Terminologia Embryologica

TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA
Second Edition
International Embryological Terminology
FIPAT
The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology
A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA)
Bibliographic Reference Citation:

FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for
Anatomical Terminology, February 2017
Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019).
License:
The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license
The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part
of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this
terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by
users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other
works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a
derivative work.
Preface
This, second edition of Terminologia Embryologica, was developed from the published Terminologia
Embryologica [1]. It has been expanded substantially in extent and comprehensiveness, with the inclusion
of new terms from the fields of normal development, congenital anomalies and growth variations. This is
in accordance with the FIPAT policy of enhancing clinical relevance. It incorporates new, relevant terms in
clinical areas and in anatomical science fields such as embryology, neuroscience, stem cell biology and
in vitro fertilisation.
The format is changed relative to that of the 2013 publication. The order of the early, more general
sections was changed to a more consistent sequence, and the principal location of terms relating to early
development was brought forward from the Stages section. As before, the main part consists of pure
terms, the development of the early embryo and sections covering the later development of each system.
The arrangement of terms follows the developmental sequence as closely as possible. The final part is
chronological, indicating the times of appearance and prevalence of individual features and includes the
Carnegie Stages.
The official FIPAT terms are in Latin. This enables translation into any vernacular, in the present instance
English. The document is divided into five chapters (see below). New terms were introduced in all
sections of TE, in particular: The CNS section was extended and revised in response to new molecular
data. So were terms relating to stem cells, taking into account recent developments in that field. There
was a major increase in the number of terms relating to congenital anomalies, the core clinical elements
of TE. These are becoming increasingly relevant as imaging technologies and clinical genetics identify
and classify progressively more of them. Many of these were taken from the excellent set of papers in
Elements of Morphology: Standard Terminology, produced by a group of over 30 clinical geneticists [2-9],
and a clinical text on dysmorphologies [10]. Only terms describing qualitatively unequivocal or
quantitatively determinable anomalies [11] were included. The Latin terms have been reviewed by
members of the FIPAT Latin Subcommittee.
References
1. FIPAT. 2013. Terminologia Embryologica. Stuttgart: Thieme.
2. Carey JC. 2009. Editorial comment: Editor’s foreword to a special issue ‘Elements of Morphology:
Standard terminology’. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:1
3. Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, Carey JC, Hennekam RCM. 2009. Elements of morphology:
Introduction. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:2-5.
4. Allanson JE, Cunniff C, Hoyme HE, McGaughran J, Muenke M, Neri G. 2009. Elements of
morphology: Standard terminology for the head and face. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:6-28.
5. Hall BD, Graham JM Jr., Cassidy SB, Opitz JM. 2009. Elements of morphology: Standard
terminology for the periorbital region. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:29-39.
6. Hunter A, Frias J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Hughes H, Jones K, Wilson L. 2009. Elements of
morphology: Standard terminology for the ear. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:40-60.
7. Hennekam RCM, Cormier-Daire V, Hall J, Méhes K, Patton M, Stevenson R. 2009. Elements of
morphology: Standard terminology for the nose and philtrum. Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:61-76.
8. Carey JC, Cohen MM Jr., Curry CJR, Devriendt K, Holmes LB, Verloes A. 2009. Elements of
morphology: Standard terminology for the lips, mouth and oral region. Am J Med Genet Part A
147A:77-92.
9. Biesecker LG, Aase JM, Clericuzio C, Gurrieri F, Temple IK, Toriello H. 2009. Elements of
morphology: Standard terminology for the hands and feet. Am J Med Genet Part A 147A:93-127.
10. Reardon W. 2015. The Bedside Dysmorphologist, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press.
11. Gripp KW, Slavotinek AM, Hall JG, Allanson JE. 2007. Handbook of Physical Measurements. 2nd
ed. Oxford University Press.
John Fraher
Coordinator TE; Chair FIPAT
FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2 2
Acknowledgements
Financial
FIPAT wishes to thank the Dalhousie University Libraries for covering the costs of publication, and all the
institutions, sections, departments, Societies and Associations that materially and financially supported its
members in their work.
Academic
FIPAT meetings were held in conjunction with and thus assisted by the XVIIIth Congress of the
International Federation of Associations of Anatomists [Beijing 2014], the International Symposium on
Morphology at Istanbul [2015] and the Anatomische Gesellschaft [Göttingen 2016].
FIPAT wishes to thank the following Experts/Consultants who assisted the TE Working Group during its
deliberations: Pierre Sprumont [Switzerland], Allesandro Riva [Italy], Kieran McDermott [Ireland], Hans-
Werner Denker [Germany], Colin Wendell-Smith* [Australia], Bernard Moxham [UK], Marina Kapitonova
[Russia and Malaysia], Rick Livesey [UK], Luis Puelles (Spain), David Brynmor Thomas [UK], Beate
Brand-Saberi [Germany], Marina Quartu (Italy), David Kachlik (Czech Republic) with the aid and support
of the Officers of FIPAT [Pierre Sprumont (Secretary), Paul E. Neumann (Deputy Secretary)] and the
Latin Subcommittee [John Fraher, Paul E. Neumann, Pierre Sprumont, Alessandro Riva].
* former Secretary to FCAT and subsequently FICAT, deceased
While the individuals acknowledged here gave expert advice, the final Terminology is the responsibility of
FIPAT
Embryology Working Group

John Fraher, Coordinator [Ireland]
Jonathan Bard [UK]
Bruce Carlson [USA]
Darrell Evans [UK and Australia]
Hans ten Donkelaar [Netherlands]
Christof Viebahn [Germany]
Contents
Front-Matter
• Title
• License
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• User Guide
Part 1
Caput I Nomina generalia Ch. 1 General terms
Caput II Embryogenesis Ch. 2 Embryogenesis
Caput III. Ontogenesis Ch. 3 Ontogenesis
Caput IV Histogenesis generalis Ch. 4 General histogenesis
Part 2
Caput V Organogenesis Ch. 5 Organogenesis
• Systema skeletale • Skeletal system
• Systema musculare • Muscular system
• Facies • Face
• Systema digestorium • Alimentary system
Part 3
Caput V Organogenesis (continued) Ch. 5 Organogenesis (continued)
• Systema respiratorium • Respiratory system
• Systema urinarium • Urinary system
• Systemata genitalia • Genital systems
• Coeloma et septa • Coelom and septa
• Glandulae endocrinae • Endocrine glands
• Systema cardiovasculare • Cardiovascular system
• Systema lymphoideum • Lymphoid system
Part 4
Caput V Organogenesis (continued) Ch. 5 Organogenesis (continued)
• Systema nervosum • Nervous system
• Organa sensuum • Sense organs
• Integumentum commune • The integument
Caput VI Adnexa embryonica et fetalia Ch. 6 Developmental adnexa
Part 5
Caput VII Notatio temporum ontologicorum Ch. 7 Temporal stages of development
Caput VIII Nomina dysmorphica Ch. 8 Dysmorphia terms
User Guide
In accordance with the decision at the Istanbul meeting of FIPAT (2015), and as with the other FIPAT
terminologies, a new, 6-column format has been adopted. The six columns comprise the official Latin
term, Latin synonym(s) where relevant, English (UK and US) terms and English synonym(s) where
relevant. The final column includes references to Endnotes and eponyms. The former are placed in a
separate section at the end of each Part.
Each term is in the singular, except where it is a heading of a list, in which case the plural is appropriate.
A proper name between the symbols § and § indicates that the name is part of an eponym associated
with the term in the same row. The acronym IVF indicates features, details of which have been
elucidated in in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. A note of "In part" in the final column indicates that the
contribution of an entity to the structure in question is partial. In the urogenital systems, female
derivatives are identified by ♀ and male derivatives by ♂.
The order of terms follows development naturally for each system. Indenting and styles of heading are
used to indicate the relations of terms to one another, as follows:
Most important term Heading 1

Heading 2
Heading 3
HEADING 4
Heading 5
Least important heading 6
Non-term heading
Term
Term
Term
Abbreviations in Latin terms are used as follows:
Singular Latin English Plural Latin English

A. Arteria Artery Aa. Arteriae Arteries
Lig. Ligamentum Ligament Ligg. Ligamenta Ligaments
M. Musculus Muscle Mm. Musculi Muscles
N. Nervus Nerve Nn. Nervi Nerves
R. Ramus Branch Rr. Rami Branches
V. Vena Vein Vv. Venae Veins
Second Edition
FIPAT
TE2, PART I
Contents
Caput I: Nomina generalia Chapter 1: General terms

Caput II: Embryogenesis Chapter 2: Embryogenesis
Caput III: Ontogenesis Chapter 3: Ontogenesis
Caput IV: Histogenesis generalis Chapter 4: General histogenesis

FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017
Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019)
Creative Commons License:

The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license
The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use
the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA
member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the
Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work.
Caput I: NOMINA GENERALIA Chapter 1: GENERAL TERMS
Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other

1 Nomina generalia General terms General terms
2 Modus reproductionis Reproductive mode Reproductive mode
3 Reproductio sexualis Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
4 Viviparitas Viviparity Viviparity
5 Heterogamia Heterogamy Heterogamy
6 Endogamia Endogamy Endogamy
7 Sequentia reproductionis Reproductive sequence Reproductive sequence
8 Ovulatio Ovulation Ovulation
9 Erectio Erection Erection
10 Coitus Coitus Coitus Sexual intercourse
11 Ejaculatio Ejaculation Ejaculation Endnote 1
12 Emissio Emission Emission
13 Ejaculatio vera Ejaculation proper Ejaculation proper
14 Semen Semen Semen Ejaculate
15 Inseminatio Insemination Insemination
16 Fertilisatio Fertilization Fertilization
17 Fecundatio Fecundation Fecundation Impregnation
18 Superfecundatio Superfecundation Superfecundation
19 Superimpregnatio Superimpregnation Superimpregnation
20 Superfetatio Superfetation Superfetation
21 Ontogenesis Ontogeny Ontogeny
22 Ontogenesis prenatalis Prenatal ontogeny Prenatal ontogeny
23 Tempus prenatale Tempus gestationis Prenatal period Prenatal period Gestation period
24 Vita prenatalis Prenatal life Prenatal life
25 Vita intrauterina Intra-uterine life Intrauterine life
26 Tempus embryonicum Embryonic period Embryonic period
27 Embryogenesis Embryogenesis Embryogenesis Embryogeny Endnote 2
28 Tempus fetale Fetal period Fetal period
29 Fetogenesis Fetogenesis Fetogenesis Endnote 3
30 Tempus natale Birth period Birth period
31 Ontogenesis postnatalis Postnatal ontogeny Postnatal ontogeny
32 Tempus serius Later period Later period
33 Vita postnatalis Postnatal life Postnatal life
34 Cycli genitales Reproductive cycles Reproductive cycles

35 Cycli genitales feminini Female reproductive cycles Female reproductive cycles
36 PHASES OVARICAE OVARIAN PHASES OVARIAN PHASES
37 Phasis infantilis Infantile phase Infantile phase
38 Phasis prepubertalis Prepubertal phase Prepubertal phase
39 Phasis pubertalis Pubertal phase Pubertal phase
40 Phasis matura Mature phase Mature phase
41 Phasis involutionis Involution phase Involution phase
FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 7

42 CYCLUS OVARICUS OVARIAN CYCLE OVARIAN CYCLE
43 Oogenesis Oogenesis Oogenesis
44 Phases cycli ovarici Phases of ovarian cycle Phases of ovarian cycle
45 Phasis follicularis Follicular phase Follicular phase
46 Ovulatio Ovulation Ovulation
47 Phasis corporis lutei Luteal phase Luteal phase Corpus luteum phase
48 Phasis involutionis Involution phase Involution phase
49 Typi ovulationis Types of ovulation Types of ovulation
50 Ovulatio uniovularis Uni-ovular ovulation Uniovular ovulation
51 Ovulatio multiovularis Multi-ovular ovulation Multiovular ovulation
52 Ovulatio spontanea Spontaneous ovulation Spontaneous ovulation
53 Ovulatio superovularis Superovulatio Superovulation Superovulation
54 Superovulatio inducta Induced superovulation Induced superovulation
55 CYCLUS MENSTRUALIS ENDOMETRIAL MENSTRUAL ENDOMETRIAL MENSTRUAL

ENDOMETRII CYCLE CYCLE
56 Amenorrhoea primaria Primary amenorrhoea Primary amenorrhea
57 Menarcha Menarche Menarche
58 Phasis proliferativa Phasis follicularis Proliferative phase Proliferative phase Follicular phase; Oestrogenic
phase; Estrogenic phase
59 Phasis ovulatoria Ovulatory phase Ovulatory phase
60 Phasis secretoria Phasis lutealis Secretory phase Secretory phase Luteal phase; Progesterone phase
61 Phasis gestatoria Gestatory phase Gestatory phase
62 Phasis ischaemiae Ischaemic phase Ischemic phase
63 Phasis menstrualis Phasis desquamativa Menstrual phase Menstrual phase Desquamation phase
64 Menses Menses Menses
65 Phasis postmenstrualis Postmenstrual phase Postmenstrual phase
66 Amenorrhoea secundaria Secondary amenorrhoea Secondary amenorrhea
67 Climacter Climacteric Climacteric
68 Menopausa Menopause Menopause
69 CYCLUS CERVICALIS CERVICAL CYCLE CERVICAL CYCLE

70 Phasis preovulatorius Pre-ovulatory phase Preovulatory phase
71 Phasis fertilis Fertile phase phase Fertile phase phase
72 Phasis maxime fertilis Highly fertile phase Highly fertile phase
73 Phasis postovulatorius Postovulatory phase Postovulatory phase
74 CYCLUS VAGINALIS VAGINAL CYCLE VAGINAL CYCLE Endnote 4

75 Phasis initialis Initial phase Initial phase
76 Phasis ovulationis Ovulation phase Ovulation phase
77 Phasis sera Later phase Later phase
78 CYCLUS GLANDULAE MAMMARY GLAND CYCLE MAMMARY GLAND CYCLE

MAMMARIAE
79 Phasis inactiva Inactive phase Inactive phase

80 Phasis proliferativa Proliferative phase Proliferative phase
81 Lactatio Lactation Lactation
82 Phasis colostralis Colostral phase Colostral phase
83 Phasis lactifera Milk phase Milk phase
84 Phasis involuta Involution phase Involution phase
85 Cyclus genitalis masculinus Male reproductive cycle Male reproductive cycle

86 Phases testiculares Testicular phases Testicular phases
87 Phasis infantilis Infantile phase Infantile phase
88 Phasis prepubertalis Prepubertal phase Prepubertal phase
89 Phasis pubertalis Pubertal phase Pubertal phase
90 Phasis matura Mature phase Mature phase
91 Phasis involuta Involution phase Involution phase
92 Pregnatio Graviditas Pregnancy Pregnancy Gestation

93 CYCLUS PREGNATIONIS PREGNANCY CYCLE PREGNANCY CYCLE
94 Conceptio Conception Conception
95 Conceptus Conceptus Conceptus Endnote 5
96 Cyema Cyema Cyema Endnote 6
97 Embryo Embryo Embryo Gradus 1 ad 23; Stages 1-23
Endnote 7
98 Fetus Fetus Fetus
99 Adnexa developmentalia Membranae embryonicae et Developmental adnexa Developmental adnexa Embryonic and fetal adnexa Endnote 8
fetales; Adnexa embryonica et
fetalia
100 Tempus tubale Tubal period Tubal period
101 Tempus uterinum Uterine period Uterine period
102 Phasis pregastrulationis Pregastrulation phase Pregastrulation phase Endnote 9
103 Phasis preimplantationis Pre-implantation phase Preimplantation phase
104 Phasis implantationis Implantation phase Implantation phase
105 Phasis gastrulationis Gastrulation phase Gastrulation phase
106 Phasis preparatoria Phasis embryogenica Preparative phase Preparative phase Embryogenic phase Endnote 10
107 Phasis postgastrulationis Postgastrulation phase Postgastrulation phase
108 Phasis placentalis Placental phase Placental phase
109 Terminus Term Term End of pregnancy
110 Parturitio Parturition Parturition Labour; Labor
111 Parturitio prematura Premature labour Premature labor
112 Parturitio matura Mature labour Mature labor Full term labour; Full term labor
113 Parturitio postmatura Postmature labour Postmature labor
114 PREGNATIO UTERINA UTERINE PREGNANCY UTERINE PREGNANCY

115 Pregnatio cornualis Cornual pregnancy Cornual pregnancy
116 Pregnatio fundica Fundal pregnancy Fundal pregnancy
117 Pregnatio corporalis Uterine body pregnancy Uterine body pregnancy
118 Pregnatio cervicalis Cervical pregnancy Cervical pregnancy Endnote 11
119 Placenta previa Placenta praevia Placenta previa

120 GRAVIDITAS GRAVIDITY GRAVIDITY
121 Nulligraviditas Nulligravidity Nulligravidity
122 Nulligravida Nulligravida Nulligravida
123 Primigraviditas Primigravidity Primigravidity
124 Primigravida Primigravida Primigravida
125 Multigraviditas Multigravidity Multigravidity
126 Multigravida Multigravida Multigravida
127 NUMERUS CONCEPTUUM NUMBER OF CONCEPTUSES NUMBER OF CONCEPTUSES

128 Pregnatio singularis Single pregnancy Single pregnancy
129 Cyema singulare Singleton Singleton Single cyema
130 Pregnatio duplex Twin pregnancy Twin pregnancy
131 Geminus Twin Twin
132 Geminus dizygoticus Dizygotic twin Dizygotic twin
133 Geminus monozygoticus Monozygotic twin Monozygotic twin
134 Geminus monozygoticus Dichorial di-amniotic Dichorial diamniotic
dichorionicus diamnioticus monozygotic twin monozygotic twin
135 Geminus monochorionicus Monochorial di-amniotic twin Monochorial diamniotic twin
diamnioticus
136 Geminus monochorionicus Monochorial mono-amniotic Monochorial monoamniotic
monoamnioticus twin twin
137 Pregnatio multiplex Multiple pregnancy Multiple pregnancy
138 Trigeminus Triplet Triplet
139 Quadrigeminus Quadruplet Quadruplet
140 Plurigeminus polyzygoticus Polyzygotic fetus Polyzygotic fetus
141 Pseudopregnatio Pseudocyesis Pseudopregnancy Pseudopregnancy False pregnancy
142 TERMINATIO TERMINATION TERMINATION

143 Abortio Abortion Abortion
144 Abortus Abortus Abortus
145 Abortio voluntaria Abortio therapeutica Elective abortion Elective abortion Therapeutic abortion
146 Abortio spontanea Spontaneous abortion Spontaneous abortion
147 Abortio omissa Missed abortion Missed abortion
148 PARTUS BIRTH BIRTH

149 Partus prematurus Premature birth Premature birth
150 Partus maturus Full term birth Full term birth
151 Partus postmaturus Postmature birth Postmature birth
152 Infans Infant Infant
153 Infans prematurus Premature infant Premature infant
154 Infans maturus Mature infant Mature infant
155 Infans postmaturus Postmature infant Postmature infant
156 Neonatus Newborn Newborn Neonate
157 Tempus postnatale Postnatal period Postnatal period Postpartum period
158 Puerperium Puerperium Puerperium

159 Involutio Involution Involution
160 Mensurae embryonicae et Embryonic and fetal Embryonic and fetal Endnote 12
fetales measurements measurements
161 Aetas a fecundatione Fertilization age Fertilization age Endnote 13
162 Aetas ab ovulatione Ovulation age Ovulation age Endnote 14
163 Aetas ab inseminatione Insemination age Insemination age Endnote 15
164 Hebdomades post coitum Coital weeks Coital weeks Endnote 16
165 Hebdomades post menses ultimas Menstrual weeks Menstrual weeks Endnote 17
166 Longitudo corona calx Crown-heel length Crownheel length CHL; Total length; Standing height
167 Longitudo maxima Greatest length Greatest length GL Endnote 18
168 Longitudo corona nates Crown-rump length Crownrump length CRL; Sitting height
169 Longitudo cervix nates Neck-rump length Neckrump length
170 Longitudo ossis femoris ossificati Ossified femur length Ossified femur length
171 Longitudo pedis Foot length Foot length FL
172 Diameter biparietalis Biparietal diameter Biparietal diameter
173 Diameter cavitatis amnioticae Amniotic cavity diameter Amniotic cavity diameter
174 Diameter cavitatis chorionicae Chorionic cavity diameter Chorionic cavity diameter
175 Diameter vesiculae umbilicalis Diameter sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle diameter Umbilical vesicle diameter Yolk sac diameter
176 Circumferentia abdominis Abdominal circumference Abdominal circumference
177 Circumferentia capitis Head circumference Head circumference
178 Pondus corporis Body weight Body weight
179 Pondus encephali Brain weight Brain weight
180 Pondus placentae Placental weight Placental weight
181 Anomaliae reproductionis Reproductive anomalies Reproductive anomalies

182 Infertilitas Infertility Infertility
183 Sterilitas Sterility Sterility
184 Pregnatio anembryonica Anembryonic pregnancy Anembryonic pregnancy
185 Mors prenatalis Prenatal death Prenatal death
186 Partus mortuus Stillbirth Stillbirth
187 Fetus natus mortuus Stillborn fetus Stillborn fetus
188 Abortio Abortion Abortion
189 Abortio imminens Threatened abortion Threatened abortion
190 Resorptio Resorption Resorption
191 Retentio Retention Retention
192 Retentio cum calcificatione Retention with calcification Retention with calcification
193 Retentio cum compressione Retention with compression Retention with compression
194 Retentio cum mummificatione Retention with mummification Retention with mummification
195 ANOMALIAE IMPLANTATIONIS IMPLANTATION ANOMALIES IMPLANTATION ANOMALIES

196 Implantatio corrupta Defective implantation Defective implantation
197 Implantatio ectopica Ectopic implantation Ectopic implantation
198 Pregnatio ectopica Ectopic pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy Endnote 11
199 Pregnatio extrauterina Extra-uterine pregnancy Extrauterine pregnancy Endnote 11
200 Pregnatio abdominalis Abdominal pregnancy Abdominal pregnancy

201 Pregnatio abdominalis Primary abdominal Primary abdominal
primaria pregnancy pregnancy
202 Pregnatio abdominalis Secondary abdominal Secondary abdominal
secundaria pregnancy pregnancy
203 Pregnatio ovarica Ovarian pregnancy Ovarian pregnancy
204 Pregnatio tubalis Tubal pregnancy Tubal pregnancy
205 Pregnatio tubalis Infundibular tubal pregnancy Infundibular tubal pregnancy
infundibularis
206 Pregnatio tubalis ampullaris Ampullary tubal pregnancy Ampullary tubal pregnancy
207 Pregnatio tubalis isthmicaris Isthmic tubal pregnancy Isthmic tubal pregnancy
208 Pregnatio tubalis partis Intramural tubal pregnancy Intramural tubal pregnancy Interstitial tubal pregnancy
uterinae
209 ANOMALIAE EMBRYONIS EMBRYONIC ANOMALIES EMBRYONIC ANOMALIES

210 Situs inversus Transpositio viscerum Transposition of viscera Transposition of viscera
211 Situs inversus totalis Total situs inversus Total situs inversus
212 Situs inversus partialis Partial situs inversus Partial situs inversus See below, under Organogenesis
213 ANOMALIAE FETALES FETAL ANOMALIES FETAL ANOMALIES

214 Fetus amorphicus Amorphic fetus Amorphic fetus
215 Fetus calcificatus Calcified fetus Calcified fetus
216 Fetus papyraceus Fetus papyraceus Fetus papyraceus
217 Geminus acardiacus Acardiac twin Acardiac twin
218 Absentia totalis cordis Total absence of heart Total absence of heart
219 Absentia subtotalis cordis Subtotal absence of heart Subtotal absence of heart
220 Gemini conjuncti Conjoined twins Conjoined twins Endnote 19
221 Gemini symmetrici Symmetrical twins Symmetrical twins
222 Conjunctio ventralis Ventral conjunction Ventral conjunction
223 Conjunctio ventralis rostralis Rostral ventral conjunction Rostral ventral conjunction
224 Omphalopagia Omphalopagy Omphalopagy
225 Thoracopagia Thoracopagy Thoracopagy
226 Cephalopagia Cephalopagy Cephalopagy
227 Conjunctio ventralis caudalis Caudal ventral conjunction Caudal ventral conjunction
228 Ischiopagia Ischiopagy Ischiopagy
229 Conjunctio ventralis lateralis Lateral ventral conjunction Lateral ventral conjunction
230 Parapagia Parapagy Parapagy
231 Conjunctio dorsalis Dorsal conjunction Dorsal conjunction
232 Craniopagia Craniopagy Craniopagy
233 Rachipagia Rachipagy Rachipagy
234 Pygopagia Pygopagy Pygopagy
235 Gemini asymmetrici Asymmetrical twins Asymmetrical twins
236 Inclusio Inclusion Inclusion
237 Hospes Host Host
238 Parasitus Parasite Parasite
239 Junctio superior Superior junction Superior junction

240 Junctio superior cranialis Cranial parasite Cranial parasite
parasitica
241 Junctio superior mandibularis Mandibular parasite Mandibular parasite
parasitica
242 Junctio media Middle junction Middle junction
243 Junctio media Thoraco-epigastric parasite Thoracoepigastric parasite
thoracoepigastrica parasitica
244 Junctio media abdominalis Abdominal parasite Abdominal parasite
parasitica
245 Junctio inferior Inferior junction Inferior junction
246 Junctio inferior pygalis Buttocks parasite Buttocks parasite
parasitica
247 Gigantismus Gigantism Gigantism
248 Nanismus Dwarfism Dwarfism
249 Achondroplasia Achondroplasia Achondroplasia
250 Ateliosis Ateliosis Ateliosis
251 Cretinismus Cretinism Cretinism
252 Gametogenesis Gametogenesis Gametogenesis

253 NOMINA GENERALIA GENERAL TERMS GENERAL TERMS
254 Interphasis Interphase Interphase
255 Phasis G I Intervallum postmitoticum G1 phase G1 phase Postmitotic interval; First gap
256 Phasis G0 G0 phase G0 phase Resting phase
257 Phasis S Phasis synthetica S phase S phase Synthesis phase
258 Phasis G II Intervallum premitoticum G2 phase G2 phase Premitotic interval; Second gap
259 Mitosis Phasis M Mitosis Mitosis M phase
260 Prophasis Prophase Prophase
261 Prometaphasis Prometaphase Prometaphase
262 Metaphasis Metaphase Metaphase
263 Anaphasis Anaphase Anaphase
264 Telophasis Telophase Telophase
265 Meiosis Meiosis Meiosis
266 Meiosis I Meiosis I Meiosis I
267 Prophasis I Prophase I Prophase I See Terminologica Histologica
268 Phasis leptotaeniae Phasis leptonemalis Leptotene Leptotene
269 Phasis zygotaeniae Phasis zygonemalis Zygotene Zygotene
270 Phasis pachytaeniae Phasis pachynemalis Pachytene Pachytene
271 Phasis diplotaeniae Phasis diplonemalis Diplotene Diplotene
272 Diakinesis Diakinesis Diakinesis
273 Chromosoma bivalens Bivalent chromosome Bivalent chromosome
274 Prometaphasis I Prometaphase I Prometaphase I
275 Metaphasis I Metaphase I Metaphase I
276 Anaphasis I Anaphase I Anaphase I
277 Telophasis I Telophase I Telophase I
278 Meiosis II Meiosis II Meiosis II
279 Prometaphasis II Prometaphase II Prometaphase II

280 Metaphasis II Metaphase II Metaphase II
281 Anaphasis II Anaphase II Anaphase II
282 Telophasis II Telophase II Telophase II
283 Chromosoma univalens Univalent chromosome Univalent chromosome
284 Status ploideus Ploidy Ploidy
285 Status euploideus Euploidy Euploidy
286 Status diploideus Diploidy Diploidy
287 Status haploideus Haploidy Haploidy
288 Complementum chromosomatum Chromosome complement Chromosome complement
289 1N 1N 1N
290 2N 2N 2N
291 4N 4N 4N
292 Complementum chromatidiorum Chromatid complement Chromatid complement
293 1C 1C 1C
294 2C 2C 2C
295 4C 4C 4C
296 SEQUENTIA GAMETOGENESIS GAMETOGENETIC SEQUENCE GAMETOGENETIC SEQUENCE

297 Genum a parente impressum Parental gene imprinting Parental gene imprinting Genome imprinting; Genetic Endnote 20
imprinting
298 Cellula germinalis precursoria Primordial germ cell Primordial germ cell Diploid (2N, 2C)
299 Mitosis Mitosis Mitosis
300 Gametogonium Gametogonium Gametogonium Diploid (2N, 2C)
301 Gametogonium in phasi G2 Gametogonium in G2 phase Gametogonium in G2 phase Diploid (2N, 4C)
302 Mitosis Mitosis Mitosis
303 Gametocytus primarius Primary gametocyte Primary gametocyte Diploid (2N, 4C)
304 Erasio impressionis parentalis Erasure of previous parental Erasure of previous parental
prioris imprinting imprinting
306 Gametocytus secundarius Secondary gametocyte Secondary gametocyte Haploid (1N, 2C)
307 Interkinesis Interkinesis Interkinesis
308 Meiosis II Meiosis II Meiosis II
309 Impressio parentalis nova New parental imprinting New parental imprinting
310 Gametus Gonocytus Gamete Gamete Germ cell Haploid (1N, 1C)
311 Chromosoma univalens Univalent chromosome Univalent chromosome
312 Autosoma Autosome Autosome
313 Chromosoma sexuale Gonosoma Sex chromosome Sex chromosome
314 Chromosoma X Gonosoma femininum X chromosome X chromosome
315 Inactivatio chromosomatis X Inactivatio gonosomatis feminini X chromosome inactivation X chromosome inactivation
316 Chromosoma Y Gonosoma masculinum Y chromosome Y chromosome
317 OOGENESIS OOGENESIS OOGENESIS

318 Folliculus ovaricus primordialis Primordial ovarian follicle Primordial ovarian follicle
319 Folliculus ovaricus primarius Primary ovarian follicle Primary ovarian follicle
320 Folliculus ovaricus secundarius Secondary ovarian follicle Secondary ovarian follicle

321 Folliculus ovaricus tertiarius Tertiary ovarian follicle Tertiary ovarian follicle §Graaf§
322 Cyclus oogeneticus Oogenetic cycle Oogenetic cycle
323 Oogonium Oogonium Oogonium Diploid (2N, 2C)
324 Oogonium in phasi G2 Oogonium in G2 phase Oogonium in G2 phase Diploid (2N, 4C)
325 Oocytus primarius Primary oocyte Primary oocyte Diploid (2N, 4C)
326 Polus animalis Polus embryonicus presumptivus Animal pole Animal pole Presumptive embryonic pole Endnote 21
327 Polus vegetalis Vegetal pole Vegetal pole
328 Corpus polare primum First polar body First polar body First polocyte Haploid (1N, 2C)
329 Oocytus secundarius Gametus femininus Secondary oocyte Secondary oocyte Female gamete Haploid (1N, 2C)
330 Genum a matre impressum Maternally imprinted gene Maternally imprinted gene
331 Genum cum effectibus Maternal effect gene Maternal effect gene
maternis
332 Genum extrachromosomale Extrachromosomal gene Extrachromosomal gene
333 Genum mitochondriale Mitochondrial gene Mitochondrial gene
334 Oocytus secundarius Secondary oocyte arrested in Secondary oocyte arrested in Haploid (1N, 2C)
repressus in Metaphasi II Metaphase II Metaphase II
335 Polus animalis Polus embryonicus presumptivus Animal pole Animal pole Presumptive embryonic pole
336 Polus vegetalis Vegetal pole Vegetal pole
337 PELLUCIDAGENESIS Zonagenesis ZONA PELLUCIDA FORMATION ZONA PELLUCIDA FORMATION Endnote 22
338 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple cuboidal epithelium of Simple cuboidal epithelium of
folliculi ovarici ovarian follicle ovarian follicle
339 Oocytus primarius Primary oocyte Primary oocyte Diploid (2N, 4C)
340 Zona pellucida Zona pellucida Zona pellucida
341 Processus cellulae epithelialis Process of cuboidal epithelial Process of cuboidal epithelial
follicularis cuboidalis follicular cell follicular cell
342 Processus oocyti Process of oocyte Process of oocyte
343 Proteina zonae pellucidae I - III Zona pellucida proteins 1-3 Zona pellucida proteins 1-3 ZP 1-3
344 SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMATOGENESIS Spermatogeny

345 Unda spermatogenetica Unda epithelii spermatogenici Spermatogenic wave Spermatogenic wave Wave of spermatogenic epithelium
346 Cyclus spermatogeneticus Cyclus epithelii spermatogenici Spermatogenic cycle Spermatogenic cycle Cycle of spermatogenic epithelium
347 Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Diploid (2N, 2C)
See Terminologia Histologica
348 Spermatogonium in phasi G 2 Spermatogonium in G 2 phase Spermatogonium in G 2 phase Diploid (2N, 4C)
349 Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocytogenesis
350 Spermatocytus primarius Primary spermatocyte Primary spermatocyte Diploid (2N, 4C)
351 Spermatocytus secundarius Secondary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Haploid (1N, 2C)
352 Spermatidium Spermatid Spermatid Haploid (1N, 1C)
353 Spermiatio Disjunctio ab sustentatocyto Spermiation Spermiation Detachment from sustentacular
cell
354 Spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis See Terminologia Histologica
355 Spermatozoon Spermium; Gametus masculinus Sperm Sperm Sperm cell; Male gamete Haploid (1N, 1C)
356 Genum a patre impressum Paternally imprinted gene Paternally imprinted gene

357 Genum cum effectibus Paternal effect gene Paternal effect gene
paternis
358 Capacitatio Capacitation Capacitation
359 ANOMALIAE ANOMALIES OF ANOMALIES OF

GAMETOGENETICAE GAMETOGENESIS GAMETOGENESIS
360 Nondisjunctio Nondisjunction Nondisjunction
361 Fertilisatio Fertilization Fertilization

362 PHASES FERTILISATIONIS FERTILIZATION PHASES FERTILIZATION PHASES
363 Fertilisatio ante penetrationem Phasis longinquus Fertilization before sperm Fertilization before sperm
spermatozoi penetration penetration
364 Phasis longinquus Distant phase Distant phase
365 Rheotaxis Rheotaxis Rheotaxis
366 Chemotaxis Chemotaxis Chemotaxis
367 Capacitatio Capacitation Capacitation
368 Phasis contactus Contact phase Contact phase
369 Fertilisatio post penetrationem Fertilization after sperm Fertilization after sperm
spermatozoi penetration penetration
370 Via spermatica Iter spermaticum Sperm track Sperm track
371 Corona radiata Corona radiata Corona radiata
372 Via per coronam radiatam Coronal penetration track Coronal penetration track
374 Membrana fertilisationis Fertilization membrane Fertilization membrane
375 Contactum spermatozoi Sperm-zona contact Sperm zona contact
capacitati cum zona pellucida
376 Via per zonam pellucidam Via penetrationis Pellucidal penetration track Pellucidal penetration track
377 Reactio acrosomalis Acrosome reaction Acrosome reaction
378 Spatium subzonale Spatium subcapsulare Subzonal space Subzonal space Subcapsular space
379 Coagmentatio gametorum Binding of gametes Binding of gametes

Caput II: EMBRYOGENESIS Chapter 2: EMBRYOGENESIS
380 Embryogenesis Embryogenesis Embryogenesis Embryogeny
381 Processus embryonici Embryonic processes Embryonic processes
382 FISSIO CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE
383 Fissio totalis Total cleavage Total cleavage
384 Fissio aequalis Equal cleavage Equal cleavage
385 Fissio indeterminata Indeterminate cleavage Indeterminate cleavage
386 Fissio determinata Determinate cleavage Determinate cleavage
387 Planum fissionis Cleavage plane Cleavage plane
388 Planum aequatoriale Equatorial plane Equatorial plane
389 Planum latitudinale Latitudinal plane Latitudinal plane
390 Planum meridionale Meridional plane Meridional plane
391 Nucleus fissionis Cleavage nucleus Cleavage nucleus
392 REGULATIO REGULATION REGULATION Endnote 23
393 FORMATIO TYPORUM PATTERN FORMATION PATTERN FORMATION

394 Cognitio loci Positional information Positional information
395 Indicium a loco Positional value Positional value
396 Confector morphogeneticus Morphogen Morphogen
397 Clivus densitatis Concentration gradient Concentration gradient
398 Limen clivi Gradient boundary Gradient boundary
399 Limen densitatis Concentration threshold Concentration threshold
400 COMPACTIO COMPACTION COMPACTION

401 Differentiatio cellularum in zygoto Differentiation of cells of cleaving Differentiation of cells of cleaving Outside-inside differentiation; Endnote 24
findenti zygote zygote Outside inside differentiation
402 Polarisatio cellularum Polarization of outer cells Polarization of outer cells Endnote 25
externarum
403 Divisio conservativa Conservative division Conservative division
404 Divisio differentiativa Differentiative division Differentiative division
405 Divisio differentiativa Divisio differentiativa massae Differentiative division of Differentiative division of Endnote 26
embryoblasti cellularis internae; Divisio embryoblast embryoblast
differentiativa pluriblasti
406 INDUCTIO ET INTERACTIO INDUCTION AND INTERACTION INDUCTION AND INTERACTION

407 Inductor Inducer Inducer
408 Signum Signal Signal
409 Indicium rectionis Guidance cue Guidance cue
410 Chemotropismus Chemotropism Chemotropism Chemotaxis
411 Rectio per contactum Contact guidance Contact guidance
412 Indicium per ambitum Environmental cue Environmental cue
413 Signum pheromonale Pheromone signal Pheromone signal

414 Signum intracrinum Intracrine signal Intracrine signal
415 Indicium autocellulare Autocellular cue Autocellular cue
416 Signum autocrinum Autocrine signal Autocrine signal
417 Indicium intercellulare Intercellular cue Intercellular cue
418 Signum juxtacrinum Juxtacrine signal Juxtacrine signal
419 Signum paracrinum Paracrine signal Paracrine signal
420 Signum endocrinum Endocrine signal Endocrine signal
421 Signum neurocrinum Neurocrine signal Neurocrine signal
422 Textus reagens Reacting tissue Reacting tissue Responding tissue
423 Cellula reagens Reacting cell Reacting cell Receiving cell; Responding cell
424 Transductio significationis Signal transduction Signal transduction
425 Mediatio Mediation Mediation
426 Mediatio a moleculis diffusibilibus Mediation by diffusible molecules Mediation by diffusible molecules
427 Mediatio a contactu Cell-matrix contact mediation Cell matrix contact mediation
cellulomatricale
428 Mediatio a contactu cellulocellare Cell-cell contact mediation Cell cell contact mediation
429 Mediatio a superficie ad Cell surface to cell surface Cell surface to cell surface
superficiem mediation mediation
430 Mediatio a junctionibus Adhering junction mediation Adhering junction mediation
adhaesionis
431 Mediatio a junctione Tight junction mediation Tight junction mediation
occludente
432 Mediatio a zonula Adhesive belt mediation Adhesive belt mediation
adhaerente
433 Mediatio a fascia adhaerente Adhesive strip mediation Adhesive strip mediation
434 Mediatio a macula Desmosome mediation Desmosome mediation
adhaerente
435 Mediatio a Hemidesmosome mediation Hemidesmosome mediation
hemidesmosomate
436 Mediatio a junctione Intercellular junction mediation Intercellular junction mediation
intercellulare
437 Mediatio a macula Gap junction mediation Gap junction mediation
communicante
438 Competentia Competence Competence
439 Factor competentiae Competency factor Competency factor
440 Interactio Interaction Interaction
441 Interactio epithelioepithelialis Epithelio-epithelial interaction Epithelioepithelial interaction
442 Interactio epitheliomesenchymalis Epitheliomesenchymal Epitheliomesenchymal
interaction interaction
443 Interactio instructiva Instructive interaction Instructive interaction
444 Interactio permissiva Permissive interaction Permissive interaction
445 Interactio reciproca Inductio reciproca Reciprocal interaction Reciprocal interaction Reciprocal induction
446 Interactio supprimens Suppressive interaction Suppressive interaction
447 Interactio reprimens Repressive interaction Repressive interaction
448 Moleculae signantes Signalling molecules Signalling molecules
449 Factor crescentiae Growth factor Growth factor
450 Factor extracellularis Extracellular factor Extracellular factor

