAE is the angle between AH and plane
ADEF. 1 axis of 8-fold rotational symmetry

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(ii) The solid has 1 axis of rotational symmetry. 5. (a) VW will coincide with VU.

(b) (i) (b) QP will coincide with ST.

6. (a) Point I will coincide with point G.

(b) Point A will coincide with point E.

3 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry
(c) No point will coincide with point C.
(ii) The solid has 3 axes of rotational symmetry.
7. (a) Both the top view and the side view are drawn
(c) (i) incorrectly.

(b) Both the top view and the side view are drawn
incorrectly.

4 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

8. (a)

(b)
1 axis of 4-fold rotational symmetry

(ii) The solid has 5 axes of rotational symmetry.

(d) (i)
9. (a)

3 axes of 2-fold rotational symmetry

(ii) The solid has 3 axes of rotational symmetry.

3. (a)

(b)
(or any other reasonable answers)

(b)

(or any other reasonable answers)

4.
‘ ’ is opposite to the face ‘ ’.

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

10. In rectangle ABCD,

∵ P and Q are the mid-points of AB and DC
respectively.
∴ QP  AB
∴ MPQ is the angle between planes ABM and
ABCD.

Level 2
14. (a) The plane of reflection containing vertex S is SRVU
or SPVW or SQVT.
11. (a) ∵ AC is the projection of AB on plane ADFC.
∴ BAC is the angle between AB and plane (b) The axis of rotational symmetry containing vertex W
ADFC. is PW.

(b) ∵ The projection of CB on plane ABED lies on AB. 15. (a) The plane of reflection containing the edge AB is
ABN.
∴ CBA is the angle between BC and plane
ABED. (b) Yes, its order of rotational symmetry is 2.

(c) ∵ ABED and BEFC intersect at BE, AB  BE 16. Cuboid B

and CB  BE (or DE  BE and FE  BE ).
∴ ABC (or DEF ) is the angle between 17. (a) Point I will coincide with point A.
planes ABED and BEFC.
(b) Point N will coincide with point J.
12. (a) ∵ AB is the projection of VB on plane ABC.
∴ VBA is the angle between VB and plane ABC. (c) Points B and H will coincide with point D.

18.
(b) ∵ VAB and VAC intersect at VA, AB  VA and
AC  VA .
∴ BAC is the angle between planes VAB and
VAC.

(c) BC is the line of intersection of planes VBC and ABC.

In △VBC,
∵ △VBC is an isosceles triangle with VB = VC
and M is the mid-point of BC. (or any other reasonable answers)
∴ VM  BC (prop. of isos. △)
In △VAB and △VAC, 19. (a)
VAB  VAC  90
VB = VC (given)
VA = VA (common side)
∴ △VAB △VAC (RHS)
∴ AB  AC (corr. sides, △s)
In △ABC,
∵ △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC (b) The solid has 4 planes of reflection.
and M is the mid-point of BC.
20. (a)
∴ AM  BC (prop. of isos. △)
∴ VMA is the angle between planes VBC and
ABC.

13. (a) ∵ AH is the projection of AM on plane HEAD.

∴ MAH is the angle between AM and plane
HEAD. (b) (i) The solid has 3 planes of reflection.

(b) ∵ EM is the projection of AM on plane EFGH. (ii) The solid has 1 axis of rotational symmetry, and
∴ AME is the angle between AM and plane its order of rotational symmetry is 3.
EFGH.
21. (a)
(c) AB is the line of intersection of planes ABM and
ABCD.
In △ABM,
∵ △ABM is an isosceles triangle with MA = MB
and P is the mid-point of AB.
∴ MP  AB (prop. of isos. △)

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Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

(b) 25. (a)

(b) The solid has 1 axis of rotational symmetry, its order

of rotational symmetry is 3.
22. (a)
26. (a) ∵ DC is the projection of AC on plane DCE.
∴ ACD is the angle between AC and plane DCE.

(b) ∵ GF is the projection of HF on plane ABF.

∴ HFG is the angle between HF and plane ABF.

(c) ∵ ABCD and AFED intersect at AD, CD  AD

and ED  AD (or BA  AD and
FA  AD ).
(b) ∴ CDE (or BAF ) is the angle between
planes ABCD and AFED.

(d) ∵ GHEF and FBCE intersect at FE, HE  FE

and CE  FE (or GF  FE and
BF  FE ).
∴ HEC (or GFB ) is the angle between
planes GHEF and FBCE.

23. (a) 27. (a) (i) TS is the projection of TQ on plane BCD.

(ii) QTS is the angle between TQ and plane BCD.

(iii) ∵ RS is the projection of PS on plane BCD.

∴ PSR is the angle between PS and plane
BCD.

(b) (i) ∵ ABD and ACD intersect at AD, BD  AD

 (3  2)(3  1)  and CD  AD .
(b) Volume of the solid  3(1)   (4) cm
3

 2  ∴ BDC is the angle between planes ABD

 32 cm 3 and ACD.

