® 4 0 5 © 6 @ EXERCISE - 4 (2y- 4i 4 4) Te) “TPa eae 7 tt a-na-p_ ann? 14 ii =) . 1 Ca = 1” = GA =1 >1satib >a=1b=0 Given expression= 1+ 2-444." =1-1+1-1+..+C1)", which canmotbe determined & unless is known, (4=92+3) 444i S414i 3 Wehave, de riGx—y)=3 +46) ‘Now, equating thereal andthe imaginary parts of above equation, we get aee3and3—y=-6 3 3 4 ang 3x3-y gan +6=y > hence, x= We have, Titi 114i Tit TT Now, let us put 0~ r c0s 6, 1 Squaring and adding; Pe lige=I Li nm =i=04i + sin @ So, €08 8 = 0, sin @ = z Hence, the modulus of 7 is 1 and the argument 10, 2 5. COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS [> 008 @ > 0 and sin @ <0 is in TV quadrant} and the 1 Hence, the modulus of is srgument is 2 1 OF yin @ # -0 (©) 292-3i92-2=-31 Squaring, we get Poded= 92424130 ( Wehave, |2, +23 5 [P+ [e,P +2224] 20808, ~0,) where 0 ~ arg(z,), 0, = arg) is ply imaginary If zis purely imaginary, then 2 + (© Given|z—4]<]2-2|baz=x ty S144 9) 1<|@2)+i91 ase (e-2P +? oP 8x4 16< 2? det 4 = 12< de 3 P35 ReG)>3 (@) Given expression (298-1 =C1)8-1 vi13, 14, 16. 1. 18, 19. 20. _[14is8 | joos0 sino) 2 ZII=i] [cos0=isnd © lz “SEE L @ 3 =prig 2= p' +(ig)'+3ptianp+ia) So x-w= p—3pq? +iBp2q—4) “ean periey Sly! ied a AE Now| z)|= 10, ia) Itis clear that, [2 * @ Letz=r (coo (coe sn) _ (v3, i) z=4 | 005 isin] = (Ses) (© 1 Additiveinverseot(1-i)= Q-i)= 141 IL Since, difference of two complex aumbers i also + isin 0). Then r= 4,0 a complex number and, ~7, canbe written as (2) + cz) which is sum of 2, and additive inverse of; SoVBi 14VBi sosVBiesBi-2 Maiti +61 3 wen _ ati (@) Weave, x +iy= 248 0 sib lus conjugate, x -iy wo Maleply (and (i), «+i @-iy y a. 2. 2. 2s, 26. co ©) (x+iy)) =a ib x i= (@ 2=2=>(iz)=2i, which is the positive ima quantity arg)" 5 & (+i atte = (142+ Re 21+ (142i yea ai pf ny = 2+ 2ta2 «2H =25 245i © wn FS 8426i-15 160) (©) Letz= 1 +ithen 2? = + HPP 2Li 1 Hence, 5 ismulipliative inverse of" 28. (#) Lat 36 @ o's [eZ] (&y)=|=,=] which lies in 1 quadrant. wor (F3) : Ieivi 1, V5 30. ©) Letr(cos0+isind) == FE 3 row ash rain go 4, @) Were 20-049 a ae ° ¥ “ +1 34i), (2+i)_ ssi => tano=V3>0-= 31. @_By definition, both the statements are correct. 2 7 ey B20 420 5-51 “ 3B @ 34.) Given, 2= (eos 6 +i sin 8); 3 z= ricos 8 i sin 8) . 331, (cos 9 + isin) 2 @ bare aa (cos su, (cos @ ~ i sin 8) (cos 6 ~i sin 8)! ar D),e0s 0 + i sin 0) > y= cos 28 #1 sin 28 ws tefl 3) -( a) “Gr = (cos 6 ~ i sin 8) (cos 6 + i sin 0)? © Multiplicative inverse of z (cos @ ~i sin 6)(cos 8 i sin 8) 831 {os 8 —i sin 8)? = (cos 28 ~ isin 28) 3 % cos 28 +i sin 20 + cos 28 i sin 28 * 2 00s 28 © Qi De+5=0 35. (x2 2x5) +9492 2x45) (12x29) Salal=l=1=> 2= 192 =|) SP 1> gat44, 45. 46. a. 48, 49. 