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    Fce Book

    Uploaded by

    Julia Luana Carneiro Voltolini

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    FIRST CERTIFICATE SKILLS English OXFORD FIRST CERTIFICATE SKILLS English Mark Harrison OXFORD ‘UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents mes Rees Cerro 1 The present The present Frequency Phrasal Verbs: be & do pa Habits & normality Word Formation: adjective suffixes Collocations: | Word sets ECCE & FCE Practice 1 | | 2 The past The past Periods of time 2 | Phrasal Verbs: bring & take pi4 First & last | Word Formation: noun suffixes. Time adverbs Collocations & prepositions 1 Periods of time 1 | Prepositional phrases: inion + noun ECCE & FCE Practice 2 3 The future ‘The future Time adverbs | Phrasal Verbs: come & go p30 Time conjunctions. & prepositions 3. | Collocations Time adverbs Word Formation: adverb suffixes & prepositions 2 Word sets ECCE & FCE Practice 3 4Linking words | Contrasts Intention Phrasal Verbs: break & fall & phrases Causes & results & purpose Prepositional phrases: adjective + p45 Alternatives preposition Exceptions & additions Collocations Intentions ‘Word Formation: verb prefixes & suffixes ECCE & FCE Practice 4 5 Reported speech Reported speech ‘Speech Phrasal Verbs: run & catch p65 Reported questions | Collocations Verb patterns | Word formation: nouns (people & } jobs) Word sets ECCE & FCE Practice 5 6 Infinitives & -ing Vier eiap Like & aistike | Phrasal Verbs: keep & put forms Think, remember Collocations 80 & decide Word formation: adjective prefixes Prefer & would rather Prepositional phrases: | verb + preposition Mind & not mind | Want, like & dislike ECCE & FCE Practice 6 2 CONTENTS Cen 7 Articles, Articles 4 determiners & | Articles 2 pronouns. Pronouns, 100 Possessives & reflexives | Determiners & pronouns Quantifiers: Pronouns & demonstratives, ECCE & FCE Practice 7 8 Modals Obligation & permission pt27 Necessity Ability & possibility ‘Assumptions & interpretations Suggesting & advising 1 Suggesting & advising 2 Probability & certainty ECCE & FCE Practice 8 9 Conditionals Conditional patterns pt54 Conditional conjunctions | Wishing & regretting ECCE & FCE Practice 9 10 The passive —_| The passive pi66 Have | get something done Received information ECCE & FCE Practice 10 | 11 Relative clauses Relative clauses & participles _| Partciples pi7e ECCE & FCE Practice 11 12 Comparison & Comparisons degree So, such & too p18 Enough eerie Worth & no point Chance & possibilty Size ‘Amount & number Trying, succeeding & falling Degree ECCE PRACTICE 12 & FCE Use of English Practice Test Glossary for Vocabulary & Word Foous Units 1-12 p209 Caeko Phrasal verbs: get & set Collocations Word formation: nouns Word sets | Phrasal verbs: turn & make | Word formation: adjective suffixes Collocations | Prepostional phrases: oun + preposition Phrasal verbs: give & lot ‘Word formation: noun suffixes Collocations Word sets, Phrasal verbs: /ook & pay Coliocations. Word formation: prefixes & suffixes Prepositional phrases with two | prepositions | Phrasal verbs: various Word formation: various Word sets Phrasal verbs: various | Word formation: various | Prepositional phrases: various | CONTENTS 3 ea Sree The present 1 Pet Unit eas Bees 1.1 The present Stop & check You meet a visitor to your country. Tick the correct questions and correct the errors. ‘Are you enjoying your visit here? Do you stay ina hotel? ‘Are you liking the food here? Do you know much about this country? ‘Are you travelling alone? Do you have an interesting holiday? Do you go to other countries very often? Are you understanding much of our language? eud2Hsene Present tenses _Use Example _ Use the present simple for + facts of life, things that are generally true People wino have jobs earn money. i * things people do or things thal happen in general or | / read a lot of books. habitually All matches start at 3. = permanent situations that won't change or are | unlikely to change Jack ives alone because he prefers it. Use the present continuous for + actions at exactly this moment + actions during this period of time + temporary situations that will or may change You're reading this sentence. This country is changing a fot. Robert's working in a bar this summer. Verbs that have no continuous form Many verbs which are connected with the idea of thinking or having a feeling are not usually Used in the present continuous form, for example: like want hale mind prefer care need know understand realize Itis not correct to say /'m-nol-knowing-his-name or Are-you wanting something to-eal? Instead say ( don't know his name and Do you want something lo eat? » note: The continuous form of be is used to talk about someone's temporary behaviour. You're being stupid. (al this moment, not that you ere a stupid person) 4 UNIT? Have (got) Use | Example * Use the present simple if have refers to possessing | They havelThey've goi a nice house. ‘something | Does he have/Has he got a well:paid job? note: Do not ask Have you with this meaning, NOT Has-he-a-wellpeie!fob? + Use the present simple and the present continuous if | / have a shower every morning. have is part of a phrase that refers to an action ‘She's having @ shower at the moment. note: Forms of have got are not correct with this NOT #have-got @ shower every morning. meaning. BJ Put the verbs in brackets in the correct present tense form. The trains 0 London «nnn from platform § every half an hour. (leave) Leave me alone. | People in italy .