451 Factor neurotransmittens Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter
452 Hormonum Hormone Hormone
453 Tullius significationum Signal transduction cascade Signal transduction cascade
transductionis
454 Cellula inducens Inducing cell Inducing cell Sending cell
455 Molecula signans Signalling molecule Signalling molecule
456 Matrix extracellularis Extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix
457 Cellula reagens Reacting cell Reacting cell Receiving cell; Responding cell
458 Receptor superficiei membranae Surface membrane receptor Surface membrane receptor
459 Proteinum transducens signum Signal transduction protein Signal transduction protein
460 Nucleus Nucleus Nucleus
461 Acidum desoxyribonucleare Deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
462 Transcriptio corrupta Altered transcription Altered transcription
463 Translatio corrupta Altered translation Altered translation
464 Frux geni nova New gene product New gene product
465 MORPHOGENESIS MORPHOGENESIS MORPHOGENESIS Endnote 27

467 Blastema Blastema Blastema Endnote 28
468 Primordium Primordium Primordium Anlage Endnote 29
469 Rudimentum Rudiment Rudiment Endnote 30
470 Status presumptivus Presumptive state Presumptive state Endnote 31
471 Vestigium Vestige Vestige Endnote 32
472 Phenomena morphogenetica Morphogenetic phenomena Morphogenetic phenomena

473 Adhaesio Adhesion Adhesion
474 Appropinquatio Approximation Approximation
475 Bifurcatio Bifurcation Bifurcation
476 Canalisatio Canalization Canalization
477 Cavitatio Cavitation Cavitation
478 Coalescentia Coalescence Coalescence
479 Compactio Compaction Compaction
480 Condensatio Condensation Condensation
481 Congrutio Pairing Pairing
482 Conjunctio Fusion Fusion
483 Conservatio Conservation Conservation
484 Convergentia Convergence Convergence
485 Corrosio Corrosion Corrosion
486 Crescentia Growth Growth
487 Crescentia accretionalis Accretional growth Accretional growth
488 Crescentia appositionalis Appositional growth Appositional growth
489 Crescentia auxetica Hypertrophia Auxetic growth Auxetic growth Hypertrophy
490 Crescentia compensatoria Compensatory growth Compensatory growth
491 Crescentia differentialis Differential growth Differential growth
492 Crescentia interstitialis Interstitial growth Interstitial growth
493 Crescentia multiplicativa Hyperplasia Multiplicative growth Multiplicative growth Hyperplasia

494 Cytogenesis Cytogenesis Cytogenesis Cytogeny
495 Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Cytokinesis
496 Deminutio Diminution Diminution
497 Delaminatio Delamination Delamination
498 Differentiatio Differentiation Differentiation
499 Determinatio Determination Determination
500 Differentiatio chemica Chemodifferentiation Chemodifferentiation
501 Differentiatio cellularis Cytodifferentiation Cytodifferentiation
502 Differentiatio textuum Histodifferentiation Histodifferentiation
503 Differentiatio functionalis Functional differentiation Functional differentiation
504 Differentiatio ordinata Directed differentiation Directed differentiation
505 Dilatatio Dilation Dilation
506 Dispositio Arrangement Arrangement
507 Divergentia Divergence Divergence
508 Elongatio Elongation Elongation
509 Emanatio Emergence Emergence
510 Exstinctio Elimination Elimination
511 Extensio Elongation Elongation Extension
512 Expansio Expansion Expansion
513 Fatum presumptivum Prospective fate Prospective fate Presumptive fate
514 Fissio Cleavage Cleavage
515 Formatio ansae Loop formation Loop formation Endnote 33
516 Formatio primaria corporis Primary body development Primary body development Endnote 34
517 Formatio secundaria corporis Secondary body development Secondary body development Endnote 35
518 Gastrulatio Gastrulation Gastrulation Endnote 36
519 Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogeny
520 Incrementum Growth Growth See Crescentia
521 Ingressio Ingression Ingression
522 Inhibitio lateralis Lateral inhibition Lateral inhibition
523 Impedimentum Constraint Constraint Limitation
524 Inflatio Ballooning Ballooning Endnote 37
525 Interactio Interaction Interaction
526 Interactio epitheliomesenchymalis Epitheliomesenchymal Epitheliomesenchymal
interaction interaction
527 Interactio mesenchymoepithelialis Mesenchymo-epithelial Mesenchymoepithelial interaction
interaction
528 Intussusceptio Intussusception Intussusception
529 Invaginatio Invagination Invagination
530 Invasio Invasion Invasion
531 Invectio Recruitment Recruitment Endnote 38
532 Laxatio Loosening Loosening
533 Maturatio Maturation Maturation Endnote 39
534 Migratio interkinetica nuclei Interkinetic nuclear migration Interkinetic nuclear migration
535 Mitosis proliferativa Proliferative mitosis Proliferative mitosis
536 Mitosis quantalis Quantal mitosis Quantal mitosis
537 Optio binaria Binary choice Binary choice

538 Morphogenesis Morphogenesis Morphogenesis
539 Morphogenesis gemmans Budding morphogenesis Budding morphogenesis Endnote 40
540 Morphogenesis ramificans Branching morphogenesis Branching morphogenesis Endnote 41
541 Morphogenesis findens Clefting morphogenesis Clefting morphogenesis Endnote 42
542 Mors cellulae programmata Programmed cell death Programmed cell death
543 Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis
544 Autophagocytosis Autophagy Autophagy
545 Autoschisis Autoschizis Autoschizis
546 Chondroptosis Chondroptosis Chondroptosis
547 Paraptosis Paraptosis Paraptosis
548 Motus Movements Movements
549 Motus biokineticus Biokinetic movement Biokinetic movement
550 Motus condensationis Motus densationis Condensation movement Condensation movement Densation movement Endnote 43
551 Motus compressionis Motus concursionis Longitudinal compression Longitudinal compression Contusional movement
longitudinalis movement movement
552 Motus dilatationis Dilation movement Dilation movement Endnote 44
553 Motus expansionis Motus distusionalis Elongation movement Elongation movement Distusional movement Endnote 45
longitudinalis
554 Motus involutionis Involutio Involutionary movement Involutionary movement Involution Endnote 46
555 Motus morphogenetici Morphogenetic movements Morphogenetic movements
556 Motus epibolicus Epiboly Epiboly Spreading
557 Motus embolicus Emboly Emboly Ingression
558 Motus convergens Convergence Convergence
559 Motus extendens Extension Extension
560 Motus extensionis convergentis Convergent extension Convergent extension
561 Motus translationis Migratio Changing positional relationship Changing positional relationship Migration Endnote 47
562 Migratio vera True migration True migration
563 Migratio ficta False migration False migration
564 Motus relativus Relative movement Relative movement
565 Motus ascensionis Relative ascent Relative ascent
566 Motus descensionis Relative descent Relative descent
567 Neurulatio Neurulation Neurulation
568 Neurulatio primaria Primary neurulation Primary neurulation Endnote 48
569 Neurulatio secundaria Secondary neurulation Secondary neurulation Endnote 49
570 Organogenesis Organogenesis Organogenesis Organogeny
571 Phenomenon campi Field phenomenon Field phenomenon
572 Campus morphogeneticus Campus biodynamicus Morphogenetic field Morphogenetic field Biodynamic field
573 Plicatio Folding Folding
574 Polarisatio Polarization Polarization
575 Polaritas planaris cellulae Polaritas cellularis planaris Planar cell polarity Planar cell polarity
576 Ramificatio Branching Branching
577 Reconstitutio Reconstitution Reconstitution
578 Regressio Regression Regression
579 Reorganisatio Reorganization Reorganization
580 Resegmentatio Resegmentation Resegmentation
581 Resorptio Resorption Resorption

582 Restrictio Restriction Restriction
583 Retractio Retraction Retraction
584 Segmentatio Metamerismus Segmentation Segmentation Metamerism
585 Situs Position Position
586 Situs solitus viscerum Normal position of viscera Normal position of viscera
587 Specificatio Specification Specification
588 Transitio Transition Transition
589 Transitio epitheliomesenchymalis Epitheliomesenchymal transition Epitheliomesenchymal transition Endnote 50
590 Transitio mesenchymoepithelialis Mesenchymo-epithelial transition Mesenchymoepithelial transition Endnote 51
591 Tubulatio Tubulation Tubulation
592 Vesiculatio Vesiculation Vesiculation

Caput III: ONTOGENESIS Chapter 3: ONTOGENESIS
593 Ontogenesis Ontogeny Ontogeny Endnote 52
594 Tempora ontogenetica Ontogenetic periods Ontogenetic periods
596 TEMPUS EMBRYONICUM EMBRYONIC PERIOD EMBRYONIC PERIOD
597 Embryo gradus I Stage 1 embryo Stage 1 embryo St. 1
598 Embryo gradus Ia Stage 1a embryo Stage 1a embryo St.1a
599 Embryo gradus Ib Stage 1b embryo Stage 1b embryo St. 1b
600 Embryo gradus Ic Stage 1c embryo Stage 1c embryo St. 1c
601 Embryo gradus II Stage 2 embryo Stage 2 embryo St. 2
602 Embryo gradus III Stage 3 embryo Stage 3 embryo St. 3
603 Embryo gradus IV Stage 4 embryo Stage 4 embryo St. 4
604 Embryo gradus V Stage 5 embryo Stage 5 embryo St. 5
605 Embryo gradus Va Stage 5a embryo Stage 5a embryo St. 5a
606 Embryo gradus Vb Stage 5b embryo Stage 5b embryo St. 5b
607 Embryo gradus Vc Stage 5c embryo Stage 5c embryo St. 5c
608 Embryo gradus VI Stage 6 embryo Stage 6 embryo St. 6
609 Embryo gradus VIa Stage 6a embryo Stage 6a embryo St. 6a
610 Embryo gradus Vib Stage 6b embryo Stage 6b embryo St. 6b
611 Embryo gradus VII Stage 7 embryo Stage 7 embryo St. 7
612 Embryo gradus VIII Stage 8 embryo Stage 8 embryo St. 8
613 Embryo gradus VIIIa Stage 8a embryo Stage 8a embryo St. 8a
614 Embryo gradus VIIIb Stage 8b embryo Stage 8b embryo St. 8b
615 Embryo gradus IX Embryo cum somitis I ad III Stage 9 embryo Stage 9 embryo St. 9; 1-3 somite embryo
616 Embryo gradus X Embryo cum somitis IV ad XII Stage 10 embryo Stage 10 embryo St. 10; 4-12 somite embryo
617 Embryo gradus XI Embryo cum somitis XIII ad XX Stage 11 embryo Stage 11 embryo St. 11; 13-20 somite embryo
618 Embryo gradus XII Embryo cum somitis XXI ad XXIX Stage 12 embryo Stage 12 embryo St. 12; 21-29 somite embryo
619 Embryo gradus XIII Embryo cum somitis XXX+ Stage 13 embryo Stage 13 embryo St. 13; 30+ somite embryo
620 Embryo gradus XIV Stage 14 embryo Stage 14 embryo St. 14
621 Embryo gradus XV Stage 15 embryo Stage 15 embryo St. 15
622 Embryo gradus XVI Stage 16 embryo Stage 16 embryo St. 16
623 Embryo gradus XVII Stage 17 embryo Stage 17 embryo St. 17
624 Embryo gradus XVIII Stage 18 embryo Stage 18 embryo St. 18
625 Embryo gradus XIX Stage 19 embryo Stage 19 embryo St. 19
626 Embryo gradus XX Stage 20 embryo Stage 20 embryo St. 20
627 Embryo gradus XXI Stage 21 embryo Stage 21 embryo St. 21
628 Embryo gradus XXII Stage 22 embryo Stage 22 embryo St. 22
629 Embryo gradus XXIII Stage 23 embryo Stage 23 embryo St. 23
630 TEMPUS FETALE FETAL PERIOD FETAL PERIOD Endnote 53

631 Fetogenesis Fetogenesis Fetogenesis
632 Fetus Fetus Fetus
633 Aetas fetalis Fetal age Fetal age Endnote 54

634 Tempus fetale initiale Fetus hebdomadis nonae ad Early fetal period Early fetal period Ninth to thirteenth week fetus Endnote 55
hebdomadem tertiam decimam
635 Tempus fetale intermedium Fetus trimestri secundi Intermediate fetal period Intermediate fetal period Second trimester fetus Endnote 56
636 Tempus fetale serum Fetus trimestri tertii Late fetal period Late fetal period Third trimester fetus Endnote 57
637 Ontogenesis postnatalis Postnatal ontogeny Postnatal ontogeny

638 TEMPUS NATALE BIRTH PERIOD BIRTH PERIOD
639 Tempus perinatale Perinatal period Perinatal period Endnote 58
640 Infantia Infancy Infancy
641 Tempus postnatale Postnatal period Postnatal period Postpartum period
642 Tempus neonatale Neonatal period Neonatal period Endnote 59
643 Tempus neonatale initiale Early neonatal period Early neonatal period
644 Tempus neonatale serum Later neonatal period Later neonatal period
645 TEMPORA SERIORA LATER PERIODS LATER PERIODS
646 Pueritia Childhood Childhood
647 Phasis prima pueritiae Early childhood Early childhood
648 Phasis secunda pueritiae Later childhood Later childhood
649 Acceleratio prepubertalis Prepubertal growth spurt Prepubertal growth spurt
crescentiae
650 Neotenia Neoteny Neoteny Endnote 60
651 Pedomorphosis Pedomorphosis Pedomorphosis Endnote 61
652 Pubertas Puberty Puberty
653 Adolescentia Adolescence Adolescence
654 Acceleratio crescentiae Adolescent growth spurt Adolescent growth spurt
adolescentiae
655 Aetas adulta Adulthood Adulthood
656 Juvenilitas Young adulthood Young adulthood
657 Maturitas Middle age Middle age
658 Senectus Old age Old age
659 Senescentia Senescence Senescence
660 Ordo ontogeneticus Ontogenetic sequence Ontogenetic sequence

662 FERTILISATIO POST FERTILIZATION FROM SPERM FERTILIZATION FROM SPERM Endnote 62
PENETRATIONEM PENETRATION PENETRATION
SPERMATOZOI
663 Nomina et processus Terms and processes Terms and processes
664 Monospermia Monospermy Monospermy
665 Dispermia Dispermy Dispermy
666 Polyspermia Polyspermy Polyspermy
668 Blastogenesis Blastogenesis Blastogenesis
669 Spermatozoon Sperm Sperm
670 Plasmalemma spermatozoi Plasmalemma of sperm Plasmalemma of sperm
671 Oocytus Oocyte Oocyte
672 Plasmalemma oocyti Plasmalemma of oocyte Plasmalemma of oocyte

673 Conjunctio inter plasmalemmata Sperm-oocyte plasma membrane Sperm oocyte plasma membrane
spermatozoi et oocyti fusion fusion
674 Ingressio spermatozoi Sperm entry Sperm entry
675 Determinatio sexus genetici Determination of genetic sex Determination of genetic sex
676 Aditus natrii ionici in oocytum Sodium ion inflow into oocyte Sodium ion inflow into oocyte
677 Obsidio subita polyspermiae Fast polyspermy block Fast polyspermy block
678 Propagatio undae calcii Calcium wave spread Calcium wave spread
679 Synkaryon Synkaryon Synkaryon
680 Fertilisatio in vitro In vitro fertilization In vitro fertilization
681 Activatio oocyti Activation of oocyte Activation of oocyte

682 Peractio divisionis meioticae Completion of second meiotic Completion of second meiotic
secundae division division
683 Pronucleus femininus Pronucleus maternus Female pronucleus Female pronucleus Maternal pronucleus Haploid (1N, 1C)
684 Ootidium Ovum; Embryo pronuclearis Ootid Ootid Endnote 63
685 Corpus polare secundum Polocytus secundarius Second polar body Second polar body Second polocyte Haploid (1N, 1C)
Endnote 64
686 Divisio corporis polaris primi Division of first polar body Division of first polar body Division of first polocyte
687 Corpora polaria duo Two daughter polocytes Two daughter polocytes Haploid (1N, 1C)
descendentia
688 Reactio corticalis Cortical reaction Cortical reaction
689 Conjunctio granulorum Fusion of cortical granules with Fusion of cortical granules with
corticalium cum plasmalemmate oocytic plasma membrane oocytic plasma membrane
oocytico
690 Liberatio subzonalis enzymatis Liberatio subcapsularis enzymatis Subzonal enzyme release Subzonal enzyme release Subcapsular enzyme release
691 Remotio receptorum Removal of sperm-binding Removal of spermbinding
ligantium spermatozoi receptors receptors
692 Obsidio lenta polyspermiae Slow polyspermy block Slow polyspermy block
693 Dilatatio spatii subzonalis Dilatatio spatii subcapsularis Expansion of subzonal space Expansion of subzonal space Expansion of subcapsular space
694 Liquor subzonalis copiosus Plenteous subzonal fluid Plenteous subzonal fluid
695 Reactio zonalis Reactio capsularis Zonal reaction Zonal reaction Capsular reaction
696 Induratio zonae pellucidae Hardening of zona pellucida Hardening of zona pellucida
697 Conus fertilisationis Fertilization cone Fertilization cone
698 Positio intraoocytica nuclei Intra-oocytic sperm nucleus Intraoocytic sperm nucleus Haploid (1N, 1C)
spermatozoi
699 Numerus diploideus Numerus diploideus Diploid number of unreplicated Diploid number of unreplicated Diploid number of unreplicated Endnote 65
chromosomatum nonreplicatorum chromosomatum nonreplicatorum chromosomes chromosomes chromosomes
700 Dissolutio tegumenti nuclearis Dissolution of sperm nuclear Dissolution of sperm nuclear
spermatozoi envelope envelope
701 Decondensatio chromatini Decondensation of chromatin Decondensation of chromatin
702 Reconstitutio tegumenti Reconstitution of sperm Reconstitution of sperm
nuclearis spermatozoi nuclear envelope nuclear envelope
703 Reordinatio chromatini Re-organization of chromatin Reorganization of chromatin
704 Appropinquatio pronucleorum Approximation of pronuclei Approximation of pronuclei
705 Syngamia Syngamy Syngamy Endnote 66
706 Vesiculatio tegumenti nuclearis Vesiculation of nuclear envelope Vesiculation of nuclear envelope
707 Disintegratio tegumenti nuclearis Disintegration of nuclear Disintegration of nuclear

envelope envelope
708 Conjugatio Synapsis Conjugation Conjugation
709 Formatio genomi embryonici Formation of embryonic genome Formation of embryonic genome
710 Activatio prima genorum First transcription First transcription First zygotic activation; ZGA1 Endnote 67
zygoticorum
711 Chromosomata homologa Paired homologous Paired homologous
conjuncta chromosomes chromosomes
712 Axis polaris Plane of first cleavage division Plane of first cleavage division Polar axis
713 Fissio prima First cleavage division First cleavage division
714 Fertilisatio simplex Single fertilization Single fertilization

715 Cyema singulare Singleton Singleton Single cyema
716 Fertilisatio duplex Double fertilization Double fertilization
717 TEMPUS EMBRYONICUM Gradus carnegienses [St.1 ad 23] EMBRYONIC PERIOD EMBRYONIC PERIOD Carnegie stages [St. 1-23] Endnote 68
718 Embryo Embryo Embryo
719 Embryo pregastrulationis Pregastrulation embryo Pregastrulation embryo Endnote 69
720 Embryo preimplantationis Pre-implantation embryo Preimplantation embryo
721 Embryo preblastocysticus Preblastocystic embryo Preblastocystic embryo
722 Gradus cellulae unicae Embryo unicellularis One-cell stage One cell stage Single cell embryo
723 Oocytus penetratus Oocytus definitivus; Embryo Penetrated oocyte Penetrated oocyte Definitive oocyte; Primordial
primordialis embryo
724 Zygotum Embryo syngamicus Zygote Zygote Syngamic embryo
726 Spatium subzonale Spatium subcapsulare Subzonal space Subzonal space Subcapsular space Endnote 70
727 Pronucleus Pronucleus Pronucleus
728 Pronucleus femininus Pronucleus maternus Female pronucleus Female pronucleus Maternal pronucleus
729 Corpus polare secundum Polocytus secundarius Second polar body Second polar body Second polocyte
731 Reactio zonalis Reactio capsularis Zonal reaction Zonal reaction Capsular reaction Endnote 71
732 Degradatio mitochondriorum Degradation of paternal Degradation of paternal Endnote 72
paternalium mitochondria mitochondria
733 Conus fertilisationis Fertilization cone Fertilization cone IVF
734 Fusus anaphasis II Anaphase spindle II Anaphase spindle II IVF
735 Fusus telophasis II Telophase spindle II Telophase spindle II IVF
736 Intercorpus Interbody Interbody IVF
Endnote 73
737 Ootidium Ovum; Embryo pronuclearis Ootid Ootid Ovum; Pronuclear embryo
738 Pronucleus masculinus Pronucleus paternus Male pronucleus Male pronucleus Paternal pronucleus
739 Pronuclei admoti Approximated pronuclei Approximated pronuclei
740 Corpusculum precursorium Nucleolar precursor body Nucleolar precursor body
nucleolorum
741 Polus animalis Polus embryonicus presumptivus Animal pole Animal pole Presumptive embryonic pole
742 Zygotum Zygote Zygote
743 Zygotum findens Cleaving zygote Cleaving zygote Endnote 74

744 Zygotum findens cellularum II Cleaving zygote of two cells Cleaving zygote of two cells
745 Zygotum findens cellularum III Cleaving zygote of three cells Cleaving zygote of three cells
746 Zygotum findens cellularum IV Cleaving zygote of four cells, etc. Cleaving zygote of four cells, etc.
et cetera
747 Morula Morula Morula Endnote 75

748 Blastomerus Blastomere Blastomere
750 Nexus Macula communicans; Synapsis Gap junction Gap junction Nonvesicular synapse
nonvesicularis
751 Macula adhaerens Desmosoma Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens; Spot
desmosome
752 Zonula occludens Tight junction Tight junction
753 Cellula externa morulae Cellula trophoblastica presumptiva; Outer cell of morula Outer cell of morula Presumptive trophoblastic cell; Endnote 76
Cellula polarisata; Polarblastus Polarized cell; Polarblast
754 Cellula interna morulae Cellula embryoblastica Inner cell of morula Inner cell of morula Presumptive embryoblastic cell; Endnote 77
presumptiva; Pluriblastus initialis Early pluriblast
755 Axis radialis morulae Radial axis of morula Radial axis of morula .
756 Blastocystis libera Free blastocyst Free blastocyst Endnote 78

757 Blastocystis capsulata Encapsulated blastocyst Encapsulated blastocyst Unhatched blastocyst
758 Cavitatio Cavitation Cavitation IVF
759 Cavitatio incipiens Start of cavitation Start of cavitation IVF
760 Regressio cavitatis Collapse of cavity Collapse of cavity IVF
761 Redilatatio cavitatis Re-expansion of cavity Reexpansion of cavity IVF
762 Cavitatio terminalis End of cavitation End of cavitation IVF
763 Denudatio Hatching Hatching IVF
764 Cellula rumpens zonam Zona-breaker cell Zona breaker cell IVF
765 Cellula rejecta Discarded cell Discarded cell IVF
766 Cellula sequestrata Sequestered cell Sequestered cell IVF
767 Cellula segregata Isolated cell Isolated cell IVF
768 Fragmentum zonae pellucidae Fragment of zona pellucida Fragment of zona pellucida IVF
769 Blastocystis nuda Hatched blastocyst Hatched blastocyst
770 Segregatio embryoblasti Segregation of embryoblast Segregation of embryoblast
771 Polus embryonicus Embryonic pole Embryonic pole
772 Polus abembryonicus Abembryonic pole Abembryonic pole
773 Embryoblastus Massa cellularis interna; Embryoblast Embryoblast Inner cell mass; Late pluriblast Endnote 79
Pluriblastus serior
774 Discus embryonicus Embryonic disc Embryonic disc
775 Dorsoventralitas Dorsoventrality Dorsoventrality
776 Epithelium primordiale Primordial epithelium Primordial epithelium Endnote 80
777 Epiblastus Epiblast Epiblast Primary ectoderm Endnote 81
778 Hypoblastus Hypoblast Hypoblast Primary endoderm Endnote 82
779 Transitio Epitheliomesenchymal Epitheliomesenchymal
epitheliomesenchymalis transition transition
780 Mesenchyma Mesenchyme Mesenchyme Endnote 83

781 Transitio Mesenchymo-epithelial Mesenchymoepithelial Mesenchymoepithelial transition
mesenchymoepithelialis transition transition
782 Cavitas blastocystica Blastocystic cavity Blastocystic cavity Blastocyst cavity Endnote 84
784 Trophoblastus Trophoectoderma Trophoblast Trophoblast Trophectoderm Endnote 85
785 Trophoblastus polaris Polar trophoblast Polar trophoblast
786 Trophoblastus muralis Mural trophoblast Mural trophoblast
787 Blastocystis unilaminaris Unilaminar blastocyst Unilaminar blastocyst Endnote 86
788 Insignia miscellanea cellularum Miscellaneous features of Miscellaneous features of Endnote 87

trophoblasticarum undifferentiated trophoblast undifferentiated trophoblast
nondifferentiatarum cells cells
789 Corpus heterophagolysosomati Heterophagolysosome-like body Heterophagolysosome like body IVF
simile
790 Telolysosoma Corpusculum residuale Telolysosome Telolysosome Residual body IVF
791 Desmosoma Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens IVF
792 Junctio occludens apicalis Apical tight junction Apical tight junction IVF
793 Junctio occludens basalis Basal tight junction Basal tight junction IVF
794 Junctio occludens anularis Anular tight junction Anular tight junction IVF
795 Lamella anularis Anulate lamella Anulate lamella IVF
796 Microvillus Microvillus Microvillus IVF
797 Mitochondrion longum Long mitochondrion Long mitochondrion IVF
798 Processus cellularis Cell process Cell process IVF
799 Reticulum endoplasmicum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum IVF
granulosum
800 Facies dorsalis embryonis Dorsal embryonic surface Dorsal embryonic surface
801 Facies ventralis embryonis Ventral embryonic surface Ventral embryonic surface
802 Blastocystis adhaerens Attaching blastocyst Attaching blastocyst Endnote 88

803 Cavitas amniotica primordialis Primordial amniotic cavity Primordial amniotic cavity Endnote 89
804 Cytotrophoblastus Cytotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast
805 Adhaesio epithelio endometrii Adherence to endometrial Adherence to endometrial IVF
epithelium epithelium
806 Complexus junctionalis apicalis Apical junctional complex Apical junctional complex IVF
807 Desmosoma Macula adhaerens Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens; Spot IVF
desmosome
808 Invaginatio cellulae epiblasticae Cell process invaginating Cell process invaginating IVF
a processu cellulare epiblastic cell epiblastic cell
809 Porus nuclearis Nuclear pore Nuclear pore IVF
810 Syncytiotrophoblastus Syncytiotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast
811 Processus inter epitheliocytos Interendometrial cell processes Interendometrial cell processes IVF
endometrii
812 Margo syncytioepithelialis Syncytio-epithelial interface Syncytioepithelial interface
813 Implantatio superficialis Superficial implantation Superficial implantation
814 Adhaesio Adhesion Adhesion
815 Invasio trophoblastica Trophoblast invasion Trophoblast invasion
816 Implantatio interstitialis Interstitial implantation Interstitial implantation

817 Blastocystis implantata Conceptus previllosus Implanted blastocyst Implanted blastocyst Invading blastocyst; Previllous Endnote 90
conceptus
819 Margo syncytiodecidualis Syncytiodecidual interface Syncytiodecidual interface Endnote 91
820 Testa trophoblastica Trophoblastic shell Trophoblastic shell
821 Blastocystis invadens sine lacunis Invading blastocyst without Invading blastocyst without
trophoblasticis trophoblastic lacunae trophoblastic lacunae
822 Cavitas blastocystica pressula Flattened blastocystic cavity Flattened blastocystic cavity
823 Discus embryonicus concavus Dorsally concave embryonic disc Dorsally concave embryonic disc
dorsaliter
824 Trophoblastus solidus Solid trophoblast Solid trophoblast
825 Cavitas trophoepiblastica Tropho-epiblastic cavity Trophoepiblastic cavity Endnote 92
826 Cavitas amniotica primordialis Primordial amniotic cavity Primordial amniotic cavity
827 Amnioblastus Cellulae amniogenicae Amnioblast Amnioblast Amniogenic cells; Amniotic Endnote 93
ectoderm
828 Primordium marginis caudalis Primordium marginis caudalis Primordium of caudal margin of Primordium of caudal margin of Primordium of caudal margin of Endnote 94
lineae primitivae lineae gastrulationi primitive streak primitive streak gastrulation streak
829 Margo caudalis lineae primitivae Margo caudalis lineae Caudal margin of primitive streak Caudal margin of primitive streak Caudal margin of gastrulation Endnote 94
precocquis gastrulationis precoquis streak
830 Area caudalis mesoblastogenica Caudal mesoblastogenic area Caudal mesoblastogenic area Endnote 95
831 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic mesoblast Extraembryonic mesoblast Endnote 96
832 Textus angioblasticus mesoblasti Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast Endnote 97
833 Crista previllosa mesoblasti Previllous crest of mesoblast Previllous crest of mesoblast Endnote 97
834 Reticulum extraembryonicum Magma reticulare Extra-embryonic reticulum Extraembryonic reticulum Mesenchymal reticulum Endnote 98
835 Blastocystis invadens cum Invading blastocyst with Invading blastocyst with
lacunis trophoblasticis isolated trophoblastic lacunae isolated trophoblastic lacunae
separatis
836 Lacuna trophoblastica Trophoblastic lacuna Trophoblastic lacuna
837 Aggregatio previllosa Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast
cytotrophoblasti
838 Cavitas amniotica definitiva Definitive amniotic cavity Definitive amniotic cavity
839 Chorion primordiale Primordial chorion Primordial chorion
840 Endoblastus extraembryonicus Membrana exocoelomica Extra-embryonic endoblast Extraembryonic endoblast Exocoelomic membrane; Primary Endnote 99
endoderm
841 Vesicula umbilicalis primaria Saccus vitellinus primarius Primary umbilical vesicle Primary umbilical vesicle Primary yolk sac Endnote 100
842 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary yolk sac Endnote 100
primariae
843 Blastocystis invadens cum Invading blastocyst with Invading blastocyst with
lacunis communicantibus intercommunicating lacunae intercommunicating lacunae
844 Obturamentum fibrosus in loco Obturamentum occludens Fibrous coagulum at implantation Fibrous coagulum at implantation Closing plug
implantationis site site
845 Circulus lacunosus vascularis Lacunar vascular circle Lacunar vascular circle Endnote 101
846 Cavitas chorionica primordialis Primordial chorionic cavity Primordial chorionic cavity

847 Lamina prechordalis precoqua Precocious prechordal plate Precocious prechordal plate Anterior pregastrulation Endnote 102
differentiation
848 Margo disci embryonici Border of embryonic disc Border of embryonic disc
849 Junctio epiblasticoamniotica Epiblastic-amniotic junction Epiblastic amniotic junction
850 Anulus umbilicalis presumptivus Future umbilical ring Future umbilical ring
851 Polus caudalis embryonis Caudal pole of embryo Caudal pole of embryo Caudal end of embryo
852 Polus rostralis embryonis Rostral pole of embryo Rostral pole of embryo Rostral end of embryo Endnote 103
853 Polus cephalicus embryonis Polus cranialis embryonis Cephalic pole of embryo Cephalic pole of embryo Cephalic end of embryo; Cranial Endnote 104
end of embryo
854 Latus dextrum embryonis Right side of embryo Right side of embryo Endnote 105
855 Latus sinistrum embryonis Left side of embryo Left side of embryo
856 Conceptus villosus Villous conceptus Villous conceptus Endnote 106

857 Conceptus villosus sine linea Conceptus villosus sine linea Villous conceptus without obvious Villous conceptus without obvious
primitiva manifesta gastrulationis manifesta primitive streak primitive streak
858 Chorion Chorion Chorion
859 Trophoblastus Trophoblast Trophoblast Trophectoderm
860 Mesenchyma chorionicum Chorionic mesenchyme Chorionic mesenchyme
861 Mesothelium chorionicum Chorionic mesothelium Chorionic mesothelium
862 Chorion frondosum Chorion frondosum Chorion frondosum Villous chorion Endnote 107
863 Villus primarius Primary villus Primary villus
864 Villus secundarius Secondary villus Secondary villus
865 Villus tertiarius Tertiary villus Tertiary villus
866 Vas primordiale villi tertiarii Primordial vessel of tertiary Primordial vessel of tertiary
villus villus
867 Spatium intervillosum Intervillous space Intervillous space
868 Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria Saccus vitellinus secundarius Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary yolk sac Endnote 100
869 Endoderma extraembryonicum Endoderma extraembryonicum Extra-embryonic endoderm of Extraembryonic endoderm of Extra-embryonic endoderm of yolk
vesiculae umbilicalis sacci vitellini umbilical vesicle umbilical vesicle sac; Extraembryonic endoderm of
yolk sac
870 Mesenchyma vesiculae Mesenchyma sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Yolk sac mesenchyme
umbilicalis
871 Insula sanguinea vesiculae Insula sanguinea sacci vitellini Blood island of umbilical vesicle Blood island of umbilical vesicle Blood island of yolk sac
umbilicalis
872 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini Incipient umbilical vesicle Incipient umbilical vesicle Incipient yolk sac
umbilicalis incipiens incipiens haemangiogenesis hemangiogenesis haemangiogenesis; Incipient yolk
sac hemangiogenesis
873 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini secundarii Cavity of secondary umbilical Cavity of secondary umbilical Cavity of secondary yolk sac Endnote 100
secundariae vesicle vesicle
874 Vasculogenesis Vasculogenesis Vasculogenesis Endnote 108
875 Pedunculus connectans Primordial connecting stalk Primordial connecting stalk
primordialis
876 Conceptus villosus cum linea Conceptus villosus cum linea Villous conceptus with primitive Villous conceptus with primitive Villous conceptus with gastrulation
primitiva manifesta gastrulationis manifesta streak streak streak
877 Mesenchyma capitis Head mesenchyme Head mesenchyme Endnote 109
878 Linea primitiva Linea gastrulationis Primitive streak Primitive streak Gastrulation streak Endnote 110
879 Sulcus primitivus Sulcus gastrulationis Primitive groove Primitive groove Gastrulation groove Endnote 110

880 Mesoderma embryonicum Mesoblastus Embryonic mesoderm Embryonic mesoderm Mesoblast Endnote 111
881 Nodus primitivus Nodus gastrulationis Primitive node Primitive node Gastrulation node §Hensen§
Endnote 110
882 Endoderma embryonicum Embryonic endoderm Embryonic endoderm Endnote 112
883 Lamina prechordalis Prechordal plate Prechordal plate Endnote 113
884 Allantois Allantois Allantois
885 Diverticulum allantoicum Ductus allantoicus Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic duct Endnote 114
886 Mesenchyma allantoicum Allantoic mesenchyme Allantoic mesenchyme
887 Vas allantoicum Allantoic vessel Allantoic vessel
888 Membrana cloacalis primordialis Primordial cloacal membrane Primordial cloacal membrane
889 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
umbilicalis haemangiogenesis sac hemangiogenesis
890 Pedunculus connectans Connecting stalk Connecting stalk
891 Vas primordiale pedunculi Primordial vessel of connecting Primordial vessel of connecting
connectantis stalk stalk
892 Villus tertiarius ramosus Branching tertiary villus Branching tertiary villus
893 Vas villi tertiarii Vessel of tertiary villus Vessel of tertiary villus
894 Villus ancorialis Anchoring villus Anchoring villus
895 Villus liber Floating villus Floating villus
896 Amnion bilaminare Bilaminar amnion Bilaminar amnion
897 Cellula germinalis precursoria Precursor cellulae germinalis Primordial germ cell Primordial germ cell Germ cell precursor Endnote 115
898 Embryo postgastrulationis Postgastrulation embryo Postgastrulation embryo Endnote 116
899 Embryo cum processu Embryo cum processu axiali; Embryo with notochordal process Embryo with notochordal process Embryo with axial process; Embryo Endnote 117
notochordali Embryo cum chordo-mesodermate with chordamesoderm
900 Lamina neuralis Neural plate Neural plate
901 Processus notochordalis Processus axialis; Notochordal process Notochordal process Axial process; Chordamesoderm
Chordomesoderma
902 Notochorda Notochord Notochord
903 Cardo chordoneuralis Punctum chordoneurale cardinis Chordoneural hinge Chordoneural hinge Endnote 118
904 Canalis notochordalis Notochordal canal Notochordal canal
905 Canalis neurentericus Neurenteric canal Neurenteric canal Endnote 119
906 Lamina notochordalis Notochordal plate Notochordal plate
907 Cylindrus notochordalis Notochordal rod Notochordal rod
908 Membrana cloacalis Cloacal membrane Cloacal membrane
909 Embryo presomiticus Presomite embryo Presomite embryo Endnote 120

910 Embryo presomiticus sine sulco Presomite embryo without neural Presomite embryo without neural
neurale groove groove
911 Embryo piriformis Pear-shaped embryo Pear shaped embryo
912 Fovea primitiva Primitive pit Primitive pit Fovea notochordalis
Endnote 121
913 Embryo presomiticus cum sulco Presomite embryo with neural Presomite embryo with neural
914 Plica capitis primordialis Plica cephalica primordialis Primordial head fold Primordial head fold
915 Sulcus neuralis Neural groove Neural groove
916 Neurulatio primaria Primary neurulation Primary neurulation

917 Plica neuralis Neural fold Neural fold
918 Ectoderma embryonicum Embryonic ectoderm Embryonic ectoderm Endnote 122
919 Textus cristae neuralis Presumptive neural crest tissue Presumptive neural crest tissue
presumptivae
920 Junctio neurosomatica Junctio neurectodermalis Neurosomatic ectodermal junction Neurosomatic ectodermal junction Neuro-ectodermal junction;
ectodermalis Neuroectodermal junction
921 Mesoderma paraxiale Paraxial mesoderm Paraxial mesoderm
922 Somitomerum Somitomere Somitomere Endnote 123
923 Mesoderma laminae lateralis Lateral plate mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm
924 Mesenchyma cardiogenicum Cardiogenic mesenchyme Cardiogenic mesenchyme
925 Spatium coelomicum segregum Isolated coelomic space Isolated celomic space
926 Zona junctionalis mesenchymalis Junctional zone of mesenchyme Junctional zone of mesenchyme Endnote 124
927 Embryo somiticus Somite embryo Somite embryo