50. si. © @ @ @® © @ ° @ 3) 4 2=5i (2) -3% == boo 4 6+3 Hen mat 2 Levy 3S Consider i + 4811 54k 2 48813 eae GOH P+GHEP 222% 3x Roars = le? +2ReG32) +B) = 2437 51a + Sai, Sz + VST Lez Brin — Sin evi + Sas _ 541245 —1ai+ 225318 Bye 54 1h oT ei sei *3ra 32a “Seat =i il- V2 2)! = (3)!" =? Let 1 =r cos @, 3 =r sin @ By squaring and adding, we get # (cos? 8 + sin®@) = 4 ier = V4 =2 Therefore, cos & sin ® wich gives 0 = = Therefore, required polar form is 2 2fcos 5 risin5} ta (465)2+2) 2+ 2vhi+2i i Vii (2-28)+(F42) ee: 52. 53. 54, 5s. 56. st. 58, 59, @ ® © ® © © ® ® 25 ~ 6 + 2i — 2V3i + 61 + 2V3i- 23 ~2 341 = 4) + (Bi 2-4 31= 4-35 ai = 443i) Since complex roots always oceur in conjugate pair. Other conjugate root is 1 i Sum of roots DHAtp>a= 2 Tea 7 Product of roots = 7 = (1-9 +) b=2 Let 2, = 6 + Si and z= 2 1__(6+3(2+i) 2-)R+) Lae acaeeoy= dei +i ap = 2 = 25 = 32 (a+ ib) (a—ib) =a? — (iby? =a? +b? vee60, 61 02, 63. 64. 65. © Q-ara2 Take modulus, both the side (1—P|= [29] 1ir=pP [WPvcoF] 20 = (va =n gf 2" Benno 2 ate +l am atl [Pade (ya -2 anda, 1 +i) xfs Qexbiys ex sis $ iy m iy x=0,y=2 Itz = x + iy is the additive inverse of 1 ~ i, then (e+ iy+ C= Sx+1=0,y-1=0=9x=-1 y= The additive inverse of I~ i is 2~—1 ‘Trick: Since (1 ~i) + (1 +i) =0. Let 2 x + iy, then its conjugate Z = x —iy @ Dany xe? Given that 2? 2p vay Diny = dixy = 0 Ix #0, then y= 0 and ify # 0, then x = 0. zoxtiy sizPaxt ryt of) y+ y Gri Gy (2 1) Now, [77 (e+ (+1) iy diy (x1? +? [By equation (i)) Hance, (et is prey inary 66, 67. 68, 69. 0. n n n 1" (a) LatzaxtiyZ y Since arg(z) = 8 “al Thus, arg() # sel?) axg(?) (@) (+i C9 = (GSA ~HP a-S=t-Cas = 2 (a) (+8 C98 = 10 iP 10 Y SUB 420+ + B24] (iN? + C2'] = 16it + 16i4 = 32:4 = 32 = 25 2, Vofoook isin] a] Ev Z]-10s = V2 vi andy = 3 fi bse BB @ far ie er wey? oy b= 2 and hence (a) As we know, if= a+ ib, then oo +b Lee= VJ VE-WE = Jai) Now [zis Vaio) = S21NiIN-il aV2xixyi +n? =V2x2=2 (©) Letz=n(cos8 + isin) Then r=|7|and0=arg (2) Now z=r(cos0 + isind) => Z=x(cos—isin8) r[eos(- 8) +i sin(—@)] arg(Z)=—0 = arg(Z)=—arge) = arg(Z) | arg(z)=0. (@) Wehave,2=2—3i => 2-2=-3i => (2-2) = (i)? S44 4-91? => x2 —de + 13=0 (@) Letz=x +iy z+ 3-1-1 +3) + iy pit = fxr e ya? <1 o age-aa im ihag > L=tmn=0 > y= co) From equations () and Gi), we get x=-3,y=0 > leh 2-375. (b) Given that farib a 1. @) xtiy= Fp axis J la +b? nia 2+ = 00 ipa) = > tye eae 80. (©) Quadraticequation wbivbt tac -btvl4ac—6" * 2a * 2a 81. @) P-4ac~ 124x181 [a= Loe Len] RP dac=1-4=-3 2 the solutions are given by Squaring and ad ef sii Hence, r= JB which gives Dr os 0 wo St! 82. Given Vix 2 = Det ° WE Sauarng both the sides > 3x2-2=4x2 + 14x => x24 +3=0 Therefore, 0 = > -G-1)-0-9 eed 8B) Letar3-x-a=x- 3 eeplacexbyx-3) So the required equation (x-3-5(x-3)46=0 Sx2-6x+9-Sx4 15 +6=0 Sx Ix+30-0 Hence, the pola form is V2{ cos = + isin 76. (a) (x—iy) GB + Si) = 3x + Sui yi — Sy = 3x4 (5x-3y)i t Sy[v P=-1) 84, (0) Here,3x? (ate + 2b + 2d)x + (ac+ 2bd) =O = Bx + Sy) + (Sx —3yhi D=(a+e+2b+2d)?