~ 10 concentrate. (try) alot of pasta. (eat) .». how to fil in this form? (you understand) cn this kind of music? (you lke) Cars like that 2 lot of money. (cost) 1 ssn what to do at the moment, I'm very confused. (not know) Don't shout at me.I. .. my best. (do) 10 The fans are unhappy because the team . 11 Brian ... 1 2 3 FY an 5 As part of her job, she .... . 0 a lot of conferences. (g0) 6 7 8 9 .. very badly at the moment. (play) -» 8 Suit for work when he has to look smart, (wear) 12 Why wrsonnnnnmnnnnne SO fUde to me today? Have | done something to upset you? (you be) 13 esse this Sandwich.’ ‘OK, Il have it (not want) 1M snnnnessenn fOF @ latter from my friend in San Francisco. (wait) 18 ‘snsnmmeseneae this Chait?’ ‘No, it's free, you can take it’ anyone use) By Decide whether these sentences are correct or not. Correct those which are incorrect. 4 Julie hasn't got much money at the moment, 2 They haven't got a lot of fun at work, 3. Terry is having a lot of problems at the moment. 4 Helena has two brothers and a sister 5 Toms having a rest in the bedroom, 6 Have you got a pen | could borrow? 7 We've got lunch at about 1pm every day. 8 Have they any children? Es UNIT 1 5: 1.2 Habits & normality Use Expressions + -ing/noun + Use be used to + -inginaun to talk about situations which are familiar to or normal for someone and which they therefore do not find strange or difficult Use get used to + -ing/noun to talk about situations becoming familiar or normal after at first being strange oF difficult Use belget accustomed to + -inginoun with the same meanings as be/gel used to but used in a more formal context Example I'm used to getting up early so | don't find it difficult. Keith wasn't used 0 living in a hot country so he had a few problems at first. In Japan Maddy got used to different kinds of food. Don't worry, you'll get used to travelling fong distances soon. Eventually they gol accustomed to working for @ ‘arge organization, Expressions + -ing + Use have a habit of + -ing to talk about things that | people often do, especially when these things are considered bad + Use be always + -ing as an emphatic exclamation to describe habits causing annoyance or surprise 'm afraid | have a habit of forgetting people's names. You're always complaining! Please stop. Dave was always talking about very strange things! Expressions + infinitive (with fo) Use fend + infinitive (with to) to talk about things that people usually do or that usually happen or are true + Use have a tendency + infinitive (with to) with the same meaning as tend; often used when the speaker disapproves of or dislikes something The weather tends to be quile mild al this lime of year We tend to have dinner at about 7. Tom has a tendency to blame other people for his own mistakes. Expressions + infinitive (without fo) + Use would + infinitive (without to) to talk about things that happened repeatedly in the past > note: used fo also expresses this idea. Adjectives used to talk about habits and | typical boing @ very good example of something because of having its most usual qualities everyday happening regularly or every day and therefore not unusval or special frequentiregular | happening or done often common usual or familiar; happening or found often and in many. places usual that happens or is true on most occasions average normal statistically | normal | being what people expect or consider usual; not | srange 6 UNIT1 When | was young, my father would tell me stories before | went to sleep. ‘my father used to tell me stories ... normality What's a typical dish from this country? I want fo find out what everyday lie in that country is like, He makes frequent visits to the doctor Are you a regular visitor to this country? Hals like that are quite common in this region. Lessons will start at the usual time. What's the average income for people in this country? Although she's a star, she says thal she leads @ normal life = ordinary not unusual, special or oiferent 1'm going to buy an ordinary CD player that doesn't cost very much, unusual ot happening. done or true usually: different from He has an unusual approach to his work. what is normal and therefore strange rare = very unusual ‘Snow is rare in this country. nole: You can use it + be + adjective + for+ object | t's usual for rain {0 fal in Apri + infinitive (with fo) with usual, unusual. common, Its very unusual for Joe to be late. normal and rare, i's common for families to eat together Is it normal for trains to run on ume here? I's rare for me to have a lot of free time, Inthis pattern, do not use typieal-for. instead, say It's typical of hum to get angry if he loses a game. typical of. Rewrite these sentences using the word in brackets. 