4.16 rm 7 CELLULAR AND MOBILE COM! 5 UMBRELLA PATTERN ANTENNAS Q18. Explain about umbrella pattern antennas used at cell sites. fi (Model Papers, a5 |Apiay 9, Set2, 4) fea of Quarteravelngth Explain about umbrella pattem antenna Ft eet ae i ann ine tt | ose sia” Ante ‘ameter (eshed Line) and ‘ApriuMay-t7, Set3, 2409) | pjanes sovers! Warton mater Dated Lie) thot | cen (or) vt alent ae ne roa (a Broadband Umbrella Patter” 1. gov Explain how umbrella pattern antennas aroused Pe ondband umbrella pater antenna is used toc, Fivolt as the cell site antennas. abating angles. The Param ot qaeotoom the smaller tine ed to produce an umbrella pate, ide her Apia 16 Set, O88) which ean be ad ae are, : : the (or) 1, Diameter of the disk . atone ea ony lscuse about brondband umbratia patern | 2 HE ao antenn 3. Oped men pete, set.) : sphere (Refer Only Broadband ‘Umbrelta Pattern Antennas) » me be fe O jsaisto 038, o mS piscuss about normal umbrelia pattern 27° @ Fgnal2 tena. aw FS, ‘ort. et, a0) f K pack-lo a i {oa signal cer ny Novi UnbretsPatra tenn) 7 oe alld fea vena ignocalla Figure (2 Diseone Antenna oe How can a high gain broadband umbra! res Aas of Binorn antenna be constructed for cell sit0? (iy High-gain Broadband Umbrella Pattern Avienas Explain. “Anigh gain broad-band umbrella pater antenna cite Aoriay 14 S03, O50) Ant by packing or stacking of two or more umbrelt s . Sitems-The stacked antennas forming 2 high-ia ‘(Refer Only High-gon Broadband Umbrella Patern Broadband antenna is shown in figure (3), “Antenna Ans: Umbrella Pattern Antennas Umbrella pattem antennas are most widely used as cell sive antenas. Various umbrella pattem antennas used are, 1, Normal umbrella pattem antenna A én : o> fc anc ou nid inure 3 High-gain Umbrella Pattern Anteons ae = ‘The individual antenna pattern is given by, ; sin Broad-band umbrella s. ee umbrella patter antennas [(wa/2A)cos9] Fig ()) Normal Umbrella Pa (en (Normal Umbrella Pattern Antenna ' (722) cos¢] (wy) tis This ype of umbrella pattern can be generated by the ic wb use of monopole having a top-disk for control of energy in NV —Number of elements i the speviied area The top dsc size determines the tit angle. $ ~Direction of wave ov Thou ofthe discs iaversely related otlt angle of umbrella a2 Dh wave ved Minimum = Distance of separation between two adjareH elements, For pattem. Scanned with CamScan5.12 20. Write notes on cell site hi aa nae aa] handoff. or Ans: Cell Site Handoff “The handoff scheme in which the cell site changes its frequency soastotune with he mobile nit instead of chang the fequeney of mobile units known as cel site handoft. Ty scheme can also be applicable tothe systems like noncelilar networks. Inthis case, when the mobile nit that hasbeen already assigned a foquencyf by the elite‘ while MOVES 2h assior ene cll and eters anew call Instead of SNES poe iy ofthe moieties it he FEN Je mabile unt ie, whichis ilustated in ue: sand Shue se sit hand, mobile unit quency dete AE sci Se ony TB ns men there is no Fequirement to allot ‘handoff capabil nit ofinterference in trafic dense are, ped for low trafic areas only. ore: Cell Si Dueto the occurrence call sie handoff scheme is prese Intersystem Handot or remaining answer refer UBiC-Vs Q18. 5A vEnICLE LOCATING METHODS rious vehicle locating methods 21. Discuss v (aoe Papers ee) |Aty 1, Set, 6) (on White short notes on vehicle locating methods Avntitay-17, Sot, Q6(0) fon What are the different vehicle locating methods? Explain in detail. Aorta s6, S03, 7) | Apiny-14 Set, )) for) Explain about various vehicle locating methods ‘Ai et, 070) (or) How to locate vehicle In any cell site? Explain MMUNICATIONS [INTU-KAKI MOBILE CO! ‘Ans: “The vehicle ocating methodsare divided i090 py, They are, . 1. Installation of easinmene the vehicles E 2. Installation ofequipment at the cell site, wi 1, Installation or Equipment inthe Veicles (a) Traingulation ‘ince the Joe: wh tansmiing ates ‘The vehicle Jocaion Th The accuracy inthe mens ‘tiltipath phenoreno?- smlipath ph 0 (o). Finn! and GIFS Equipment. ‘ro measure the diretion and diSHOee vehiclely | AR* 7 ied from a recognized point #27 given tne pr teaeroscope an ith wheel: ; ' fo) Tee tobe Position Satelite (GPs) ; i “re computation of vehicle Heaton using SPS my ‘Te commualywitin 6m. Where four lob Ps 1 ace arin space, we ean calculate thes dineig sate tad, longitude and altitude, Caren x . i that pg in cellarsysem since BecostaGs |, M receiver is very high T nstallation of Equipment atthe CellSite a 7 ja) Triangulation Based on Signal Strength (a) Triangulation Based on Sig e a very single cel site records the strength of 8 sip 1 exshved fiom a mobile unit and then implemen! rretod to detect the location of the vehicle or mokt the drog unit, taking i call rate Due to multipath phenomenon the accuracy in bt measurement is Very poor. Lo (0) Triangulation Based on Angular Arrival wo Inthis proces from which direction the signaisartet }— >> at each cell site should be recorded and then imple the triangulation method to detect the location of oe vehicle or mobile unit. (©) Triangulation Based on Responsive Time ari ‘The cell site transmits a signal to the mobile unit tts bck tthe ei se wih tine delay ot ¥ a chang in the phase of sign |. Computing the pba change rine day in thse atthe site wee distance ofthe mobile unit from that ce vehicle locating methods. Look for the SIA GROUP Loco {YS on the TITLE COVER before you bu ly Scanned with CamScanQ16. Explain the architecture of GSM. (Model Papers, Q7 | AprilMtay-19, Set-4, Q7(b) | AprilWMay-15; Set-1,"8(a) (or) 7 Explain architecture of GSM. Aprile18, Set-1, Q7(b) Explain GSM architecture in detail. ‘April48, Sot-2, 7(a (or) With suitable block diagram explain the GSM system. (ApritMay:t7, Set2, a7(b) | AprilMay-17, Set, 27(b) (or) Explain in detail about GSM architecture, palin for) . Explain a simple GSM network architecture with the help of a neat diagram. 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