-12 (ac+ 2bd) Given, (iy) B+ 81) =" +244 2228) (* 20} 44042 6 2)—12(04 28) ‘using equation (), and = (a+ il = [la 2d) -(e# 20)? #8(e-b)(d-2)>0. | ng equation (and =(0 + ib)] Hence roots ae real and unequal => 7 =(a-ib) J 1 1 1 Gn comparing the real and imaginary parts ofboth 8 @) a-Z yp sides, we get bos 1 3x + Sy = -6 and Sx —3y= 24 a Solving the above equations by substitution or S H(b+adarab + elimination method, we get aFGF Dx tab Oger Ose oe Since produc ofthe roots=0 then 2b 3-1 iy 7 THO een rin then toate PE — Gry) Gerd iy) . ~2be Gey) Gry) “Ths, sum of roots =~ 2 [dei py sig nye y 86.) Protucotreatioos= 30, ¥r ER [ee] Proust fel rots is ala posit imaginary. real (2)=0 87. @ Th we3x45=0 x (3) -4(9) _ -3+V9=20 2) =2sin% cos ®-+i2sia? = 2 10°10 io _ sav om) 2 88) 2P—GI IK —-0 | ; Given a — B= a8 = (a+ BY ~ daB = a 6 Foramplide,as0= Dan ® soe % = orth sy or ample n = an = heer te 0 = 2-1) =pap-2.89, 90. o. 92. 95. @ @ » © p+ q=~pandpq=q => q(p-1)=0 => q=0orp= I. Ifq=0.thenp=0.iep=q p= land g=-2. Given equation is (Px H(G-1)x + (ep) ~9 ‘By using formula for finding the roots secre? tae vi = eet YP -40r-pNG 20-0 (9) (@+r~29)_ =P 2-9 =a Given, ax? + bx + equation O and a, B are roots of given ap @ © and of Now, af?-+0°B +a. aBiB-+ a) =a [Using equation ()] meb+ac ela-b) 2 2 x- x-1 Bytaking LOM, we get x(x-)-2 xoi2 a? 3 xO 3 ox 2=x 35 x axt1=0 > (K-1P505 x= hI Thus, the given equation has two roots Here, b? — dae = 1-4 « J§ x JF =1-20=-19 Therefore, the solutions are tN 1 WE ae Given equation isx? + 2x+4=0 Since ay Bare roots ofthis equation D-2=x-3 a+p--Dandap=4 1 wept _Co0ilet ofa) (ab) (ap) (apy 3p) -2(4-12) 1 aa Since a, Bare roots of the equation ax’ +bx+e=0 r= Xap 2.0 vi aB+b afceB) 2 {ace + b) {aB +b) 96. 7. @) > an) 9. 100. ) 101. @) 102. ©) a(a+f)+2b B+ab(a+ B40" +2 Set {using (i)) 2 Sea{ Shor * 4 2=09x9=-2 ox 1D = NII Since x =—2 is a root of fx), fx) =(x+2) (ont) But f0) db +3a+3b=0 boa as For # quadratic equation ax? + bx +e = 0 bit yb? — 4 mt 2 For real roots D > 0, If roots are not real, then D <0. ‘Given equation is x° —2x(1 + 3k) ~ 72k +3) = Since, it has equal roots, Diseriminant D=0 SP dye = 03 41 + 3K 9k! + 6k 14k —21=0 470k +3)=0 => 9k? — 8k —20=0= 9k — 18k + 10k —20=0 3 9-2) 100-2)=0-34= 2, 2 Given equation is 3 ~ 10,3" + 9 =0 can be as SF — 106) +9=0 a? 10a #9 =0 > (a-9(a- 1) =0 Sat Now, a= and 1 = 385 3°=3" Hence, roots are 0, 2 ‘The given equation is x2-3x+3=0 Leta, bbe the roots ofthe given equation then, atbo3ab=3 We know, (ab)? = (a+ by 4ab= 9-12 ICA and B are the roots of the new equation which are double ofthe founded roots then A=3+ J3i andB=3~ J3i So,A+B=6andAB=973=12 Thustthe new equation is:x2~ 6x+12=0 Weave, 3, 28°34 128 B32 25+ 128-0 S224 2+ 128-0 2ay+ 1280 whore 2°=: >{y-16)(y-8)=0 => y= 16,8 3 2= 1602 or3103. (4) 4 isa root of x? + pr+12=0 108, 10 106. 107. 108. 