1 lusually have more energy in the morning. (tend) 2 You criticize other people too often! (always) 3 My mother worries too much. (tendency) 4 She used to feel exhausted al the end of every day. (would) 5 Ken found it strange to be so poor. (used) 6 I haven't driven this kind of car before. (accustomed) 7 Frank doesn't usually tell ies. (tends) 8 Jan finds it normal now to sort out other people's problems for them. (used) 9 Asa child, he played some kind of sport every day. (would) 10 Zoe often makes jokes about her problems. (habit) UNIT 1 7, I Read this beginning of a novel and underline the correct word for 1-10. My Neighbourhood Remarkable events are not a 1 regularlordinary ‘occurrence in my neighbourhood. Is full of 2 usvallordinary people doing the 3 normall general things that people do — getting up, going to work, and then going home again. They talk about 4 averageleveryday things like the weather and their illnesses, and the government is another 5 typicallaverage subject very 6 ordinarylusual for their neighbours to help them out. Serious arguments are rare and strong friendships are very 7 commonfaverage. In the 8 averagelordinary year, there’s very little crime and visits from the police are not very 9 frequentleveryday. But nothing lasts forever, as we were about to find out, It started asa 40 normalicommon day bur then something of conversation. If someone has a problem, its truly remarkable did happen. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the word given. 1 People quite often arrive late. (common) Itis . artive late. 2. Harriet often says things that annoy other people. (habit) Hartot .. .-we things that annoy other people. 3 | don't find it strange to travel all the lime any more, (Qo!) De . all the time, 4 Tell me, do people usually wait patiently in queues in Britain? (usual) Tell me, ..- fo wait patiently in queues in Britain? 5 | think she'll always find it strange to work as part of a team. (ge!) | don't think she'll as part of a team. 6 In fact, | don't usually get as many presents as this. (normal) In fact, it's «fo get as many presents as this. 7 In-my experience, Noel doesn't usually lose his temper like that, (rare) In my experience, ...... cesassscnssee (0 lose his temper like that. 8 Hard work Is a new experience for George. (used) George hard, 9 Reg often panics when there's a problem of any kind. (tendency) Reg... 410 Judy always found it difficult o give people the sack in her job. (used) .. when there's a problem of any kind. Judy couldnt ...-sssseeson people the sack in her job. 8 UNIT1 —s | 1.3 Frequency BY Put the adverbs and phrases below in the correct place in the table. invariably time and again from time to time time after time over and over again now and again once in a while seldom always (too) many times sometimes almost never Bi Reaz this information sheet and underline the correct word for 1-10. Join The School Orchestra! * Rehearsals are on Tuesdays and Thursdays every week. * Rehearsals 1 periodicallyinormally begin at 6.30 but one or two may have to be held earlier. * 2 Time after time/As a rule, rehearsals last for one hour, although some may be longer. * Auditions for new members are held 3 periodically/invariably, usually about every two months, + Members are encouraged to practise as 4 usvally/freavently as possible and extra lessons are available * These 5 generally/constantly take place at weekends, although they may be available on weekaay evenings. * We 6 constantly/seldom need new musicians so it is always possible to join. * We 7 reqularlyitime atter time put on our own concerts here and 8 seldomloccasionally we also play at other venues. * We are 9 all the time/continually trying to improve and we 10 rarely/in a while get bad reviews! G Fit the geps in this report with one of the words or phrases given. every then hardly often most all TV VIEWING HABITS IN BRITAIN TWENTY YEARS AGO, families in Britain used to watch the same programmes on TV together Hey the time. Certain well-known programmes were national events and it was common for people to discuss them excitedly at school and at work the next day. This kind Of thing 2 sous nme @Ver happens these days. With the arrival of new technology, people have got used to having more and more channels to choose from. Nowadays, as 3 nos a5 not famil 's watch different programmes in different Fooms. NOW and 4 vwinauunnumnnn they might watch something together, but BP . of the time they don’t. However, 6 sco so often a programme is made that appeals to people of all ages. UNIT1 9 —_——_ 4.4 Word focus Phrasal verbs: be & do ‘A Complete the phrasal verbs with be using the particles below. up outof over away upto on 1 1 couldn't buy anything else because I was . Is When the match was... money. .. you which film we see, I have no particular preference. we went home and celebrated. Juliais ...on holiday smntil the end of next week. Hurry up - your favourite programme is... 0... in two minutes, You look angry ~ is something 2 B Choose the correct meaning, A or B, for the phrasal verbs with do in these sentences. 