928 Embryo solearis cum lordose Slipper-sole-shaped embryo with Slipper sole shaped embryo with
lordosis lordosis
929 Plica capitis Plica cephalica Head fold Head fold
930 Plica caudalis primordialis Primordial tail fold Primordial tail fold Primordial caudal fold
931 Plica lateralis primordialis Primordial lateral fold Primordial lateral fold
932 Plica lateralis Lateral fold Lateral fold
933 Eminentia caudalis Gemma caudalis Caudal eminence Caudal eminence Tail bud
934 Tuberculum coccygeum Coccygeal tubercle Coccygeal tubercle Endnote 125
935 Tuberculum caudale Caudal tubercle Caudal tubercle Endnote 126
936 Crista ectodermalis ventralis Crista ectodermalis ventralis Ventral ectodermal ridge of Ventral ectodermal ridge of Ventral ectodermal ridge of tail
eminentiae caudalis gemmae caudalis caudal eminence caudal eminence bud; VER of tail bud
937 Mesenchyma densum axiale Axial dense mesenchyme Axial dense mesenchyme Tail cord
938 Corda medullaris Corda neuralis Medullary cord Medullary cord Neural cord
939 Somitocoeloma Somitocoele Somitocele
940 Stomatodeum primordiale Primordial stomodeum Primordial stomodeum
941 Membrana oropharyngea Oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal membrane
942 Primordium preenteri Primordium proenteri Primordium of foregut Primordium of foregut
943 Arcus pharyngei Pharyngeal arches Pharyngeal arches
944 Arcus pharyngeus primus First pharyngeal arch First pharyngeal arch
945 Arcus pharyngeus secundus Second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch
946 Arcus pharyngeus tertius Third pharyngeal arch Third pharyngeal arch
947 Arcus pharyngeus quartus Fourth pharyngeal arch Fourth pharyngeal arch
948 Arcus pharyngeus sextus Sixth pharyngeal arch Sixth pharyngeal arch
949 Sulcus pharyngeus Pharyngeal groove Pharyngeal groove
950 Primordium metenteri Primordium of hindgut Primordium of hindgut
951 Mesenchyma intermedium Intermediate mesenchyme Intermediate mesenchyme Mesoderma intermedium
Endnote 127
952 Mesenchyma somatopleurale Somatopleuric mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme
953 Coeloma intraembryonicum Intra-embryonic coelom Intraembryonic celom
954 Cavitas pericardiaca Primordial pericardial cavity Primordial pericardial cavity
primordialis
955 Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme

956 Laminae cardiogenicae Bilateral asymmetric cardiogenic Bilateral asymmetric cardiogenic
nonsymmetricae plates plates
957 Primordia endocardiaca Endocardiac primordia Endocardiac primordia
958 Endocardium primordiale Primordial endocardium Primordial endocardium
959 Myocardium primordiale Primordial myocardium Primordial myocardium
960 Primordium cordis Heart primordium Heart primordium Plexiform heart
961 Septum transversum Septum transversum Septum transversum
962 Vasa extraembryonica Extra-embryonic blood vessels Extraembryonic blood vessels
963 Vas chorionicum Chorionic vessel Chorionic vessel
965 Vas vitellinum Vas omphalomesentericum Vitelline vessel Vitelline vessel Omphalomesenteric vessel
966 Vasa intraembryonica Intra-embryonic blood vessels Intraembryonic blood vessels
967 V. omphalomesenterica V. vitellina Omphalomesenteric vein Omphalomesenteric vein Vitelline vein

Caput IV: HISTOGENESIS GENERALIS Chapter 4: GENERAL HISTOGENESIS
968 Histogenesis General histogenesis General histogenesis
generalis
969 Cellulae antecedentes Antecedent cells Antecedent cells Endnote 128
971 Potestas totalis Totipotency Totipotency Endnote 129
972 Omnipotentia Omnipotency Omnipotency
973 Potestas pluralis Pluripotency Pluripotency Endnote 130
974 Potestas multiplex Multipotency Multipotency Endnote 131
975 Potestas una Unipotency Unipotency Endnote 132
976 Formabilitas Plasticity Plasticity Endnote 133
977 Reprogrammatio Reprogramming Reprogramming
978 TYPI CELLULARUM VARIETIES OF ANTECEDENT VARIETIES OF ANTECEDENT

ANTECEDENTIUM CELLS CELLS
979 Cellula primordialis Primordial cell Primordial cell Endnote 134
980 Cellula fundatoria Founder cell Founder cell Endnote 135
981 Cellula progenitalis Cellula proprecursoria Progenitor cell Progenitor cell Prestem cell; PSC Endnote 136
982 Cellula staminalis Cellula precursoria Stem cell Stem cell Endnote 137
983 Cellula staminalis trophoblastica Trophoblastic stem cell Trophoblastic stem cell TSC GS
naturalis generated spontaneously in vivo generated spontaneously in vivo
984 Cellula staminalis trophoblastica Trophoblastic stem cell induced Trophoblastic stem cell induced TSC IA
inducta artificialiter artificially in vitro artificially in vitro
985 Cellula staminalis embryonica Stipitoblastus Embryonic stem cell Embryonic stem cell ESC
986 Cellula staminalis embryonica Stipitoblastus verus Embryonic stem cell generated Embryonic stem cell generated ESC GS
apparens spontaniter spontaneously in vivo spontaneously in vivo
987 Cellula staminalis embryonica Stipitoblastus artificialis Embryonic stem cell induced Embryonic stem cell induced ESC IA
inducta artificialiter artificially in vitro artificially in vitro
988 Linea cellularis staminalis Embryonic stem cell line Embryonic stem cell line
embryonica
989 Cellula germinalis embryonica Embryonic germ cell Embryonic germ cell
990 Cellula staminalis pluripotens Induced pluripotent stem cell Induced pluripotent stem cell
inducta
991 Cellula staminalis adulta Adult stem cell Adult stem cell
992 Cellulae prestaminales Cellulae proprecursoriae; Cellulae Stem cells in early development Stem cells in early development
pluripotentes
993 Cellula externa morulae Outer cell of morula Outer cell of morula
994 Cellula staminalis trophoblastica Trophoblastic stem cell Trophoblastic stem cell TSC
995 Cellula interna morulae Inner cell of morula Inner cell of morula
996 Cellula staminalis embryonica Stipitoblastus Embryonic stem cell Embryonic stem cell ESC
997 Cellula epiblastica Epiblastic cell Epiblastic cell
998 Cellula hypoblastica Hypoblastic cell Hypoblastic cell

999 Cellula ectodermalis Ectodermal cell Ectodermal cell
1000 Cellula mesodermalis Mesodermal cell Mesodermal cell
1001 Cellula endodermalis Endodermal cell Endodermal cell
1002 Cellulae staminales Cellulae multipotentes et Lineage-restricted stem cells Lineage restricted stem cells Multipotent and unipotent cells Endnote 138
unipotentes
1003 Cellula staminalis somatica Somatic stem cell Somatic stem cell
1004 Cellula stromalis medullae rubrae Bone marrow stromal cell Bone marrow stromal cell
1005 Cellula staminalis medullae osseae Bone marrow stem cell Bone marrow stem cell
1006 Cellula staminalis sanguinis Cord blood stem cell Cord blood stem cell
funiculi umbilicalis
1007 Cellula staminalis umbilicalis Umbilical stem cell Umbilical stem cell
1008 Cellula staminalis conjunctivalis Conjunctival stem cell Conjunctival stem cell
1009 Cellula staminalis cornealis Corneal stem cell Corneal stem cell
1010 Cellula staminalis endothelialis Endothelial stem cell Endothelial stem cell
1011 Cellula staminalis ependymalis Ependymal stem cell Ependymal stem cell
1012 Cellula staminalis epidermalis Epidermal stem cell Epidermal stem cell
1013 Cellula staminalis gastrointestinalis Gastro-intestinal stem cell Gastrointestinal stem cell
1014 Cellula staminalis haematopoietica Haematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell
1015 Cellula staminalis Hepatopancreatic stem cell Hepatopancreatic stem cell
hepatopancreatica
1016 Cellula staminalis hypophysialis Hypophysial stem cell Hypophysial stem cell
1017 Cellula staminalis mesechymatica Mesenchymal stem cell Mesenchymal stem cell hMSC
1018 Cellula staminalis myogenica Myogenic stem cell Myogenic stem cell
1019 Cellula staminalis nervosa Neural stem cell Neural stem cell
1020 Cellula staminalis neuronalis Neuronal stem cell Neuronal stem cell
1021 Cellula staminalis glialis Glial stem cell Glial stem cell
1022 Cellula staminalis epidermalis Epidermal neural crest cell stem Epidermal neural crest cell stem eNCSC
cristae neuralis cell cell
1023 Cellula staminalis olfactoria Olfactory stem cell Olfactory stem cell
1024 Cellula staminalis spermatogonica Spermatogonial stem cell Spermatogonial stem cell
1025 Cellula staminalis germinalis Germinal stem cell Germinal stem cell Endnote 139
1026 Cellulae progenetrices Progenitor cells Progenitor cells See relevant tissue derivatives
1027 Factores crescentiae Growth factors Growth factors Endnote 140

1028 Receptor tyrosinum kinasis Receptor tyrosine kinase Receptor tyrosine kinase
1029 Familia factoris crescentiae Fibroblast growth factor family Fibroblast growth factor family FGF family
fibroblasticae
1030 Familia ephrini Ephrin family Ephrin family
1031 Receptor maculatus Receptor patched Receptor patched
1032 Familia erinacea Hedgehog family Hedgehog family
1033 Receptor crispatus Receptor frizzled Receptor frizzled
1034 Familia receptoris nonalati Wingless-type family Wingless type family WNT family
1035 Receptor serini/threonini kinasis Receptor serine/threonine kinase Receptor serine/threonine kinase
1036 Superfamilia factoris epidermalis Epidermal growth factor Epidermal growth factor EGF superfamily

crescentiam superfamily superfamily
1037 Superfamilia factoris Transforming growth factor beta Transforming growth factor beta TGF-β superfamily
transformantis crescentiam β superfamily superfamily
1038 Familia activini Activin family Activin family
1039 Familia factoris morphogenetici Bone morphogenetic factor Bone morphogenetic factor BMP family
ossium family family
1040 Familia factoris transformantis Transforming growth factor Transforming growth factor TGF family
crescentiam family family
1041 Factor transformans Transforming growth factor Transforming growth factor TGF-α
crescentiam α
1042 Familia vitellogenini I Vitellogenin family Vitellogenin family Vg1 family
1043 Familia nodalis Nodal family Nodal family
1044 Receptor integrini Integrin receptor Integrin receptor
1045 Ligantia fibronectini/laminini Fibronectin/Laminin ligands Fibronectin/Laminin ligands
1046 Receptor incisurans Notch receptor Notch receptor
1047 Ligantia delta/serrata Delta/Serrate ligands Delta/Serrate ligands
1048 Factores transcriptionis Transcription factors Transcription factors Endnote 141
1049 Crista neuralis Neural crest Neural crest Endnote 142

1050 STRUCTURAE CRISTAE NEURAL CREST STRUCTURES NEURAL CREST STRUCTURES Endnote 143
NEURALIS
1051 COMPLEXUS CRISTAE NASAL NEURAL CREST NASAL NEURAL CREST Endnote 144
NEURALIS NASALIS COMPLEX COMPLEX
1052 Mesenchyma olfactorium Olfactory mesenchyme Olfactory mesenchyme In part
1053 Basicranium anterius Anterior basicranium Anterior basicranium In part
1054 Leptomeninx Leptomeninx Leptomeninx
1055 Epithelium olfactorium Olfactory epithelium Olfactory epithelium
1056 Cellula olfactoria staminalis Olfactory stem cell Olfactory stem cell
1057 Neuroblastus olfactorius Olfactory neuroblast Olfactory neuroblast
1058 Neuron olfactorium Immature olfactory neuron Immature olfactory neuron
immaturum
1059 Epitheliocytus sustenans Olfactory supporting epithelial Olfactory supporting epithelial
olfactorius cell cell
1060 Cellula olfactoria implicans Gliocytus olfactorius implicans Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing cell OEC; Olfactory ensheathing glial
cell
1061 Epitheliocytus basalis olfactorius Olfactory basal epithelial cell Olfactory basal epithelial cell
1062 Neuroblastus vomeronasalis Vomeronasal neuroblast Vomeronasal neuroblast
1063 Neuron immaturum Immature vomeronasal neuron Immature vomeronasal neuron
vomeronasale
1064 Neuron gonadotropinum liberans Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH neuron of vomeronasal
nervi vomeronasalis neuron of vomeronasal nerve neuron of vomeronasal nerve nerve
1065 Gliocytus vomeronasalis Vomeronasal ensheathing glial Vomeronasal ensheathing glial
implicans cell cell
1066 Neuroblastus nervi terminalis Neuroblast of nervus terminalis Neuroblast of nervus terminalis
1067 Neuron immaturum nervi Immature neuron of nervus Immature neuron of nervus

terminalis terminalis terminalis
1068 Neuron gonadotropinum liberans Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH neuron of terminal nerve
nervi terminalis neuron of terminal nerve neuron of terminal nerve
1069 Cellula nervi terminalis implicans Gliocytus nervi terminalis implicans Ensheathing cell of terminal Ensheathing cell of terminal Ensheathing glial cell of terminal
nerve nerve nerve
1070 COMPLEXUS CRISTAE OPTIC NEURAL CREST OPTIC NEURAL CREST Endnote 145
NEURALIS OPTICAE COMPLEX COMPLEX
1071 Mesenchyma oculi Optic mesenchyme Optic mesenchyme In part
1074 Tunica fibrosa bulbi Fibrous layer of eyeball Fibrous layer of eyeball
1075 Cellula staminalis cornealis Corneal stem cell Corneal stem cell Endnote 146
1076 Melanocytus Melanocyte Melanocyte
1077 Tunica vasculosa bulbi Uvea Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer of eyeball Uvea
1078 Pigmentocytus uvealis Pigment cell of uvea Pigment cell of uvea
1079 CRISTA NEURALIS PREOTICA PRE-OTIC NEURAL CREST PREOTIC NEURAL CREST
1080 Complexus cristae neuralis Mesencephalic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest Endnote 147
mesencephalicae complex complex
1081 Mesenchyma frontonasale Frontonasal mesenchyme Frontonasal mesenchyme
1083 Os frontale Frontal bone Frontal bone
1084 Pars squamosa ossis temporalis Squamous part of temporal bone Squamous part of temporal bone
1085 Viscerocranium membranaceum Membranous viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium In part
1087 Mesenchyma oculi Optic mesenchyme Optic mesenchyme In part
1088 Cellula staminalis cornealis Corneal stem cell Corneal stem cell
1089 Keratocytus Keratocyte Keratocyte
1090 Adipocytus Adipocyte Adipocyte
1092 Epithelium posterius corneae Endothelium of anterior chamber Endothelium of anterior chamber
1093 Stroma iridis Stroma of iris Stroma of iris
1094 Membrana pupillaris Pupillary membrane Pupillary membrane Iridopupillary membrane In part
1095 Ectomesenchyma dentale Dental ectomesenchyme Dental ectomesenchyme
1096 Papilla dentis Dental papilla Dental papilla
1097 Odontoblastus Odontoblast Odontoblast
1098 Crista neuralis isthmica Isthmic neural crest Isthmic neural crest Endnote 148
1099 Via migrationis dorsolateralis Dorsolateral migration pathway Dorsolateral migration pathway
1100 Mesenchyma capitis * Head mesenchyme * Head mesenchyme * In part
1102 Crista neuralis Rhombencephalic neural crest Rhombencephalic neural crest

rhombencephalica
1103 Complexus cristae neuralis Trigeminal neural crest complex Trigeminal neural crest complex Endnote 149

trigeminalis
1106 Mesenchyma capitis Head mesenchyme Head mesenchyme In part
1107 Dermis capitis Dermis of head Dermis of head
1110 Viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium In part
membranaceum
1111 Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi First pharyngeal arch cartilage First pharyngeal arch cartilage §Meckel§
1112 Ossiculae auditus Auditory ossicles Auditory ossicles In part
1113 Fasciae propriae musculorum First pharyngeal arch muscle First pharyngeal arch muscle
arcus pharyngei primi sheaths sheaths
1114 Via migrationis ventrolateralis Ventrolateral migration pathway Ventrolateral migration pathway
1115 Neuron sensorium ganglii Trigeminal ganglion cell Trigeminal ganglion cell
trigeminalis
1116 Gliocytus ganglionicus Ganglionic satellite cell Ganglionic satellite cell
1117 Schwannocytus Schwann cell Schwann cell
1118 Complexus cristae neuralis Faciovestibulocochlear neural Faciovestibulocochlear neural Endnote 150
faciovestibulocochlearis crest complex crest complex
1119 Complexus cristae neuralis Facial neural crest complex Facial neural crest complex Endnote 151
facialis
1122 Mesenchyma capitis Head mesenchyme Head mesenchyme In part
1123 Dermis cervicalis Dermis of neck Dermis of neck In part
1126 Viscerocranium membranaceum Membranous viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium In part
1127 Cartilago arcus pharyngei Second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch §Reichert§
secundi cartilage cartilage
1128 Ossiculae auditus Auditory ossicles Auditory ossicles In part
Endnote 152
1129 Os hyoideum Hyoid bone Hyoid bone In part
1130 Fasciae propriae musculorum Second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch
arcus pharyngei secundi muscle sheaths muscle sheaths
1132 Neuron sensorium ganglii Geniculate ganglion cell Geniculate ganglion cell
geniculi
1135 COMPLEXUS CRISTAE OTIC NEURAL CREST OTIC NEURAL CREST Endnote 153
NEURALIS OTICAE COMPLEX COMPLEX

1138 Mesenchyma oticum Otic mesenchyme Otic mesenchyme In part
1139 Capsula otica Otic capsule Otic capsule In part
1140 Arcus pharyngei secundi et tertii Second and third pharyngeal Second and third pharyngeal
arches arches
1142 Neuron sensorium ganglii Vestibular ganglion cell Vestibular ganglion cell
vestibularis
1143 Neuron sensorium ganglii Cochlear ganglion cell Cochlear ganglion cell
cochlearis
1146 CRISTA NEURALIS POSTOTICA POSTOTIC NEURAL CREST POSTOTIC NEURAL CREST
1147 Complexus cristae neuralis Glossopharyngeal neural crest Glossopharyngeal neural crest Endnote 154
glossopharyngealis complex complex
1150 Crista neuralis cardiaca Cardiac neural crest Cardiac neural crest In part
Endnote 155
1151 Cartilago arcus pharyngei tertii Third pharyngeal arch cartilage Third pharyngeal arch cartilage
1152 Os hyoideum Hyoid bone Hyoid bone In part
1153 Fascia propria musculi Stylopharyngeus muscle sheath Stylopharyngeus muscle sheath
stylopharyngei
1155 Neuron sensorium ganglii Glossopharyngeal ganglion cell Glossopharyngeal ganglion cell
glossopharyngei
1156 Ganglion glossopharyngeum Superior glossopharyngeal Superior glossopharyngeal
superius ganglion ganglion
1157 Ganglion glossopharyngeum Inferior glossopharyngeal Inferior glossopharyngeal
inferius ganglion ganglion
1160 Complexus cristae neuralis Vagal neural crest complex Vagal neural crest complex Endnote 154
vagalis
1163 Crista neuralis cardiac Cardiac neural crest Cardiac neural crest In part
1164 Cartilago arcus pharyngei quarti Fourth pharyngeal arch cartilage Fourth pharyngeal arch cartilage
1165 Cartilagines laryngeae Laryngeal cartilages Laryngeal cartilages Endnote 156
1166 Fasciae propriae musculorum Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle
arcus pharyngei quarti sheaths sheaths
1168 Neuron sensorium ganglii vagalis Vagal ganglion cell Vagal ganglion cell
1169 Ganglion vagale superius Superior vagal ganglion Superior vagal ganglion
1170 Ganglion vagale inferius Inferior vagal ganglion Inferior vagal ganglion

1173 Linea generationis cellularum Parasympathetic cell lineage Parasympathetic cell lineage
parasympathicarum
1174 Pars enterica systematis Enteric nervous system Enteric nervous system
nervosi
1175 Ganglion entericum Enteric ganglion Enteric ganglion
1176 Plexus entericus ganglionaris Ganglionic enteric plexus Ganglionic enteric plexus Enteric nerve plexus
1177 Plexus nervosus myentericus Myenteric plexus Myenteric plexus §Auerbach§
1178 Plexus nervosus Outer submucous plexus Outer submucous plexus §Schabadasch§
submucosus externus
1179 Plexus nervosus Inner submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus §Meissner§
submucosus internus
1180 Plexus entericus Aganglionic enteric plexus Aganglionic enteric plexus
aganglionaris
1181 Gliocytus entericus Enteric glial cell Enteric glial cell
1182 Complexus cristae neuralis Cardiac neural crest complex Cardiac neural crest complex
cardiacus
1183 Arcus pharyngei tertii, quartii et Third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal Third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal
sexti arches arches
1184 Aa. arcuum pharyngeorum Pharyngeal arch arteries Pharyngeal arch arteries Aortic arches Endnote 157
1185 Paraganglion Paraganglion Paraganglion
1186 Paragangliocytus Cellula typi I Paragangliocyte Paragangliocyte Type I cell
1187 Glandulae parathyroideae Parathyroid glands Parathyroid glands In part
1188 Stroma glandulae Parathyroid stroma Parathyroid stroma
parathyroideae
1189 Cor Heart Heart In part
1190 Basis cordis Base of heart Base of heart In part
1191 Ductus tractus communis Common outflow tract of heart Common outflow tract of heart In part
egressionis cordis
1192 Crista endocardiaca septalis Tuber endocardiacum septale Septal ridge Septal ridge Septal cushion; Parietal cushion
1193 Septum aorticopulmonale Aorticopulmonary septum Aorticopulmonary septum In part
1194 Valva aortae Aortic valve Aortic valve Aortic arterial valve In part
1195 Valva trunci pulmonalis Pulmonary valve Pulmonary valve Pulmonary arterial valve In part
1196 Tubera endocardiaca Atrioventricular endocardial Atrioventricular endocardial In part
atrioventricularia cushions cushions
1197 Cardiomyocytus atrialis Endocrine atrial cardiomyocyte Endocrine atrial cardiomyocyte Atrial myo-endocrine cell; Atrial
secretans myoendocrine cell
1198 Trachea et bronchi Trachea and bronchi Trachea and bronchi In part
1199 Neuroendocrinocytus Respiratory neuro-endocrine cell Respiratory neuro-endocrine cell
respiratorius
1200 Gemma thymica Thymic bud Thymic bud In part
1201 Stroma thymi Thymic stroma Thymic stroma
1202 Glandula thyroidea Thyroid gland Thyroid gland In part
1203 Thyrocytus C C thyrocyte C thyrocyte C cell; Parafollicular cell
1204 Crista neuralis nervi accessorii Neural crest of accessory nerve Neural crest of accessory nerve Endnote 158

1208 Crista neuralis hypoglossalis Crista neuralis occipitalis Hypoglossal neural crest Hypoglossal neural crest Occipital neural crest Endnote 159
1213 Chorda hypoglossalis Hypoglossal cord Hypoglossal cord In part
1215 CRISTA NEURALIS SPINALIS SPINAL NEURAL CREST SPINAL NEURAL CREST Endnote 160
1216 Via migrationis dorsolateralis Dorsolateral migration pathway Dorsolateral migration pathway Endnote 161
1218 Via migrationis ventrolateralis Ventrolateral migration pathway Ventrolateral migration pathway Endnote 162
1219 Neuron sensorium ganglii spinalis Spinal ganglion cell Spinal ganglion cell
1222 Via migrationis ventromedialis Ventromedial migration pathway Ventromedial migration pathway Endnote 163
1223 Linea generationis cellularum Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Sympatho-adrenal cell lineage;
sympathicosuprarenalium Sympathoadrenal cell lineage
1224 Ganglion trunci sympathici Ganglion of sympathetic trunk Ganglion of sympathetic trunk
1226 Medulla suprarenalis Suprarenal medulla Suprarenal medulla
1227 Endocrinocytus chromophilus Medullary chromaffin cell Medullary chromaffin cell
medullaris
1228 Ganglion preaorticum Pre-aortic ganglion Preaortic ganglion §Zuckerkandl§
1230 Linea generationis cellularum Parasympathetic cell lineage Parasympathetic cell lineage
parasympathicarum
1231 Ganglion parasympathicum Parasympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic ganglion
1233 Textus connectivi atque Connective and supporting Connective and supporting
sustinentes tissues tissues
1234 TEXTUS ADIPOSUS ADIPOSE TISSUE ADIPOSE TISSUE
1235 Mesenchyma somiticum Somitic mesenchyme Somitic mesenchyme
1236 Mesenchyma somatopleurale Somatopleuric mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Endnote 164
1237 Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Endnote 165
1238 Ectomesenchyma Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Ectomesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Neural crest mesenchyme
1239 Mesenchyma ex eminentia Mesenchyme from caudal Mesenchyme from caudal
caudale eminence eminence
1240 Cellula adipocytoprogenetrix Fat cell progenitor Fat cell progenitor Endnote 166

1241 Preadipocytus Pre-adipocyte Preadipocyte
1242 Preadipocytus celeriter replicans Fast replicating pre-adipocyte Fast replicating preadipocyte
1243 Preadipocytus cunctanter Slowly replicating pre-adipocyte Slowly replicating preadipocyte
replicans
1244 Adipocytus fuscus Brown adipose cell Brown adipose cell
1245 Lobulus adiposus vascularis Perivascular adipose lobule Perivascular adipose lobule
1246 Textus adiposus fuscus Brown adipose tissue Brown adipose tissue
1247 Adipocytus albus White adipose cell White adipose cell
1248 Textus adiposus albus White adipose tissue White adipose tissue
1249 CHONDROHISTOGENESIS CHONDROHISTOGENESIS CHONDROHISTOGENESIS See Terminologia Histologica

1250 Chondroblastus Chondroblast Chondroblast
1251 Chondrocytus Chondrocyte Chondrocyte
1252 CHONDROIDOGENESIS CHONDROIDOGENESIS CHONDROIDOGENESIS See Terminologia Histologica

1253 Chondroidocytus Chondroidocyte Chondroidocyte
1254 Textus chondroideus Chondroid tissue Chondroid tissue See Terminologia Histologica
1255 OSTEOGENESIS OSTEOGENESIS OSTEOGENESIS Osteogeny

1256 Mesenchyma blastemale Blastemal mesenchyme Blastemal mesenchyme
1257 Motus condensationis Motus densationis Condensation movement Condensation movement Densation movement
1258 Cellula osteoprogenetrix Osteoprogenitor cell Osteoprogenitor cell
1259 Osteoblastus Osteoblast Osteoblast
1260 Osteocytus Osteocyte Osteocyte
1261 Stratum preosseum Osteoideum Osteoid Osteoid Preosseous matrix
1262 Centrum ossificationis Ossification centre Ossification center
1263 Ossificatio Ossification Ossification
1264 Linea calcificationis Calcification front Calcification front
1265 Crystallum hydroxyapatiti Hydroxyapatite crystal Hydroxyapatite crystal
1266 Trabecula ossea Bone trabecula Bone trabecula
1267 Osteonum Osteon Osteon
1268 Cellula osteoclastoprogenetrix Osteoclast progenitor cell Osteoclast progenitor cell Endnote 167
1269 Osteoclastus Osteoclast Osteoclast Endnote 168
1270 Lacuna erosionis Osteoclastic crypt Osteoclastic crypt Erosion lacuna
1271 Linea erosionis Linea resorptionis Erosion front Erosion front
1272 Os membranaceum Membranous bone Membranous bone
1273 Os endochondrale Endochondral bone Endochondral bone
1274 Cellula vestiens ossis progenetrix Bone-lining cell progenitor Bone lining cell progenitor
1275 Ossificatio membranacea Ossificatio desmalis Membranous ossification Membranous ossification Intramembranous ossification
1277 Textus chondroideus Chondroid tissue Chondroid tissue
1278 Centrum ossificationis Ossification centre Ossification centre
1279 Motus detondens Shearing movement Shearing movement
1280 Stratum osteoblasticum Osteoblastic layer Osteoblastic layer

1282 Osteoclastus Osteoclast Osteoclast
1285 Ossificatio chondralis Chondral ossification Chondral ossification Cartilaginous ossification

1286 Permutationes intracartilagineae Changes in cartilage Changes in cartilage
1287 Irruptio a vasis Vascularization Vascularization
1288 Canalis cartilagineus Cartilage canal Cartilage canal Endnote 169
1289 Hypertrophia chondrocyti Hypertrophy of chondrocyte Hypertrophy of chondrocyte
1290 Vacuolatio Vacuolation Vacuolation
1291 Accumulatio glycogeni Accumulation of glycogen Accumulation of glycogen
1292 Formatio septi matricalis Formation of matrix septum Formation of matrix septum
1293 Degeneratio chondrocyti Degeneration of chondrocyte Degeneration of chondrocyte
1294 Formatio lacunae in cartilagine Formation of cartilage lacuna Formation of cartilage lacuna
1295 Calcificatio parietis lacunae Calcification of lacunar wall Calcification of lacunar wall
1296 Ossificatio perichondralis Perichondral ossification in Perichondral ossification in Endnote 170

diaphysialis diaphysis diaphysis
1297 Perichondrium diaphysiale Diaphysial perichondrium Diaphysial perichondrium
1299 Os perichondrale Perichondral bone Perichondral bone
1300 Periosteum Periosteum Periosteum
1301 Stratum osteogenicum Osteogenic layer Osteogenic layer
1305 Anulus perichondralis Perichondral collar Perichondral collar Endnote 171
1306 Anulus osseus diaphysialis Diaphysial bone collar Diaphysial bone collar
1307 Periosteum Periosteum Periosteum
1308 Gemma osteogenica Osteogenic bud Osteogenic bud
1309 Gemma capillaris Capillary sprout Capillary sprout
1310 Osteoclastus Osteoclast Osteoclast
1311 Chondroclastus Chondroclast Chondroclast
1312 Cellula osteoprogenetrix Osteoprogenitor cell Osteoprogenitor cell
1313 Erosio osteoclastica anuli ossei Osteoclastic erosion of Osteoclastic erosion of
diaphysialis diaphysial bone collar diaphysial bone collar
1314 Canalis erosionis Erosion canal Erosion canal
1315 Ossificatio endochondralis Endochondral ossification in Endochondral ossification in

diaphysialis diaphysis diaphysis
1316 Extensio gemmae osteogenicae Spread of osteogenic bud Spread of osteogenic bud Endnote 172
1317 Centrum primarium ossificationis Centrum diaphysiale ossificationis Primary ossification centre Primary ossification centre Diaphysial ossification centre;
Diaphyseal ossification center
1318 Nucleus osteogenicus primarius Primary osteogenic nucleus Primary osteogenic nucleus
1319 Cavitas medullaris primaria Primary medullary cavity Primary medullary cavity

1320 Ossificatio endochondralis Endochondral ossification in Endochondral ossification in
epiphysialis epiphysis epiphysis
1321 Cartilago epiphysialis Epiphysial cartilage Epiphyseal cartilage
1322 Zona quiescens Resting zone Resting zone Quiescent zone
1323 Zona proliferationis Proliferation zone Proliferation zone
1324 Columella chondrocytorum Chondrocyte column Chondrocyte column
1325 Zona hypertrophica Hypertrophic zone Hypertrophic zone
1326 Chondrocytus hypertrophicus Hypertrophic chondrocyte Hypertrophic chondrocyte
1327 Zona calcificationis Calcification zone Calcification zone
1328 Cartilago calcificata Calcified cartilage Calcified cartilage
1329 Lacuna cartilaginis Cartilaginous lacuna Cartilaginous lacuna
1330 Paries transversus lacunae Transverse wall of lacuna Transverse wall of lacuna
1331 Paries longitudinalis Longitudinal wall of lacuna Longitudinal wall of lacuna
lacunae
1332 Zona erosionis Erosion zone Erosion zone
1333 Lacuna erosionis Osteoclastic crypt Osteoclastic crypt Erosion lacuna
1334 Chondroclastus Chondroclast Chondroclast
1335 Zona ossificationis Ossification zone Ossification zone
1336 Os endochondrale Endochondral bone Endochondral bone
1337 Trabecula ossea primaria Primary bone trabecula Primary bone trabecula
1338 Trabecula ossea secundaria Secondary bone trabecula Secondary bone trabecula
1339 Centrum secundarium Centrum epiphysiale ossificationis Secondary ossification centre Secondary ossification center Epiphysial ossification centre;
ossificationis Epiphyseal ossification center
1340 Nucleus osteogenicus Secondary osteogenic nucleus Secondary osteogenic nucleus
secundarius
1341 Chondrocytus hypertrophicus Hypertrophic chondrocyte Hypertrophic chondrocyte
1342 Cartilago calcificata Calcified cartilage Calcified cartilage
1344 Textus osseus reticulofibrosus Woven bone Woven bone
1345 Lamina epiphysialis Epiphysial plate Epiphyseal plate Growth plate

1347 Trabecula Trabecula Trabecula
1348 Os compactum nonmaturum Immature compact bone Immature compact bone
1349 Spatium vasculare Vascular space Vascular space
1350 Os lamellare Lamellar bone Lamellar bone

1351 Lamella ossea Osseous lamella Osseous lamella
1352 Stratum preosseum Osteoideum Osteoid Osteoid Preosseous matrix
1353 Lamella circumtendens Circumferential lamella Circumferential lamella
1354 Lamella concentrica Concentric lamella Concentric lamella
1355 Osteonum primarium Primary osteon Primary osteon Endnote 173
1356 Osteonum secundarium Secondary osteon Secondary osteon Endnote 173
1357 Cavitas medullaris ossis Medullary cavity of bone Medullary cavity of bone

1358 MYOHISTOGENESIS MUSCLE HISTOGENESIS MUSCLE HISTOGENESIS
1359 Myogenesis Myogenesis Myogenesis
1360 Cellulae progenetrices Progenitor cells Progenitor cells
1361 Cellula myocytoprogenetrix Myogenic progenitor Myogenic progenitor Myogenic precursor cell;
Myocytoprogenitor cell
1362 Cellula staminalis myogenica Myogenic stem cell Myogenic stem cell
1363 Cellula cardiomyocytoprogenetrix Cardiac myocytoprogenitor cell Cardiac myocytoprogenitor cell
1364 Promyoblastus Promyoblast Promyoblast
1365 Myoblastus Myoblast Myoblast
1366 Myoblastus postmitoticus Postmitotic myoblast Postmitotic myoblast
1367 Status mononuclearis Mononuclear state Mononuclear state
1368 Myocytus Myocyte Myocyte
1369 Myocytus levis Myocytus nonstriatus Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle cell
1370 Cardiomyocytus Myocytus cardiacus Cardiac muscle cell Cardiac muscle cell
1371 Status multinuclearis Multinuclear state Multinuclear state
1372 Myotubus Myotube Myotube
1373 Myotubus primarius Primary myotube Primary myotube
1374 Myotubus secundarius Secondary myotube Secondary myotube
1375 Myofibra Myofibre Myofiber
1376 Cellula adjuncta Satellite cell Satellite cell
1377 Tendinogenesis Tendinogenesis Tendinogenesis

1378 Cellula tendinocytoprogenetrix Tendinocyte progenitor cell Tendinocyte progenitor cell
1379 Tendinoblastus Tendinoblast Tendinoblast
1380 Tendinocytus Tendon cell Tendon cell Tendinocyte; Tenocyte

ENDNOTES
1 Ejaculatio The reflex process of ejaculation occurs in two phases: in the first – emission – contraction of smooth muscle of glands and ducts delivers the various components of semen into the prostatic urethra;
in the second – ejaculation proper – the striated muscles of the urogenital triangle (particularly the bulbospongiosus muscles) contract spasmodically and expel semen from the urethra.
2 Embryogenesis Embryogenesis is the process of embryo formation. It entails the formation of the principal organs and systems and the acquisition of uniquely human surface features that are apparent with the
unaided eye. The process begins at fertilization and ends, somewhat arbitrarily, 56 days later.
3 Fetogenesis Fetogenesis entails the growth and differentiation, particularly functional differentiation, of the conceptus after embryogenesis is completed. It thus begins on day 57, following the Stage 23 embryo
that already has its principal organs, systems and distinctly human features, and ends at birth, when the fetus becomes a newborn infant or neonate. The time in which fetogenesis occurs may be divided into early,
intermediate and late fetal periods, which correspond to the trimesters of pregnancy in which they occur. There is, however, no agreement on precisely which weeks are encompassed by the first trimester; here it is
regarded as beginning at fertilization and as consisting of embryogenesis and the early fetal period, the 9th to the 13th post-fertilization weeks.
4 Cyclus vaginalis Cyclical changes in the stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina are not obvious in histological sections: under normal circumstances its desquamated cells remain nucleated and it does not
keratinize. However, according to Papanicolaou, there is a relative increase in acidophilic cells with small dark nuclei at the time of ovulation and thus three phases of the vaginal cycle may be recognized
(Papanicolaou GN. The sexual cycle in the human female as revealed by vaginal smears. Am J Anat 1933;52:519-637). The changes at ovulation may represent a prekeratinization process, which is completed
when the epithelium is exposed to the air, as in cases of prolapse.
5 Conceptus Conceptus refers to the entire product of conception from fertilization onwards.
6 Cyema The cyema is the embryonic or fetal part of the conceptus and thus excludes the developmental adnexa (q.v.), which are the placenta, umbilical cord and extra-embryonic membranes (O’Rahilly R, Müller,
F. Human Embryology and Teratology, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001).
7 Embryo [St.1 ad 23] Both embryonic and extra-embryonic cell lineages extend forward from the zygote and both extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues are necessary for normal development. Nevertheless, it
has been argued that to include the early stages in the use of the term embryo is misleading because a discrete and identifiable population of exclusively embryonic or cyemic cells does not exist until gastrulation is
under way and because most of the tissues formed prior to this are extra-embryonic or adnexal (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-64).
However, communication risks attend the redefining of a commonly and colloquially used term such as embryo and scientific purposes can be as well served by not redefining the term but defining the cells present
at a particular time. Embryo remains the preferred term for all 23 Carnegie Stages.
8 Adnexa developmentalia; Membranae embryonicae et fetales; Adnexa embryonica et fetalia The Latin word adnexum has been used almost exclusively in this plural form to indicate the structures (more than
one) adjacent to or subservient to a major structure. The form adnexae, although frequently used, is incorrect. The developmental adnexa are commonly referred to as the 'fetal membranes'. This is inaccurate
since they include the trophoblast, amnion, chroin, umbilical vesicle, allantoic vesicle, placenta and umbilical cord (O'Rahilly R, Muller F. Human Embryology and Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001).
9 Phasis pregastrulationis The pregastrulation and postgastrulation phases of the embryonic period and the fetal period are stages of prenatal development, each with its own distinctive characteristics, particularly
in respect of its responses to teratogens. The pregastrulation phase begins at fertilization, continues through cleavage and implantation and ends with the establishment of a definite primitive streak in Carnegie
Stage 6b at about two and a half weeks. It is a phase characterized by rapid increase in cell numbers and by regulation. As a result, response to teratogens is uncertain: induced errors of development may regulate
but, if they do not, the errors are likely to be of such magnitude that early spontaneous abortion follows.
10 Phasis preparatoria; Phasis embryogenica The characteristic of the preparative phase is that it is spent preparing extra-embryonic membranes and presumptive embryonic cells but that no cells of the
conceptus have yet been determined as substantive embryonic cells. It has therefore been called the embryogenic phase (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod
Fertil Dev. 1996;8:759-64). The term “pre-embryonic stage”, which has been used in legal and clinical contexts, is not recommended.
11 Pregnatio cervicalis; Pregnatio ectopica; Pregnatio extrauterina Although appropriately listed with uterine pregnancy sites, a cervical pregnancy is often considered to be an ectopic pregnancy.