109. © @ @ a © 216+ 4p +1 > pa-1 Now the equation »?+ prag=0 has equal rots 2 oag 2? w4g-09q-2 8 Let a, a2 be the roots of 3x2 + px +3. a+ a2=—p/3andor=t 3 @d@rat > a=tora+a=-1 Ifa=1,p~—6 which isnot posibleas p>0 Watta~ 1 > -pi3- T= pod veins (042) (x22) <0 Given equation is 24 = ag) +a) =a) —B) XO xa ED) + ab = ae ab + bx~ ab ona bb) Bub 0 So, sum of roots = a + (a2) = 2(a + b) abo Let a, B be the roots of the equation, at pra-2andap=-(-l) Now,o2 | B= (a 1B)? 2a = (a2) 4 286 1) saps a + B? will be minimum if (a - 1)"=0, ie. a= 1 Sine a fas os of te equation (x =a) (Xb) = Sor x? (a + b)x 4 (ab- 5) 0 a+b or arb=a+8] b-5 or abaapes | @ Taking another squation (a) (X~B) +S =O Soap r aos b)x + ab = Ofusing (i)] Tig rots are a,b x hy035 and xy ~ 12 oe. (2F 2 7-16 (2-9) =09x7 Sxasdandx= 43 25 = xt + 144 25x 16andx? 110, (b) Equations px? + 2gx += 0 and ax? = 2( fpr) x +4 = 0 have rel roots, then from first 4g? 5 Apr 0-9 q?— pre 0 Seen @ and Kom yesond Sigs) = 4g > 0 (oe real ro) Spe «i From (i) and (i), we get result q? = pr. ‘The roots of the equations are given by ~bst yb? — tac Let bt dae > 0, b> 0 Now, ifa>0,¢>0,b° the roots are negative. @ Le be dag 20, then the roots are given by ce aac } In each case, the roots have negative real pat. Given equation 2ax? + Qa +b)x * Now its discriminant D = Qa~ by 42ab = Qa Hence, D is a perfect square. So, given equation has rational roots Since 2+iN/3 is a coot, therefore, 2 i will be other rool, Now sum of the rools = product of roots ~~ g. Hence (p, Let the roots be o and, = a +B = —p, af = Given, a B= a+ But a.) B= (a + B)* = 208 => p= Cp)? 2 p= 2g--p 3p tp = 24 Gived equation is x 2ax +? ta —3=0 If roo are rg, then D> 0 = 4a? — af? +a 3) 20 S-at320 Sa-3<00s3 As roots are less than 3, henge £(3) > 0. Suen tat a—3> 05a S04 6>0 3 (-2)(@-3)> 0 either <2 ora>3 ‘Hence, a < 2 satisfy all. [AS sum of coefficients is zero, hence one rot is 1 and other root is =" Since roots are equal, <1 2me nel dest 1s given that: a = 2 => Bal4n2et2aar2 2ar3 ‘Also, a+ at Putting this value of a, we get sum of roots Qrd 40d asl 2118. @) a+ B= 19. @ 120. ©) 11. @) 122. ©) 123.) (\? 2x4) Sandal = p= oe 8 Now, —°—+—F— Web ware (ac+b) + Blab +b) ~ hr byear sy (os) (8) _ af) se4p) Let a, a be the two roots, Then, = b atot= 0 and a0! cy) On cubing both sides of (i), 18, (by and Gi] Given (x ~a) (xb a+B-a+bandaB=ab—c Now, given equation (x0) (xp) + e= 0 x'-(a+ Bix abte If its roots be p and q, then pra=(atpy=ard Pa aP c= ab—ce=ab 126. So, it can be given by x2 — (@ + byx + b= 0 So, is roots will bea and b b ¢ a+ p=-2 andap = Now, of? a2 B+ af = aPiB + a) + a8 ef.(2 ap sap) £{1+(-2)} mo Since a, Bate the rots of the equation 2x 35x +2=0 Also, a= 1 > age _2 ta? 35a=-Dor2a35= = 26? 