1 {could do with a holiday, I'm getting very tired. A need B amable to have 2 They did up the house before moving into it. A built B redecorated 3 Suzanne can't do without her home comforts. A find better B_ manage without 4. ‘They should do away with that ridiculous law. A getrid of B copy Word formation: adjective suffixes © Complete the text by forming adjectives using the word in capitals at the end of each line and the suffixes below. You may need to make more than one change to each word. -al -ful -able -ing -ous The holiday of a lifetime! Ifyou want a truly 1... holiday, book with us now! We can MEMORY offer you a 2... Service that no other company can. Our expert PERSON staff will provide you with very 3 .. «information about all of USE the 4 buildings and areas that you can visit. On some excursions, HISTORY for a small 5... charge, we can even provide you with your own ADD individual guide. A trip with us will give you an insight into the 6 .. b= CULTURE life of the region. We try to make sure that nothing i 7 can. in order to Miss make your trip 2 8 ..c.-u One that you will talk about for ages. MARVEL, We have something to offer both those looking for a 9 uu time taking | PEACE it easy, and more 10 ... . people looking for the adventure of a lifetime. ENERGY 40 UNIT 1 Collocations Fill the gaps in this text with the correct form of one of the verbs below. do have make take cause How to be a Good Manager Being a good manager is not just about how you 1. your own work, it's much more about your attitude. Here are some tips to keep in mind: * remember that everyone in the company has * equally, if someone working for you 12. an important contribution to 2.. a bit of a mess, don't 13....... the assumption that they don't care - they may be very upset about it * try to S........ a good relationship with the people working for you when important meetings with staff 14 place, 15... certain that you're fully prepared for them; 16 ........ clear statements on policy so that you don't 17 soso any confusion * if a member of staff has a problem, always 4 soos the time to listen to them - they will appreciate it if you show that you 5... sympathy for them + ifyous the feeling that someone who works for you is 7 _.....trouble, speak to that person directly and listen to any comments they wish to & . if members of staff 16 suggestions, listen to them carefully and 19... .... them seriously ~ nobody likes to have their ideas ignored * your job involves 9........ decisions and sometimes you are bound to 10. mistakes when you do this; if so, be honest about it, don’t 11 -. excuses * the company is there to 20 a profit and if this happens, praise the rest of the staff — it’s their company too! Word sets E Complete each sentence with one of the words given, contai ists involves includes 1 The cost of the trip... i accommodation and meals. 2 Her job nnn. ,@lot of travel overseas. 3 This parcel all the books t ordered. 4 ThE COUISE senso OF lectures and practical work. particular single unique individual 1 Hike all of her novels but this... .- one is my favourite, 2. He did the whole job without inaking one ... .- mistake, 93 Bach nue member of the group makes an important contribution, “4 Mtwasa totally... experience, which could never be repeated. ein gain carn achieve J Jobs were scarce and he found it hard to -» aliving, 2 Asshe became more successful, she began tO... confidence. 3 Iisunlikely that she will ever that aim, 4 He always gets angry ithe doesnt. at games, UNIT 1 44 ECCE Practice 1 Grammar 1 Sarah____in the Accounts Department. a. to work b working © works d_ been working 2 Its unusual ___ me to go out on @ Monday night. a of b with cto d for 3. When | was young, |_____ always walk to school in the mornings. would could will did a cooked meal every evening has have got am having have acco 5. ‘Oh nol I forgot my keys!" ‘You're always _ your keys!” a forget b forgot ¢ forgetting @ leaving 6 Rita___gelting up early, She finds it difficut. ais used to b has a habit of ¢ isn't used to dis always, 7 ‘Vthink you a being b ‘ve being © ‘re being been silly —just tell the truth!” 