(244, Explain the principle and working of @ meter "Explain the principe ofa moter with he help fe 1 Cat Boing ne cet Appt vlage ie Pa igo om; Co raving the Eegueney of oot wearer shad te ipl by he index seting of te “minty Jn uiven vue nd adjsting te ting capacitor by meter st snownas “eit "sinc it inches howe of voletertaiagearaior «car higher nm nested Qo cei . This ileence is Sane of te col fr small compared tothe eron ‘Gas. Describe the method of measuring high Impedance using Q-meter. or Describe the method of meaturing high Impedance using Creeter on Explain the“ SPECTROM ALLAITONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS ore, se, 080) ae-parate-connetion” method of vag Gametr and obtain the exeresslns fr raters Sia GROUP ocanned with vatiScar‘the adhesive used ‘phe using time is 1 to 2 hours, jy Te well ange oF temperatures upto 4oorc, . 5 i) _3tismainly used for measuring dynamic strain ) ‘pale the principle of operation of strain gauges with the help of neat diagrams: April-18, Set-3, Q6(a) * OR st out different types of strain gauges used transducer and explain any one in detail. , Apriunay-17, Set-4, 6(0) OR explain briefly the different type wire strain gauges. : (Bec-43, St2, A7(a)| Model Papert, Q6(a)) .ch one of them. i May-13, Set, Q7(b) "i OR : : . Explain the construction and working of strain gauge. host Nov.-11, Set-4, Q7(b) Te following are the various types of strain gauges, |. Unbonded strain gauges 1, Bonded strain gauges (| Wire gauge © Foil gauge (9 Semi conductor gauge 3. Different metal strain gauges 4 Vatabie inductance type strain gauge Pipe , + The working principle of strain gauge depends on piezo-resistive effect, ie., when a stress or force is applied to a metal aductor it will get compressed, and resistance of the conductor changes due to change in its length and diameter. The ratio of ‘aoge in length to the actual length i.e., % will give the strain. The ratio of change in the resistance to the actual resistance AR ‘> will give the unit change in resistance. From these two the gauge factor (G) of a strain gauge can be defined as “per AR/R ALTE © : ‘tchange in resistance divided by per unit change in length”, i.e., G, The following are the various types of strain gauges, Bonded strain gauges Unbonded strain gauges . 1 Wire gauge ©) Foil gauge (© Semi conductor gauge Different metal strain gauges’ Variable inductance tune strain cause Scanned with CamScan{ = | 5.22 ELECTRONIC MEASUREMEN] revo narernon ra agg Por 8. ITS AND INSTRUMENTATION (JN Tuk Le oe imine ican pugs, ich eo dt todd on he rer ote device whichis sujet Sts Sen sunt ny are How sebonded resistance ocanned witn Vamocar are 0.003 mm in imc and 25mm in eh reeked ange of mason exation vlogs res fom SVt6 10. | ster fom ow seein and ep. canbe sd forthe measurement ofgh empties esta ie om bonding materi nd rei sins? are aethen the efron forms of netting. Thi cotintn on ae co ne er cn emer et cman me rene ae isa a oe JouRnat FoR ENGINEERING ia o | SPECTROM aLLIRFOnE:easurerent of Physical Parameters rangement 0.025 mm depth spherical depressi rng two fixed or stationary plates of capacitor are formed. diplnogh oe es forms the moveable plat ofthe capacitor. This capacitor forms one ofthe four arms ‘of the Wheatstone bridge yeep, ate the two pressures applied on two sides of the diaphragm. f pressures are of equal valu, P,= Pthe diaphragm will ihe bridge generates No output oF zero output. own a in it god be in neutral state causing the bridge 10 become thatthe pressure P, is greater than P, ic, P, > Py the diaphragm moves down wards, This pan ihe differential pressure P (P= P, ~ Sines the diaphragm #0 © one ofthe plates of the cabasios if which the bridge becomes unbalanced and produces some output volage. This output voltage Becomes ferential pressure. Here the output voltage is linearly prop 1 to the displacement of diaphragm an For an opposite differential pressure the output voltage indicates 180° phase pact transduce pan Ps ee nen both the this c25 wal Now assume (ni OR u ressure transducer. with a neat sketch, explain the operation of & capacitive p' trance qu motlbipars O76) mnsducer employing, the capacitive transducer eseribe the principle of operation of a pressure tra Nov.-10, Set-4, 08(8) principle. See OR : escribe the principle of the operation of capacitive trans ducer type pressure transducer. Anst Capacitive Pressure Transducers Capacitive pressure transqucer operates on a parallel plate capacitor which is given by, the principle of capacitance eA -ee9 A. oF ey CG ee < ppacitor “i oy C— Cepacitance of a =e,» Permiitivity of medium > Relative permittivity dielectric constant) > Permitivity offre space d —> Distance between two plates ‘A — Overlapping area of two plates. “Thus, the capacitance ofa capacitor changes with, (@) The change in overlapping area (4) of plats. () The change in distance (¢) between the two plates. (©) The change in dielectric (¢,) constant. ST capacitive pressure transducer llizes the principle of ehange in distance between two plates. The arrangement of © | capacitive pressure transducer is shown in the following figure. | Reference j 7 ere ' | Diaphragm \ ret OBER) [-]om Bridge; + ; titi presice : 1 Ontpt py { : Figure: Capacitive Pressure Transducer 0 STUDENTS =o 1A GROUP <5 SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS siSeer 6.14 ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION [JNTU-KAKINADA} Cap: itive pressure transducer comprises, Diaphragm which acts as pressure sensing element (or primary transducer). @) Capacitive element which act as secondary transducer (ii) Wheatstone bridge circuit. ° The capacitive clement has one fixed plate whereas the dig the pressure tobe measured is applied tothe dlaphragra, iphragms acts as the movable plate of the capacitor. Whenever itgets deflected. Therefore, the distance between the diaphragm and fixed For answer refer Unit-V1, Q10, Scanned with CamScan