358 = -2 or 28 128.) Let a, B are roots of x? + px + q = 0 So, a+ B= -pand a8 = q Given that (a+ 8) = 3(a—B) a-p-F Now, (ap)? = (0.1 By? ~ 408 Pog? 4g 0r 2p? = 94, Since roots ofthe equation x2— Sx + 16-0 are af of a+ B= Sand ap = 16 anda? +p? + F (a+ py 2ap + p2s-32+8=-p ) pe Land (a? + py Now, a — B= ylor+B)? 408 (sk+1)° 4.5k a-p- {Ae -1 25K 70k 15-0 CEH K-780 Ske ES Case: x—2>0,Puingx-2= y y>0 x>2 nea x03 Buto “2, Hencex = 3is the eal rot Casellsx-2<0-9x2, Voy 2-0-9992, 1a9x=4,x01 Since ¢2,onlyx= Liste real oot Hence te sum ofthe el rots =3 = 1 Lax = 2+ 1 sxe2+4 (Onsimptiscation ax-12 8 But the valve of the given expression cannot be negative ot les than 2, therfore 1+ yf is required x= Or oP = 64x SY x 6-056 -JE+D=05x=3, 2 x =-2 will be rejected as x > 0, Hence, x solution, is the129. (6) 133. 0 134. @ Let @, B be the roots of x? + bx + ¢ = Gand al, bye the roots of x? + qx + r= 0. ‘Then, a+ B=-b, aB = 0, a +B! = a Wer is given wat = ab (axe? (rey (6) (py de qh oa biraqe Let the complex number 2,23. denote the vertices A,B,C ofan equilateral triangle ABC. Then, if0 be the a 12.0 istheciramoente of ABC Hence 7,175 larshedee Je tor yay Fenn, eg on yeni rinaginay axis 2zlies on or inside the circle with centre (~ 4, 0) and radius 3 units (cos8 +isin6)* “ 5 epcism? ~ 08 isn (csi sind) = (©0840 + isin 40) {cos (-0)+ isin (0) (608 48 + sin 40) {oos(— (c0s 48 + isin 48) {cos36 + i sin 38} = c0s 40 cos 30 —sin 40 sn 38 “+i (Sin 40 cos 30 + sin30 cos 40) = cos (40 +38) +i sin (40 +30) = cos 70-+i sin 78 Let the vertices be Zp, 2,25 Wert centre Oat origin and eal= V5. (129 beae® — zl bea leos 8+ isin @— 1) = WB (cos 1) sin? 6 = IE YBIT~ candy = V5 2s 0/2) = Aeds= .2sin(4) = V5 (- 0-2%-4) Similarly, AyAy= AzAa= AxAy=AeAs + AsAy=6V5. Hence the perimeter of, regular polygon is Ags PAA Rady AGT AsAgt Achy 65. 135. 186. 2 oi? afofateea nists ‘So the distance of point z remain same from (0, 0) and ao Shen snes srl Oa, otitoe x=! Assertion is a standard result. |z ~ (2 + 3i)|= 4 => Distance of P(z) from the point (2, 3) is equal to 4, Soe em tts a 8 ak radius 4 138. (©) | +22|=|4)/ +1221 > 5 and zare collinear and are to the same side of origin; hence arg =) —arg 2-0. 139. ©) (x1 +8=0 > (x=) =(-2) 0"? => x-1=-2or 20 of -207 or rs-1erl-2@ orl-20? i Ge cos 48° iin2Z4se) =60830"+sin30" 3 3 Fgh Sea sty 78 ) Ut, (9 sof (0 s0?}e=F] -sinf oso? yee 142. Asgiveno~ —- > Jo|~ le-til = danse elit (1) ae enc es on isco ofthe ine ing pin 0,0) and. 13) Fence ins on sight ine143. 144. @) 4s. @) 146. @ 7. @ 148, }ando*= 1 then (3 +0430? +20-20)* +307 302~2o0)'=[3(1+2+0*)—20}4 =(0-20)= 1604= 160 (= 1) De Moivers theorem :Ifn is any rational number, then (60s 0 + sin BY" = cosn0 + isin m0 (gong) 4 Mati = cos +isin = 3 6 22 xtiya1-ttiye? +042) so xel-tand y= Vested lminangt, 2 (3) 2 an? iensa-(x-3] +4 F which sa hyperbola Wehave, i! = Given2e=-1+ V5 me = Now(1-@2 +0)" +0) =(or-0'! (0-0), (¢) L020) (2e**— (20° wy 2) er 3),5C= (0, 1)andD= (2-2) AB = (2-0)? +30)? = Vi3;i BC = 23s C2)—-2)°=0 ( 222 Bett) co AG ID (2-29 Hence, four given points are the vertices of a rectangle. Let the common root 2o2+ka.