8 Philhasa____tolie to his friends when it comes to his relationship. a habit b custom tendency d mind 42 ECCE PRACTICE 1 Vocabulary 9 Its so wet here ~it__ rains non-stop for several days. seldom » b frequently © periodically all the time 410. Jenny is __ on holiday for a week. a away b out c in d to 14. Please will you just tidy your room, and stop excuses! taking having making) doing 42 When the party was __ we helped them clear up the room. a up b off © out 4 over 413 They__ vegetables. gain b have c eam a win their living by selling fruits and 14 ‘Tm afraid there's no more milk left in the fridge. “Don't worry we'll it’ ‘a manage b do with © do away with 4 do without 45 This job __ working very long hours. a involves b consists includes contains 16 ‘Let's go to the cinema’ ‘Which have in mind? a particular individual c single unique film did you FCE Practice 1 Part 4 For Questions 1-15, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (V) in the space next to the number of the line. If a line has @ word which should not be there, put that word in the space next to the number of the line. MY FAVOURITE FILM ''m really a keen on going to the cinema, so I've got lots of favourite Ba films. But the best one as I've seen lately is called Pressure. In some ways, | suppose that you could regard it as @ detective film but it's Deters different from most films of that one kind because the characters are they such unusual people. The detective in it, for example, is a computer Grasse expert who solves crimes on her computer using information given to her by her assistants, who go out and interview to people. The case in Bosse the film concerns about the wife of a millionaire, who has gone missing, QD esas — Sometimes the plot gets a bit complicated but it isn’t too hard to keep 10... Up with it There are a lot of strange characters in it, such as a man 11 suse who always wears two hats on, and some of the scenes really made me AZ sess. — laugh. Also, there is a big surprise at the end but | won't say you what 18... thatis in the case you go to see it I's very well acted and | also tke the music in it. But what do I really like most about the film is that it's s0 original — I've certainly never seen another filrn quite lke that. é FCE PRACTICE 1 13 rs 2.1 The past Stop & check You are talking to a visitor to your country. Tick the correct sentences and correct the errors, 1. When did you arrive in this country? 2 What have you done yesterday? 3. Did you go to that concert last week? 4 How long have you been here? 5. Have you been to many other countries? 6 1 was used to live in a different city. 7 We have moved to this city when Iwas nine. I supported this football team since I was a child. . 9 I'vealways been enjoying football 10. Before this trip, I hadn't heard of your town, Nicer terete ey Use Example Use the past simpie to talk about + aspecific time in the past and say exactly when arrived at 2. ‘something happened a specific ime in the past but not say exactly when, because that is understood and has been ‘established by whal was previously said something that happened for a period of time in the past but is not happening in the present ‘What did you do last night?'~ I met some friends and we went to see a film. I lived there for three years. Use used to + infinitive to talk about ‘+ something that happened or was true for a period of time in the past, but does not happen or is nol true now Use the past continuous to talk about something that continued for period in the past two things that happened in the past; one of them happened for a period of time (past continuous), the ‘other happened during that period of time (past simple) + use while or when before the past continuous and when before the past simple People used to think the world was fat. ‘My tooth was hurting all day yesterday. They were waiting for me, so I called to say | would be fate. While/When I was walking fo the shop, | met a friend. 1 was walking to the shop when | met a friend. Use the present perfect to talk about ‘something thal happened in the past without saying ‘when it happened, because you don't know when or because it iS not important when ‘something thal happened at an unspecified lime in the past and has a result now something that has happened very recently use gone if the subject is sll at the place mentioned; use been if they have now returned 44 UNIT2 Helen has travelled all over the world. 1've fost my keys. = 1 haven't go! them now) They've just scored a goal. Hurray! ‘My dao's gone to work — he won't be back until 6pm. Her cousin's been to China - she brought back some really unusual things. Compare used to and the past simple + the length of the period of time is not stated with used to J used to live there, + if you say how long the period of time was, use the past simple Ilived there for ten years. ‘ the present perfect simple and the past simple + the time is not stated with the present perfect simple ve seen this film. : + if you say when something happened, use the past simple | saw this film when | was on holiday last year. En Use |_ Example Use the present perfect continuous to talk about | + something that