12 Mensurae embryonicae et fetales The norms for measurements of lengths, diameters and circumferences in mm and of weights in grams are given for each postfertilization week in Table A-4 in O'Rahilly R,
Müller F. Human Embryology & Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001.
13 Aetas a fecundiatione Fertilization age begins at the time of fertilization with the sperm penetrating the oocyte and the formation of the zygote. It is the true age of the conceptus and the preferred measure.
14 Aetas ab ovulatione Ovulation age begins on the day of the ovulation that preceded fertilization and the formation of the zygote: it is about 0.5 day longer than fertilization age.
15 Aetas ab inseminatione Insemination age begins when the sperm and oocyte are introduced in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization.
16 Hebdomades post coitum Coital weeks begin from the time of the coitus that resulted in the pregnancy. Normally, fertilization occurs early in the first coital week. Since the embryo does not exist for the first part
of the first coital week, the term coital age is inappropriate.
17 Hebdomades post menses ultimas Menstrual ("gestational") weeks begin from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period [LMP] before becoming pregnant and are the usual measure in obstetric practice.
Since the embryo does not usually come into being until the first two menstrual weeks have passed, the term menstrual “age” is inappropriate. The term gestational age is superfluous, ambiguous and should be
abandoned, it having been variously equated with menstrual weeks, ovulation age and fertilization age (O’Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos: Revised and New Measurements. Cells
Tissues Organs 2010;192:73-84).
18 Longitudo maxima Greatest length [GL] is the preferred measure of length, being independent of fixed points, which are not always easy to determine. GL coincides with crown-rump length [CRL] at Stages 11
and 12; GL is generally more than CRL and coincides with neck-rump length from Stages 13-17; GL and CRL again coincide from Stages 18-20 onwards (O’Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental Stages in Human
Embryos: Revised and New Measurements. Cells Tissues Organs 2010;192:73-84).
19 Gemini conjuncti See Spencer R. Conjoined twins. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2003. In conjoined twins, as elsewhere, convention has the suffixes –ia in Latin and –y in English indicating the
condition; the suffix –us, in either language, refers to an individual with that condition.
20 Genum a parente impressum Genomic imprinting occurs during meiosis II of gametogenesis and persists until the primary gametocyte stage in the next generation.
21 Polus animalis Being microlecithal, the human primary oocyte does not exhibit the obvious polarity characteristic of more richly yolked oocytes. It does, however, exhibit some degree of asymmetry in
distribution of cytoplasmic elements. The animal pole of the arrested secondary oocyte is identified by the position of the second meoitic spindle and the lack of microvilli on the cell membrane overlying it. After
fertilization, the animal pole of the ootid is characterized by the presence of the female and male pronuclei. There is no necessary relationship between the animal-vegetal axis and the future embryonic-
abembryonic (dorsoventral) axis. In some (but not all) mouse zygotes, the animal-vegetal axis corresponds to the long axis of the ellipsoid blastocyst and thus to the anteroposterior axis of the embryo. In these
cases the animal-vegetal axis is orthogonal to the embryonic-abembryonic axis (Selwood L, Johnson MH. Trophoblast and hypoblast in the monotreme, marsupial and eutherian mammal: evolution and origins.
BioEssays 2006;28:128-145).
22 Pellucidagenesis; Zonagenesis Although the term zonagenesis is widely used in zoology, it is not recommended as it lacks a locational adjective and could thus apply to any zone. Although the zona pellucida
cannot be seen with the light microscope before the primary ovarian follicle has developed, the heavily glycosylated proteins ZP 1-3 can be demonstrated in the oocytes and follicle cells of primordial follicles (Gook
DA, Edgar DH, Borg J and Martic M. Detection of zona pellucida proteins during human folliculogenesis. Hum Reprod 2008;23:394-402).
23 Regulatio The process by which the developmental fates or rates of development of cells of embryonic subsystems may change during embryonic development, thereby permitting normal integrated
development of the embryo as a whole and compensating for anomalies. It is the result of changes in gene expression; moreover, since the DNA sequence that comprises the genome remains unchanged during
the differentiation of systems, organs, tissues and cell-types, regulation is said to be an epigenetic process. The human zygote is said to be regulatory because in it the primordia of tissues and organs are not

determined at the outset but they become so according to the relation of different parts to one other. The term regulation is applied also at the genetic level: thus, regulatory genes control development by regulating
the switching on and off of structural genes that make proteins to build body parts and components.
24 Differentiatio cellularum in zygoto findenti Differentiation of the cells of the cleaving zygote into outer blastomeres, which are polarized, and inner blastomeres, which are not.
25 Polarisatio cellularum externarum Transformation of rounded, radially symmetrical outer blastomeres into highly asymmetric cells with the characteristics of epithelia. Longitudinal divisions of polarized cells are
conservative, resulting only in more polarized cells. Transverse divisions of polarized cells are differentiative, resulting in both embryoblastic cells and polarized cells. Cells remaining polarized give rise to
trophoblast (Johnson MH. Origin of pluriblast and trophoblast in the eutherian conceptus. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:699-709).
26 Divisio differentiativa embryoblasti; Divisio differentiativa massae cellularis internae; Divisio differentiativa pluriblasti Differentiation of the cells of the embryoblast, inner cell mass or pluriblast into the dorsal cells
of the epiblast and the ventral cells of the hypoblast, with a basal lamina between them.
27 Morphogenesis The development of shape, size or other feature of a particular organ or of a part or the whole of the body. “The word ‘morphogenesis’ is often used in a broad sense to refer to many aspects of
development, but when used strictly it should mean the moulding of cells and tissues into definite shapes” (Waddington CH. Principles of Embryology. London: George Allan & Unwin; 1956). In this strict sense, it
refers particularly to the wide-ranging phenomena associated with gastrulation and organogenesis and to local phenomena like budding, branching and clefting (Hogan BLM. Morphogenesis. Cell 1999;96:225-233).
28 Blastema An identifiable mass of rapidly proliferating undifferentiated cells that gives rise to a differentiated structure/organ.
29 Primordium A term applied to a structure making its first appearance as a differentiating structure. Anlage, from the German, is a synonym. It is now appreciated that, particularly in branching morphogenesis,
an epithelial primordium may be preceded by a mesenchymal primordium, which determines the pattern of arborization (Denny PC, Ball WD, Redman RS. Salivary glands: a paradigm for diversity of gland
development. Crit Rev Biol Med 1997;8:51-75).
30 Rudimentum; Vestigium These terms are not interchangeable: a rudiment (from the Latin rudimentum – that which is unwrought) is an underdeveloped or immature part or organ; a vestige (from the Latin
vestigium – that which is tracked) is a part or organ that has become reduced in function and/or size in the course of phylogeny; some vestiges, nevertheless, play an important part in ontogeny.
31 Status presumptivus The condition of a tissue, region or organ that will, in the course of normal development, become a morphologically differentiated tissue, region or organ. A structure may be presumptive
solely by virtue of its position or it may have undergone determination or chemodifferentiation but as yet shows no visible signs of differentiation.
32 Vestigium See endnote 30.
33 Formatio ansae See, for example: Männer J. The anatomy of cardiac looping: a step towards the understanding of the morphogenesis of several forms of congenital heart malformations (Clin Anat 2009;22:21-
35).
34 Formatio primaria corporis Primary body development involves the primary germ layers and neural plate more or less directly. It includes primary neurulation, the formation of somites 1-29, of spinal ganglia 1-
25, of the foregut, midgut and hindgut and of the corresponding part of the notochord.
35 Formatio secundaria corporis Secondary body development does not involve the germ layers: in it structures develop directly from the axial dense mesenchyme of the caudal eminence or tail bud, which is the
remnant of the primitive streak. It includes secondary neurulation, the formation of somites 30-39, of spinal ganglia 26-35, of the most caudal gut and of the corresponding part of the notochord.
36 Gastrulatio It has been said that the term gastrulation is inappropriate as it refers to the invagination of a monolayered blastula to form a bilayered gastrula containing an endoderm-lined archenteron (O'Rahilly
R and Müller F. Human embryology and teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wylie-Liss; 2001). While this was the original meaning of gastrulation, its meaning has undergone a profound change (Collins P and Billett FS.
The terminology of early development: history, concepts, and current usage. Clin Anat 1995;8:418-25). It may now be defined as the formative process by which the three germ layers and an axial organization are

established in embryos, a process that probably begins in the attaching human blastocyst [St.4], before the establishment of a definite primitive streak in Stage 6b (Viebahn C. The anterior margin of the mammalian
gastrula: comparative and phylogenetic aspects of its role in axis formation and head induction. Curr Top Dev Biol 1999;46:63-103).
37 Inflatio The ballooning model has succeeded the segmental model of heart chamber formation (Horsthuis T, Christoffels VM, Anderson RH, Moorman AFM. Can recent insights into cardiac development
improve our understanding of congenitally malformed hearts? Clin Anat 2009;22:4-20).
38 Invectio Introduction of material into a structure from outside. An example is the process by which material from the mesocardium is added to the venous and arterial poles of the early heart tube (Horsthuis T,
Christoffels VM, Anderson RH, Moorman AFM. Can recent insights into cardiac development improve our understanding of congenitally malformed hearts? Clin Anat 2009;22:4-20).
39 Maturatio Maturation may be defined as the progressive acquisition of definitive structure and function: its prenatal aspects, particularly, are within the compass of Terminologia Embryologica.
40 Morphogenesis gemmans Budding morphogenesis and the ensuing canalization have been most widely studied in the lung, kidney, mammary gland and salivary glands and the processes detailed for it are
generally followed elsewhere (Varner VD, Nelson CM. Cellular and physical mechanisms of branching morphogenesis. Development 2014;141:2750-2759).
41 Morphogenesis ramificans Branching morphogenesis is the process of forming organized patterns of epithelial cords and then tubules in organs such as the kidney, glands and lungs. It appears to be
determined by mesenchyme and regulated by a wide range of factors (Williams MJ, Clark P. Microscopic analysis of the cellular events during scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor-induced epithelial
tubulogenesis. J Anat 2003;203:483-503). The term tubulogenesis is not recommended in this context as the product is initially solid and only canalizes later.
42 Morphogenesis findens Clefting is the process in which a terminal bud is cleaved into multiple lobules with the ingrowth of mesenchyme and the deposition of extracellular matrix. In some organs, such as the
lung, budding, branching and clefting each occur at different stages of development, whereas in salivary glands clefting appears to predominate (Hogan BLM. Morphogenesis. Cell 1999;96:225-233).
43 Motus condensationis; Motus densationis Movement occurring in a morphogenetic field, called a densation field (Blechschmidt E, Gasser R. Biokinetics and biodynamics of human differentiation. Springfield:
Charles C Thomas; 1978). With loss of intercellular fluid, the cells come closer together. The first appearance of the skeleton is as mesenchymal condensations. The cells have rather spherical cell bodies and very
little intercellular substance present between them. They show no particular orientation which means that they are under tension stresses that are equal in all directions. A densation field is characterized by its
position.
44 Motus dilatationis Movement occurring in a morphogenetic field, called a dilation field (Blechschmidt E, Gasser R. Biokinetics and biodynamics of human differentiation. Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1978).
The field is spatially and kinetically highly organized. Dilation occurs in mesenchymal tissue when it becomes elongated and slenderized by pull in a particular direction without transverse compression. The
primordia of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle fibres and fibre systems arise in dilation fields. The shape of a muscle is closely related to its position while its structure is closely related to its shape.
45 Motus expansionis longitudinalis; Motus distusionalis Movement occurring in a morphogenetic field, called a distusion field (Blechschmidt E, Gasser R. Biokinetics and biodynamics of human differentiation.
Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1978). The spherical mesenchymal cells of a densation field become compressed by opposing forces in the longitudinal axis of the field. Initially, such zones of flattened cells are
located only in the centre of a field that has attained sufficient size. For example, cells in such a contusion field become disc-shaped and develop into cartilage cells.
46 Motio involutionis; Involutio The rolling-in of cells over a rim. In this context the term involutionary movement is preferred because of the different connotations of the term involution.
47 Motus translationis; Migratio When re-examined appropriately (Gasser RF. Evidence that some events in mammalian embryogenesis can result from differential growth, making migration unnecessary. Anat
Rec B New Anat.2006;289B:53-63), many examples of changing positional relations turn out not to be examples of true migration.Cell migration may be false or true. In false migration, structures do not move from
one site to another but their positional relationships change and they become separated as an embryo enlarges and changes shape. See, for example: Freeman B. The active migration of germ cells in the embryos
of mice and men is a myth (Reproduction 2003;125:635-643), which explains the relocation of primordial germ cells from the wall of the umbilical vesicle to that of the hindgut by growth movements and shape
changes. True migration, such as occurs in cytokinesisis in the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex, is the movement of cells, cell groups and organs from one site to another, among, around, through or over other
structures, in relation to a central reference point that moves minimally as the embryo enlarges or changes shape.

48 Neurulatio primaria Primary neurulation, as distinct from secondary neurulation, is the process entailing tubulation in which the neural plate folds and forms, in turn, a neural groove and then a neural tube,
which separates from the surface ectoderm. The process concludes with the closure of the caudal neuropore in Stage 12, at about the level of somites 31 (Müller F, O'Rahilly R. The first appearance of the neural
tube and optic primordium in the human embryo at stage 10. Anat Embryol 1985;172:157-69). The term primary neurulation is best confined to the process rather than applied to the phase of development in which
it occurs, which is best referred to as primary body development.
49 Neurulatio secundaria Secondary neurulation is the process entailing canalization that leads to the formation of the spinal cord beyond the limits of primary neurulation. It occurs after the closure of the caudal
neuropore in Stage 12, and thus in Stages 13-18. Axial dense mesenchyme in the caudal eminence forms a neural cord in continuity with the neural tube: the cavity in the neural tube extends into the neural cord
(Müller F, O'Rahilly R. The development of the human brain, the closure of the caudal neuropore, and the beginning of secondary neurulation at stage 12. Anat Embryol 1987;176:413-30). The term secondary
neurulation is best confined to the process rather than applied to the phase of development in which it occurs, which is best referred to as secondary body development.
50 Transitio epitheliomesenchymalis For sessile cells to become free and migrate they must undergo an epitheliomesenchymal transition, first becoming flask-shaped, with the dissolution of juxtaluminal junctions,
and then becoming frankly mesenchymal.
51 Transitio mesenchymoepithelialis Mesenchyme cells that have reached their destinations may condense and revert to sessile epithelial cells, by polarizing, developing basal laminae and specialized
juxtaluminal junctions. Some such epithelia may subsequently undergo an epitheliomesenchymal transition.
52 Ontogenesis Ontogenesis is defined here as the development of the individual, beginning at fertilization and ending at death. It thus covers the principal concerns of this terminology (embryogenesis,
fetogenesis and immediate postnatal development) but extends beyond them.
53 Tempus fetale The pregastrulation and postgastrulation phases of the embryonic period and the fetal period are stages of prenatal development, each with their own distinctive characteristics, particularly in
respect of their responses to teratogens. The fetal period is taken, somewhat arbitrarily, to begin on day 57, by which time the embryo has already acquired the distinctly human features that are apparent with the
unaided eye, and ends at birth, when the fetus becomes a newborn infant or neonate. The main events of organ formation having been completed by Carnegie Stage 23, the fetal period is mainly one of growth and
differentiation, particularly functional differentiation, in preparation for extra-uterine life. Notable in this context is the skeletal system, in which cartilaginous precursors are being replaced by bone, and the nervous
system, which is forming functional connections. Thus anomalies arising during this period entail disturbances of growth, of hard tissues and of neural connections.
54 Aetas fetalis Fetal age is usually given in weeks and is determined by the use of various starting points, of which only fertilization, insemination and ovulation are valid.
55 Tempus fetale initiale; fetus hebdomadis nonae ad hebdomadam tertiam decimam The early fetal period here corresponds to that of the 9 to 13 week fetus and ends at 90 days and about 90mm: the conclusion
of the “second sous-stade de finition histogénétique, de réglage des proportions” (Guyot R. Théorie nouvelle sur les âges de la vie. 2nd ed. Paris: Barré & Dayez; 1985) and probably the end of the first trimester.
There is, however, no agreement on precisely which weeks are encompassed by the first trimester. The attributes of fetuses have not been subjected to the same systematic, intensive investigation as have
embryos. Nevertheless, there are attributes other than size and weight that characterize progression during the early fetal period.
56 Tempus fetale intermedium; Fetus trimestris secundi The intermediate fetal period here corresponds to that of the second trimester fetus and thus begins at 90 days and about 90mm, after the conclusion of the
“second sous-stade de finition histogénétique, de réglage des proportions” (Guyot R. Théorie nouvelle sur les âges de la vie. 2nd ed. Paris: Barré & Dayez; 1985).
57 Tempus fetale serum; Fetus trimestri tertii The late fetal period corresponds to that of the third trimester fetus.
58 Tempus perinatale The perinatal period extends from immediately prior to birth, through birth and through the first 7 days of postnatal life, the early neonatal period.
59 Tempus neonatale The first 7 days after birth constitute the early neonatal period. The following 21 days of postnatal life constitute the late neonatal period, which thus ends with day 28.

60 Neotenia Neoteny in man is the retention of juvenile features in sexually mature adults when compared with other primates. It may be full or partial.
61 Paedomorphosis Paedomorphosis is exhibited in features such as the human flat face, position of the foramen magnum, retarded skeletal development and continuation of fetal growth rates into infancy and
childhood.
62 Fertilisatio post penetrationem spermatozoi Some of the features included in this section are inferred because they are common to all mammalian fertilization: others, such as Zonal reaction and Fertilization
cone, have been observed in the human as a result of in vitro fertilization.
63 Ootidium; Ovum; Embryo pronuclearis [Gradus Ib] The imprecise term ovum has been variously applied, alone or qualified, to stages from the primary oocyte to the implanting blastocyst and beyond. The use of
the more precise term is recommended. In mammals, it is the secondary oocyte, arrested in the metaphase of meiosis II, which is penetrated and thus best referred to as a penetrated oocyte until meiosis II has
been completed. Penetration activates the oocyte into completing meiosis II, with the formation of the ootid and the second polar body. The mammalian ootid contains two separate haploid elements, the female and
male pronuclei. As these two elements fuse into a single diploid aggregation of chromosomes, the ootid becomes a zygote.
64 Corpus polare secundum; Polocytus secundarius A line through the centres of the zygote and the second polar body defines the polar axis and indicates the plane of the first cleavage division (Veeck L L,
Zaninovic N. An atlas of human blastocysts. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group; 2003).
65 Numerus diploideus chromosomatum nonreplicatorum; Numerus diploideus chromosomatum nonreplicatorum This relates to the condition in the penetrated (or definitive) oocyte [2N].
66 Syngamia Traditionally, syngamy has meant sexual reproduction or, more specifically, the fusion of gametes. However, in in vitro fertilization it has come to describe a stage, beginning some 21-32 hr after
insemination, in which maternal and paternal chromosomes intermingle, although this is not easily discernible by ordinary microscopy (Sathananthan H, Trounson AO, Wood C. Atlas of fine structure of human
sperm penetration, eggs and embryos cultured in vitro. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1986).
67 Activatio prima genorum zygoticorum This first transcription produces only a minor population of mRNAs whereas the second transcription (ZGA2), in the two-celled embryo, produces a major population: most
maternal mRNA is degraded at this time although maternal proteins persist into the blastocyst stage (Selwood L, Johnson MH. Trophoblast and hypoblast in the monotreme, marsupial and eutherian mammal:
evolution and origins. BioEssays 2006;28:128-145); De Paepe C, Krivega M, Cauffman G, Geens M, van de Velde H. Totipotency and lineage segregation in the human embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2014;20:599-618).
68 Tempus embryonicum; Gradus carnegiensis [1-23] There are 23 defined stages of development during the embryonic period, which begins at fertilization and ends, somewhat arbitrarily, 56 days later, by which
time the embryo has already acquired uniquely human surface features that are apparent with the unaided eye. The stages are the internationally accepted Carnegie Stages (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental
stages in human embryos. Washington DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1987). Each Carnegie Stage is an arbitrarily defined cut through the time axis of the embryo and is based upon carefully-defined
external and internal morphological criteria and not length or age. Thus, embryos of a particular length or age are not necessarily embryos of a particular stage. Carnegie Stage cannot be assigned solely on the
basis of such measurements. See Dickey RP, Gasser RF. Ulltrasound evidence for variability in the size and development of normal human embryos before the tenth postinsemination week after assisted
reproductive technologies. Hum Reprod 1993;8:331-337; Wisser J, Dirschedl P, Krone S. Estimation of gestational age by transvaginal sonographic measurement of greatest embryonic length in dated human
embryos. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:457-462; Blaas HG-K, Eik-Nes SH, Kiserud T, Hellevik LR. Early development of the forebrain and midbrain: A longitudinal ultrasound study from 7 to 12 weeks of
gestation. Ultrasound Obstetr Gynecol 1994;16:25-29; Pooh RK, Kurjak A, eds Fetal Neurology. Jaypee, St.Louis; 2009; Pooh RK, Shiota K, Kurjak A. Imaging of the human embryo with magnetic resonance
imaging microscopy and high-resolution transvaginal 3-dimensional sonography: Human embryology in the 21st century. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:77.e1-77.e16.). See also O’Rahilly and Müller F, op.cit. for
further discussion of staging and for further references on ultrasound studies. Data have also been derived from MR studies on embryos from the Kyoto Collection of Embryos: Yamada S, Samtani RR, Lee ES,
Lockett E, Uwabe C, Shiota K, et al. Developmental atlas of the early first trimester human embryo. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1585-1595.
69 Embryo pregastrulationis [St.1 ad 6a] The term pregastrulation embryo is useful because such an embryo has distinctive attributes. The foreshortened term “pre-embryo”, which has been used in legal and
clinical contexts, is not recommended.
70 Spatium subzonale; Spatium subcapsulare The commonly used term perivitelline space is inappropriate for the space surrounding the human oocyte, which is deficient in yolk (Latin - vitellus).

71 Reactio zonalis; Reactio capsularis This and other items with the superscript IVF on the English side are observed in in vitro fertilization studies.
72 Degradatio mitochondriorum paternalium See Sutovsky P, Van Leyen K, McCauley T, Day BN, Sutovsky M. Degradation of paternal mitochondria after fertilization: implications for heteroplasmy, assisted
reproductive technologies and mtDNA inheritance. Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA. SutovskyP@missouri.edu, Reprod Biomed Online. 2004 Jan;8(1):24-33.
73 Intercorpus The interbody is a prominent intracytoplasmic electron-dense contractile structure in the equatorial plane of the second meiotic spindle, extending from the penetrated oocyte into the extruding
second polar body. Fine electron-dense particles of unknown chemical nature are associated with spindle microtubules and the interbody represents the site of detachment of the second polar body and
reconstitution of the cell membranes of the embryo and second polar body.
74 Zygotum findens [Gradus II] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 2 consist of between 2 and about 32 cells but have no blastocystic cavity by light microscopy. They are generally 0.1-0.2mm in diameter and about 2-3
days old.
75 Morula Stage 2 embryos from 12 to about 32 cells and without a blastocystic cavity are called morulae (from Latin Morus, mulberry). The term is not ideal because, unlike the amphibian morula, for which the
term was coined, the human morula gives rise to extra-embryonic as well as embryonic tissues. Nevertheless, when the number of blastomeres cannot be counted, there is no other term to describe the solid mass
that precedes the formation of the blastocystic cavity.
76 Cellula externa morulae; Cellula trophoblastica presumptiva; Cellula polarisata; Polarblastus The outer cells of the morula are polarized and are asymmetrical cells with the characteristics of epithelia. Their
longitudinal divisions are conservative and result only in more polarized cells. Their transverse divisions are differentiative and result in both unpolarized embryoblastic cells and polarized cells. Cells remaining
polarized become trophoblast (Johnson MH. Origin of pluriblast and trophoblast in the eutherian conceptus. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:699-709). The term polarblast appropriately describes the tissue.
77 Cellula interna morulae; Cellula embryoblastica presumptiva; Pluriblastus initialis The inner cells of the morula are unpolarized and remain rounded and radially symmetrical. Their divisions are conservative and
result only in more unpolarized cells. They will become the embryoblast or inner cell mass. The term pluriblast (Johnson MH. Origin of pluriblast and trophoblast in the eutherian conceptus. Reprod Fertil Dev
1996;8:699-709) recognizes the fact that its derivatives are both extra-embryonic or adnexal and embryonic or cyemic.
78 Blastocystis libera [Gradus III] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 3 are free blastocysts with a blastocystic cavity by light microscopy. They consist of up to 90 cells, of which about 30 are inner cell mass cells. They
are about 4-5 days old and are generally 0.1-0.2mm in diameter.
79 Embryoblastus; Massa cellularis interna; Pluriblastus serior The term embryoblast is widely used although the derivatives of this tissue are both extra-embryonic or adnexal and embryonic or cyemic. The term
inner cell mass is also used but cannot be used as a comparative term as the corresponding cells are not inner in many, if not all, marsupials (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in
mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-64). The term pluriblast has neither of these disadvantages.
80 Epithelium primordiale The tissues of the pre-implantation embryo proper are all epithelial in that their cells are sessile, are polarized between a free surface and a basal lamina and they have specialized
juxtaluminal junctions and little intercellular substance. Daughter cells may be epithelial or, as a result of epitheliomesenchymal transition, become mesenchymal (see below).
81 Epiblastus The term epiblast is preferred for this tissue as it provides appropriate information about its site, fate and potential. Primary ectoderm is less preferred both because the term has been used to include
amnioblast and because current usage postpones the use of the suffix -derm until after gastrulation (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-
64). Alternatives that include the term ectoderm, the use of which should be limited to the cells remaining on the dorsal surface of the embryo after the early somite stage, are not recommended.
82 Hypoblastus The term hypoblast is preferred for this tissue as it provides appropriate information about its site, fate and potential. It appears to induce the formation of the primordial amniotic cavity
(Coucouvanis E, Martin GR. Signals for death and survival: a two-step mechanism for cavitation in the vertebrate embryo. Cell 1995;83:279-287) and of axial patterning in the epiblast, including the forebrain
(Beddington RSP, Robertson EP. Axis development and early asymmetry in mammals. Cell 1999;96:195-209). The term primary endoderm is less preferred both because the term has been used to include the

extra-embryonic endoblast and because current usage postpones the use of the suffix -derm until after gastrulation (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev
1996;8:759-64). Other alternatives that include the term endoderm are not recommended.
83 Mesenchyma A tissue consisting of free cells without polarity or specialized juxtaluminal junctions. The loosely arranged, often stellate, cells are suspended in a gelatinous matrix and are amoeboid and actively
phagocytic. As they migrate their processes make temporary contact with each other, with overlying epithelial cells and with their basal laminae. The outcome of eptheliomesenchymal transition is that there are two
types of tissue, namely, epithelial and mesenchymal. These tissue types do not correspond to the primary germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm [q.v.].
84 Cavitas blastocystica The term blastocystic cavity is recommended, rather than blastocoel, because the cavity is not homologous with the blastocoel of amphibians and birds, the homologue of which is "the
very narrow slit confined between the epiblast and hypoblast" (Eyal-Giladi H. Establishment of the axis in chordates: facts and speculations. Development 1997;124:2285-2296).
85 Trophoblastus; Trophoectoderma The term trophoblast is preferred for this tissue, which is defined as the earliest appearing stem cell population dedicated to nourishment of future embryonic tissues. Its cells
are adhesive, migratory and, initially, multinucleate. They appear, at least in the mouse, to signal the specification of primordial germ cells and the allantois in the caudal epiblast (Lawson KA, Dunn NR, Roelen BA,
Zeinstra LM, Davies AM, Wright CV, Corving JP, Hogan BL. Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 1999;13:424-436). The term trophectoderm and its
variants are not recommended because current usage postpones the use of the suffix -derm until after gastrulation (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev
1996;8:759-64). Alternatives that include the term ectoderm, the use of which should be limited to the cells remaining on the dorsal surface of the embryo after the early somite stage, are not recommended.
86 Blastocystis unilaminaris [Gradus III] The cavity of a unilaminar blastocyst is surrounded by a single layered extra-embryonic ectodermal membrane, the trophoblast; in the bilaminar blastocyst, the trophoblast
is lined by extra-embryonic endoblast; the interposition of extra-embryonic mesoderm creates the trilaminar blastocyst.
87 Insignia miscellanea cellularum trophoblastorum nondifferentiatarum These miscellaneous features have only been observed in vitro. Similar observations on the differentiated trophoblast are not readily
available.
88 Blastocystis adhaerens [Gradus IV] An embryo of Carnegie Stage 4 is an attaching blastocyst but no such in vivo human specimen has been recorded. Previously reliance was placed on those of the macaque
(Heuser CH, Streeter GL. Development of the macaque embryo. Contrib Embryol 1941;29:15-55) but direct information about Stage 4 is now derived from in vitro experiments in which blastocysts are placed on
monolayers of cultured endometrial epithelial cells. Embryos of Stage 4 would be about 6 days old and about 0.1-0.2mm in diameter.
89 Cavitas amniotica primordialis It appears that a primordial amniotic cavity forms by cavitation within the epiblast, that the roof of the primordial amniotic cavity breaks down creating a transient tropho-epiblastic
cavity and that the definitive amniotic cavity becomes roofed by cells that arise from the margins of the epiblast. There is no primordial amniotic cavity in embryos of Stage 3 and while most embryos of Stage 5a
have a tropho-epiblastic cavity, the “earliest known human implantation stage” (Carnegie No 8020) has a primordial amniotic cavity (Luckett WP.The development of primordial and definitive amniotic cavities in early
Rhesus monkey and human embryos. Am J Anat 1975;144:149-168). It is therefore presumed that for most embryos a primordial amniotic cavity occurs in Stage 4.
90 Blastocystis implantata; Blastocystis invadens; Conceptus previllosus [St.5] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 5 are implanted but previllous blastocysts. Their trophoblast is solid in Stage 5a, contains isolated
lacunae in Stage 5b and contains intercommunicating lacunae in Stage 5c. The embryonic disc in embryos of Stage 5, which are about 7-12 days old, is generally 0.1-0.2mm in diameter.
91 Margo syncytiodecidualis The endometrium responds to the presence of syncytiotrophoblast by undergoing the predecidual reaction, characterized by oedema and then saw–toothed glands, particularly in the
stratum spongiosum. It is thenceforward called decidua.
92 Cavitas trophoepiblastica The trophoepiblastic cavity is apparently formed by the breakdown of the roof of the primordial amniotic cavity. See above.
93 Amnioblastus; Cellulae amniogenicae; Ectoderma amnioticum The term amnioblast is preferred for this tissue as it provides appropriate information about its site, fate and potential. Extra-embryonic ectoderm is
least preferred because current usage postpones the use of the suffix -derm until after gastrulation (Johnson MH and Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-64).
Alternatives that include the suffix -derm are not recommended.

94 Primordium marginis caudalis lineae primitivae; Primordium marginis caudalis lineae gastrulationis / Margo caudalis lineae primitivae precoquis; Margo caudalis lineae gastrulationis precoquis “The epiblast at
the future caudal end of the embryonic disc is flexed dorsally and exhibits an alteration and loosening of its epithelium basally. An accumulation of more loosely associated cells appears to be continuous with, and
derived from, the ventral surface of the epiblast. This modification of the epiblast is interpreted as the precociously differentiated caudal margin of the primitive streak” (Luckett WP. Origin and differentiation of the
yolk sac and extraembryonic mesoderm in presomite human and rhesus monkey embryos. Am J Anat 1979;152:59-98).
95 Area caudalis mesoblastogenica An area at the future caudal margin of the epiblast, which precedes the appearance of a definite primitive streak [St.6b]. Extra-embryonic mesoblast is thought to arise from this
area rather than by delamination from the trophoblast.
96 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus The term mesoblast is preferred for this tissue because it provides appropriate information on its site, fate and potential. Lankester used the term to describe those cells, which
he thought derived from enteric cells (extra-embryonic endoblast), separated, spread out, became amoebiform and “crawled all over the inner wall of the ectodermic vesicle (blastocoele or blastocystic cavity)
(Lankester R. Notes on the embryology and classification of the animal kingdom. Q J Microscop Sci 1877;17:399-454). A term is necessary to describe the tissues found outside the extra-embryonic endoblast and
inside the trophoblast before gastrulation and the use of the suffix -blast is a corollary of current usage (Johnson MH, Selwood L. Nomenclature of early development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-64).
The qualifying adjective extra-embryonic is necessary because the term mesoblast has been used to describe the free cells that migrate between the epiblast and intra-embryonic endoderm (Collins P, Billett FS.
The terminology of early development: history, concepts, and current usage. Clin Anat 1995;8:418-25) and to denote a temporary, embryonic cell lineage, which will later generate either an epithelial or a free-cell
arrangement (Collins P. Embryology and development. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek J, Ferguson MWJ, editors. Gray’s Anatomy 38th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;
1995).
97 Textus angioblasticus mesoblasti / Crista previllosa mesoblasti Extra-embryonic mesoblastic tissues produced from the epiblast before gastrulation.
98 Reticulum extraembryonicum; Magma reticulare Extra-embryonic mesoblast produced, initially from the hypoblast, before gastrulation. At least in the rhesus monkey, the cells of both the hypoblast and the
initial reticulum are mitotically active (Enders AC, King BF. Formation and differentiation of extraembryonic mesoderm in the rhesus monkey. Am J Anat 1988;181:327-340) so that later reticulum may have arisen
from either source.
99 Endoblastus extraembryonicus; Membrana exocoelomica The term endoblast is preferred for this tissue as it provides appropriate information about its site, fate and potential. The term primary endoderm is
least preferred both because it applies also to the hypoblast and also because current usage postpones the use of the suffix -derm until after gastrulation (Johnson MH, Selwood L. Nomenclature of early
development in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 1996;8:759-64). Other alternatives that include the term endoderm are not recommended.
100 Vesicula umbilicalis primaria / Saccus vitellinus primarius; Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis primariae / Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii; Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria / Saccus vitellinus secundarius; Cavitas
vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae / Cavitas sacci vitellini secundarii The term umbilical vesicle, which has been in use for many years, is preferred because yolk (Latin vitellus) is not present in the human vesicle
and because the term indicates location, the vesicle being a feature of the umbilical region of the embryo and becoming, at least partially, incorporated into the umbilical cord.
101 Circulus lacunosus vascularis The lacunar vascular circle is visible from the endometrial surface.
102 Lamina prechordalis precoqua “The first clear evidence of a (rostro)caudal embryonic axis appears [at Stage 5c] as a pronounced thickening of the [hypoblast] at the future cranial end of the embryonic disc to
form a prechordal plate.” (Luckett WP. Origin and differentiation of the yolk sac and extraembryonic mesoderm in presomite human and rhesus monkey embryos. Am J Anat 1979;152:59-98). However, this
thickening may not correspond to the prechordal plate but to the extra-embryonic rostral visceral endoderm or rostral marginal crescent found in other mammals (Viebahn C.The anterior margin of the mammalian
gastrula: comparative and phylogenetic aspects of its role in axis formation and head induction. Curr Top Dev Biol 1999;46:63-103). The prechordal plate proper may not appear until Stage 7.
103 Polus rostralis embryonis Although rostrum means a beak, a snout or the prow of a ship, rostral is commonly used as the opposite of caudal, particularly before the appearance of cephalic structures in Stage
8 or cranial structures in Stage 13, but also thereafter: it is also used in neuroanatomy to mean nearer the rostrum of the corpus callosum in the unfolded nervous system.

104 Polus cephalicus embryonis Cephalic is a positional term that may appropriately be used in Stage 8 and thereafter, when there is a presumptive brain.
105 Latus dextrum embryonis Although the sides of the embryo can be recognized and cranial patterning occurs in Stage 5, it is not until Stage 6b, with the formation of the primitive node, that the molecular basis
for left-right asymmetry is established.
106 Conceptus villosus [Gradus VI] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 6 are villous conceptuses. There may be the suggestion of a primitive streak in embryos of Stage 6a or earlier, but one is definitely present in
embryos of Stage 6b. The embryonic discs of embryos of Stage 6 are generally about 0.2mm in diameter and they are about 17 days old.
107 Chorion frondosum The predecidual reaction around embryos of Carnegie Stage 5 becomes a full-blown decidual reaction around embryos of Carnegie Stage 6, with the transformation of stromal cells into
decidual cells: they become rounded or polyhedral and glycogen, lipids and mitochondria accumulate within their vacuolated cytoplasm.
108 Vasculogenesis Formation of a primordial capillary network from cells that differentiatie locally: they may be invading angioblasts (Risau W, Flamme I. Vasculogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995:11;79-91)
or be endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which differentiate in splanchnopleuric mesenchyme or its derivatives.
109 Mesenchyma capitis Head mesenchyme is listed as present in embryos from Stage 6b onwards in the Edinburgh atlas and database of human developmental anatomy.
http://www.ana.ed.ac.uk/anatomy/database/humat/ but the primary source of the listing is not known. Its presence in embryos of Stage 7 may be inferred from Hill JP, Florian J. A young human embryo (embryo
Dobbin) with head-process and prechordal plate (Phil Trans Roy Soc London B 1931;219:443-486).
110 Linea primitive / Linea gastrulationis; Nodus primitivus / Nodus gastrulationis; Sulcus primitivus / Sulcus gastrulationis The terms primitive streak/node/groove are widely used but may be misuses of the term
primitive, which more usually refers to phylogeny rather than ontogeny. The alternative terms, gastrulation streak / node / groove, do not have this anomaly and, from a functional viewpoint, are more informative.
111 Mesoderma embryonicum; Mesoblastus These terms describe the intermediate germ layer of the trilaminar embryo, which will form bone, muscle and connective and blood-vascular tissues. Experimental
studies suggest that cells ingressing through the rimitive node and the rostral part of the primitive streak give rise to paraxial mesoderm and those through the middle part give rise to lateral plate mesoderm. The
qualifying adjective embryonic is necessary as long as terms such as primary mesoderm remain in use. The term mesoblast has been used (Collins P. Embryology and development. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH,
Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek J, Ferguson MWJ, editors. Gray’s Anatomy 38th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995 and subsequent editions). However, the use of the suffix -derm for a germ layer
produced by gastrulation is preferred and has that restricted use here : the parts of the germ layer are paraxial and lateral plate mesoderms; their derivatives are either epithelial or mesenchymal and are named
accordingly.
112 Endoderma embryonicum The term describes the ventral germ layer of the trilaminar embryo, which will form the epithelium of the gut, including the prechordal plate, and many of their derivatives. These
possibly include prechordal mesenchyme but this may be of notochordal origin. Experimental studies suggest that the first cells ingressing through the primitive node give rise to notochord and embryonic endoderm,
which will form the roof of the secondary umbilical vesicle, displacing the cells of the hypoblast laterally into its walls. The qualifying adjective embryonic is necessary as long as terms such as primary endoderm
remain in use.
113 Lamina prechordalis The prechordal plate may not appear until Stage 7: certainly in Stage 8 it is “a highly developed mesendodermal mass [in which cells resemble either endoderm or mesenchyme] in
contact with the floor of the neural groove”. At stages 9 and 10, the plate is related to neuromere D1. Lateral growth at stages 9-11 gives rise to the bilateral premandibular condensations (Müller F, O'Rahilly R. The
prechordal plate, the rostral end of the notochord and nearby median features in staged human embryos. Cells Tissues Organs 2003;173:1-20). Prechordal mesenchyme does not become truly plate-like until Stage
9 and some would thus say that the prechordal plate appears in Stage 9.
114 Diverticulum allantoicum; Ductus allantoicus Several examples of “allantoic diverticula” have been reported in embryos of Stage 6. Nevertheless, “it is difficult to find a convincing example of an allanto-enteric
diverticulum at Stage 6” (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental stages in human embryos. Washington DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1987).