(ii) BC is the line of intersection of planes ABC and

24. (a) BCD.
In △BCD,
∵ △BCD is an isosceles triangle with
BD = CD and T is the mid-point of BC.
∴ DT  BC (prop. of isos. △)
In △ABD and △ACD,
AD = AD (common side)
BDA  CDA  90
1 BD = CD (given)
(b) Volume of the solid   2  3  3 cm 3
2 ∴ △ABD △ACD (SAS)
 9 cm 3 ∴ AB  AC (corr. sides, △s)
In △ABC,
(c) Length of the two equal sides of the triangle ∵ △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC
and T is the mid-point of BC.
 12  32 cm ∴ AT  BC (prop. of isos. △)
 10 cm ∴ ATD is the angle between planes ABC and
Total surface area of the solid BCD.
 1  
   2  3   2  ( 10  2  2)  3 cm 2
 2  
 (12  6 10 ) cm 2

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 6 More about 3-D Figures

28. (a) ∵ BCGF and ABFE intersect at BF, AB ⊥ BF Exam Corner

and CB ⊥ BF.
∴ ∠ABC is the angle between planes BCGF and Exam-type Questions (p. 6.63)
ABFE.
∵ ABC  123 1. (a) AB is the line of intersection of planes VAB and ABC.
∴ The angle between planes BCGF and ABFE is In △VAB,
123°. ∵ △VAB is an isosceles triangle with VA = VB and
P is the mid-point of AB.
(b) ∵ BC ⊥ CG and DC ⊥ CG. ∴ VP  AB (prop. of isos. △)
∴ ∠BCD is the angle between BC and plane In △ABC,
DCGH. ∵ △ABC is an equilateral triangle with CA = CB
∵ BCD  180  123 (int.∠s, AB //DC) and P is the mid-point of AB.
 57 ∴ CP  AB (prop. of isos. △)
∴ VPC is the angle between planes VAB and
∴ The angle between BC and plane DCGH is 57°.
VAC.
(c)
(b) VA is the line of intersection of planes VAB and VAC.
In △VAB and △VAC,
VA = VA (common side)
VB = VC (given)
AB = AC (prop. of equil. △)
∴ △VAB △VAC (SSS)
∵ BQ  VA
∴ CQ  VA
Construct BJ such that BJ ⊥ DC. ∴ BQC is the angle between planes VAB and
The projection of BC on plane DCGH is JC. VAC.
1
JC   ( DC  AB)
2 2. (a) ADGF, BCHE, DHFB, AEGC, DCFE, ABGH (any
1 two of them or any other reasonable answers)
  (3.7  1.5) cm
2
 1.1 cm (b) The order of rotational symmetry of L is 4.
∴ The length of the projection of BC on plane (c) (i) ∵ HQ is the projection of DQ on plane EFGH.
DCGH is 1.1 cm.
∴ DQH is the angle between DQ and plane
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 6.60) EFGH.
1. Answer: A
(ii) BC is the line of intersection of planes VBC and
2. Answer: D BCGF.
In △VBC,
3. Answer: D ∵ △VBC is an isosceles triangle with VB = VC
and N is the mid-point of BC.
4. Answer: A ∴ VN  BC (prop. of isos. △)
For I: The solid has 5 planes of reflection. In square BCGF,
For II: The solid has 5 axes of rotational symmetry. ∵ N and Q are the mid-points of BC and FG
For III: The solid has one axis of 4-fold rotational respectively.
symmetry and four axes of 2-fold rotational ∵ NQ  BC
symmetry.
∴ VNQ is the angle between planes VBC
∴ The answer is A.
and BCGF.
5. Answer: A
3. Answer: C
6. Answer: B ∵ CF is the projection of AF on plane BCDF.
∴ AFC is the angle between AF and plane BCDF.
7. Answer: B
4. Answer: A
8. Answer: B BD is the line of intersection of planes ABD and BCD.
In △ABD,
9. Answer: D ∵ △ABD is an equilateral triangle with AB = AD and E
Let O be the projection of V on plane ABCD. is the mid-point of BD.
∵ OM is the projection of VM on plane ABCD, and O is ∴ AE  BD (prop. of isos. △)
a point on NM. In △BCD,
∴ VMN is the angle between VM and plane ABCD. ∵ △BCD is an equilateral triangle with CB = CD and E
is the mid-point of BD.
∴ CE  BD (prop. of isos. △)
∴ CEA is the angle between planes ABD and BCD.

127
Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3A Full Solutions

5. Answer: C
For I: The line passing through M and N is an axis of
2-fold rotational symmetry.
For II: The line passing through A and H is an axis of
3-fold rotational symmetry.
For III: The number of planes of reflection of a cube is
9.
∴ The answer is C.

128