started in the past, continued for a They've been learning English for three years. period and is still happening now | forand since are used with this meaning, forbefore | I've been feeling ill since | got up this morning. i the period of time and since before the point in time ; Wwhen it started + something that happens repeatedly during a period | She's been having a lot of problems lately. starting in the past and continuing unill now: lately | I've been reading some interesting books recently. ‘and recently are often used with this meaning note: If the verb refers to a continuing state or 1've lived’/I've been living here for three years. situation rather than an action, the present perfect simple can also be used. note: With negative verbs, the present perfect simple | / haven't read @ newspaper since Monday. (NOT the present perfect continuous) is usually She hasn't phoned me for weeks. used with for or since. Use the past perfect simple to talk about + {wo things that happened in the past which are ‘She got promoted because she'd done a lot of connected in some way. One thing happened before | good work. the other * use the past perfect for what happened before and | J haah’t met her before so! didn't know who she was. "the past simple for what happened after that Use the past perfect continuous to talk about i something thal happened for a period of lime inthe | J was tired when | got home because I'd been past before something else in the past happened working hard (for hoursisince early in the morning). + for and since can be used Compare the past perfect continuous and the past continuous * with the past continuous, a period of time is not mentioned * ifthe period of time is mentioned, use the past perfect continuous was waiting when they arrived. | had been waiting for half an hour when they arrived. Verbs that have no continuous form Many verbs which are connected with the idea of thinking or having a feeling are nol usually used in continuous tenses, for example. like want hate mind prefer care need know understand realize itis not correct to say I've been knowing her for-years. Instead say I've known her for years. > note: The continuous form of be is only used to talk about someone's temporary behaviour. Hola him that he was being stupid (at that moment, not that he was a stupid person). UNIT 2 15 Read this text and underline the correct word for 1-15. Louis Armstrong eae who 1 was/has been born in 1900 and 2 had died/died in 1971, was a very famous jazz musician and bandleader. He 3 used to he /had known as ‘Satchmo’, and this nickname 4 was staying/staved with him all his lite. As a child in New Orleans, he learned to play the trumpet while he 5 was livina /lived in a special home for children who 5 had got/ have got into trouble with the police. When he 7 used to finish had finished his stay m the home, he joined various bands and then he 8 formed/used to form his own. Between 1925 and 1928 he 9 made/was making about sixty records as the leader of two small coups called the Hot Fives and the Hot Sevens. These records 10 were making /made him one of the first solo stars in the history of popular music. When he died, he 11 had been making/was making records and he 12 was touring/had been touring all over the world tor more than forty years, and he 13 was/was being just as popular as he 14 had been/has been before. He even 15 was having/had a number one pop record ~ What A Wonderfiul World —in the 1960s. Bi Complete this text by forming the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Manchester United MANCHESTER UNITED is a football club that these days | 9 .... aes .. (win) the --w (become) one of | European Champions League They jown in the world. It (lose) the 10. | .» (start) in 1902 and it 3 ...... w- (win) the FA Cup, a famous competition in English football, more times than any other club. In 1958, many of its players 4 rans sem (die) when their plane crashed in Germany. Ten years later, the club 5 - (win) the European Cup, with famous players like George Best and Bobby Charlton. In the early 1990s, the club 6 ..... a {become) a public company, with shares on the Stock Exchange. Since then, it Te {start) its own TV channel and it oe, .. (become) even more famous world-wide, with all kinds of publicity and many different kinds of goods related to the club. In 1999, the team 16 UNIT 2 match against Bayern Munich 1-0 but right at the end of the match they 14 (score) two goals. | The club has millions of supporters both in Britain, and abroad ~ although many of them | 12. Manchester in their lives! .. (never go) to Complete this text by filling gaps 1-20 with the corr Karen & Karen sat at her desk. She couldn't concentrate on her work because she 1 about Dave. They 2 .. together for three years and she 3 him more than any of her other colleagues. They 4 sons aM argument. They 5 .. . talk about anything together ~ work matters or things that 6 now, everything 7 8. secret? She decided to speak to him about it. their private lives at the time. But She felt that Dave . very strange. 