115 Cellula germinalis precursoria An embryo of Stage 6b showed a marked concentration of glycogen in the extra-embryonic endoderm of the secondary yolk sac and some of the cells may be primordial germ
cells (Hertig AT, Adams EC, McKay DG, Rock J, Mulligan WJ, Menkin MF. A thirteen-day human ovum studied histochemically. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;76:1025-1043). Experimental studies suggest that cells
originating in a caudal part of the epiblast, ingress through a caudal part of the primitive streak and migrate into the extra-embryonic endoderm of the secondary yolk sac.
116 Embryo postgastrulationis [St.6b ad 23] The pregastrulation and postgastrulation phases of the embryonic period and the fetal period are stages of prenatal development, each with its own distinctive
characteristics, particularly in respect of its responses to teratogens. In postgastrulation embryos the main events of organ formation occur. These entail delicate and complex tissue interactions that are particularly
susceptible to teratogens, which have dramatic effects upon morphology. Palate and lips, eyes, ears, brain, spinal cord and heart are all highly susceptible. Susceptibility diminishes as the main events of organ
formation are completed by Carnegie Stage 23.
117 Embryo cum processu notochordali [Gradus VII]; Embryo cum processu axiali Gradus VII]; Embryo cum chordomesoderma Gradus VII] Each embryo of Carnegie Stage 7 has a notochordal process
immediately rostral to its primitive node and streak. The embryos are generally about 0.4mm in diameter and about 19 days old.
118 Cardo chordoneuralis; Punctum chordoneurale cardinis Once the primitive node has started to form, gene expression centred on it becomes asymmetrical and the molecular basis for left-right asymmetry is
established. For a review of the first description by Hensen, see: Viebahn C. Hensen’s node. Genesis 2001: 29;96-103. See also: Müller F, O'Rahilly R. The primitive streak, the caudal eminence and related
structures in staged human embryos (Cells Tissues Organs; 177:2-20:2004); Charrier J, Teillet M, Lapointe F, Le Douarin N. Defining subregions of Hensen's node essential for caudalward movement, midline
development and cell survival (Development 1999; 126:4771-4783); Cambray, N, Wilson, V. Axial progenitors with extensive potency are localised to the mouse chordoneural hinge (Development 2002; 129:4855-
66).
119 Canalis neurentericus The neurenteric canal is a temporary passage between the amniotic cavity and the umbilical vesicle. It develops during Stage 8 and is constant (whether patent or not). It is most clearly
visible at Stage 9 and has almost disappeared at Stage 10 (Müller F, O’Rahilly R. The primitive streak, the caudal eminence and related structures in staged human embryos. Cells Tissues Organs 2004;177:2-20).
120 Embryo presomiticus [St.8] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 8 are late presomite embryos. They are generally 1-1.5mm in greatest length and about 23 days old. The term presomite embryo is sometimes applied
more generically to include also Stages 6-8 but this usage is not recommended. Originally, phases were not ascribed to Stage 8 (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. Developmental stages in human embryos. Washington DC:
Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1987). However, only advanced specimens show a neural groove: in the same specimens the floor of the notochordal process is breaking down and a notochordal plate is
present (O'Rahilly R, Müller F.The first appearance of the human nervous system at stage 8. Anat Embryol 1981;163:1-13). These distinct phases are recognised here by the use of the terms Presomite embryo
without neural groove [St.8a] and Presomite embryo with neural groove [St.8b].
121 Fovea primitive The term primitive pit is widely used but may be a misuse of the term primitive, which more usually refers to phylogeny rather than ontogeny. The term notochordal pit does not have this
anomaly and is more informative.
122 Ectoderma embryonicum The term describes the dorsal germ layer of the somite embryo, which will form the epithelium of the skin and nervous system and their derivatives. Experimental studies suggest
that, after obvious primitive streak activity ceases, epiblastic cells continue to ingress through the most caudal part of the primitive streak until the early somite stage. They form axial dense mesenchyme and thence
become the endoderm and mesoderm of more caudal parts in secondary body development. The cells remaining on the dorsal surface of the embryo thereafter constitute the embryonic ectoderm. The qualifying
adjective embryonic is necessary as long as terms such as primary ectoderm remain in use.
123 Somitomerum Somitomeres are paired whorls of mesenchymal cells that appear metamerically in paraxial mesoderm before the appearance of epithelial somites. Somitomeres form in strict craniocaudal
sequence beginning in the head where they subsequently contribute to head mesenchyme. Elsewhere, they condense, epithelialise and form somites. They have been found in all amniote embryos that have been
examined by stereo scanning electron microscopy (Jacobson AG. Somites and head mesoderm arise from somitomeres. In: Sanders EJ, Lash JW, Ordahl CP. Eds. The origin and fate of somites. Amsterdam: IOS
Press; 2001).
124 Zona junctionalis mesenchymalis The bar of mesenchyme where somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesenchymes meet and which separates the embryonic and extra-embryonic coeloms on each side of
the Stage 9 embryo. It breaks down, allowing them to communicate, in Stage 10.

125 Tuberculum coccygeum In Stage 20 the vestigial caudal eminence or tail bud is reduced to two transient midline tubercles, caudal to the anal pit: the coccygeal tubercle, which is nearer to the pit, is produced
by the underlying tip or dorsum of the coccyx and will become submerged; and the caudal tubercle, which is further from the pit (see below).
126 Tuberculum caudale In Stage 20 the caudal tubercle (see above) is produced by vestiges of the nonvertebrated part of the caudal eminence or tail bud and may become cystic.
127 Mesenchyma intermedium; Mesoderma intermedium The tissue primarily responsible for the formation of the kidneys and internal genitalia and their ducts. Experimental studies suggest that intermediate
mesoderm in amniotes arises from the middle of the primitive streak distal to somite origin and proximal to lateral plate mesoderm origin. The term intermediate mesenchyme is thus more appropriate than the
commonly used intermediate mesoderm.
128 Cellulae antecedentes The term antecedent cell is used here solely in a generic sense and without any specific connotation. The term precursor is not used in a generic sense, to avoid confusion with the
specific term cellula precursoria, a synonym for the official term for stem cell, cellula staminalis.
129 Potestas totalis Totipotency is the capacity (a) to form all cell lineages, embryonic and extra-embryonic, and (b) to self-organise, i.e., to form the body axis and the basic body plan (e.g., zygote; blastomere).
130 Potestas pluralis Pluripotency is the capacity to form either all embryonic or all extra-embryonic cell lineages (e.g., cells of the inner cell mass or pluripotent stem cells).
131 Potestas multiplex Multipotency is the capacity to form multiple cell types of one cell lineage (e.g., cells of one germ layer; somatic adult stem cells).
132 Potestas una Unipotency is the capacity of adult stem cells to form only one cell type (e.g., haematopoietic stem cells; spermatogonia).
133 Formabilitas Plasticity is the ability of a specific stem cell population to transdifferentiate, i.e, to switch to a stem cell population with a different differentiation potential.
134 Cellula primordialis A primordial cell is totipotent; the zygote and its immediate progeny are primordial cells.
135 Cellula fundatoria Founder cells are capable of contributing to the establishment of one or more cell populations.
136 Cellula progenitalis; Cellula proprecursoria A prestem cell is capable of contributing to the establishment of one or more stem cell populations.
137 Cellula staminalis; Cellula precursoria A stem cell is a constituent of a population that is capable of maintaining its own size while exporting an appropriate output of progeny to one or more cell lineages. The
term Cellula staminalis was adopted by FIPATas the preferred term.
138 Cellulae multipotentes et unipotentes Cells are here usually listed according to both their derivation and their potential: an exception is the epidermal neural crest cell stem cell [eNCSC], which is derived from
epidermis but is capable of giving rise to neural crest cells.
139 Cellula staminalis germinalis An embryo of Stage 6b showed a marked concentration of glycogen in the extra-embryonic endoderm of the secondary yolk sac and some of the cells may be primordial germ
cells (Hertig AT, Adams EC, McKay DG, Rock J, Mulligan WJ, Menkin MF. A thirteen-day human ovum studied histochemically. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;76:1025-1043).
140 Factores crescentiae The factors listed here are only representative but all are known to be active in normal embryogenesis and specific congenital anomalies are known to be associated with disturbances of
them (TGF-α). Whether or not these criteria are appropriate and whether or not other growth factors should be included here is debatable. The number of growth factors and their families that have been identified
continues to increase as does knowledge of their activities.

141 Factores transcriptionis Transcription factors are proteins that interact with specific DNA sequences to enable transcription to occur. Their number is enormous and there is no obvious way to limit their
numbers in a way that would permit their inclusion here. A transcription factor classification may be found at http://www.gene-regulation.com/pub/databases/transfac/cl.html. Again, what should be included in a
terminology that is primarily structure- and time-related is debatable but for the present it is felt that it is appropriate to include the sections headed Induction and interaction growth factors as well as this footnote.
142 Crista neuralis Cells of the primary neural crest separate from the neurosomatic ectodermal junction to give rise to the mesencephalic, rhombencephalic and spinal neural crest down to S1. Following
secondary neurulation, cells delaminate from the surface of the secondary neural tube and give rise to spinal neural crest beyond S1 (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. The development of the neural crest in the human. J Anat
2007;211:335-351). Neural crest is here divided according to the adjacent part of the brain. The term circumpharyngeal neural crest is not used as it describes a migration route to the pharyngeal region, the outflow
tract of the heart and great vessels and much of the gut-associated crest derivatives. Furthermore, it is said to be in the posterior rhombencephalic region but the crest for the first two pharyngeal arches is mainly
associated with rhombomeres 2 and 4.
143 Structurae cristae neuralis Neural crest tissue is dealt with under General histogenesis because of the wide range and distribution of its derivatives outside the nervous system. Groups of cells, which behave
in a similar manner but arise from some placodes and by delamination from the optic and otic vesicles are classified here as neural crest-like cells. Neural crest cells and neural crest-like cells meld seamlessly into
neural crest complexes and are no longer morphologically distinguishable (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. The development of the neural crest in the human. J Anat 2007;211:335-351). Here the term neural crest is used in
sensu stricto and the term neural crest complex recognizes the dual lineage of its component cells.
144 Complexus cristae neuralis nasalis The nasal neural crest complex develops from the epithelium of the nasal placodes in Stage 13 and migrates towards the telencephalon, reaching it in Stage 15, at which
stage complex-derived olfactory fibres enter the region of the future olfactory bulb.
145 Complexus cristae neuralis opticae The optic neural crest complex develops from the optic primordium in Stages 11 and 12 at the level of Diencephalon 1 and is the only forebrain-derived neural crest-like
tissue.
146 Cellula staminalis cornealis Corneal stem cells come from the corneoscleral junction.
147 Complexus cristae neuralis mesencephalicae The mesencephalic neural crest complex appears at Stage 9 and at Stage 11 spreads out towards the frontonasal region where it mingles with the optic neural
crest complex.
148 Crista neuralis isthmica Neural crest cells, seen in the roof of the isthmic rhombomere in Stage 13, appear to be destined more for the leptomeninges than for the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal
nerve.
149 Complexus cristae neuralis trigeminalis At Stage 10 neural crest cells migrate mainly from future rhombomere 2 but with contributions from adjacent future rhombomeres and with neural crest-like cells from
the overlying ectoderm form the trigeminal neural crest complex.
150 Complexus cristae neuralis faciovestibulocochlearis At Stage 11 some cells from the otic vesicle, representing the primordial vestibular ganglion, attach to the facial neural crest. At Stage 14 afferent fibres to
the geniculate ganglion and efferent fibres from the vestibular ganglion distinguish between the two parts; at Stage 15 the smaller primordial cochlear ganglion cells appear and fibres are present at Stage 16.
151 Complexus cristae neuralis facialis At Stage 10 neural crest cells migrate mainly from rhombomere 4 but with contributions from adjacent rhombomeres and with neural crest-like cells from the overlying
ectoderm form the facial neural crest complex.
152 Ossiculae auditus (partim) Thompson et al. suggested that the mesenchyme of the auditory ossicles may also originate as a whole or in part from the neural crest. (Thompson H, Ohazama A, Sharpe PT,
Tucker AS. The origin of the stapes and relationship to the otic capsule and oval window. Dev Dyn 2012;241:1396-1404.)

153 Complexus cristae neuralis oticae Neural crest-like cells migrate from the otic placode at Stage 10 and, becoming attached to the facial neural crest complex, represent the primordial vestibular ganglion. The
cochlear ganglion is recognizable at Stage 15.
154 Complexus cristae neuralis glossopharyngealis; Complexus cristae neuralis vagalis At Stage 10 neural crest cells migrate mainly from the roof of rhombomere 6 and probably from adjacent rhombomeres and
meld with neural crest-like cells from the overlying ectoderm to form part of a continuous glossopharyngeal/vagal neural crest complex. In Stage 13, the glossopharyngeal and vagal parts separate and each
develops superior and inferior ganglia, of which only the superior ganglia are believed to be derived from neural crest per se.
155 Crista neuralis cardiaca At Stage 12 some neural crest cells from rhombomeres 6 and 7, which are in continuity ventrally with the hypoglossal neural crest, proceed via pharyngeal arches towards the truncus
arteriosus; at Stage 13 they are joined by neural crest and neural crest-like cells and, continuing beyond the inferior glossopharyngeal and vagal ganglia, migrate into the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches; these
components are interpreted as human cardiac neural crest tissue.
156 Cartilagines laryngeae The Vagal neural crest complex does not contribute to all of the laryngeal cartilages.
157 Aa. arcuum pharyngeorum The terms pharyngeal arch artery / arteries are preferred to those of aortic arch/es to avoid confusion with the definitive aortic arch.
158 Crista neuralis nervi accessorii At Stage 12 neural crest cells from rhombomere 7 migrate and form the neural crest of the accessory nerve, which, by Stage 13, extends uninterruptedly between the vagal
neural crest and the spinal neural crest.
159 Crista neuralis hypoglossalis; Crista neuralis occipitalis In Stage 10 neural crest cells migrate from rhombomere 8 and spread between occipital somites where they mingle with myotomic cells to form the
hypoglossal cell cord; at Stage 12 the cord has reached the 1st pharyngeal arch; and by Stage 16 it has reached the lateral lingual swelling.
160 Crista neuralis spinalis The spinal leptomeninges, mesenchyme of the neck, trunk and lower limb dermis and adipocytes were formerly attributed to the spinal neural crest but are now known to be derived
from somites (Christ B, Huang R, Scaal M. Amniote somite derivatives. Dev Dyn 2007;236:2382-2396).The traditional distinction between trunk and lumbosacral spinal neural crest seems inappropriate because the
trunk lumbar and 1st sacral spinal neural crest all form in the same way, whereas the remaining sacral and coccygeal spinal neural crest, which form after the caudal neuropore closes at Stage 12, do so by direct
outgrowth from the secondary neural tube. The caudal limit of the spinal neural crest descends with each Stage, as does the formation of primordial spinal ganglia, which lie at somite 19 at Stage 13 and 33 at Stage
14.
161 Via migrationis dorsolateralis Dorsolateral migration from the spinal neural crest passes between the surface ectoderm and the dermatomyotome.
162 Via migrationis ventrolateralis Ventrolateral migration from the spinal neural crest passes between the dermatomyotome and the sclerotome.
163 Via migrationis ventromedialis Ventromedial migration from the spinal neural crest passes between the sclerotome and the neural tube.
164 Mesenchyma somatopleurale Together with ectoderm, somatopleuric mesenchyme makes up the body wall. The unqualified term somatopleure is not recommended because it is ambiguous, having been
used to mean either the whole thickness of the body wall or only its mesenchymal component
165 Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Together with endoderm, the splanchnopleuric mesenchyme makes up the walls of the gut-related viscera. The unqualified term splanchnopleure is not recommended
because it is ambiguous, having been used to mean either the whole thickness of the visceral wall or only its mesenchymal component.
166 Cellula adipocytoprogenetrix Adipose tissue not only develops from mesenchyme from various sources but also from fat cell progenitors derived from granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFU).

167 Cellula osteoclastoprogenetrix The osteoclast progenitor cell is a multipotent mononuclear stem cell, which is derived from bone marrow and gives rise to monocytes in peripheral blood and to the various types
of tissue macrophages (Bar-Shavit Z. The osteoclast: a multinucleated, hematopoietic-origin, bone-resorbing osteoimmune cell (J Cell Biochem 2007;102:1130–1139 and erratum J Cell Biochem 2008;104:1946-
1947).
168 Osteoclastus Osteoclasts form by the fusion of osteoclast progenitor cells (Bar-Shavit Z. The osteoclast: a multinucleated, hematopoietic-origin, bone-resorbing osteoimmune cell. J Cell Biochem
2007;102:1130–1139).
169 Canalis cartilagineus Cartilage canals first appear in the early fetus and by 28 weeks all the larger masses of cartilage are permeated by them. They contain blood vessels surrounded by loose cellular tissue
and provide the osteoblastic tissue for ossification when this later occurs (Haines RW. Cartilage canals. J Anat 1933;68:45-64).
170 Ossificatio perichondralis diaphysialis Adjectives derived from nouns such as diaphysis, epiphysis and hypophysis are, in a strict grammatical sense, probably best constructed using the suffix –alis giving
diaphysalis, epiphysalis, hypophysalis and symphysalis. However, for reasons of terminological precedence and consistency, the spellings of diaphysialis, epiphysialis, hypophysialis and symphysialis have been
here retained.
171 Anulus perichondralis This term describes the site of periosteal activity around the cartilaginous bud of a bone, and later the periosteal activity around the diaphysial cartilage.
172 Extensio gemmae osteogenicae The spread is that which takes place through an erosion canal into the cartilage model.
173 Osteonum primarium; Osteonum secundarium Primary osteons are directly deposited by the periosteum and not in a preceding resorption cavity. As a result, unlike secondary osteons, primary osteons are
not limited by resorption or reversal lines. Secondary osteons are deposited in a resorption cavity and are limited by resorption or reversal lines.

Second Edition
FIPAT
TE2, PART II
Contents
Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis

Systema skeletale Skeletal system
Systema musculare Muscular system
Facies Face
Systema digestorium Alimentary system


Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS

1381 Organogenesis Organogenesis Organogenesis Organogeny
1382 Systema skeletale Skeletal system Skeletal system
1383 OSSA BONES BONES
1384 JUNCTURAE Articulationes JOINTS JOINTS
1385 Skeletogenesis generalis General skeletogenesis General skeletogenesis
1386 Chordagenesis Notochord formation Notochord formation
Endnote 174
1388 Fovea primitiva Fovea notochordalis Primitive pit Primitive pit Notochordal pit
Chordomesoderma
1391 Canalis neurentericus Neurenteric canal Neurenteric canal
1393 Plicatio Folding Folding
1394 Notochorda Notochorda propria; Chorda Notochord Notochord Notochord proper
dorsalis
1395 Extensio notochordae e Extension of notochord out of axial Extension of notochord out of axial
mesenchymate axiali denso dense mesenchyme dense mesenchyme
1396 Lamina basalis notochordalis Vagina acellularis notochordalis Notochordal basal lamina Notochordal basal lamina Acellular notochordal sheath Endnote 175
1397 Vagina notochordalis Vagina cellularis notochordalis Notochordal sheath Notochordal sheath Perichordal sheath; Cellular
notochordal sheath;
Perinotochordal sheath
1398 Chondrogenesis Chondrogenesis Chondrogenesis See General histogenesis

(Part 1, Chapter 4)
1399 PRIMORDIA OSSIUM BONE MODELS BONE MODELS

1400 Primordium mesenchymale Mesenchyme model Mesenchyme model
1401 Primordium chondroideum Chondroid model Chondroid model
1402 Primordium cartilagineum Cartilage model Cartilage model
1403 Primordium osseum Bone model Bone model
1404 Refectio ossis Bone remodelling Bone remodelling
1405 Osteogenesis Osteogenesis Osteogenesis Osteogeny See General Histogenesis
1406 Ossificatio membranacea Ossificatio desmalis Membranous ossification Membranous ossification Intramembranous ossification See General Histogenesis
1407 Ossificatio chondralis Chondral ossification Chondral ossification Cartilaginous ossification See General Histogenesis
1408 Textus osseus reticulofibrosus Woven bone Woven bone See General Histogenesis

1409 Os lamellare Lamellar bone Lamellar bone See General Histogenesis
1410 Skeleton axiale Axial skeleton Axial skeleton

1411 CRANIUM CRANIUM CRANIUM
1412 Mesenchyma capitis Head mesenchyme Head mesenchyme
1413 Crista neuralis Neural crest Neural crest
1414 Mesenchyma prechordale Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal mesenchyme
1415 Mesoderma prechordale Prechordal mesoderm Prechordal mesoderm
1417 Mesoderma paraxiale Unsegmented paraxial Unsegmented paraxial
nonsegmentatum mesoderm mesoderm
1418 Mesoderma paraxiale Segmented paraxial mesoderm Segmented paraxial mesoderm
segmentatum
1419 Lamina prechordalis Prechordal plate Prechordal plate
1420 Somiti occipitales Occipital somites Occipital somites Occipital somites 1-4
1421 Neurocranium Neurocranium Neurocranium Brain box

1422 Neurocranium membranosum Membranous neurocranium Membranous neurocranium
1423 Neurocranium chondrale Chondral neurocranium Chondral neurocranium
1424 Calvaria Calvaria Calvaria Endnote 176
1425 Fonticulus cranii Fontanelle Fontanelle Fonticulus
1426 Basis cranii Basicranium Cranial base Cranial base
1427 Meninx Meninx Meninx
1428 Meninx primordialis Primordial meninx Primordial meninx
1429 Ectomeninx Ectomeninx Ectomeninx
1430 Endomeninx Endomeninx Endomeninx
1431 Meninges Meninges Meninges
1432 Viscerocranium Splanchnocranium Viscerocranium Viscerocranium Splanchnocranium

1433 Viscerocranium membranosum Splanchnocranium membranosum Membranous viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium Membranous splanchnocranium
1434 Viscerocranium chondrale Splanchnocranium chondrale Chondral viscerocranium Chondral viscerocranium Chondral splanchnocranium
1435 Processus maxillaris Maxillary process Maxillary process
1437 Processus mandibularis Mandibular process Mandibular process
1438 Arcus hyoideus Hyoid arch Hyoid arch
1439 Cartilago arcus pharyngei secundi Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Second pharyngeal arch cartilage §Reichert§
1440 Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, Endnote 177
III, IV et VI 4&6 4&6
1441 Desmocranium Membranous cranium Membranous cranium

1442 Dermocranium Dermocranium Dermocranium
1444 Neurocranium membranaceum Membranous neurocranium Membranous neurocranium
1445 Os frontale Frontal bone Frontal bone
1446 Processus nasalis descendens Descending nasal process Descending nasal process

1447 Os parietale Parietal bone Parietal bone
1448 Pars squamosa ossis temporalis Squamous part of temporal bone Squamous part of temporal bone
1449 Ala temporalis Ala temporalis Ala temporalis
1450 Squama occipitalis Squamous part of occipital bone Squamous part of occipital bone
1451 Viscerocranium membranaceum Membranous viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium
1452 Vomer Vomer Vomer
1453 Os lacrimale Lacrimal bone Lacrimal bone
1454 Os nasale Nasal bone Nasal bone
1455 Os palatinum Palatine bone Palatine bone
1456 Ala major ossis sphenoidalis Greater wing of sphenoid Greater wing of sphenoid
1457 Processus pterygoideus ossis Pterygoid process of sphenoid Pterygoid process of sphenoid
sphenoidalis
1458 Zygoma Zygoma Zygoma
1459 Campus jugalis Jugal field Jugal field
1460 Campus postorbitalis Postorbital field Postorbital field
1461 Os zygomaticum Zygomatic bone Zygomatic bone
1462 Maxilla Maxilla Maxilla
1463 Crista alveolaris maxillaris Maxillary alveolar ridge Maxillary alveolar ridge
1464 Premaxilla Premaxilla Premaxilla Intermaxillary segment
1465 Processus alveolaris Alveolar process Alveolar process
1466 Processus palatinus Palatine process Palatine process
1467 Processus frontalis Frontal process Frontal process
1468 Spina nasalis anterior Anterior nasal spine Anterior nasal spine
1469 Sutura interincisiva Interincisive suture Interincisive suture
1470 Sutura incisiva Incisive suture Incisive suture
1471 Foramen incisivum Incisive foramen Incisive foramen
1472 Mandibula Mandible Mandible
1473 Crista alveolaris mandibularis Mandibular alveolar ridge Mandibular alveolar ridge
1474 Articulatio temporomandibularis Temporomandibular joint Temporomandibular joint
1475 Chondrocranium Chondrocranium Chondrocranium

1476 Chondrocranium initiale Early chondrocranium Early chondrocranium At Stage17
1477 Cartilago prechordalis Cartilago trabecularis; Trabecula Prechordal cartilage Prechordal cartilage Trabecular cartilage
cranii
1478 Cartilago hypophysialis Cartilago polaris Hypophysial cartilage Hypophyseal cartilage Polar cartilage
1479 Sella turcica Sella turcica Sella turcica
1480 Capsula nasi Capsula olfactoria Nasal capsule Nasal capsule Olfactory capsule
1481 Capsula optica Optic capsule Optic capsule
1482 Capsula otica Otic capsule Otic capsule
1483 Cartilago periotica Peri-otic cartilage Periotic cartilage
1485 Cartilago arcus pharyngei secundi Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Second pharyngeal arch cartilage §Reichert§
1486 Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3,
III, IV et VI 4&6 4&6
1487 Cartilago parachordalis Parachordal cartilage Parachordal cartilage
1488 Sclerotomi occipitales Occipital sclerotomes Occipital sclerotomes

1489 Chondrocranium serum Later chondrocranium Later chondrocranium At Stages 20+
1490 Septum nasi Nasal septum Nasal septum
1491 Cartilago paraseptalis anterior Anterior paraseptal cartilage Anterior paraseptal cartilage
1492 Cartilago paraseptalis posterior Posterior paraseptal cartilage Posterior paraseptal cartilage
1493 Cartilago presphenoidalis Presphenoid cartilage Presphenoid cartilage
1494 Cartilago orbitosphenoidalis Orbitosphenoidal cartilage Orbitosphenoidal cartilage
1495 Cartilago basisphenoidalis Basisphenoidal cartilage Basisphenoidal cartilage
1496 Cartilago alisphenoidalis Alisphenoidal cartilage Alisphenoidal cartilage
1497 Cartilago corporis sphenoidalis Sphenoidal body cartilage Sphenoidal body cartilage
1498 Cartilago postsphenoidalis Postsphenoid cartilage Postsphenoid cartilage
1499 Os sphenoidale Sphenoid bone Sphenoid bone
1500 Rostrum sphenoidale Sphenoidal rostrum Sphenoidal rostrum
1501 Corpus sphenoidale Sphenoid body Sphenoid body
1503 Cartilago mallei Cartilage of malleus Cartilage of malleus
1504 Cartilago incudis Cartilage of incus Cartilage of incus
1505 Cartilago stapedis Cartilage of stapes Cartilage of stapes
1506 Cartilago mandibularis Mandibular cartilage Mandibular cartilage §Meckel§
See also below
1507 Cartilago ossis hyoidei Cartilage of hyoid bone Cartilage of hyoid bone
1508 Cartilagines laryngeae Laryngeal cartilages Laryngeal cartilages
1509 Cartilago occipitalis Occipital cartilage Occipital cartilage
1510 Pars basioccipitalis cartilaginis Basi-occipital part of occipital Basioccipital part of occipital
occipitalis cartilage cartilage
1511 Pars exoccipitalis cartilaginis Exoccipital part of occipital Exoccipital part of occipital
1512 Pars supraoccipitalis cartilaginis Supra-occipital part of occipital Supraoccipital part of occipital
1513 Ossificatio endochondralis cranii Endochondral ossification of Endochondral ossification of
cranium cranium
1514 Concha nasalis inferior Inferior nasal concha Inferior nasal concha
1515 Cartilago mesoethmoidalis Mesoethmoidal catilage Mesoethmoidal catilage
1516 Os ethmoidale Ethmoid Ethmoid
1517 Lamina cribrosa Cribriform plate Cribriform plate
1518 Crista galli Crista galli Crista galli
1519 Synchondrosis septoethmoidalis Septo-ethmoidal synchondrosis Septoethmoidal synchondrosis
1520 Synchondrosis mesosphenoidalis Midsphenoidal synchondrosis Midsphenoidal synchondrosis
1521 Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis Spheno-occipital synchondrosis Sphenooccipital synchondrosis
1522 Corpus ossis sphenoidalis Body of sphenoid Body of sphenoid
1523 Ala minor ossis sphenoidalis Ala orbitalis Lesser wing of sphenoid Lesser wing of sphenoid
1524 Hamulus pterygoideus ossis Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid
sphenoidalis
1525 Os temporale Temporal bone Temporal bone
1526 Pars petrosa ossis temporalis Petrous part of temporal bone Petrous part of temporal bone
1527 Pars squamosa ossis temporalis Squamous part of temporal Squamous part of temporal
bone bone

1528 Pars mastoidea ossis temporalis Mastoid part of temporal bone Mastoid part of temporal bone
1529 Pars tympanica ossis temporalis Tympanic part of temporal bone Tympanic part of temporal bone
1530 Anulus tympanicus Tympanic ring Tympanic ring
1531 Processus styloideus ossis Styloid process of temporal bone Styloid process of temporal bone
temporalis
1532 Pars basilaris ossis occipitalis Basilar part of occipital bone Basilar part of occipital bone
1533 Pars lateralis ossis occipitalis Lateral part of occipital bone Lateral part of occipital bone
1534 Mandibula Mandible Mandible

1535 Arcus pharyngeus primus Arcus mandibularis First pharyngeal arch First pharyngeal arch Mandibular arch
1536 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Endnote 178
1537 Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi First pharyngeal arch cartilage First pharyngeal arch cartilage In part
§Meckel§
1538 Area symphysialis Symphysial area Symphyseal area
1539 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Pharyngomeric mesenchyme In part
1540 Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi First pharyngeal arch cartilage First pharyngeal arch cartilage In part
§Meckel§
1541 Ruga alveolaris mandibularis Crista alveolaris mandibularis Mandibular alveolar ridge Mandibular alveolar ridge
1542 Chondriola symphysialis Symphysial chondriole Symphyseal chondriole §Islet of Meckel§
1543 Cartilago secundaria Secondary cartilage Secondary cartilage
1544 Ossiculum mentale Mental ossicle Mental ossicle
1547 Corpus mandibulae Body of mandible Body of mandible
1548 Pars nonalveolaris Nonalveolar part Nonalveolar part
1549 Columna cartilaginea Cartilaginous column Cartilaginous column
1550 Pars alveolaris Alveolar part Alveolar part
1551 Ramus mandibulae Ramus of mandible Ramus of mandible
1552 Processus coronoideus Coronoid process Coronoid process
1553 Cartilago secundaria Secondary cartilage Secondary cartilage
1554 Cartilago condylaris Condylar cartilage Condylar cartilage
1555 Columna osteocartilaginea Osteocartilaginous column Osteocartilaginous column
1556 SKELETON AXIALE POST POSTCRANIAL AXIAL POSTCRANIAL AXIAL

CRANIALE SKELETON SKELETON
dorsalis
1558 Epiblastus Epiblast Epiblast Primary ectoderm
Chordomesoderma
1562 Cardo chordoneuralis Chordoneural hinge Chordoneural hinge

dorsalis
1566 Lamina basalis notochordalis Vagina acellularis notochordalis Notochordal basal lamina Notochordal basal lamina Acellular notochordal sheath
1567 Nucleus pulposus disci Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral
intervertebralis disc disc
1568 Sclerotomus Sclerotome Sclerotome

1570 Somitomerum Somitomere Somitomere
1571 Transitio mesenchymoepithelialis Mesenchymo-epithelial transition Mesenchymoepithelial transition
1572 Segmentatio Metamerismus Segmentation Segmentation Metamerism
1573 Resegmentatio Resegmentation Resegmentation
1574 Somitus Somite Somite
1575 Somitocoeloma Somitocoele Somitocele
1576 Cellula somitocoelomatis Somitocoele cell Somitocele cell
1577 Junctura columnae vertebralis Vertebral joint Vertebral joint Arthrotome
1578 Discus intervertebralis Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc
1579 Pars proximalis costae Proximal rib Proximal rib In part
1580 Transitio epitheliomesenchymalis Epitheliomesenchymal transition Epitheliomesenchymal transition
1581 Meningotomus Meningotome Meningotome
1582 Sclerotomus Sclerotome Sclerotome
1583 Pars centralis sclerotomi Central sclerotome Central sclerotome
1584 Pediculus arcus vertebrae Pediculus vertebrae Pedicle of vertebral arch Pedicle of vertebral arch Pedicle; Syndetome
1585 Pars proximalis costae Proximal rib Proximal rib In part
1586 Pars ventralis sclerotomi Ventral sclerotome Ventral sclerotome
1587 Corpus vertebrae Vertebral body Vertebral body
1588 Discus intervertebralis Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc
1589 Pars dorsalis sclerotomi Dorsal sclerotome Dorsal sclerotome
1590 Lamina arcus vertebrae Lamina vertebrae Lamina of vertebral arch Lamina of vertebral arch Lamina
1591 Processus spinosus Spinous process Spinous process
1592 Pars lateralis sclerotomi Lateral sclerotome Lateral sclerotome
1593 Endotheliocytus Endothelial cell Endothelial cell
1594 Pars distalis costae Distal rib Distal rib
1595 Tendo Tendon Tendon
1596 Pars medialis sclerotomi Medial sclerotome Medial sclerotome
1597 Meningotomus Meningotome Meningotome
1598 Meninges spinales Spinal meninges Spinal meninges
1599 Vas sanguineum Blood vessel Blood vessel
1600 Pars rostralis sclerotomi Pars laxa sclerotomi Rostral part of sclerotome Rostral part of sclerotome Loose part of sclerotome
1602 Pars minor arcus vertebrae Small part of vertebral arch Small part of vertebral arch
1603 Perineurium Perineurium Perineurium
1604 Endoneurium Endoneurium Endoneurium
1605 Pars minor costae distalis Small part of distal rib Small part of distal rib
1606 Angulus rostrolateralis partis Rostrolateral corner of rostral Rostrolateral corner of rostral
rostralis sclerotomi part of sclerotome part of sclerotome

1607 Tendines musculorum dorsi Tendons of back muscles Tendons of back muscles Syndetome
propriorum proper proper
1608 Fissura intervertebralis Intervertebral fissure Intervertebral fissure §von Ebner§
1609 Pars caudalis sclerotomi Pars densa sclerotomi Caudal part of sclerotome Caudal part of sclerotome Dense part of sclerotome
1611 Pars major costae distalis Major part of distal rib Major part of distal rib
1612 Angulus caudolateralis partis Caudolateral corner of caudal Caudolateral corner of caudal
caudalis sclerotomi part of sclerotome part of sclerotome
1613 Tendines musculorum dorsi Tendons of muscles of back Tendons of muscles of back Syndetome
notochordal sheath;
Perinotochordal sheath
1615 Pars rostralis vaginae Pars laxa vaginae notochordalis Rostral part of notochordal Rostral part of notochordal Loose part of notochordal sheath
notochordalis sheath sheath
1616 Blastema centri vertebrae Blastema of centrum of Blastema of centrum of
vertebra vertebra
1617 Pars caudalis vaginae Pars densa vaginae notochordalis Caudal part of notochordal Caudal part of notochordal Dense part of notochordal sheath
notochordalis sheath sheath
1618 Discus intervertebralis Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc Endnote 179
1619 Anulus fibrosus disci Anulus fibrosus of Anulus fibrosus of
intervertebralis intervertebral disc intervertebral disc
1620 Vertebra Vertebra Vertebra

1621 Blastema vertebrae Blastema of vertebra Blastema of vertebra
1622 Blastema arcus neuralis Blastema of neural arch Blastema of neural arch
1623 Blastema centri vertebrae Blastema of centrum of vertebra Blastema of centrum of vertebra
1624 Vertebra cartilaginea Cartilaginous vertebra Cartilaginous vertebra
1625 Arcus neuralis cartilagineus Cartilaginous neural arch Cartilaginous neural arch
1626 Centrum cartilagineum Cartilaginous centrum Cartilaginous centrum
1627 Vertebra ossea Bony vertebra Bony vertebra
1628 Arcus neuralis osseus Bony neural arch Bony neural arch
1629 Processus spinosus vertebrae Spinous process of vertebra Spinous process of vertebra
1630 Arcus vertebrae Vertebral arch Vertebral arch
1631 Processus transversus Transverse process of Transverse process of
vertebrae vertebra vertebra
1632 Processus articularis superior Zygapophysis superior Superior articular process of Superior articular process of
1633 Processus articularis inferior Zygapophysis inferior Inferior articular process of Inferior articular process of
1634 Pediculus arcus vertebrae Pedicle of vertebra Pedicle of vertebra
1635 Lamina arcus vertebrae Lamina of vertebra Lamina of vertebra
1636 Pars corporis vertebrae ex arcu Pars minor corporis vertebrae Arch-derived part of vertebral Arch derived part of vertebral Lesser part of vertebral body
derivata body body
1637 Synchondrosis neurocentralis Neurocentral synchondrosis Neurocentral synchondrosis
1638 Centrum osseum Bony centrum Bony centrum

1639 Pars corporis vertebrae ex centro Pars major corporis vertebrae Centrum-derived part of vertebral Centrum derived part of vertebral Greater part of vertebral body
derivata body body
1640 Epiphysis anularis vertebrae Anular epiphysis of vertebra Anular epiphysis of vertebra
1641 Centrum ossificationis laterale Lateral ossification centre of Lateral ossification centre of
1642 Proatlas Pro-atlas Proatlas
1643 Atlas Atlas Atlas
1644 Axis Axis Axis
1645 Dens axis Odontoid process Odontoid process Dens
1646 Costa Rib Rib

1647 Blastema partis distalis costae Blastema of distal part of rib Blastema of distal part of rib
1648 Blastema partis proximalis costae Blastema of proximal part of rib Blastema of proximal part of rib
1649 Costa cartilaginea Cartilaginous rib Cartilaginous rib
1650 Centrum osssificationis costale Costal ossification centre Costal ossification centre
1651 Costa ossea Bony rib Bony rib
1652 Sternum Sternum Sternum

1654 Blastemata bilateralia sterni Bilateral blastemata of sternum Bilateral blastemata of sternum
1655 Blastema interclaviculare Interclavicular blastema Interclavicular blastema
1656 Cartilago sternalis bilateralis Bilateral sternal cartilage Bilateral sternal cartilage
1657 Conjunctio cartilaginum sternalium Fusion of bilateral sternal Fusion of bilateral sternal
bilateralium cartilages cartilages
1658 Centrum ossificationis medianum Median ossification centre Median ossification center
1659 Presternum Presternum Presternum
1660 Suprasternum Suprasternum Suprasternum
1661 Fascia sternalis Sternal band Sternal band
1662 Sternebra Sternebra Sternebra
1663 Manubrium Manubrium Manubrium
1664 Processus xiphoideus Xiphoid process Xiphoid process Xiphisternum
1665 Clavicula Clavicle Clavicle
1666 Membra et skeleton Limbs and appendicular Limbs and appendicular See also under Muscles
appendiculare skeleton skeleton
1669 Ectoderma embryonicum Embryonic ectoderm Embryonic ectoderm
1670 Anulus ectodermalis primordialis Primordial ectodermal ring Primordial ectodermal ring §Wolffe§
1671 Gemmae membrorum Limb buds Limb buds
1672 Gemma membri superioris Upper limb bud Upper limb bud Rostral limb bud
1673 Gemma membri inferioris Lower limb bud Lower limb bud Caudal limb bud
1674 Axis craniocaudalis Craniocaudal axis Craniocaudal axis
1675 Margo preaxialis Pre-axial border Preaxial border
1676 Zona apoptotica anterior Anterior apoptotic zone Anterior apoptotic zone Endnote 180