~$=Oando?~3a-4=0 Solving both equations @ oa THe “S08 6k 2 4ks15 >a! kre (2) 4k «15 ke) “ese = (k= 15) k +6) 4k + 39k + 81-05 149, (¢) Let the common root be y ‘Then, y+ py Pq. and y? + ay + =O On solving by cross multiplication, we have Bork=— 27/4 (rDe-De => BAD DORD. arly? 3 (xt R-1(R-3) > 0 and x21 Using method ofimerva, we get, x €(-1, DUG, #) ISL. @) p?+4?=(p+ 9)? —2pq= a? 2046 Pag Ifm=0, then we get I> 0, which is tue fms, then we have a IP 4525 182. ©) m>Oand (9m? 4m (Sm~1)<0 = 0 a= — Substituting the value of «in (i), we get : (By ol) ou = 400 — agaia—¥) 04a 67 0 2288 Gite k (G2 +3) +x +2x?-1=Oand 6k (2x? — 1) +px+4x?+2=0 156. (a)187. @ 158. 159. (© 160. (©) @ 2 © 1 L 2sin®a = (6 +22 Fax + 3K 1=0 “@ S (12k + 4)x2 + px 6k + 2= 0...) Let a and P be the roots ofboth equations (i) and (i), apes om) and @+B= =P (rome) - 20+3K) 40+3k) > 2 = -2r=—p = 2e-p=0. Given x? ~5x+6>0 -9(x-2)(¢-3)>0 (290, ¢-3)>0ar &2)<0,¢e-3)<0 xo 2ands>3ore<2,x<3-—x>3 or x<2 x €(-2,2)UG,2) Then x e(—9,2) UG, ®) Leta be the common root of given equations, then a +ha-1=0 «) and a2 ++ b=0 2) Subtracting 2) from (1), we get, bel @-a- +1) =00ra= 5 Gay Gap. b3+3b=0— 6-0, 3-3 weget 3=0 simultanesouly, which isnot possible. Consider xP 8x $17 (0? Br +16)41=(7-4)? +1 Since x is real, so (x ~ 4)? is always postive and its Teast. value is 0 and so the minimum value of given expressions EXERCISE - 2 Let z= sin x + i cos 2x According to the given condition, Z = cos x ~i sin 2x sin x ~ i 60s 2x = e0s x ~i sin 2x (sin x ~ c0s x) + isin 2x ~ c0s 2x) = 0 On equating real and imaginary parts, we get sin x ~ cos x = 0, sin 2x ~ cos 23 tan x= Land tan 2x= 1 x= F and 2x= 5 o> x= 5 andx= which is not possible Leisine (sina Wisin disines) Tene" 1 isinar isin) isinea~2isina +27? si L-3isine.~2sin? 1-4 sin? a T4sin? a 4sin?a Ledsin® 6 ‘As, 2s a purely real So, K-95 sina=0-0=ne Teasin? a ©) As.z=x 1 iy lies inthe third quadrant So.x0] = PS yPanday>O Hence, x cos 0= cos % Te4cor® 2 clockwise direction So, new position = (2 De® oozme2 => 0=2nns 5 2 ofom(Z)eisn(3)]-2 0-9 as, Ge signe z9s- orerer <0 vee ea Aero oltenetrhednarea SincenyeR ; Sarr? isootalconplx numba ity #0 : Tu Sea cand ; 2 x I(-x) +0-yP ttle tayext+ ty? 2y aa Pay Moe tie on rans GaO+29 _ 6246-27 _ Sei Here,z isa complex number, Let 2+ iy 2-222, 44P 3 FI=b= beet, wo. Nowzt= (ete 2 +2 +129) = Pav tng = Bi= ¥e?-yP+em) = Be hae eo? From Eqs. (1) and @) we get: ? =? Let z, =7, (608 0, + isin 0), 2,~ #5 (608 6) isin 8) {21-174 bl Igiven) [C6 6088, +f, cos 8) Fie, sin 8, + sin 0) 1 So, f@)=14 5! rte, arg(z,)=arg(z,). 1+icos8 _ (1+icos®)(1+2icos8) T-2icos8 (I 2icos8)(I+ 2icos8) rt, oso 1/0086 + 2/088 +2? cos? 8 1-4? cos"