9 . some terrible Dave 10... a coffee in the canteen when she found him. She got straight to the 1 A thought B used to think 2 Ahave worked B had been working 3 Awas always liking B had always been liking 4 Awere never having B had never had 5 Aused to be able to B were being abie to 6 Awas affecting Bhave affected 7 Anas changed B changed 8 Awas being Bused to be 9 AHad he B Did he have 10 Ahad B has been having 11 Ave known B knew 12 Aused to start B have started 13 Ave always goton ——_—B were always getting on 14 Ahad behaved 8 ‘ve been behaving 18 A What used to happen? B What was happening? 46 AHave | done B Had | done 47 Ahad sat B has been sitting 18 Ahaver't done B hadn't done 49 Ahad done B used to be doing 20 Aused to wonder B wondered rect verb form, A, B, C or D. Dave point. ‘Dave," she said, years. We 12 .. 144 you for working here at the same time and we 13 14 well together. But you sn Very strangely. 15 16... said nothing at first. He 17 .-» something to upset you?" Dave .» there in silence. Then he leaned forward and whispered, ‘No, you 18 .. anything wrong. It's me. For the past couple of months, | 19 somett 1g | shouldn't. But I can’t tell you about it now.’ And then he got up and left. As he disappeared, Karen 20 what on earth it could be. C was thinking D has thought Dused to work Dhad always liked D had never bean having C were working Chas always liked C never used to have C have been able to have been being able to Cwere affecting has affected Cused to change —_D had changed Chas been D had been being D Did he used to have Dhas had C Was he having C was having C used to know D was knowing C started D were starting C've aways been —_ 'd always been gelling on getting on Cused to behave What happened? C Was | doing D were behaving D What's happened? D Did | used to do C used to sit D sat C weren't doing D used nol to do C ve been doing D was doing Chad wondered OD had been wondering UNIT 2 47 2.2 First & last The first time Use | be (presentifuture) + the first time (+ ever) + present perfect * to talk about the first time something happens in the present or future > nole: ever = in the whole of someone's life; in the whole of history Example If they lose, it will be the first time they've lost a match this season. This is the first time I've (ever) been to this place. be (past) + the first time (+ ever) + past perfect * lo lalk about the first {ime something happened in the past Iwas the first time she'd ever travelled on a plane. » note: The second time, the (hird time, etc. can be used in the above patterns This Is the third time I've told you this. » nole: Any noun can be used instead of time in the same patterns. This is the first job I've (ever) had. > note: Any superlalive adjective and any noun can be used in the same patterns, This is the bes! meal /'ve ever eaten. The last time Use be (present) + the last time (+ ever) + present simple will! going to * to talk about the last time something happens in the present Example This is the last time | (ever) come here/! will (ever) come here I'm (ever) going to come here. be (future) + the /ast time + present simple * fo talk about the last time something happens in the future It will bo the last time | (ever) travel to work in that place. be (past) + the last time + past simple * {0 talk about the last time something happened in the past That was the last time I (ever) saw her. it is/has been + period + since + subject (+ fast) + past simple + fo talk about the period of time between when something happened and now + last can be used when talking about something that used to happen regularly * offen used to talk about the period of lime between an important event and now It's mare than three years since I last saw her I's been months since | last read @ good book. W's five years since she left universily. » note: Any noun can be used instead of time in the same patterns: It will be the last exam | ever fake, 48 UNIT2 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. 1 1 I'm asking you this question for the third time. This is ‘Tomorrow, she'll be driving a car for the first time. . this. question. Tomorrow will be the first time ..... acar After those wards, he never said anything to me anain. Those .. Before then, she had never had {o earn her own money. Thal was the first time . sume tO @arn her own money. Alter that, she never mentioned the sublect again. ‘That was the .. ROA After next week, Ill never have to work with her again. the subject. Next week will be... work with hee Bi complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. ‘They've never made @ record better than this one. in my opinion. This is the best. haven't been to a fooiball match for years. tts .. in my opinion. 