1677 Margo postaxialis Postaxial border Postaxial border
1678 Zona activitatis polarisantis Zone of polarizing activity Zone of polarizing activity ZPA
1679 Zona apoptotica posterior Zona necrotica posterior Posterior apoptotic zone Posterior apoptotic zone Posterior necrotic zone Endnote 180
1680 Axis dorsoventralis Dorsoventral axis Dorsoventral axis
1681 Axis proximodistalis Proximodistal axis Proximodistal axis
1682 A. axialis A. axialis primaria; A. centralis Axial artery Axial artery Primary axial artery; Central artery
1683 A.mediana Median artery Median artery
1684 A.sciatica Sciatic artery Sciatic artery
1685 Plexus capillaris terminalis Terminal capillary plexus Terminal capillary plexus
1686 Crista ectodermalis apicalis Apical ectodermal ridge Apical ectodermal ridge AER
1687 Mesenchyma apicale Apical mesenchyme Apical mesenchyme
1688 Zona progressus Progress zone Progress zone Endnote 181
1689 V. marginalis Sinus marginale Marginal vein Marginal vein Marginal sinus
1690 V. preaxialis Rete venosum preaxiale Pre-axial vein Preaxial vein Pre-axial venous plexus; Preaxial
venous plexus
1691 V. postaxialis Rete venosum postaxiale Postaxial vein Postaxial vein Postaxial venous plexus
1692 Lamina manus Hand plate Hand plate
1693 Radius manus Hand ray Hand ray Endnote 182
1694 Lamina pedis Foot plate Foot plate
1695 Radius pedis Foot ray Foot ray Endnote 183
1696 Crenatio interdigitalis Interdigital crenation Interdigital crenation
1697 Zona apoptotica interdigitalis Interdigital apoptotic zone Interdigital apoptotic zone Endnote 180
1698 Apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis
1699 Trama interdigitalis Membrana interdigitalis Interdigital web Interdigital web
1700 Separatio digitorum Separation of digits Separation of digits
1701 Axis radialis Radial axis Radial axis
1702 Zona centralis Zona chondrogenica Central zone Central zone Chondrogenic zone
1703 Zona peripherica Zona antichondrogenica Peripheral zone Peripheral zone Antichondrogenic zone
1704 Skeleton blastemale Blastemal skeleton Blastemal skeleton
1705 Centrum chondrificationis Chondrification centre Chondrification center
1706 Skeleton cartilagineum Cartilaginous skeleton Cartilaginous skeleton
1707 Centrum ossificationis Ossification centre Ossification center
1708 Epiphysis Epiphysis Epiphysis
1709 Cartilago epiphysialis Epiphysial cartilage Epiphyseal cartilage See Terminologia Histologica
1710 Metaphysis Metaphysis Metaphysis
1711 Diaphysis Diaphysis Diaphysis
1712 JUNCTURAE Systema articulare JOINTS JOINTS Articular system

1714 Sutura Suture Suture
1715 Stratum fibrosum suturae Sutural fibrous layer Sutural fibrous layer
1716 Stratum osteogenicum suturae Sutural osteogenic layer Sutural osteogenic layer
1717 Zona intermedia suturae Sutural interzone Sutural interzone
1718 Precartilago Precartilage Precartilage
1719 Cartilago Cartilage Cartilage

1720 Junctura ossea Synostosis Bony union Bony union
1721 Synchondrosis Primary cartilaginous joint Primary cartilaginous joint

1722 Centrum secundarium Centrum epiphysiale Secondary ossification centre Secondary ossification center Epiphysial centre; Epiphyseal
ossificationis center
1723 Cartilago epiphysialis Epiphysial cartilage Epiphyseal cartilage See Terminologia Histologica
1724 Centrum primarium ossificationis Centrum diaphysiale Primary ossification centre Primary ossification center Diaphysial centre; Diaphyseal
center
1725 Symphysis Secondary cartilaginous joint Secondary cartilaginous joint

1726 Stratum fibrosum symphysis Symphysial fibrous layer Symphyseal fibrous layer
1727 Stratum chondrogenicum Symphysial chondrogenic layer Symphyseal chondrogenic layer
symphysis
1728 Zona intermedia symphysis Symphysial interzone Symphyseal interzone
1729 Junctura synovialis Articulatio; Diarthrosis Synovial joint Synovial joint

1730 Amentum articulationis Articulation loop Articulation loop Endnote 184
1731 Zona defluens Gliding zone Gliding zone Endnote 185
1732 Skeleton blastemale Blastemal skeleton Blastemal skeleton
1733 Centrum chondrificationis Chondrification centre Chondrification centrer
1734 Skeleton cartilagineum Cartilaginous skeleton Cartilaginous skeleton
1735 Zona intermedia mesenchymalis Undifferentiated mesenchymal Undifferentiated mesenchymal Lies between cartilaginous
nondifferentiata zone zone elements
1736 Stratum densum proximale Proximal dense layer of zona Proximal dense layer of zona
zonae
1737 Cartilago faciei articularis Cartilage of proximal articular Cartilage of proximal articular
proximalis surface surface
1738 Stratum zonae tenue Intermediate loose layer of zone Intermediate loose layer of zone
intermedium
1740 Cavitas articularis Articular cavity Articular cavity
1741 Stratum densum distale zonae Distal zone of cell density Distal zone of cell density Distal dense layer of zona
1742 Cartilago faciei articularis Cartilage of distal articular Cartilage of distal articular
distalis surface surface
1743 Lig. intracapsulare Intracapsular ligament Intracapsular ligament
1744 Discus articularis Articular disc Articular disc
1745 Meniscus articularis Meniscus Meniscus
1746 Mesenchyma circum zonam Mesenchyme surrounding Mesenchyme surrounding
intermediam interzone interzone
1747 Capsula articularis Joint capsule Joint capsule Articular capsule
1748 Membrana synovialis Synovial membrane Synovial membrane
1749 Lig. capsulare Capsular ligament Capsular ligament
1750 Lig. extracapsulare Extracapsular ligament Extracapsular ligament
1751 ANOMALIAE SKELETALES SKELETAL ANOMALIES SKELETAL ANOMALIES

1752 Anomaliae generales ossis General disorders of bone General disorders of bone
1753 Synostosis Synostosis Synostosis

1754 Agenesis ossis Absent bone Absent bone
1755 Dysostoses Dysostoses Dysostoses
1756 Achondrogenesis Achondrogenesis Achondrogenesis
1757 Achondroplasia Chondrodysplasia Achondroplasia Achondroplasia Chondrodysplasia
1758 Deviatio radialis manus Radial deviation of hand Radial deviation of hand §Madelung§
1759 Deviatio ulnaris manus Ulnar deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand
1760 Dyschondroosteosis Dyschondro-osteosis Dyschondroosteosis
1761 Dysostosis epiphysialis Dysostosis epiphysaria Dysostosis epiphysaria §Ribbing-Müller- Fairbank§
1762 Dysostosis epiphysialis Dysostosis epiphysaria Dysostosis epiphysaria
hemimelica hemimelica hemimelica
1763 Dysostosis Dysostosis spondylo-epiphysaria Dysostosis spondyloepiphysaria
spondyloeepiphysialis congenita congenita congenita
1764 Dysostosis spondyloepiphysialis Dysostosis spondylo-epiphysaria Dysostosis spondyloepiphysaria
tarda tarda tarda
1765 Dysostosis metaphysialis Dysostosis metaphysaria Dysostosis metaphysaria §Schmid/Murk Jansen§
1766 Dysostosis Dysostosis Dysostosis §Kozlowski/Schmidt§
spondylometaphysialis spondylometaphysaria spondylometaphysaria
1767 Dysplasia chondroectodermalis Chondroectodermal dysplasia Chondroectodermal dysplasia §Ellis-Van Crefeld§
1768 Dysplasia craniometaphysialis Dysplasia craniometaphysaria Dysplasia craniometaphysaria §Pyle§
1769 Dystrophia suffocans thoracis Suffocating thorax dystrophia Suffocating thorax dystrophia
1770 Hypophosphatasia Hypophosphatasia Hypophosphatasia
1771 Chondrodysplasia metaphysialis Cartilage-hair hypoplasia Cartilagehair hypoplasia §McKusick§
recessiva
1772 Dysplasiae fibrosae Fibrous dysplasias Fibrous dysplasias
1773 Dysplasia fibrosa monostotica Monostotic fibrous dysplasia Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
1774 Dysplasia fibrosa polyostotica Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
1775 Dysplasia fibrosa diffusa Generalized fibrous dysplasia Generalized fibrous dysplasia
1776 Leontiasis ossea Leontiasis ossea Leontiasis ossea
1777 Osteochondrodysplasia Osteochondrodysplasia Osteochondrodysplasia
1778 Osteochondrodystrophia Osteochondrodystrophy Osteochondrodystrophy
1779 Osteitis deformans Osteitis deformans Osteitis deformans §Paget§
1780 Cystis ossea solitaria Solitary bone cyst Solitary bone cyst
1781 Exostoses Exostoses Exostoses
1782 Exostoses cartilagineae Multiple cartilaginous exostoses Multiple cartilaginous exostoses
multiplices
1783 Enchondromatosis diffusa Generalized enchondromatosis Generalized enchondromatosis
1784 Enchondromatosis unilateralis Dyschondroplasia Unilateral enchondromatosis Unilateral enchondromatosis §Ollier§
1785 Chondrodystrophia calcificans Chondrodystrophia calcificans Chondrodystrophia calcificans §Conradi-Hünermann§
1786 Nanismus diastrophicus Diastrophic dwarfism Diastrophic dwarfism

1787 Nanismus letalis Lethal dwarfism Lethal dwarfism
1788 Nanismus metatropicus Metatropic dwarfism Metatropic dwarfism
1789 Pseudoachondroplasia Pseudoachondroplasia Pseudoachondroplasia
1790 Hyperostosis Hyperostosis Hyperostosis
1791 Hyperplasiae Hyperplasias Hyperplasias

1792 Dysplasia diaphysialia Progressive diaphysial dysplasia Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia §Camurati-Engelmann§
progressiva
1793 Dystrophia periostea Dystrophia periostealis Dystrophia periostealis §Dzierzynsky§
hyperplastica familiaris hyperplastica familiaris hyperplastica familiaris
1794 Hyperostosis congenita diffusa Congenital generalized Congenital generalized §Koszewski§
hyperostosis hyperostosis
1795 Hyperostosis corticalis diffusa Generalized cortical hyperostosis Generalized cortical hyperostosis §Van Buchem§
1796 Hyperostosis corticalis infantilis Infantile generalized cortical Infantile generalized cortical §Caffey-Silverman§
diffusa hyperostosis hyperostosis
1797 Hyperostosis diffusa Generalized hyperostosis with Generalized hyperostosis with §Uehlinger§
pachydermatina pachydermia pachydermia
1798 Melorheostosis Melorheostosis Melorheostosis
1799 Osteopetrosis Marble bone disease Marble bone disease §Albers-Schönberg§
1800 Osteopoikilosis Osteopoikilosis Osteopoikilosis
1801 Pyknodysostosis Pyknodysostosis Pyknodysostosis
1802 Sclerosis diaphysialis hereditaria Multiple hereditary diaphysial Multiple hereditary diaphyseal §Ribbing§
multiplex sclerosis sclerosis
1803 Sclerosteosis Sclerosteosis Sclerosteosis
1804 Toxopachyostosis Toxopachyostosis Toxopachyostosis §Weismann-Netter§
1805 Hypoplasiae Hypoplasias Hypoplasias
1806 Acroosteolysis Acro-osteolysis Acroosteolysis
1807 Dysostosis cleidocranialis Cleidocranial dysostosis Cleidocranial dysostosis
1808 Dystrophia Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy §François§
dermochondrocornealis
1809 Hypochondroplasia Hypochondroplasia Hypochondroplasia
1810 Osteofibrosis monoosteotica Osteofibrosis mono-osteoticus Osteofibrosis monoosteoticus §Allbright-McCune§
1811 Osteofibrosis polyosteotica Osteofibrosis polyosteoticus Osteofibrosis polyosteoticus §Jaffé-Lichenstein§
1812 Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteogenesis imperfecta §Vrolik/Lobstein§
1813 Osteoporosis idiopathica Idiopathic osteoporosis Idiopathic osteoporosis
1814 Macroplasia Macroplasia Macroplasia
1815 Microplasia Microplasia Microplasia
1816 Mucopolysaccharidoses Mucopolysaccharidoses Mucopolysaccharidoses
1817 Dysostosis multiplex typi I Type I Type I Dysostosis multiplex §von Pfaundler-Hurler§
1818 Dysostosis multiplex typi II Type II Type II Dysostosis multiplex §Hunter§
1819 Typus III Oligophrenia polydystrophica Type III Type III Polydystrophic oligophrenia §Sanfilippo§
1820 Typus IV Dysplasia spondyloepiphysialis Type IV Type IV Intermediate spondyloepiphysial §Morquio-Brailsford§
intermedia dysplasia; Intermediate
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
1821 Typus V Type V Type V §Ulrich-Scheie§
1822 Typus VI Nanismus polydystrophicus Type VI Type VI Polydystrophic dwarfism §Maroteaux§
1823 Typus VII Nanismus pseudopolydystrophicus Type VII Type VII Pseudopolydystrophic dwarfism §Maroteaux-Lamy§
1824 Synostosis Synostosis Synostosis
1825 Anomaliae et variationes Cranial anomalies and growth Cranial anomalies and growth Endnote 186
crescentiae cranii variations variations
1826 Dysinductio encephalica Encephalic dysinduction Encephalic dysinduction

1827 Acephalia Acephaly Acephaly
1828 Acrania Acrania Acrania
1829 Dicephalia Dicephaly Dicephaly
1830 Dyscephalia Dyscephaly Dyscephaly
1831 Macrocephalia Macrocephaly Macrocephaly
1832 Microcephalia Microcephaly Microcephaly
1833 Dysinductio olfactoria Olfactory dysinduction Olfactory dysinduction
1834 Ethmocephalia Ethmocephaly Ethmocephaly
1835 Cebocephalia Cebocephaly Cebocephaly
1836 Dysinductio optica Optic dysinduction Optic dysinduction
1837 Anorbitismus Anorbitism Anorbitism Absence of orbit
1838 Holoprosencephalia Holoprosencephaly Holoprosencephaly
1839 Ethmocephalia Ethmocephaly Ethmocephaly
1840 Cebocephalia Cebocephaly Cebocephaly
1841 Cyclopia Cyclopia Cyclopia
1842 Hypoorbitismus Hypo-orbitism Hypoorbitism Hypoplasia of orbit; Micro-orbitism;
Microorbitism
1843 Dysinductio optoolfactoria Opto-olfactory dysinduction Optoolfactory dysinduction
1845 Dysinductio otica Otic dysinduction Otic dysinduction
1846 Anotia Anotia Anotia
1847 Microtia Microtia Microtia
1848 Canalis craniopharyngeus Persistent craniopharyngeal canal Persistent craniopharyngeal canal

persistens
1849 Dysplasiae Dysplasias Dysplasias
1850 Craniosynostosis Craniosynostosis Craniosynostosis
1851 Synostosis sagittalis Sagittal synostosis Sagittal synostosis
1852 Synostosis coronalis Coronal synostosis Coronal synostosis
1853 Bathrocephalia Bathrocephalia Bathrocephalia Step head
1854 Brachycephalia Brachycephaly Brachycephaly
1855 Dolichocephalia Dolichocephaly Dolichocephaly
1856 Scaphocephalia Scaphocephaly Scaphocephaly Boat-shaped head; Boat shaped
head
1857 Pachycephalia Pachycephaly Pachycephaly
1858 Plagiocephalia Plagiocephaly Plagiocephaly
1859 Plagiocephalia anterior Anterior plagiocephaly Anterior plagiocephaly
1860 Plagiocephalia posterior Posterior plagiocephaly Posterior plagiocephaly
1861 Trifoliocephalia Clover-leaf cranium Clover leaf cranium Kleeblattschädel
1862 Trigonocephalia Trigonocephaly Trigonocephaly
1863 Turricephalia Turricephaly Turricephaly Steeple head
1864 Oxycephalia Acrocephalia Oxycephaly Oxycephaly
1865 Hypertelorismus Hypertelorism Hypertelorism
1866 Hypotelorismus Hypotelorism Hypotelorism
1867 Fissurae Clefts Clefts
1868 Schistocephalia Cephaloschisis Schistocephaly Schistocephaly

1869 Cranium bifidum occultum Simple sagittal cranial defect Simple sagittal cranial defect
1870 Os bifidum occultum frontale Sutura metopica falsa Simple frontal sagittal defect Simple frontal sagittal defect False metopic suture
1871 Os occipitale bifidum occultum Simple occipital sagittal defect Si mple occipital sagittal defect
1872 Sutura frontalis persistens Sutura metopica Frontal suture Frontal suture Metopic suture
1873 Sutura metopica singularis Single metopic suture Single frontal suture
1874 Sutura metopica duplex Double metopic suture Double frontal suture
1875 Os suturale Sutural bone Sutural bone
1876 Os interparietale Interparietal bone Interparietal bone
1877 Os supraoccipitale Supra-occipital bone Supraoccipital bone
1878 Os frontoorbitale Fronto-orbital bone Frontoorbital bone
1879 Foramen parietale persistens Foramen parietale permagnum Persistent parietal foramen Persistent parietal foramen Large parietal foramen
1880 Hydrocephalia Hydrocephaly Hydrocephaly Hydrocephalus; Hydrencephaly;
Hydrencephalus
1881 Occiput planum Flat occiput Flat occiput
1882 Occiput prominens Prominent occput Prominent occput
1883 Tricephalia Tricephaly Tricephaly
1884 Vertebralisatio partis ossis Vertebralisation of part of occipital Vertebralisation of part of occipital
occipitalis bone bone
1885 Syndromata pertinentia ad capitem Syndromes involving head Syndromes involving head See also Syndromes involving face
1886 Acrocephalosyndactyl-ia Acrocephalosyndactyly Acrocephalosyndactyly §Apert§
1887 Dysostosis cleidocranialis Cleidocranial dysostosis Cleidocranial dysostosis
1888 Dysostosis craniofacialis Craniofacial dysostosis Craniofacial dysostosis §Crouzon§
1889 Frons latus Broad forehead Broad forehead Endnote 187
1890 Frons angustus Narrow forehead Narrow forehead
1891 Frons inclinata Sloping forehead Sloping forehead
1892 Os frontale hyperconvexum Frontal bossing Frontal bossing
1893 Dysostosis mandibulofacialis Mandibulofacial dysostosis Mandibulofacial dysostosis §Treacher-Collins§
1894 Dyscephalia Mandibulo-oculofacial dyscephaly Mandibulooculofacial dyscephaly §Hallermann-Streiff-François§

mandibulooculofacialis
1895 Anomaliae et variationes Maxillary and mandibular Maxillary and mandibular See also Syndromes involving face
crescentiae mandibulae et anomalies and growth variations anomalies and growth variations
maxillae of the jaws of the jaws
1896 Agnathia Agnathia Agnathia
1897 Dignathia Dignathia Dignathia
1898 Gnathoschisis Schistognathia Gnathoschisis Gnathoschisis Cleft jaw
1899 Hypognathia Hypognathia Hypognathia
1900 Macrognathia Macrognathia Macrognathia
1901 Micrognathia Micrognathia Micrognathia
1902 Prognathia Prognathia Prognathia
1903 Retrognathia Retrognathia Retrognathia
1904 Mandibula lata Broad jaw Broad jaw
1905 Mandibula angusta Narrow jaw Narrow jaw
1906 Anomaliae columnae vertebralis Vertebral column anomalies Vertebral anomalies Endnote 188

1907 Kyphosis insolita Abnormal kyphosis Abnormal kyphosis
1908 Lordosis insolita Abnormal lordosis Abnormal lordosis
1909 Scoliosis Scoliosis Scoliosis
1910 Kyphoscoliosis Kyphoscoliosis Kyphoscoliosis
1911 Fissurae vertebrae Cleft vertebra Cleft vertebra
1912 Fissura coronalis vertebrae Coronal cleft vertebra Coronal cleft vertebra
1913 Fissura sagittalis vertebrae Sagittal cleft vertebra Sagittal cleft vertebra
1914 Hemivertebra Hemivertebra Hemivertebra
1915 Baculum vertebrae Vertebral bar Vertebral bar
1916 Massa vertebrae Block vertebra Block vertebra
1917 Vestigium notochordae Vestige of notochord Vestige of notochord
1918 Vertebra papilionisformis Vertebra papilioformis Butterfly vertebra Butterfly vertebra
1919 Chordoma Chordoma Chordoma
1920 Spina bifida Spina bifida Spina bifida See also Neural tube anomalies
1921 Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida aperta
1922 Spina bifida cystica Spina bifida cystica Spina bifida cystica
1923 Meningocoelia Meningocele Meningocele
1924 Meningomyelocoela Myelomeningocoela Mingomyelocoele Meningomyelocele Myelomeningocele
1925 Myelocoelia Myelocoele Myelocele
1926 Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida occulta
1927 Anomaliae nervosae in spina bifida Nerve anomalies in spina bifida Nerve anomalies in spina bifida
1928 Hypoplasia nervi spinalis Spinal nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve hypoplasia
1929 Malformatio nervi spinalis Spinal nerve malformation Spinal nerve malformation
1930 Syndromata pertinentia ad Syndromes involving vertebral Syndromes involving vertebral

columnam vertebralem column column
1931 Conjunctio anomaliarum VATER association VATER association Vertebral anomalies; anal atresia;
vertebrarum renium aut tracheo-oesophageal fistula,
membrorum radialium cum atresia tracheooesophageal fistula;
anale fistula tracheooesophagea oesophageal atresia, esophageal
atque atresia oesophagea atresia; renal or radial limb
anomalies
1932 Conjunctio anomaliarum cordis VACTERL association VACTERL association Vertebral anomalies; anal atresia;
vertebrarum renium cardiac anomalies; tracheo-
membrorumque cum atresia anale esophageal fistula,
fistula tracheooesophagea atque tracheooesophageal fistula;
atresia oesophagea oesophageal atresia, esophageal
atresia; renal and limb anomalies
1933 Anomaliae vertebrarum Anomalies of cervical vertebrae Anomalies of cervical vertebrae

cervicalium
1934 Brevicollum Brevicollis Brevicollis
1935 Brevicollum congenitum Congenital brevicollis Congenital brevicollis §Klippel-Feil sequence§
1936 Occipitalisatio atlantis Occipitalization of atlas Occipitalization of atlas
1937 Costa cervicalis Cervical rib Cervical rib
1938 Scapula alta congenita Congenital high scapula Congenital high scapula §Sprengel deformity§

1939
1940 Anomaliae vertebrarum Anomalies of thoracic vertebrae Anomalies of thoracic vertebrae
thoracicarum
1941 Vertebra thoracica addita Supernumerary thoracic vertebra Supernumerary thoracic vertebra
1942 Lumbarisatio vertebrae thoracicae Lumbarisation of thoracic vertebra Lumbarisation of thoracic vertebra
1943 Anomaliae vertebrarum Anomalies of lumbar vertebrae Anomalies of lumbar vertebrae

lumbalium
1944 Costa lumbalis Lumbar rib Lumbar rib
1945 Vertebra lumbalis supernumeraria Supernumerary lumbar vertebra Supernumerary lumbar vertebra
1946 Sacralisatio vertebrae lumbalis Sacralisation of fifth lumbar Sacralisation of fifth lumbar
quintae vertebra vertebra
1947 Anomaliae vertebrarum Anomalies of sacrococcygeal Anomalies of sacrococcygeal

sacrococcygealium vertebrae vertebrae
1948 Vertebra sacralis supernumeraria Supernumerary sacral vertebra Supernumerary sacral vertebra
1949 Absentia vertebrae sacralis Absent sacral vertebra Absent sacral vertebra
1950 Lumbalisatio vertebrae sacralis Lumbarization of first sacral Lumbarization of first sacral
primae vertebra vertebra
1951 Vertebra coccygealis Supernumerary coccygeal vertebra Supernumerary coccygeal vertebra
supernumeraria
1952 Vertebra coccygealis absens Absent coccygeal vertebra Absent coccygeal vertebra
1953 Teratoma sacrococcygeale Sacrococcygeal teratoma Sacrococcygeal teratoma
1954 Anomaliae caveae thoracicae Thoracic cage anomalies Thoracic cage anomalies
1955 Schistosternia Cleft sternum Cleft sternum
1956 Foramen sternale Sternal foramen Sternal foramen
1957 Processus xiphoideus bifidus Cleft xiphoid process Cleft xiphoid process
1958 Costa bifida Costa bifurcata Bifid rib Bifid rib Forked rib
1959 Costa supernumeraria Supernumerary rib Supernumerary rib Accessory rib
1960 Pectus excavatum Funnel chest Funnel chest
1961 Costae conjunctae Fused ribs Fused ribs
1962 Pectus carinatum Pigeon chest Pigeon chest Keel chest
1963 Anomaliae membrorum et Limb and other appendicular Limb and other appendicular
aliarum partium skeleti skeletal anomalies skeletal anomalies
appendicularis
1964 Absentiae Absences Absences
1965 Absentiae longitudinales Longitudinal absences Longitudinal absences
1966 Absentiae centrales Central absences Central absences
1967 Absentiae transversae Transverse absences Transverse absences
1968 Absentiae terminales Terminal absences Terminal absences
1969 Conjunctiones Fusions Fusions

1970 Conjunctio articulationis Fused glenohumeral joint Fused glenohumeral joint
glenohumeralis

1971 Conjunctio articulationis cubiti Fused elbow joint Fused elbow joint
1972 Conjunctio articulationis Fused distal radio-ulnar joint Fused distal radioulnar joint
radioulnaris distalis
1973 Conjunctio articulationis carpi Fused carpal joint Fused carpal joint
1974 Conjunctio articulationis Fused intermetacarpal joint Fused intermetacarpal joint
intermetacarpalis
1975 Conjunctio articulationis Fused metacarpophalangeal joint Fused metacarpophalangeal joint
metacarpophalange-alis
1976 Conjunctio articulationis Fused interphalangeal joint Fused interphalangeal joint
interphalangeae
1977 Conjunctio digitorum Fused digits Fused digits
1978 Conjunctio pollicis Fused thumb Fused thumb
1979 Conjunctio articulationis coxae Fused hip joint Fused hip joint
1980 Conjunctio articulationis genus Fused knee joint Fused knee joint
1981 Conjunctio articulationis Fused tibiofibular joint Fused tibiofibular joint
tibiofibularis
1982 Conjunctio articulationis Fused ankle joint Fused ankle joint
talocruralis
1983 Conjunctio articulationis tarsi Fused tarsal joint Fused tarsal joint
1984 Conjunctio articulationis Fused intermetatarsal joint Fused intermetatarsal joint
intermetatarsalis
1985 Conjunctio articulationis Fused interphalangeal joint Fused interphalangeal joint
interphalangeae
1986 Conjunctio digitorum Fused digits Fused digits
1987 Conjunctio hallucis Fused great toe Fused great toe
1988 Dysmeliae Limb anomalies Limb anomalies

1989 Amelia Amelia Amelia Absence of limb
1990 Brachymelia Brachymelia Brachymelia
1991 Dimelia Dimelia Dimelia
1992 Dolichostenomelia Dolichostenomelia Dolichostenomelia
1993 Ectromelia Ectromelia Ectromelia
1994 Hemimeliae Hemimeliae Hemimeliae
1995 Hemimelia partialis longitudinalis Partial longitudinal hemimelia Partial longitudinal hemimelia
1996 Hemimelia partialis transversalis Partial transverse hemimelia Partial transverse hemimelia
1997 Macromelia Macromelia Macromelia
1998 Meromelia Meromelia Meromelia
1999 Micromelia Micromelia Micromelia
2000 Notomelia Notomelia Notomelia
2001 Peromelia Peromelia Peromelia
2002 Phocomelia Phocomelia Phocomelia
2003 Phocomelia preaxialis Pre-axial phocomelia Preaxial phocomelia
2004 Phocomelia postaxialis Postaxial phocomelia Postaxial phocomelia
2005 Polymelia Polymelia Polymelia
2006 Rhizomelia Rhizomelia Rhizomelia
2007 Schistomelia Schistomelia Schistomelia

2008 Sirenomelia Sirenomelia Sirenomelia
2009 Symmelia Symmelia Symmelia
2010 Dysbrachiae Arm anomalies Arm anomalies

2011 Abrachia Abrachia; Absence of arm Abrachia; Absence of arm
2012 Hemihypertrophia brachii Brachial hemihypertrophy Brachial hemihypertrophy
2013 Macrobrachia Macrobrachia Macrobrachia
2014 Microbrachia Microbrachia Microbrachia
2015 Tribrachia Tribrachia Tribrachia
2016 Dyscheiriae et variationes Hand anomalies and variations Hand anomalies and variations
crescentiae manus
2017 Absentia radii manus Absent hand ray Absent hand ray
2018 Acheiria Acheiria Acheiria Absence of hand
2019 Dicheiria Dicheiria Dicheiria
2020 Deviatio radialis manus Radial deviation of hand Radial deviation of hand Radial club hand
2021 Deviatio ulnaris manus Ulnar deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand Ulnar club hand
2022 Macrocheiria Macrocheiria Macrocheiria Prominent hand
2023 Manus compressa in pugnum Clenched hand Clenched hand
2024 Microcheiria Acromicria; Manus parva Microcheiria Microcheiria Small hand
2025 Manus trifida Trident hand Trident hand
2026 Os metacarpi breve Short metacarpal Short metacarpal
2027 Palma brevis Short palm Short palm
2028 Palma angusta Narrow palm Narrow palm
2029 Palma lata Broad palm Broad palm Wide palm
2030 Palma longa Long palm Long palm
2031 Absentia rugae palmaris Absent palmar crease Absent palmar crease
2032 Schistocheiria Cheiroschisis; Manus fissus; Cleft hand Cleft hand Split hand; Ectrodactyly; Bifurcate
Manus bifurcatus hand; Lobster claw hand
2033 Talipomanus Club hand Club hand

2034 Talipomanus radialis Radial talipomanus Radial talipomanus Manus valgus
2035 Talipomanus ulnaris Ulnar talipomanus Ulnar talipomanus Manus varus
2036 Dyspodiae et variationes Foot anomalies and variations Foot anomalies and variations
crescentiae pedis
2037 Absentia radii pedis Absent foot ray Absent foot ray
2038 Acheiropodia Acheiropodia Acheiropodia Thanatophoric dysplasia
2039 Apodia Apodia Apodia Absence of foot
2040 Apodia partialis Partial apodia Partial apodia Partial absence of foot
2041 Calx prominens Prominent heel Prominent heel
2042 Dipodia Dipodia Dipodia
2043 Macropodia Macropodia Macropodia
2044 Metatarsus adductus Metatarsus adductus Metatarsus adductus
2045 Micropodia Micropodia Micropodia
2046 Os metatarsi breve Short metatarsal Short metatarsal

2047 Monopodia Monopodia Monopodia
2048 Pes brevis Short foot Short foot
2049 Pes cavus Pes cavus Pes cavus
2050 Pes latus Broad foot Broad foot Wide foot
2051 Pes longus Long foot Long foot
2052 Pes planus Pes planus Pes planus
2053 Pes angustus Narrow foot Narrow foot Slender foot
2054 Planta convexa Convex sole Convex sole
2055 Ruga plantaris longitudinalis Deep longitudinal plantar crease Deep longitudinal plantar crease
profunda
2056 Schistopodia Podoschisis Schistopodia Schistopodia Cleft foot; Split foot; Ectrodactyly;
Lobster claw deformity
2057 Sympodia Sympodia Sympodia
2058 Tripodia Tripodia Tripodia
2059 Talipes Club foot Club foot Endnote 189

2060 Talipes calcaneovalgus Talipes calcaneovalgus Talipes calcaneovalgus
2061 Talipes calcaneovarus Talipes calcaneovarus Talipes calcaneovarus
2062 Talipes calcaneus Talipes calcaneus Talipes calcaneus
2063 Talipes calcaneus verticalis Talipes calcaneus verticalis Talipes calcaneus verticalis
2064 Talipes cavus Talipes plantaris Talipes cavus Talipes cavus Talipes plantaris
2065 Talipes cavovalgus Talipes cavovalgus Talipes cavovalgus
2066 Talipes cavovarus Talipes cavovarus Talipes cavovarus
2067 Talipes equinovalgus Talipes equinovalgus Talipes equinovalgus
2068 Talipes equinovarus Talipes equinovarus Talipes equinovarus
2069 Talipes equinus Talipes equinus Talipes equinus
2070 Talipes planus Pes planus Talipes planus Talipes planus Flat foot
2071 Talipes planovalgus Talipes planovalgus Talipes planovalgus
2072 Talipes talipomanus Talipes talipomanus Talipes talipomanus
2073 Talipes talus verticalis Talipes talus verticalis Talipes talus verticalis
2074 Talipes transversoplanus Talipes transversoplanus Talipes transversoplanus
2075 Talipes valgus Talipes valgus Talipes valgus
2076 Talipes varus Talipes varus Talipes varus
2077 Metatarsus adductocavus Metatarsus adductocavus Metatarsus adductocavus
2078 Metatarsus adductovarus Metatarsus adductovarus Metatarsus adductovarus
2079 Metatarsus adductus Metatarsus adductus Metatarsus adductus
2080 Metatarsus atavicus Metatarsus brevis Short first metatarsal Short first metatarsal
2081 Metatarsus latus Broad foot Broad foot Spread foot
2082 Metatarsus varus Metatarsus varus Metatarsus varus
2083 Dysdactyliae et variationes Anomalies and variations of Anomalies and variations of

digitorum digits digits
2084 Adactylia Adactylia Adactylia Absence of all digits
2085 Adactylia partim Partial adactylia Partial adactylia Absence of four or fewer digits of
one limb
2086 Adactylia pollicis Absence of thumb Absence of thumb

2087 Adactylia hallucis Absent hallux Absent hallux Absent great toe
2088 Adactylia pollicis partim Partial absence of thumb Partial absence of thumb
2089 Aphalangia Aphalangia Aphalangia
2090 Brachydactylia Brachydactyly Brachydactyly Short digit
2091 Brachytelephalangia Brachytelephalangy Brachytelephalangy Short distal phalanx
2092 Camptodactylia Camptodactyly Camptodactyly
2093 Clinodactylia Clinodactyly Clinodactyly
2094 Constrictio anularis Anular constriction Annular constriction Constriction ring
2095 Contractura Contracture Contracture
2096 Deviatio radialis digiti Radial deviation of digit Radial deviation of digit
2097 Deviatio ulnaris digiti Ulnar deviation of digit Ulnar deviation of digit
2098 Digiti radiantes Splayed digits Splayed digits
2099 Digitus gracilis Slender digit Slender digit Narrow digit
2100 Digitus clavatus Clubbed digit Clubbed digit
2101 Digitus latus Broad digit Broad digit Thick digit
2102 Digitus longus Arachnodactylia Long digit Long digit Arachnodactyly
2103 Digitus superpositus Overlapping finger Overlapping finger
2104 Digitus attenuatus Tapering digit Tapering digit
2105 Dystelephalangia Dystelephalangy Dystelephalangy §Kirner§
2106 Hallux latus Broad hallux Broad hallux Broad great toe
2107 Hiatus spatii interdigiti primi pedis Sandal gap Sandal gap
2108 Hyperphalangia Polyphalangia Hyperphalangy Hyperphalangy
2109 Hypodactylia Hypodactyly Hypodactyly Absent digit
2110 Hypophalangia Hypophalangy Hypophalangy Partial absence of digit
2111 Macrodactylia Macrodactyly Macrodactyly Megalodactyly; Pachydactyly
2112 Microdactylia Microdactyly Microdactyly Hypoplastic digit; Small digit
2113 Oligodactylia Oligodactyly Oligodactyly
2114 Phalanx deltoidea Deltoid phalanx Deltoid phalanx
2115 Pollex adductus Adducted thumb Adducted thumb
2116 Pollex latus Broad thumb Broad thumb
2117 Pollex viatoris Hitchhiker thumb Hitchhiker thumb
2118 Pollex locatus proximaliter Proximally located thumb Proximally located thumb
2119 Polydactylia Polydactyly Polydactyly
2120 Polydactylia mesoaxialis Meso-axial polydactyly Mesoaxial polydactyly
2121 Polydactylia centralis Central polydactyly Central polydactyly
2122 Polydactylia intercalata Intercalary polydactyly Intercalary polydactyly Insertional polydactyly
2123 Polydactylia partialis Partial polydactyly Partial polydactyly
2124 Polydactylia preaxialis Pre-axial polydactyly Preaxial polydactyly Ulnar polydactyly
2125 Polydactylia postaxialis Postaxial polydactyly Postaxial polydactyly
2126 Polydactylia symmetrica Symmetrical polydactyly Symmetrical polydactyly Mirror image polydactyly
2127 Pulvinus digiti prominens Prominent digit pad Prominent digit pad Foetal digit pad
2128 Polysyndactylia Polysyndactyly Polysyndactyly
2129 Separatio digitorum lata Widely spaced digits Widely spaced digits
2130 Symphalangia Symphalangy Symphalangy
2131 Syndactylia; Ankylodactylia Syndactyly Syndactyly Ankylodactyly; Zygodactyly
2132 Syndactylia cutanea Cutaneous syndactyly Cutaneous syndactyly

2133 Syndactylia ossea Osseous syndactyly Osseous syndactyly
2134 Syndactylia preaxialis Pre-axial syndactyly Preaxial syndactyly
2135 Syndactylia postaxialis Postaxial syndactyly Postaxial syndactyly
2136 Triphalangia Triphalangy Triphalangy
2137 Triphalangia pollicis Triphalangy of thumb Triphalangy of thumb
2138 Triphalangia hallucis Triphalangy of big toe Triphalangy of big toe
2139 Musculi Systema musculare Muscles Muscles Muscular system Endnote 190
2141 Mesenchyma Mesenchyme Mesenchyme
2143 Mesenchyma prechordale Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal mesenchyme
2145 Mesoderma Mesoderm Mesoderm
2146 Mesoderma segmentatum Segmented mesoderm Segmented mesoderm
2147 Mesoderma nonsegmentatum Unsegmented mesoderm Unsegmented mesoderm
2148 Mesoderma capitis Unsegmented head mesoderm Unsegmented head mesoderm
nonsegmentatum
2149 Chorda hypoglossalis Hypoglossal cord Hypoglossal cord
2150 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Pharyngomeric mesenchyme
2153 Placoda epipharyngea Epipharyngeal placode Epipharyngeal placode
2154 Somitomerum Somitomere Somitomere
2156 Dermomyotomus Dermatomyotomus Dermomyotome Dermomyotome Dermatomyotome
2157 Myotomus Myotome Myotome
2159 Mesenchyma gemmarum Mesenchyme of limb buds Mesenchyme of limb buds Appendicular mesenchyme
membrorum
2160 Striomyohistogenesis noncardiaca Noncardiac striomyohistogenesis Noncardiac striomyohistogenesis See Myohistogenesis in General
histogenesis (Part 1, Chapter 4)
2161 M. epaxialis M. primaxialis Epaxial muscle Epaxial muscle Primaxial muscle
2162 M. hypaxialis M. abaxialis Hypaxial muscle Hypaxial muscle Abaxial muscle
2163 M. preaxialis Pre-axial muscle Preaxial muscle
2164 M. postaxialis Postaxial muscle Postaxial muscle
2165 M. appendicularis Appendicular muscle Appendicular muscle
2166 Mm. compartmentorum Muscles of limb compartments Muscles of limb compartments See Terminologia Anatomica
membrorum
2167 Tendinogenesis Tendinogenesis Tendinogenesis See General histogenesis
2168 Tendo Tendon Tendon
2169 Aponeurosis Aponeurosis Aponeurosis
2170 Fascia Fascia Fascia
2171 Epimysium Epimysium Epimysium
2172 Perimysium Perimysium Perimysium
2173 Endomysium Endomysium Endomysium