10.2 football match ve already’ written two letters to them before this one This will be the third letter I've never met anyone like her before This is the firs... Not again! ('ve already had chicken three times this week. This is the fourth | never trusted them again after that. Thal was the last time .. She last gol in Louch with me about two months ago. about two months .. ve never seen a worse film than this one, to be honest. eonnree UNM, 1 touch with me. This is the worst . to be honest. Fiona went on a trip around the US two years ago. is... «0M a trip around the US. ve never met » person as unpleasant as him before, | must say. He is the most unpleasant ooo. nen ci 1 must say. ‘We moved into this flal three years aco. Wis three yOArS nsneunnnninnnn w= into this flat My dad will never lend me money again alter this, This is the last time ..... ae me money. UNIT 2 19 2.3 Time adverbs and prepositions 1 already + to say that something has happened before now, or before the moment you are referring to * to show surprise in questions yet to say that something has not happened but it is expected that it will happen still to say thal a situation or action continues and has not changed or ended any more/any longer with negative verbs to say that something that was irue of happened in the past doesn't continue to be true or to happen > note: Remember to use any. Talready know how to do this. I knew the end of the story because I'd already heard it Have you already finished this? Have you finished already? Have you paid the bill yet? raven finished this yet. He was still working when | lef. 1 still don't know what you're talking about. ‘Are you still waiting? Jackie doesn't live here any more. | I don't work for that company any longer. NOT She-doesn'tlive-here-more. just + present perfect/ present perfect continuous * in this pattern, just = a short ime ago + use with only to emphasize a very short time ago just + past perfect/ past perfect continuous in this pattern, just = a short ime before just + present continuous / past continuous * to say that someone is in the middle of doing something + in this pattern, just = in the process of + often used with when just + present simple / past simple/future tenses in these patterns, just = simply hardly + past perfect + in this pattern, hardly + often used with when only a short time before I've just finished work and now | want to take it easy. I've only just arrived so ! don't know what's happening. 'd just been talking about Graham when he phoned me. 1'm just getting ready, so can you wait for me? I was just leaving my house when some friends arrived, J don't know why, [just don't like him. Vo hardly met him when he started asking me personal questions. lately + present perfect/ present perfect continuous to talk about a period of time beginning not long ago and continuing until now recently + present perfect/ present perfect continuous same meaning as lately recently + past simple = at a point in time not long ago so far + present perfect = until now but the situation migh¥/will change I've been working hard lately. Lately | haven't been sleeping well J haven't seen her recently. Recently, / haven’! been sleeping well 1've recently been working rather hard. | spoke to her recently. They recently got married. I've enjoyed my visit so far. So far, they've won all the games they've played currently + to talk about something that is happening now but which may not continue + = during this period of time nowadays these days + to talk about present situations or facts, especially in comparison with the past + both used at the beginning of @ sentence and betwoen two clauses in the last/past + period to talk about @ period of time before and until now 1'm currently looking for another job, Currently. I'm working very hard. } ‘She's having a lot of problems currently. There's a lot of technology nowadays to make peoph's lives easier. These days | don't go to the cinema as often as | used (0, His health has improved in the last few weeks. In the past week we've visited lots of places. 20 UNIT 2 EX Complete this letter to a friend by deciding which word or phrase (A, B, C or D) fits into each gap. Dear Dina, As it's @ comple of months since you came to stay with us here in the UK, | thought I'd send you some news about what's been happening here 1. un «Caro! 2 «got back from a trip to Germany but she hasnt told me much about it 3 »» Lexpect she'll give me the full story later. Tim is 4 working in 4 bar to support himself in his studies ~ | suppose you kaow that 5 oon Students in the UK often have to have a job as well as studying. So he studies and then he goes to work in the evenings ~ 16 oo where he gets the energy from! Rob is 7 .n un playing in his band ~ he's quite excited because they've 8. been booked to play at a very well-known cli, And me? Well, I've 9 .. «had three job interviews but | haven“t had any luck 10.

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