2174 Motus dilatationis Dilation movement Dilation movement
2175 M. unisegmentalis Unisegmental muscle Unisegmental muscle
2176 M. multisegmentalis Multisegmental muscle Multisegmental muscle
2177 MESENCHYMA PRECHORDALE PRECHORDAL MESENCHYME PRECHORDAL MESENCHYME

2178 Primordia musculorum Extra-ocular muscle primordia Extraocular muscle primordia Endnote 191
externorum bulbi oculi
2179 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of extra-ocular muscles Blastemata of extraocular muscles
externorum bulbi oculi
2180 Blastema musculi recti lateralis Blastema of lateral rectus muscle Blastema of lateral rectus muscle
2181 MESENCHYMA PHARYNGOMERIC PHARYNGOMERIC

PHARYNGOMERICUM MESENCHYME MESENCHYME
2182 Primordium musculare arcus First pharyngeal arch muscle First pharyngeal arch muscle
pharyngei primi primordium primordium
2183 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of muscles of Blastemata of muscles of Endnote 192
masticatoriorum mastication mastication
2184 Blastema musculi tensoris veli Blastema of tensor veli palatini Blastema of tensor veli palatini
palatini
2185 Blastema musculi tensoris tympani Blastema of tensor tympani Blastema of tensor tympani §Eustachius§
2186 Primordium musculare arcus Second pharyngeal arch muscle Second pharyngeal arch muscle
pharyngei secundi primordium primordium
2187 Blastemata musculorum faciei Blastemata of facial muscles Blastemata of facial muscles Endnote 193
2188 Blastema musculi stapedii Blastema of stapedius Blastema of stapedius
2189 Primordium musculare arcus Third pharyngeal arch muscle Third pharyngeal arch muscle
pharyngei tertii primordium primordium
2190 Blastema musculi stylopharyngei Blastema of stylopharyngeus Blastema of stylopharyngeus

2191 Primordium musculare arcus Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle
pharyngei quarti primordium primordium
2192 Blastemata musculorum levatoris Blastemata of levator veli palatini, Blastemata of levator veli palatini,
veli palatini et uvulae atque m. uvulae, palatoglossus and m. uvulae, palatoglossus and
palatoglossi et palatopharyngei palatopharyngeus palatopharyngeus
2193 Primordium musculare arcus Sixth pharyngeal arch muscle Sixth pharyngeal arch muscle
pharyngei sexti primordium primordium
2194 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Blastemata of laryngeal muscles
laryngeorum
2195 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of superior, middle and Blastemata of superior, middle and
constrictorium superioris, medii et inferior pharyngeal constrictors and inferior pharyngeal constrictors and
inferioris pharyngis atque of salpingopharyngeus of salpingopharyngeus
salpingopharyngei
2196 MYOTOMI MYOTOMES MYOTOMES

2197 Myotomi occipitales Occipital myotomes Occipital myotomes

2198 Primordium musculorum Tongue muscle primordium Tongue muscle primordium
linguae
2199 Blastemata musculorum linguae Blastemata of tongue muscles Blastemata of tongue muscles
2200 Myotomi occipitocervicales Occipitocervical myotomes Occipitocervical myotomes

2201 Myotomi occipitocervicales Epaxial occipitocervical myotomes Epaxial occipitocervical myotomes
epaxiales
2202 Myotomi occipitocervicales Hypaxial occipitocervical Hypaxial occipitocervical
hypaxiales myotomes myotomes
2203 Mm. infrahyoidei Infrahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles
2204 Myotomi postoccipitales Postoccipital myotomes Postoccipital myotomes

2205 Partes epaxiales myotomorum Epaxial parts of postoccipital Epaxial parts of postoccipital
postoccipitalium myotomes myotomes
2206 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of suboccipital muscles Blastemata of suboccipital muscles
suboccipitalium
2207 Blastemata musculorum dorsi Blastemata of muscles of back Blastemata of muscles of back
2208 Partes hypaxiales myotomorum Hypaxial parts of postoccipital Hypaxial parts of postoccipital
postoccipitalium myotomes myotomes
2209 Blastemata musculorum pharyngis Blastemata of pharyngeal muscles Blastemata of pharyngeal muscles
2210 Blastemata musculorum laryngis Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Blastemata of laryngeal muscles
2211 Blastema musculi Blastema of sternocleidomastoid Blastema of sternocleidomastoid Endnote 194
sternocleidomastoidei
2212 Blastema musculi trapezii Blastema of trapezius Blastema of trapezius
2213 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of suprahyoid muscles Blastemata of suprahyoid muscles
suprahyoideorum
2214 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of infrahyoid muscles Blastemata of infrahyoid muscles
infrahyoideorum
2215 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of prevertebral Blastemata of prevertebral
prevertebralium muscles muscles
2216 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of scalene muscles Blastemata of scalene muscles
scalenorum
2217 Blastema textus muscularis striati Blastema of oesophageal striated Blastema of oesophageal striated
oesophagei muscle tissue muscle tissue
2218 Blastemata muscularia Muscular blastemata of diaphragm Muscular blastemata of diaphragm
diaphragmatis
2219 Blastemata musculorum parietis Blastemata of muscles of thoracic Blastemata of muscles of thoracic
thoracici wall wall
2220 Blastemata musculorum parietis Blastemata of muscles of anterior Blastemata of muscles of anterior
abdominalis anterioris abdominal wall abdominal wall
2221 Blastemata diaphragmatis pelvis Blastemata of pelvic diaphragm Blastemata of pelvic diaphragm
2222 Blastema musculi sphincteris ani Blastema of external anal sphincter Blastema of external anal sphincter
externi
2223 Blastemata musculorum regionis Blastemata of muscles of Blastemata of muscles of
urogenitalis urogenital triangle urogenital triangle

2224 Myotomi abdominales Abdominal myotomes Abdominal myotomes
2225 Ectoderma embryonicum anuli Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical Endnote 195
umbilicalis ring ring
2227 Mesenchyma ex eminentia Mesenchyme from caudal Mesenchyme from caudal Endnote 196
2228 Blastemata musculorum parietis Blastemata of muscles of anterior Blastemata of muscles of anterior
abdominalis anterioris abdominal wall abdominal wall
2229 Blastema musculi recti Blastema of rectus abdominis Blastema of rectus abdominis Endnote 197
abdominis
2230 Blastema musculi obliqui externi Blastema of external oblique Blastema of external oblique
abdominis
2231 Blastema musculi obliqui interni Blastema of internal oblique Blastema of internal oblique
abdominis
2232 Blastema musculi transversi Blastema of transversus Blastema of transversus
abdominis abdominis abdominis
2233 Blastema musculi quadrati Blastema of quadratus lumborum Blastema of quadratus lumborum
lumborum
2234 Occlusio parietis abdominalis Closure of anterior abdominal wall Closure of anterior abdominal wall
anterioris
2235 Anulus umbilicalis Umbilical ring Umbilical ring Endnote 198
2236 Anomaliae parietis abdominalis Anomalies of anterior abdominal Anomalies of anterior abdominal
anterioris wall wall
2237 Occlusio noncompleta Incomplete closure Incomplete closure Defective formation
2238 Syndroma defectionis musculorum Abdominal muscle deficiency Abdominal muscle deficiency
abdominalium syndrome syndrome
2239 Aplasia musculorum abdominis Prune-belly syndrome Prune belly syndrome
2240 Eventratio Eventration Eventration
2241 Gastroschisis Gastroschisis Gastroschisis
2242 Schistocoelia Coeloschisis Schistocoele Schistocele Celoschisis
2243 Exomphalos Exomphalos Exomphalos
2244 Omphalocoelia Omphalocoele Omphalocele Umbilical eventration
2245 Myotomi membri superioris Upper limb myotomes Upper limb myotomes
2246 Primordium musculare dorsale Dorsal muscle mass Dorsal muscle mass Dorsal muscle primordium
2247 Blastemata in compartimento Blastemata in posterior Blastemata in posterior
posteriore brachii compartment of arm compartment of arm
posteriore antebrachii compartment of forearm compartment of forearm
2249 Blastemata musculorum deltoidei Blastemata of deltoid and teres Blastemata of deltoid and teres
et teretis minoris minor minor
2250 Blastema musculi latissimi dorsi Blastema of latissimus dorsi Blastema of latissimus dorsi
2251 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of rhomboid muscles Blastemata of rhomboid muscles
rhomboideorum

2252 Blastema musculi levatoris Blastema of levator scapulae Blastema of levator scapulae
scapulae
2253 Blastema musculi serrati anterioris Blastema of serratus anterior Blastema of serratus anterior
2254 Blastema musculi teretis majoris Blastema of teres major Blastema of teres major
2255 Blastema musculi subscapularis Blastema of subscapularis Blastema of subscapularis
2256 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of supraspinatus and Blastemata of supraspinatus and
supraspinati et infraspinati infraspinatus infraspinatus
2257 Primordium musculare ventrale Ventral muscle mass Ventral muscle mass Ventral muscle primordium
2258 Blastemata in compartimento Blastemata in anterior Blastemata in anterior
anteriore brachii compartment of arm compartment of arm
anteriore antebrachii compartment of orearm compartment of orearm
2260 Blastemata musculorum manus Blastemata of muscles of hand Blastemata of muscles of hand
2261 Myotomi membri inferioris Lower limb myotomes Lower limb myotomes
2262 Primordium musculare dorsale Dorsal muscle mass Dorsal muscle mass Dorsal muscle primordium
anteriore femoris compartment of thigh compartment of thigh
anteriore cruris compartment of leg compartment of leg
2265 Blastema musculi tensoris fasciae Blastema of tensor fasciae latae Blastema of tensor fasciae latae Blastema of tensor of fascia lata
latae
2266 Blastema capitis brevis musculi Blastema of short head of biceps Blastema of short head of biceps
bicipitis femoris femoris femoris
2267 Blastemata in compartimento Blastemata in lateral compartment Blastemata in lateral compartment
laterale cruris of leg of leg
2268 Blastema musculorum dorsalium Blastema of dorsal muscles of foot Blastema of dorsal muscles of foot
pedis
2269 Blastemata musculorum gluteorum Blastemata of gluteus maximus, Blastemata of gluteus maximus,
maximi, medii et minimi medius and minimus medius and minimus
2270 Blastema musculi piriformis Blastema of piriformis Blastema of piriformis
2271 Blastemata musculi iliopsoatis Blastemata of iliopsoas Blastemata of iliopsoas
2272 Primordium musculare ventrale Ventral muscle mass Ventral muscle mass Ventral muscle primordium
2273 Blastemata in compartimento Blastemata in medial compartment Blastemata in medial compartment Endnote 199
mediale femoris of thigh of thigh
2274 Blastemata in compartimento Blastemata in posterior Blastemata in posterior Endnote 199
posteriore femoris compartment of thigh compartment of thigh
posteriore cruris compartment of leg compartment of leg
2276 Blastemata musculorum Blastemata of plantar muscles of Blastemata of plantar muscles of
plantarium pedis foot foot
2277 Blastema musculorum obturatorii Blastema of obturator internus and Blastema of obturator internus and Endnote 200
interni et gemellorum gemelli gemelli
2278 Blastema musculi quadrati femoris Blastema of quadratus femoris Blastema of quadratus femoris
2279 Diaphragma Diaphragm Diaphragm

2281 Pars diaphragmatica septi Diaphragmatic part of septum Diaphragmatic part of septum
transversi transversum transversum
2282 Pars pleuroperitonealis Pleuroperitoneal part of diaphragm Pleuroperitoneal part of diaphragm
diaphragmatis
2283 Pars parietalis diaphragmatis Body wall part of diaphragm Body wall part of diaphragm
2284 Diaphragma membranaceum Membranous diaphragm Membranous diaphragm
2285 ANOMALIAE MUSCULORUM ANOMALIES OF MUSCLES ANOMALIES OF MUSCLES

2286 Massa premuscularis Premuscle mass Premuscle mass
2287 Subdivisio aucta massae Increased subdivision Increased subdivision
premuscularis
2288 Subdivisio deminuta Decreased subdivision Decreased subdivision
premuscularis
2289 Subdivisio anomala massae Abnormal subdivision Abnormal subdivision
premuscularis
2290 Subdivisio partialis musculi Partial muscle subdivision Partial muscle subdivision
2291 Subdivisio totalis musculi Complete muscle subdivision Complete muscle subdivision
2292 Musculus duplicatus Duplicatio musculi Muscle duplication Muscle duplication
2293 Musculus anomalus Anomalous muscle Anomalous muscle
2294 Musculus supernumerarius Supernumerary muscle Supernumerary muscle
2295 Musculi coacti Fused muscles Fused muscles
2296 Fasciculus intermuscularis Intermuscular slip Intermuscular slip
accessorius
2297 Hyperplasia musculi Muscle hyperplasia Muscle hyperplasia
2298 Hypoplasia musculi Muscle hypoplasia Muscle hypoplasia
2299 Aplasia musculi Complete muscle absence Complete muscle absence
2300 Pars musculi absens Partial muscle absence Partial muscle absence
2301 Caput musculi absens Absent muscle head Absent muscle head
2302 Caput musculi supernumerarium Supernumerary muscle head Supernumerary muscle head
2303 Fasciculus musculi absens Absent muscle slip Absent muscle slip
2304 Fasciculus musculi Supernumerary muscle slip Supernumerary muscle slip
supernumerarius
2305 Fasciculus musculi accessorius Accessory muscle slip Accessory muscle slip
2306 Origo musculi extensa Extended muscle origin Extended muscle origin
2307 Insertio musculi extensa Extended muscle insertion Extended muscle insertion
2308 Fasciculus originis accessorius Additional slip of origin Additional slip of origin
2309 Origo musculi deminuta Reduced muscle origin Reduced muscle origin
2310 Insertio musculi deminuta Reduced muscle insertion Reduced muscle insertion
2311 Origo accessoria musculi Accessory muscle origin Accessory muscle origin
2312 Insertio accessoria musculi Accessory muscle insertion Accessory muscle insertion
2313 Lamellatio musculi Muscle lamellation Muscle lamellation
2314 Insertio tendinis anomala Anomalous tendinous insertion Anomalous tendinous insertion
2315 Intersectio tendinis anomala Anomalous tendinous intersection Anomalous tendinous intersection
2316 Tendo fissus Cleft tendon Cleft tendon
2317 Anomaliae diaphragmatis Anomalies of diaphragm Anomalies of diaphragm

2318 Trigonum vertebrocostale Vertebrocostal trigone Vertebrocostal trigone
2319 Herniae diaphragmaticae Congenital diaphragmatic Congenital diaphragmatic
congenitae hernias hernias
2320 Hernia posterolateralis Posterolateral hernia Posterolateral hernia §Foramen of Bochdalek hernia§
2321 Hernia sternocostalis Sternocostal hernia Sternocostal hernia Parasternal hernia §Foramen of Morgagni hernia§
2322 Hernia hiatalis Hiatus hernia Hiatus hernia
2323 Hernia fluitans hiatus Hernia fluitans oesophagi Sliding hiatus hernia Sliding hiatus hernia Sliding hernia of oesophagus;
Sliding hernia of esophagus
2324 Hernia hiatalis Para-oesophageal hiatal Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
paraoesophagea hernia
2325 Oesophagus brevis congenitus Congenital short oesophagus Congenital short esophagus
2326 Eventratio diaphragmatis Eventration of the diaphragm Eventration of the diaphragm
2327 Facies Face Face See also Exernal ear and Nose
2329 Epidermis Epidermis Epidermis
2330 Periderma Periderm Periderm
2331 Epitrichium Epitrichium Epitrichium
2332 Mesoderma Mesoderm Mesoderm
2333 Zona ectodermatis facialis Facial ectodermal zone Facial ectodermal zone
2334 Zona ectodermatis frontonasalis Frontonasal ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone
2336 Mesoderma prechordale Prechordal mesoderm Prechordal mesoderm
2337 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Pharyngomeric mesenchyme
2341 Stomodeum Stomatodeum Stomodeum Stomodeum
2342 Membrana oropharyngea Membrana buccopharyngea Oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal membrane Buccopharyngeal membrane
2343 Processus frontonasalis Prominentia frontonasalis Frontonasal process Frontonasal process Frontonasal prominence
2344 Prominentia frontalis Processus frontalis Frontal prominence Frontal prominence Frontal process
2345 Placoda nasalis Placoda olfactoria Nasal placode Nasal placode Olfactory placode Endnote 201
2346 Fovea nasalis Nasal pit Nasal pit
2347 Saccus nasalis Nasal sac Nasal sac
2348 Pinna nasalis Nasal fin Nasal fin
2349 Prominentia nasalis medialis Processus nasalis medialis Medial nasal prominence Medial nasal prominence Medial nasal process
2350 Prominentia nasalis lateralis Processus nasalis lateralis Lateral nasal prominence Lateral nasal prominence Lateral nasal process
2351 Naris Naris Naris
2353 Membrana oronasalis Oronasal membrane Oronasal membrane
2354 Obturamentum epitheliale nasale Nasal epithelial plug Nasal epithelial plug
2355 Arcus mandibularis Mandibular arch Mandibular arch
2356 Arcus hyoideus Hyoid arch Hyoid arch
2357 Processus maxillaris Prominentia maxillaris Maxillary process Maxillary process Maxillary prominence
2358 Processus mandibularis Prominentia mandibularis Mandibular process Mandibular process Mandibular prominence
2359 Crescentia rostralis faciei Rostral growth of face Rostral growth of face

2360 Crescentia transversa faciei Transverse growth of face Transverse growth of face
2361 Crescentia longitudinalis faciei Longitudinal growth of face Longitudinal growth of face
2362 Primordium labii Primordium of lip Primordium of lip
2363 Primordium buccae Primordium of cheek Primordium of cheek
2364 Primordium gingivae Primordium of gum Primordium of gum
2365 Sulcus nasomaxillaris Nasomaxillary groove Nasomaxillary groove
2366 Sulcus nasolacrimalis Sulcus lacrimalis Nasolacrimal groove Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal groove Endnote 202
2367 Lamina lacrimalis Lacrimal lamina Lacrimal lamina Endnote 203
2368 Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Blastema of lacrimal gland Blastema of lacrimal gland Endnote 204
2369 Sulcus interorbitalis Interorbital groove Interorbital groove
2370 Lig. interorbitale Interorbital ligament Interorbital ligament
2371 Labium oris Lip Lip

2372 Lamina labiogingivalis Vestibular lamina Vestibular lamina Labiogingival lamina
2374 Labium fetale et neonatale Fetal and neonatal lip Fetal and neonatal lip Endnote 205
2375 Pars labialis musculi orbicularis Labial part of orbicularis oris Labial part of orbicularis oris
oris
2376 Pars cutanea labii Cutaneous part of lip Cutaneous part of lip
2377 Pars glabra labii Glabrous part of lip Glabrous part of lip
2378 Pars intermedia labii Transition part of lip Transition part of lip Vermilion part of lip
2379 Philtrum Philtrum Philtrum
2380 Arcus cupidinis Cupid’s bow Cupid’s bow
2381 Margo vermilionis Vermilion border Vermilion border
2382 Fissura labialis Labial fissure Labial fissure
2383 Pars villosa labii Villous part of lip Villous part of lip
2384 Villus labialis transiens Transient labial villus Transient labial villus
2385 Torus labialis Torus labialis Torus labialis
2386 Pars mucosa labii Mucosal part of lip Mucosal part of lip
2387 Anomaliae et variationes faciei Facial and craniofacial Facial and craniofacial
et craniofaciales anomalies and variations anomalies and variations
2388 Aprosopia Aprosopy Aprosopy
2389 Diprosopia Diprosopy Diprosopy
2390 Fissura facialis obliqua Prosoposchisis Oblique facial cleft Oblique facial cleft
2391 Fissura mediana faciei Median facial cleft Median facial cleft
2392 Fissura transversa faciei Transverse facial cleft Transverse facial cleft Lateral facial cleft
2393 Fissura mandibulae Cleft mandible Cleft mandible Gnathoschisis
2394 Facies lata Broad face Broad face
2395 Facies angusta Narrow face Narrow face
2396 Facies duplex Duplicated face Duplicated face Janus deformity
2397 Facies longa Long face Long face
2398 Facies brevis Short face Short face
2399 Glabella prominens Prominent glabella Prominent glabella
2400 Ablepharon Ablepharia Ablepharia Ablepharia

2401 Agenesis palpebrae Agenesis of eyelid Agenesis of eyelid
2402 Ptosis Ptosis Ptosis
2403 Coloboma palpebrae Cleft eyelid Cleft eyelid Palpebral coloboma
2404 Epicanthus Epicanthus Epicanthus
2405 Epicanthus inversus Epicanthus inversus Epicanthus inversus
2406 Cystis congenita palpebrae Congenital cyst of eyelid Congenital cyst of eyelid
2407 Palpebra undulata Beaded eyelid Beaded eyelid
2408 Fissura palpebrae longa Long palpebral fissure Long palpebral fissure
2409 Fissura palpebrae brevis Short palpebral fissure Short palpebral fissure
2410 Fissura palpebrae procliva Downslanted palpebral fissure Downslanted palpebral fissure
2411 Fissura palpebrae accliva Upslanted palpebral fissure Upslanted palpebral fissure
2412 Lagophthalmia Lagophthalmos Lagophthalmos
2413 Glandulae tarsals absentes Absent tarsal glands Absent tarsal glands
2414 Punctum lacrimale absens Absent lacrimal punctum Absent lacrimal punctum
2415 Ankyloblepharum Ankyloblepharon; Ankyloblepharia Ankyloblepharia Ankyloblepharia Eyelid senechiae
2416 Supercilium absens Atrichia Absent eyebrow Absent eyebrow
2417 Blepharochalasis Blepharochalasis Blepharochalasis
2418 Blepharophimosis Blepharophimosis Blepharophimosis Blepharostenosis
2419 Blepharosynechia Blepharosynechia Blepharosynechia
2420 Ectopia puncti lacrimalis Ectopic lacrimal punctum Ectopic lacrimal punctum
2421 Ectropion palpebrae Palpebral ectropion Palpebral ectropion
2422 Entropion palpebrae Palpebral entropion Palpebral entropion
2423 Epiblepharum Epiblepharon Epiblepharon Epiblepharon
2424 Euryblepharum Euryblepharon Euryblepharon Euryblepharon
2425 Telecanthus Telecanthus Telecanthus
2426 Agenesis ciliorum palpebrae Agenesis of eyelashes Agenesis of eyelashes Atrichia of eyelashes
2427 Cilia palpebrae ectopica Ectopic eyelashes Ectopic eyelashes
2428 Ordo supernumerarius ciliorum Supernumerary row of eyelashes Supernumerary row of eyelashes
palpebrae
2429 Nasus Nose Nose

2430 Nasus absens Absent nose Absent nose
2431 Hemiaplasia nasi Nasal hemiaplasia Nasal hemiaplasia
2432 Nasus bifidus Bifid nose Bifid nose
2433 Proboscis Proboscis Proboscis
2434 Nasus longus Long nose Long nose
2435 Nasus brevis Short nose Short nose
2436 Nasus latus Wide nose Wide nose
2437 Nasus angustus Narrow nose Narrow nose
2438 Sinus nasi Nasal sinus Nasal sinus
2439 Fissura alae nasi Cleft ala nasi Cleft ala nasi
2440 Naris singularis Single naris Single naris
2441 Naris supernumeraria Supernumerary naris Supernumerary naris
2442 Cartilago nasi absens Absent nasal cartilage Absent nasal cartilage
2443 Labia Lips Lips

2444 Sinus medianus philtri Midline sinus of philtrum Midline sinus of philtrum
2445 Rima oralis longa Wide oral fissure Wide oral fissure
2446 Rima oralis brevis Narrow oral fissure Narrow oral fissure
2447 Os duplex Duplicated mouth Duplicated mouth
2448 Labium duplex Double lip Double lip
2449 Frenulum oris accessorium Accessory oral frenulum Accessory oral frenulum
2450 Synechia oralis Oral synechia Oral synechia
2451 Angulus oris acclivus Upturned oral angle Upturned oral angle
2452 Angulus oris proclivus Downturned oral angle Downturned oral angle
2453 Fovea commissurae labialis Labial commissural pit Labial commissural pit
2454 Fovea labii oris Labial pit Labial pit
2455 Arcus cupidinis absens Absent Cupid’s bow Absent Cupid’s bow
2456 Auris Ear Ear

2457 Ectopia auris Auris ectopica Ectopic ear Ectopic ear
2458 Anotia Anotia Anotia
2459 Synotia Synotia Synotia
2460 Macrotia Macrotia Macrotia
2461 Microtia Microtia Microtia
2462 Polyotia Polyotia Polyotia
2463 Otocephalia Otocephaly Otocephaly
2464 Atresia meatus acustici externi External acoustic meatus atresia External acoustic meatus atresia
2465 Hypoplasia meatus acustici externi External acoustic meatus External acoustic meatus
hypoplasia hypoplasia
2466 Stenosis meatus acustici externi External acoustic meatus stenosis External acoustic meatus stenosis
2467 Meatus acusticus externus Subdivided external acoustic Subdivided external acoustic
subdivisus meatus meatus
2468 Appendix auricularis Auricular appendage Auricular appendage
2469 Appendix preauricularis Pre-auricular appendage Preauricular appendage
2470 Fistula auricularis Auricular fistula Auricular fistula
2471 Unculus preauricularis Ligula preauricularis Pre-auricular tag Preauricular tag
2472 Sinus preauricularis Pre-auricular sinus Preauricular sinus
2473 Fovea preauricularis Pre-auricular pit Preauricular pit
2474 Fistula preauricularis Pre-auricular fistula Preauricular fistula
2475 Cystis preauricularis Pre-auricular cyst Preauricular cyst
2476 Lobulus auricularis bifidus Coloboma lobuli Bifid lobule Bifid lobule Cleft lobule
2477 Pretragus ectopicus Pretragal ectopia Pretragal ectopia
2478 Anomaliae et variationes Anomalies and variations of Anomalies and variations of

crescentiae auriculae auricle auricle
2479 Cryptotia Cryptotia Cryptotia
2480 Unculus auricularis Auricular tag Auricular tag
2481 Fovea auricularis Auricular pit Auricular pit
2482 Fossula auricularis Auricular dimple Auricular dimple
2483 Antihelix absens Absent antihelix Absent antihelix
2484 Crus accessorium antihelicis Additional crus of antihelix Additional crus of antihelix

2485 Tragus bifidus Bifid tragus Bifid tragus
2486 Tragus absens Absent tragus Absent tragus
2487 Tragus duplicatus Duplicated tragus Duplicated tragus
2488 Antitragus bifidus Bifid antitragus Bifid antitragus
2489 Aplasia antitragi Everted antitragus Everted antitragus
2490 Antitragus absens Absent antitragus Absent antitragus
2491 Plica conchae accessoria Extra conchal fold Extra conchal fold
2492 Auricula absens focaliter Focal absence of ear Focal absence of ear
2493 Auricula longa Long ear Long ear
2494 Auricula brevis Short ear Short ear
2495 Auricula demissa Low-set ear Lowset ear
2496 Auricula gibba Protruding ear Protruding ear
2497 Helix scissa Cleft helix Cleft helix
2498 Crus helicis absens Absent crus of helix Absent crus of helix
2499 Incisura helicis Helix notch Helix notch §Darwin§
2500 Tuberculum helicis Helix tubercle Helix tubercle §Darwin§
2501 Fovea helicis posterior Posterior pit of helix Posterior pit of helix
2502 Lobus auris absens Absent lobe Absent lobe
2503 Lobus scissus auris Cleft lobe Cleft lobe
2504 Lobus adjunctus auris Attached lobe Attached lobe
2505 Auris perpendens auris Lop ear Lop ear
2506 Syndromata pertinentia ad Syndromes involving face Syndromes involving face

faciem
2507 Dysostosis craniofacialis Craniofacial dysostosis Craniofacial dysostosis §Crouzon§
2508 Dysostosis mandibulofacialis Mandibulofacial dysostosis Mandibulofacial dysostosis §Treacher-Collins§
2509 Dysplasia faciodigitogenitalis Faciodigitogenital dysplasia Faciodigitogenital dysplasia §Aaskog-Scott§
2510 Dysplasia familiaris fibrosa Cherubismus Familial fibrous dysplasia of jaw Familial fibrous dysplasia of jaw Cherubism
mandibularis
2511 Dysplasia frontonasalis Frontonasal dysplasia Frontonasal dysplasia
2512 Dysplasia craniofrontonasalis Craniofrontonasal dysplasia Craniofrontonasal dysplasia
2513 Hypertelorismus ocularis Ocular hypertelorism Ocular hypertelorism §Greig/Opitz§
2514 Hypotelorismus ocularis Ocular hypotelorism Ocular hypotelorism
2515 Paralysis congenita Congenital abducens-facial Congenital abducens facial §Möbius§
abducentofacialis paralysis paralysis
2516 Sequentia mandibulolinguopalatina Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence §Pierre-Robin§
2517 Spectrum facioauriculovertebrale Facio-auriculovertebral spectrum Facioauriculovertebral spectrum §Goldenhar§
2518 Syndroma blepharocheilodonticum Blepharocheilodontic syndrome Blepharocheilodontic syndrome BCD

2519 Syndromata arcus pharyngei primi First pharyngeal arch syndromes First pharyngeal arch syndromes
2520 Systema digestorium Alimentary system Alimentary system


2522 Primordia systematis digestorii Primordia of alimentary system Primordia of alimentary system
2523 Endoderma vesiculae umbilicalis Endoderma sacci vitellini Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary yolk sac endoderm
secundariae secundarii endoderm endoderm
2524 Pars proximalis vesiculae Pars proximalis sacci vitellini Proximal part of secondary Proximal part of secondary Proximal part of secondary yolk
umbilicalis secundariae secundarii umbilical vesicle umbilical vesicle sac
2525 Mesenchyma partis proximalis Mesenchyma partis proximalis Mesenchyme of proximal part Mesenchyme of proximal part Mesenchyme of proximal part of
vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae sacci vitellini secundarii of secondary umbilical vesicle of secondary umbilical vesicle secondary yolk sac
2526 Pars distalis vesiculae umbilicalis Pars distalis sacci vitellini Distal part of secondary umbilical Distal part of secondary umbilical Distal part of secondary yolk sac Endnote 206
secundariae secundarii vesicle vesicle
2528 Membrana oropharyngea Membrana buccopharyngea Oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal membrane Buccopharyngeal membrane
2531 Ostium rostrale enteri Rostral intestinal portal Rostral intestinal portal Anterior intestinal portal
2532 Primordium intestini medii Primordium of midgut Primordium of midgut
2533 Ostium caudale enteri Caudal intestinal portal Caudal intestinal portal Posterior intestinal portal
2535 Fovea analis Anal pit Anal pit Endnote 207
2536 Cloaca Cloaca Cloaca
2538 Primordium urenteri Primordium intestini postremi; Primordium of postcloacal gut Primordium of postcloacal gut Primordium of tailgut; Primordium
Primordium intestini caudalis of endgut
2539 Cavitas oris Oral cavity Oral cavity

2540 PARS VESTITA INITIALITER PART INITIALLY COVERED BY PART INITIALLY COVERED BY
ECTODERMATIS SOLUM ECTODERM ONLY ECTODERM ONLY
2542 Vestibulum oris Oral vestibule Oral vestibule

2543 Taenia epithelialis primaria Primary epithelial band Primary epithelial band
2544 Lamina dentalis Dental lamina Dental lamina
2545 Lamina labiogingivalis Vestibular lamina Vestibular lamina Labiogingival lamina
2546 Sulcus labiogingivalis Vestibular sulcus Vestibular sulcus Labiogingival sulcus
2547 Vestibulum Vestibule Vestibule
2548 Processus developmentales Developmental processes in
glandularum salivatoriarum salivary glands
2549 Morphogenesis Morphogenesis Morphogenesis
2550 Morphogenesis gemmans Budding morphogenesis Budding morphogenesis
2551 Morphogenesis ramificans Branching morphogenesis Branching morphogenesis
2552 Morphogenesis findens Clefting morphogenesis Clefting morphogenesis
2553 R. primarius pediculi Primary branch of bud Primary branch of bud
2554 R. secundarius pediculi Secondary branch of bud Secondary branch of bud
2555 Ductus intralobularis Intralobular duct Intralobular duct
2557 Tubulus Tubule Tubule
2558 Portio terminalis Endpiece Endpiece Terminal portion

2559 Alveolus Alveolus Alveolus
2560 Acinus serosus Serous acinus Serous acinus
2561 Acinus mucosus Mucous acinus Mucous acinus
2562 Acinus mixtus Mixed acinus Mixed acinus
2563 Glandula parotidea Parotid gland Parotid gland

2564 Ectoderma maxillomandibulare Maxillomandibular ectoderm Maxillomandibular ectoderm
2565 Lamina basalis subectodermalis Subectodermal basal lamina Subectodermal basal lamina
2566 Mesenchyma glandulae parotideae Presumptive parotid mesenchyme Presumptive parotid mesenchyme
presumptivae
2567 Sulcus parotideus Parotid groove Parotid groove
2568 Gemma glandulae parotideae Parotid gland bud Parotid gland bud Endnote 208
2569 Gemma elongata glandulae Elongated parotid gland bud Elongated parotid gland bud
parotideae
2571 Bulbus terminalis Terminal bulb Terminal bulb

2572 Acinus mucosus transiens Transient mucous acinus Transient mucous acinus
2574 R. primarius pediculi glandulae Primary branch of parotid gland Primary branch of parotid gland
parotideae bud bud
2575 Ductus parotideus Parotid duct Parotid duct
2576 Condensatio mesenchymalis Condensation of parotid Condensation of parotid
glandulae parotideae mesenchyme mesenchyme
2577 Fascia parotidea Parotid fascia Parotid fascia Parotid sheath
2579 Primordium buccae Primordium of cheek Primordium of cheek
2580 Primordium gingivae Primordium of gingiva Primordium of gingiva
2582 Processus mandibularis Prominentia mandibularis Mandibular process Mandibular process Mandibular prominence
2583 Frenulum orale Buccal frenulum Buccal frenulum
2584 Organum juxtaorale Juxta-oral organ Juxtaoral organ §Chievitz§

Endnote 209
2585 Ectoderma maxillomandibularis Maxillomandibular ectoderm Maxillomandibular ectoderm
2586 Lamina basalis subectodermalis Subectodermal basal lamina Subectodermal basal lamina
2587 Primordium organi juxtaoralis Primordium of juxta-oral organ Primordium of juxtaoral organ
2588 Primordium organi juxtaoralis Invaginated primordium of Invaginated primordium of
invaginatum juxta-oral organ juxtaoral organ
2589 Primordium organi juxtaoralis Detached primordium of juxta- Detached primordium of
disiunctum oral organ juxtaoral organ
2590 Chorda juxtaoralis cum lumine Juxta-oral cord with lumen Juxtaoral cord with lumen
2591 Mesenchyma maxillomandibulare Maxillomandibular mesenchyme Maxillomandibular mesenchyme
2592 Organum juxtaorale Encapsulated juxta-oral organ Encapsulated juxtaoral organ
encapsulatum
2593 Parenchyma axiale Axial parenchyma Axial parenchyma

2594 Cellula externa plana External flat cell External flat cell
2595 Cellula interna lucida Internal clear cell Internal clear cell
2596 CAVITAS ORIS PROPRIA ORAL CAVITY PROPER ORAL CAVITY PROPER
2597 Primordium adenohypophysis Adenohypophysial primordium Adenohypophyseal primordium
2598 Saccus adenohypophysialis Adenohypophysial pouch Adenohypophyseal pouch
2599 Dens Tooth Tooth

2600 Odontogenesis Tooth formation Tooth formation
2601 Taenia epithelialis primaria Primary epithelial band Primary epithelial band
2603 Status gemmalis odontogenesis Bud stage of odontogenesis Bud stage of odontogenesis
2604 Status galearis odontogenesis Cap stage of odontogenesis Cap stage of odontogenesis
2605 Organum enameleum Enamel organ Enamel organ
2606 Lamina basalis enameli Enamel basal lamina Enamel basal lamina
2607 Nodus enameleus Enamel knot Enamel knot
2608 Nodus enameleus Primary enamel knot Primary enamel knot
primarius
2609 Nodus enameleus Secondary enamel knot Secondary enamel knot
secundarius
2610 Dens unicuspidus Unicuspid tooth Unicuspid tooth
2611 Dens multicuspidus Multicuspid tooth Multicuspid tooth
2612 Papilla dentalis Dental papilla Dental papilla
2613 Folliculus dentalis Dental follicle Dental follicle
2614 Chorda enamelea Enamel cord Enamel cord
2615 Status campanalis Early bell stage of odontogenesis Early bell stage of odontogenesis
odontogenesis
2616 Epithelium enameleum externum External enamel epithelium External enamel epithelium Outer enamel epithelium
2617 Pulpa enamelea Reticulum stellatum Stellate reticulum Stellate reticulum
2618 Stratum intermedium Stratum intermedium Stratum intermedium §Praenand§
2619 Epithelium enameleum internum Internal enamel epithelium Internal enamel epithelium Inner enamel epithelium
2620 Gemma dentis subientis Successional tooth bud Successional tooth bud
2621 Vestigium laminae dentalis Dental laminal remnant Dental laminal remnant
2622 Status serus campanalis Late bell stage of odontogenesis Late bell stage of odontogenesis
odontogenesis
2623 Status coronarius Appositional stage of Appositional stage of
odontogenesis odontogenesis
2624 Amelogenesis Amelogenesis Amelogenesis
2625 Preameloblastus Pre-ameloblast Preameloblast
2626 Ameloblastus Ameloblast Ameloblast
2627 Amelogenesis Amelogenesis Amelogenesis
2628 Tempus secretionis Secretory phase Secretory phase
2629 Prisma enameli Enamel prism Enamel prism Enamel rod
2630 Tempus maturationis Maturation phase Maturation phase
2631 Tempus protectionis Protective phase Protective phase

2632 Vagina epithelialis radicis Epithelial root sheath Epithelial root sheath §Hertwig§
Hertwig’s sheath
2633 Diaphragma vaginae radicis Root sheath diaphragm Root sheath diaphragm
2634 Porus vaginae radicis Root sheath opening Root sheath opening
2635 Fragmentum epitheliale Epithelial rest Epithelial rest §Malassez§
Epithelial rest of Malassez
2636 Ectomesenchyma Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Ectomesenchyme Ectomesenchyme
2637 Papilla dentis Dental papilla Dental papilla
2638 Pulpa dentis Dental pulp Dental pulp
2639 Odontoblastus Odontoblast Odontoblast
2640 Dentinogenesis Dentinogenesis Dentinogenesis
2641 Predentinum Predentine Predentin
2642 Dentinum Dentine Dentin
2643 Dentinum primum Primary dentine Primary dentine
2644 Dentinum secundum Secondary dentine Secondary dentine
2645 Dentinum tertium Tertiary dentine Tertiary dentine
2646 Saccus dentis Dental sac Dental sac Dental follicle
2647 Cellula periodontalis Periodontal cell Periodontal cell
2648 Cementoblastus Cementoblast Cementoblast
2649 Cementogenesis Cementogenesis Cementogenesis
2650 Cementum Cement Cement
2651 Fibroblastus periodontalis Periodontal fibroblast Periodontal fibroblast
2652 Lig. periodontale Periodontal ligament Periodontal ligament
2654 Alveolus dentalis Dental alveolus Dental alveolus Tooth socket
2655 Epithelium enameleum Reduced enamel epithelium Reduced enamel epithelium
reductum
2656 Cuticula enamelea primaria Primary enamel cuticle Primary enamel cuticle §Nasmyth§
Nasmyth’s membrane
2657 Vestigium epithelii enamelei Rest of enamel epithelium Rest of enamel epithelium
2658 Eruptio dentis Tooth eruption Tooth eruption
2659 Canalis eruptionis Eruption canal Eruption canal
2660 Canalis gubernacularis Gubernacular canal Gubernacular canal
2661 Gubernaculum Gubernaculum Gubernaculum
2662 Dens deciduus Deciduous tooth Deciduous tooth
2663 Dentitio decidua Deciduous dentition Deciduous dentition
2664 Dens permanens Permanent tooth Permanent tooth
2665 Dentitio permanens Permanent dentition Permanent dentition
2666 Dentitio mixta Mixed dentition Mixed dentition
2667 Anomaliae dentium Anomalies of teeth Anomalies of teeth

2668 Adamantinoma Ameloblastoma Adamantinoma Adamantinoma Ameloblastoma
2669 Anodontia Anodontia Anodontia
2670 Hypodontia Hypodontia Hypodontia
2671 Hyperdontia Hyperodontia Hyperdontia Hyperdontia
2672 Oligodontia Oligodontia Oligodontia

2673 Polyodontia Hyperodontia Polyodontia Polyodontia Hyperdontia
2674 Mesiodens Mesiodens Mesiodens
2675 Polyphyodontia Polyphyodontia Polyphyodontia
2676 Enameloma Enameloma Enameloma
2677 Macrodontia Macrodontia Macrodontia
2678 Microdontia Microdontia Microdontia
2679 Rhizomegalia Rhizomegaly Rhizomegaly
2680 Rhizomicria Rhizomicry Rhizomicry
2681 Taurodontismus Taurodontism Taurodontism
2682 Opacitas enameli Enamel opacity Enamel opacity
2683 Extensio cervicalis enameli Cervical enamel extension Cervical enamel extension
2684 Concrescentia radicum Concrescence of roots Concrescence of roots
2685 Conjunctio dentium Fusion of teeth Fusion of teeth
2686 Germinatio radicum Germinated tooth Germinated tooth
2687 Dens conicalis Conical tooth Conical tooth
2688 Dens evaginatus Dens evaginatus Dens evaginatus
2689 Cuspis aquilina Talon cusp Talon cusp
2690 Dens in dente Dens in dente Dens in dente Dens invaginatus
2691 Incisor molariformis Dens incisivus molariformis; Molarised incisor Molarised incisor
Incisivus molariformis
2692 Incisor batilliformis Incivus batilliformis; Dens incisivus Shovel incisor Shovel incisor
batilliformis
2693 Ectopia dentis Ectopic tooth Ectopic tooth
2694 Dens transpositus Transposition of tooth Transposition of tooth
2695 Dens rotatus Rotated tooth Rotated tooth
2696 Hypoplasia enameli Enamel hypoplasia Enamel hypoplasia
2697 Hypoplasia cementi Cement hypoplasia Cement hypoplasia
2698 Aplasia cementi Cement aplasia Cement aplasia
2699 Odontodysplasia regionalis Regional odontodysplasia Regional odontodysplasia
2700 Dentinodysplasia Dentine dysplasia Dentin dysplasia
2701 Amelogenesis imperfecta Amelogenesis imperfecta Amelogenesis imperfecta
2702 Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta
2703 Odontogenesis imperfecta Odontogenesis imperfecta Odontogenesis imperfecta
2704 Dilaceratio Dilaceration Dilaceration
2705 Dysplasia ectodermalis Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
hypohydrotica
2706 Anomaliae eruptionis dentalis Anomalies of eruption Anomalies of eruption

2707 Eruptio precox Premature eruption Premature eruption
2708 Dens connatalis Natal tooth Natal tooth
2709 Dens neonatalis Neonatal tooth Neonatal tooth
2710 Dens impacta Impacted tooth Impacted tooth
2711 Dens reimpacta Re-impacted tooth Reimpacted tooth
2712 Dens summersens Dens submergens Submerging tooth Submerging tooth
2713 Eruptio ectopica Ectopic eruption Ectopic eruption

2714 CAVITAS ORONASALIS ORONASAL CAVITY ORONASAL CAVITY
2715 Primordia palati Primordia of palate Primordia of palate
2716 Palatum primarium Processus palatinus medianus Primary palate Primary palate Median palatal process Endnote 210
2719 Os incisivum Premaxilla Intermaxillary segment Intermaxillary segment
2720 Foramen incisivum Incisive foramen Incisive foramen
2721 Palatum secundarium Palatum definitivum Secondary palate Secondary palate Definitive palate
2723 Processus palatinus lateralis Processus palatinus secundarius Lateral palatine process Lateral palatine process Palatal shelf
2724 Palatum durum Hard palate Hard palate
2725 Palatum molle Soft palate Soft palate
2726 Velum palatinum Velum palatinum Velum palatinum
2727 Uvula Uvula Uvula
2728 Lamina epithelialis mediana Median epithelial seam Median epithelial seam Midline epithelial seam
2729 Raphe palatina mediana Median palatine raphé Median palatine raphé
2730 Fissurae labiorum et palati Cheilopalatoschises Clefts of lips and palate Clefts of lips and palate Endnote 211
2731 Cheiloschisis Schistocheilia; Fissura labialis Cleft lip Cleft lip
2732 Cheiloschisis totalis Schistocheilia totalis; Fissura Complete cleft lip Complete cleft lip
labialis completa
2733 Cheiloschisis partialis Schistocheilia partialis; Fissura Partial cleft lip Partial cleft lip
labialis partialis
2734 Fissura unilateralis labii Unilateral cleft of upper lip Unilateral cleft of upper lip
superioris
2735 Fissura bilateralis labii superioris Bilateral cleft of upper lip Bilateral cleft of upper lip
2736 Fissura mediana labii superioris Median cleft of upper lip Median cleft of upper lip
2737 Dysostosis orodigitofacialis Orodigitofacial dysostosis Orodigitofacial dysostosis §Mohr§
2738 Fissura mediana labii inferioris Median cleft of lower lip Median cleft of lower lip
2739 Palatum fissum Fissura palatina Cleft palate Cleft palate
2740 Fissura palati primarii Cleft primary palate Cleft primary palate
2741 Fissura palati secundi Cleft of secondary palate Cleft of secondary palate
2742 Fissura anterior obliqua palati Anterior oblique cleft of palate Anterior oblique cleft of palate
2743 Fissura unilateralis anterior Unilateral anterior oblique cleft Unilateral anterior oblique cleft
obliqua palati of palate of palate
2744 Fissura bilateralis anterior Bilateral anterior oblique cleft Bilateral anterior oblique cleft
obliqua palati of palate of palate
2745 Fissura posterior mediana palati Posterior median cleft of palate Posterior median cleft of palate
2746 Uvula bifida Bifid uvula Bifid uvula
2747 Fissura submucosa palati Submucosal cleft of palate Submucosal cleft of palate
2748 PARS INITIALITER VESTITA PART INITIALLY COVERED BY PART INITIALLY COVERED BY
ECTODERMATIS ET ECTODERM AND ENDODERM ECTODERM AND ENDODERM
ENDODERMATIS
2749 Lingua Tongue Tongue
2750 Primordia linguae Tongue primordia Tongue primordia

2751 Pars distalis linguae Distal part of tongue Distal part of tongue
2752 Tuberculum linguale laterale Lateral lingual swelling Lateral lingual swelling Distal tongue bud; Lateral lingual
bud
2753 Gemma lingualis mediana Median lingual swelling Median lingual swelling Median lingual bud
2754 Sulcus lingualis medianus Median lingual sulcus Median lingual sulcus
2755 Sulcus linguogingivalis Linguogingival sulcus Linguogingival sulcus
2756 Frenulum linguae Lingual frenulum Lingual frenulum
2757 Sulcus terminalis Terminal sulcus Terminal sulcus
2758 Foramen caecum linguae Foramen caecum of tongue Foramen cecum of tongue
2759 Diverticulum thyroideum Thyroid diverticulum Thyroid diverticulum
2760 Pars proximalis linguae Proximal part of tongue Proximal part of tongue
2761 Copula Copula Copula
2762 Eminentia hypopharyngea Hypopharyngeal eminence Hypopharyngeal eminence
2763 Papilla filiformis Filiform papilla Filiform papilla
2764 Papilla foliata Foliate papilla Foliate papilla
2765 Papilla fungiformis Fungiform papilla Fungiform papilla
2766 Papilla vallata Vallate papilla Vallate papilla
2767 Gemma gustatoria primordialis Primordial taste bud Primordial taste bud
2768 Gemma gustatoria Caliculus gustatorius Taste bud Taste bud
2769 Anomaliae linguae Anomalies of tongue Anomalies of tongue

2770 Aglossia Aglossia Aglossia
2771 Ankyloglossia Ankyloglossia Ankyloglossia Tongue tie
2772 Diglossia Bifid tongue Bifid tongue
2773 Triglossia Trifid tongue Trifid tongue
2774 Glossoschisis Schistoglossia Glossoschisis Glossoschisis Cleft tongue
2775 Macroglossia Macroglossia Macroglossia
2776 Microglossia Microglossia Microglossia
2777 Naevus spongiosus albus White spongy naevus White spongy nevus Occurs in the lingual mucosa
§Cowden§
2778 Pachyglossia Pachyglossia Pachyglossia
2779 Lingua accessoria Accessory tongue Accessory tongue
2780 Lingua longa Long tongue Long tongue
2781 Sequentia mandibulolinguopalatina Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence §Pierre-Robin§
Pierre-Robin symdrome
2782 Tonsilla lingua heterotopica Heterotopic lingual tonsil Heterotopic lingual tonsil
2783 Glossitis mediana rhomboidea Median rhomboid glossitis Median rhomboid glossitis
2784 PARS INITIALITER VESTITA PART INITIALLY COVERED PART INITIALLY COVERED
ENDODERMATIS SOLUM WITH ENDODERM ONLY WITH ENDODERM ONLY
2785 Glandula submandibularis Submandibular gland Submandibular gland
2786 Epithelium linguogingivale Linguogingival epithelium Linguogingival epithelium
2787 Lamina basalis linguogingivalis Linguogingival basal lamina Linguogingival basal lamina
2788 Mesenchyma glandulae Presumptive submandibular Presumptive submandibular
submandibularis presumptivae mesenchyme mesenchyme
2789 Sulcus submandibularis Submandibular groove Submandibular groove

2790 Gemma glandulae Submandibular gland bud Submandibular gland bud
submandibularis
2791 Gemma elongata glandulae Elongated submandibular gland Elongated submandibular gland
submandibularis bud bud
2792 R. primarius pediculi Primary branch of bud Primary branch of bud
2793 Ductus glandulae Submandibular duct Submandibular duct
submandibularis
2794 Condensatio mesenchymalis Condensation of submandibular Condensation of submandibular
glandulae submandibularis mesenchyme mesenchyme
2795 Capsula glandulae Submandibular capsule Submandibular capsule
submandibularis
2796 Epithelium sublinguale Sublingual epithelium Sublingual epithelium Epithelium linguogingivale
Endnote 212
2797 Glandulae sublinguales Sublingual glands Sublingual glands Endnote 213

2798 Glandula sublingualis major Major sublingual gland Major sublingual gland
2799 Glandula sublingualis minor Minor sublingual gland Minor sublingual gland
2800 Lamina basalis sublingualis Sublingual basal lamina Sublingual basal lamina
2801 Mesenchyma presumptivum Presumptive mesenchyme of Presumptive mesenchyme of
glandulae sublingualis sublingual gland sublingual gland
2802 Sulcus sublingualis Sublingual groove Sublingual groove
2803 Gemma glandulae sublingualis Sublingual gland bud Sublingual gland bud
2804 Gemma elongata glandulae Elongated bud of sublingual gland Elongated bud of sublingual gland
sublingualis
2805 Acinus mucosus Mucous acinus Mucous acinus
2806 Acinus seromucosus Seromucous acinus Seromucous acinus
2808 Acinus mixtus Mixed acinus Mixed acinus
2809 Rr. primarii gemmae Primary branches of bud Primary branches of bud
2810 Ductus sublingualis major Major sublingual duct Major sublingual duct
2811 Ductus sublingualis minor Minor sublingual duct Minor sublingual duct
2812 Condensatio mesenchymatis Condensation of sublingual gland Condensation of sublingual gland
glandulae sublingualis mesenchyme mesenchyme
2813 Capsula glandulae sublingualis Capsule of major sublingual Capsule of major sublingual
majoris gland gland
2814 Capsula perfusoria glandulae Less well-defined capsule of Less well defined capsule of
sublingualis minoris minor sublingual gland minor sublingual gland
2815 Anomaliae glandularum Anomalies of salivary glands Anomalies of salivary glands

salivarium
2816 Aplasia glandulae parotideae Aplasia of parotid gland Aplasia of parotid gland
2817 Cystis congenita glandulae Congenital cyst of parotid gland Congenital cyst of parotid gland
parotideae
2818 Fistula sialocutanea glandulae Sialocutaneous fistula of parotid Sialocutaneous fistula of parotid
parotideae gland gland
2819 Ductus parotideus imperforatus Imperforate parotid duct Imperforate parotid duct
2820 Glandula parotidea accessoria Accessory parotid gland Accessory parotid gland

2821 Aplasia glandulae sublingualis Aplasia of major sublingual gland Aplasia of major sublingual gland
majoris
2822 Aplasia glandularum sublingualium Aplasia of sublingual glands Aplasia of sublingual glands
2823 Cystis congenita glandulae Congenital cyst of sublingual gland Congenital cyst of sublingual gland
sublingualis
2824 Ductus sublingualis major Imperforate major sublingual duct Imperforate major sublingual duct
imperforatus
2825 Glandula sublingualis major Accessory major sublingual gland Accessory major sublingual gland
accessoria
2826 Aplasia glandulae submandibularis Aplasia of submandibular gland Aplasia of submandibular gland
2827 Cystis congenita glandulae Congenital cyst of submandibular Congenital cyst of submandibular
submandibularis gland gland
2828 Ductus submandibularis Imperforate submandibular duct Imperforate submandibular duct
imperforatus
2829 Ectopia glandulae submandibularis Ectopic submandibular gland Ectopic submandibular gland
2830 Glandula submandibularis Accessory submandibular gland Accessory submandibular gland
accessoria
2831 Pharynx Pharynx Pharynx

2832 Arcus pharyngei Pharyngeal arch Pharyngeal arch
2833 Sulcus pharyngei Pharyngeal groove Pharyngeal groove
2834 Membrana pharyngea Pharyngeal membrane Pharyngeal membrane
2835
2836 SACCI PHARYNGEI PHARYNGEAL POUCHES PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
2837 Saccus pharyngeus primus First pharyngeal pouch First pharyngeal pouch
2838 Recessus tubotympanicus Tubotympanic recess Tubotympanic recess Endnote 214
2839 Tuba auditiva Tuba auditoria Pharyngotympanic tube Pharyngotympanic tube Auditory tube §Eustachius§
2840 Cavitas tympani Tympanic cavity Tympanic cavity
2841 Antrum mastoideum Mastoid antrum Mastoid antrum
2842 Saccus pharyngeus secundus Second pharyngeal pouch Second pharyngeal pouch
2843 Fissura tonsillaris Fissura intratonsillaris Tonsillar cleft Tonsillar cleft Intratonsillar cleft
2844 Crypta tonsillae Tonsillar crypt Tonsillar crypt
2845 Saccus pharyngeus tertius Third pharyngeal pouch Third pharyngeal pouch
2846 Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei Dorsal part of third pharyngeal Dorsal part of third pharyngeal
tertii pouch pouch
2847 Gemma parathyroidea inferior Gemma parathyroidea sacci tertii Inferior parathyroid bud Inferior parathyroid bud Parathyroid bud from pouch 3
2848 Pars ventralis sacci pharyngei Ventral part of third pharyngeal Ventral part of third pharyngeal
tertii pouch pouch
2849 Gemma thymica Thymic bud Thymic bud Endnote 215
2850 Epithelium reticulare thymi Reticular epithelium of Reticular epithelium of
thymus thymus
2851 Epithelium ductus medullaris Medullary duct epithelium of Medullary duct epithelium of
thymi thymus thymus
2852 Saccus pharyngeus quartus Fourth pharyngeal pouch Fourth pharyngeal pouch
2853 Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal
quarti pouch pouch
2854 Gemma parathyroidea superior Gemma parathyroidea sacci quarti Superior parathyroid bud Superior parathyroid bud Parathyroid bud from pouch 4

2855 Pars ventralis sacci pharyngei Ventral part of fourth pharyngeal Ventral part of fourth pharyngeal
quarti pouch pouch
2856 Corpus ultimopharyngeum Ultimopharyngeal body Ultimopharyngeal body Endnote 216
2857 Diverticulum thyroideum Thyroid diverticulum Thyroid diverticulum
2858 Foramen caecum linguae Foramen caecum of tongue Foramen cecum of tongue
2859 Ductus thyroglossus Thyroglossal duct Thyroglossal duct
2860 Glandula thyroidea Thyroid gland Thyroid gland
2861 Anomaliae pharyngis Anomalies of pharynx Anomalies of pharynx

2862 Membrana oropharyngea Persistent oropharyngeal Persistent oropharyngeal
persistens membrane membrane
2863 Atresia oropharyngea Oropharyngeal atresia Oropharyngeal atresia
2864 Atresia nasopharyngea Nasopharyngeal atresia Nasopharyngeal atresia
2865 Residua saccorum et sulcorum Remnants of pharyngeal pouches Remnants of pharyngeal pouches
pharyngeorum and grooves and grooves
2866 Cystis cervicalis Cervical cyst Cervical cyst Endnote 217
2867 Fistula cervicalis Cervical fistula Cervical fistula
2868 Sinus pharyngeus internus Internal pharyngeal sinus Internal pharyngeal sinus
2869 Sinus pharyngeus externus External pharyngeal sinus External pharyngeal sinus
2870 Cystis subepiglottica Subepiglottic cyst Subepiglottic cyst
2871 Fistula cervicoauralis Cervico-aural fistula Cervicoaural fistula
2872 Diverticulum pharyngeum Pharyngeal diverticulum Pharyngeal diverticulum
2873 Aplasia thymoparathyroidea Thymoparathyroid aplasia Thymoparathyroid aplasia §DiGeorge§
2874 Canalis digestorius Canalis oesophagogastro- Alimentary canal Alimentary canal Endnote 218
intestinalis
2875 PARS INTERNA ENDODERMAL LINING ENDODERMAL LINING See below
ENDODERMALIS
2876 PARS EXTERNA MESENCHYMA SURROUNDING MESENCHYME SURROUNDING MESENCHYME
PERICANALE
2877 Irruptio cellularum cristae neuralis Invasion of neural crest cells Invasion of neural crest cells
2878 Cellula interstitialis stimulans Interstitial cell Interstitial cell Pacemaker cell §Cajal§
2880 Plexus nervosus submucosus Outer submucous plexus Outer submucous plexus §Schabadasch§
externus
2881 Plexus nervosus submucosus Inner submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus §Meissner§
internus
2882 Papilla mesenchymalis Mesenchymal papilla Mesenchymal papilla
2883 Textus muscularis levis Smooth muscle tissue Smooth muscle tissue
2884 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer Circular muscle layer
muscularis
2885 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer
muscularis
2886 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae
2887 Lamina propria mucosae Lamina propria Lamina propria
2888 Tela submucosa Submucous coat Submucous coat
2889 Tunica adventitia Adventitial layer Adventitial layer Adventitial coat

2890 Oesophagus Oesophagus Esophagus
2891 Preenteron Proenteron Foregut Foregut
2892 Primordium oesophagi Primordium of oesophagus Primordium of esophagus
2893 Epithelium endodermale Endodermal epithelium Endodermal epithelium
2894 Epithelium simplex columnare Simple columnar epithelium Simple columnar epithelium
2895 Cellula nonciliata Nonciliated cell Nonciliated cell
2896 Epithelium stratificatum columnare Stratified columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium
2898 Cellula ciliata Ciliated cell Ciliated cell
2899 Cellula clara cum glycogeno Clear glycogen-containing cell Clear glycogen containing cell
2900 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Pseudostratified columnar Pseudostratified columnar
columnare epithelium epithelium
2902 Cellula ciliata Ciliated cell Ciliated cell
2903 Cellula clara cum glycogeno Clear glycogen-containing cell Clear glycogen containing cell
2904 Vacuola epithelialis Epithelial vacuole Epithelial vacuole
2905 Lumen occlusum Occluded lumen Occluded lumen

2907 Mesooesophagus dorsalis fugax Transient dorsal meso- Transient dorsal mesoesophagus
oesophagus
2908 Mesooesophagus ventralis fugax Transient ventral meso- Transient ventral mesoesophagus
oesophagus
2909 Tertiarium superius oesophagi Cranial third of oesophagus Cranial third of esophagus
2910 Irruptio a myoblastis somiticis Invasion by somitic myoblasts Invasion by somitic myoblasts
2911 Textus muscularis striatus Noncardiac visceral striated Noncardiac visceral striated
visceralis noncardiacus muscle tissue muscle tissue
muscularis
muscularis
2914 Tertiarium medium oesophagi Middle third of oesophagus Middle third of esophagus
2915 Tertiarium inferius oesophagi Caudal third of oesophagus Caudal third of esophagus
muscularis
muscularis
2919 Oesophagus definitivus Definitive oesophagus Definitive esophagus

2920 Epithelium stratificatum Nonkeratinized stratified squamous Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
squamosum noncornificatum epithelium epithelium
2921 Glandula cardialis oesophagi Oesophageal cardial gland Esophageal cardial gland
2922 Glandula oesophagea propria Oesophageal gland proper Esophageal gland proper

2924 Anomaliae oesophagi Anomalies of oesophagus Anomalies of esophagus

2925 Brachyoesophagus Short oesophagus Short esophagus
2926 Dolichooesophagus Long oesophagus Long oesophagus
2927 Fistula tracheooesophagea Tracheo-oesophageal fistula Tracheoesophageal fistula
2928 Trama oesophagi Oesophageal web Esophageal web
2929 Anulus oesophagi Oesophageal ring Esophageal ring
2930 Anulus oesophagi cartilagineus Cartilaginous oesophageal ring Cartilaginous esophageal ring
2931 Anulus oesophagi mucosus Mucosal oesophageal ring Mucosal esophageal ring §Schatski§
2932 Stenosis oesophagi Oesophageal stenosis Esophageal stenosis
2933 Atresia oesophagi Oesophageal atresia Esophageal atresi
2934 Duplicatio oesophagi Oesophageal duplication Esophageal duplication
2935 Diverticulum oesophagi Oesophageal diverticulum Esophageal diverticulum
2936 Achalasia Achalasia Achalasia
2937 Chalasia Chalasia Chalasia
2938 Megaoesophagus Mega-oesophagus Megaesophagus
2939 Cystis enterogenica Enterogenous cyst Enterogenous cyst
2940 Cystis enterica dorsalis Mediastinal dorsal enteric cyst Mediastinal dorsal enteric cyst
mediastinalis
2941 Mucosa oesophagi heterotopica Heterotopic oesophageal mucosa Heterotopic esophageal mucosa
2942 Gaster Stomach Stomach

2944 Primordium gastris Primordium of stomach Primordium of stomach
2945 Gaster fusiformis Fusiform stomach Fusiform stomach
2946 Mesogastrium dorsale primordiale Primordial dorsal mesogastrium Primordial dorsal mesogastrium
2947 Curvatura major presumptiva Presumptive greater curvature Presumptive greater curvature
2948 Mesogastrium ventrale primordiale Primordial ventral mesogastrium Primordial ventral mesogastrium
2949 Curvatura minor presumptiva Presumptive lesser curvature Presumptive lesser curvature
2950 Pars pylorica gastris Pyloric part of stomach Pyloric part of stomach
2951 Cardia Pars cardialis gastris Cardial part of stomach Cardial part of stomach
2952 Fundus gastricus Fundus of stomach Fundus of stomach
2953 Corpus gastricus Body of stomach Body of stomach

2957 Foveola endoepithelialis gastrica Endo-epithelial gastric pit Endoepithelial gastric pit
2958 Mucocytus superficialis Superficial mucous cell Superficial mucous cell
2959 Foveola exoepithelialis gastrica Exo-epithelial primordial gastric pit Exoepithelial primordial gastric pit
primordialis
2960 Divisio foveolae gastricae Division of primordial gastric pit Division of primordial gastric pit
primordialis
2961 Papilla mesenchymalis Mesenchymal papilla Mesenchymal papilla

muscularis
2963 Fibrae obliquae tunicae muscularis Oblique muscle fibres Oblique muscle fibres
2964 Glandula gastrica propria Gastric gland proper Gastric gland proper
primordialis
2966 Cellula nondifferentiata Undifferentiated cell Undifferentiated cell
2967 Exocrinocytus parietalis Primordial parietal cell Primordial parietal cell
primordialis
2968 Elongatio glandulae Elongation of gland Elongation of gland
2969 Differentiatio cellularum glandulae Gastric gland cell differentiation Gastric gland cell differentiation
gastricae
2970 Exocrinocytus cervicalis Neck cell of gastric gland Neck cell of gastric gland Mucous neck cell
2971 Exocrinocytus principalis Principal cell of gastric gland Principal cell of gastric gland Zymogenic cell
2972 Exocrinocytus parietalis Parietal cell of gastric gland Parietal cell of gastric gland Oxyntic cell
2973 Canaliculus intracellularis Intracellular canaliculus Intracellular canaliculus
2974 Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis Entero-endocrine cell Enteroendocrine cell Gastro-enteropancreatic cell;
Gastroenteropancreatic cell;GEP
endocrine cell
2975 Glandula pylorica Pyloric gland Pyloric gland

primordialis
2977 Mucocytus glandulae pyloricae Pyloric mucous cell Pyloric mucous cell
2978 Glandula cardialis Cardial gland Cardial gland

primordialis
2980 Exocrinocytus glandulae cardialis Cardial mucous cell Cardial mucous cell
2981 Sphincter pylori Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter
2982 Anomaliae gastris Stomach anomalies Stomach anomalies

2983 Atresia gastris Gastric atresia Gastric atresia
2984 Atresia membranacea Membranous atresia Membranous atresia
2985 Atresia pylori Pyloric atresia Pyloric atresia
2986 Constrictio gastris Hourglass stomach Hourglass stomach
2987 Gaster dexter Right-sided stomach Right sided stomach
2988 Inversio gastris Gastric inversion Gastric inversion
2989 Cystis gastris Gastric cyst Gastric cyst
2990 Diverticulum gastris Gastric diverticulum Gastric diverticulum
2991 Ectopia mucosae gastricae Heterotopia mucosae gastricae Ectopic gastric mucosa Ectopic gastric mucosa Heterotopic gastric mucosa
2992 Gaster duplicatus Duplication of stomach Duplication of stomach
2993 Cystis duplicationis Duplication cyst Duplication cyst
2994 Gaster thoracicus Thoracic stomach Thoracic stomach

2995 Lumen obliteratum Obliterated lumen Obliterated lumen
2996 Microgastria Microgastria Microgastria
2997 Stenosis pylori Pyloric stenosis Pyloric stenosis
2998 Anomaliae musculorum Anomalous musculature Anomalous musculature Defective musculature
2999 Duodenum Duodenum Duodenum

3000 Pars preenteralis duodeni Foregut part of duodenum Foregut part of duodenum
3001 Pars mesenteronica duodeni Midgut part of duodenum Midgut part of duodenum Endnote 219
3002 Duodenum primordiale Primordial duodenum Primordial duodenum
3003 Positio intraperitonealis Intraperitoneal position Intraperitoneal position Endnote 220
3004 Mesoduodenum dorsale Dorsal mesoduodenum Dorsal mesoduodenum
3005 Mesoduodenum ventrale Ventral mesoduodenum Ventral mesoduodenum
3006 Dextrorotatio duodeni Dextrorotation of duodenum Dextrorotation of duodenum
3007 Mesoduodenum fusum cum Mesoduodenum fused with dorsal Mesoduodenum fused with dorsal
peritoneo parietale dorsale parietal peritoneum parietal peritoneum
3008 Positio intraperitonealis duodeni Intraperitoneal position of Intraperitoneal position of
proximalis proximal duodenum proximal duodenum
3009 Positio retroperitonealis duodeni Retroperitoneal position of Retroperitoneal position of
intermedii intermediate duodenum intermediate duodenum
3010 Positio intraperitonealis duodeni Intraperitoneal position of distal Intraperitoneal position of distal
distalis duodenum duodenum
3011 Ansa duodenalis Duodenal loop Duodenal loop
3012 Diverticulum hepaticum Hepatic diverticulum Hepatic diverticulum
3013 Gemma hepatopancreatica Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatopancreatic bud
3014 Gemma pancreatica ventralis Ventral pancreatic bud Ventral pancreatic bud
3015 Gemma pancreatica dorsalis Dorsal pancreatic bud Dorsal pancreatic bud
3016 Papilla duodenalis Duodenal papilla Duodenal papilla
3017 Ampulla hepatopancreatica Hepatopancreatic ampulla Hepatopancreatic ampulla

3022 Acervatio cellularum epithelialium Accumulated epithelial cells Accumulated epithelial cells
3023 Lumen duodeni obturatum Obliterated duodenal lumen Obliterated duodenal lumen Endnote 221
3024 Vacuola intraepithelialis Intra-epithelial vacuole Intraepithelial vacuole
3025 Recanalisatio luminis duodeni Recanalization of duodenal recanalization of duodenal lumen
lumen
3026 Villus intestinalis Intestinal villus Intestinal villus

3027 Villus primordialis Primordial villus Primordial villus
3029 Villus definitivus Definitive villus Definitive villus
3031 Enterocytus Enterocyte Enterocyte

3032 Exocrinocytus caliciformis Goblet cell Goblet cell
3034 Villus elongatus Elongated villus Elongated villus
3035 Crypta intestinalis Glandula intestinalis Intestinal crypt Intestinal crypt Intestinal gland §Lieberkühn§
3036 Gemma cryptae Crypt bud Crypt bud
3037 Lumen cryptae Lumen of crypt Lumen of crypt
3038 Cellula gastrointestinalis staminalis Gastro-intestinal stem cell Gastrointestinal stem cell
3040 Cellula panethensis Exocrinocytus cum granulis Paneth cell Paneth cell §Paneth§
acidophilis
3041 Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis Entero-endocrine cell Enteroendocrine cell Gastro-enteropancreatic cell; §Paneth§
Gastroenteropancreatic cell; GEP
endocrine cell
3042 Insignia alia Other features Other features

muscularis
3044 Plica circularis Circular fold Circular fold
3045 Glandula submucosa duodenalis Duodenal submucosal gland Duodenal submucosal gland §Brunner§
3046 Epitheliocytus penicillatus Brush cell Brush cell Tuft cell

3047 Epitheliocytus microplicatus Microfold cell Microfold cell M cell; Dome epithelial cell
3048 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae
3049 Nodulus lymphoideus solitarius Solitary lymphoid nodule Solitary lymphoid nodule
3050 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati Aggregated lymphoid nodules Aggregated lymphoid nodules Endnote 222
3051 Anomaliae duodeni Duodenal anomalies Duodenal anomalies

3052 Atresia duodeni Duodenal atresia Duodenal atresia
3053 Diverticulum duodeni Duodenal diverticulum Duodenal diverticulum
3054 Duplicatio duodeni Duodenal duplication Duodenal duplication
3055 Cystis duodeni Duodenal cyst Duodenal cyst
3056 Stenosis duodeni Duodenal stenosis Duodenal stenosis
3057 Mucosa heterotopica in duodeno Heterotopic mucosa Heterotopic mucosa
3058 Mucosa ectopica Ectopic mucosa Ectopic mucosa
3059 Papilla duodeni accessoria Accessory duodenal papilla Accessory duodenal papilla
3060 Ansa umbilicalis intestini Midgut loop Midgut loop Umbilical intestinal loop
3061 Mesenteron Midgut Midgut
3062 Crus proximale ansae umbilicalis Proximal limb of midgut loop Proximal limb of midgut loop
intestini
3063 Apex ansae umbilicalis intestini Apex of midgut loop Apex of midgut loop
3064 Ductus omphaloentericus Ductus vitellointestinalis Omphalo-enteric duct Omphaloenteric duct Vitello-intestinal duct;
Vitellointestinal duct; Yolk stalk
duct
3065 A. mesenterica superior Superior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric artery

3066 Crus distale ansae umbilicalis Distal limb of midgut loop Distal limb of midgut loop
intestini
3067 Elongatio ansae umbilicalis Elongation of midgut loop Elongation of midgut loop
intestini
3068 Rotatio ansae umbilicalis intestini Rotation of midgut loop Rotation of midgut loop Endnote 223
3069 Elongatio mesenteri Elongation of mesentery Elongation of mesentery
3070 Hernia umbilicalis physiologica Physiological umbilical hernia Physiological umbilical hernia
3071 Pars intestinalis tenuis ansae Small intestinal part of loop Small intestinal part of loop
3072 Pars intestinalis crassa ansae Large intestinal part of loop Large intestinal part of loop
3073 Internalisatio ansae umbilicalis Return of midgut loop Return of midgut loop
3074 Occlusio parietis abdominalis Closure of anterior abdominal wall Closure of anterior abdominal wall
anterioris
3075 Jejunum et Ileum Jejunum and Ileum Jejunum and Ileum

3077 Jejunum primordiale Primordial jejunum Primordial jejunum
3078 Ileum primordiale Primordial ileum Primordial ileum
3079 Diverticulum ilei Ileal diverticulum Ileal diverticulum
3080 Elongatio ansae umbilicalis Elongation of midgut loop Elongation of midgut loop
intestini
3081 Jejunum definitivum Definitive jejunum Definitive jejunum
3082 Ileum definitivum Definitive ileum Definitive ileum
3083 Positio intraperitonealis Intraperitoneal position Intraperitoneal position
3084 Mesenterium dorsale commune Common dorsal mesentery Common dorsal mesentery
3085 Mesojejunum Mesojejunum Mesojejunum
3086 Mesoileum Meso-ileum Mesoileum
3087 Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogeny As for Duodenum (above)
3088 Anomaliae jejuni et ilei Anomalies of jejunum and ileum Anomalies of jejunum and ileum
3089 Duplicatio intestini Intestinal duplication Intestinal duplication
3090 Stenosis intestini Intestinal stenosis Intestinal stenosis
3091 Atresia intestini Intestinal atresia Intestinal atresia
3092 Malrotatio intestini Intestinal malrotation Intestinal malrotation
3093 Rotatio partialis intestini Incomplete intestinal rotation Incomplete intestinal rotation Partial intestinal rotation
3094 Caecum subhepaticum Subhepatic caecum Subhepatic cecum
3095 Hyperrotatio intestini Intestinal hyper-rotation Intestinal hyperrotation
3096 Nonrotatio intestini Intestinal nonrotation Intestinal nonrotation
3097 Inversio rotationis intestini Reverse intestinal rotation Reverse intestinal rotation
3098 Situs inversus abdominalis Abdominal situs inversus Abdominal situs inversus
3099 Heterotaxia Heterotaxy Heterotaxy Isomerism
3100 Colon retrojejunale Retrojejunal colon Retrojejunal colon
3101 Vestigium ductus omphaloenterici Vestigium ductus vitellointestinalis Omphalo-enteric duct vestige Omphaloenteric duct vestige Vitello-intestinal duct vestige;
Vitellointestinal duct vestige
3102 Diverticulum jejuni Jejunal diverticulum Jejunal diverticulum
3103 Diverticulum ilei Ileal diverticulum Ileal diverticulum §Meckel§

3104 Chorda fibrosa vestigii ductus Chorda fibrosa vestigii ductus Fibrous band of omphalo-enteric Fibrous band of omphaloenteric Fibrous band of vitello-intestinal
omphaloenterici vitellointestinalis duct vestige duct vestige duct vestige; Fibrous band of
vitellointestinal duct vestige
3105 Fistula umbilicalis Umbilical fistula Umbilical fistula
3106 Fistula umbilicalis faecalis Umbilical faecal fistula Umbilical fecal fistula
3107 Volvulus congenitus Congenital volvulus Congenital volvulus
3108 Intussusceptio Intussusception Intussusception
3109 Intussusceptio congenita Congenital intussusception Congenital intussusception
3110 Nonfixatio viscerum Nonfixation of viscera Nonfixation of viscera
3111 Absentia systematis nervosi Absence of postduodenal enteric Absence of postduodenal enteric
enterici post duodenalis nervous system nervous system
3112 Recessus peritoneales anomalii Abnormal peritoneal recesses Abnormal peritoneal recesses See below
3113 Mucosa heterotopica in intestino Heterotopic mucosa Heterotopic mucosa
3114 Mucosa intestinalis ectopica Ectopic intestinal mucosa Ectopic intestinal mucosa
3115 Intestinum crassum Large intestine Large intestine

3117 Pars mesenteronica coli Midgut part of primordial colon Midgut part of primordial colon
primordialis
3119 Mesocolon commune Common mesocolon Common mesocolon
3120 Colon primordiale Primordial colon Primordial colon
3121 Caecum primordiale Primordial caecum Primordial cecum
3122 Primordium appendicis Primordium of appendix Primordium of appendix
vermiformis
3123 Bulla caecalis Caecal swelling Cecal swelling
3124 Caecum Caecum Cecum
3125 Appendix vermiformis Appendix Appendix Vermiform appendix
3126 Colon ascendens primordiale Primordial ascending colon Primordial ascending colon
3127 Colon ascendens Ascending colon Ascending colon
3128 Defectio mesocoli ascendentis Disappearance of ascending Disappearance of ascending
mesocolon mesocolon
3129 Pars mesenteronica coli transversi Midgut part of primordial Midgut part of primordial
primordialis transverse colon transverse colon
3130 Pars mesenteronica coli transversi Midgut part of transverse colon Midgut part of transverse colon
3131 Mesocolon transversum Transverse mesocolon Transverse mesocolon
3132 Metenteron Hindgut Hindgut

3133 Pars metenteronica coli Hindgut part of primordial colon Hindgut part of primordial colon
primordialis
3135 Mesocolon commune Common mesocolon Common mesocolon
3136 Pars metenteronica coli transversi Hindgut part of primordial Hindgut part of primordial
primordialis transverse colon transverse colon
3137 Pars metenteronica coli transversi Hindgut part of transverse colon Hindgut part of transverse colon
3138 Colon descendens primordiale Primordial descending colon Primordial descending colon
3139 Colon descendens Descending colon Descending colon

3140 Colon sigmoideum primordiale Primordial sigmoid colon Primordial sigmoid colon
3141 Defectio mesocoli descendentis Disappearance of descending Disappearance of descending
mesocolon mesocolon
3142 Colon sigmoideum Sigmoid colon Sigmoid colon
3143 Mesocolon sigmoideum Sigmoid mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon
3144 Rectum primordiale Primordial rectum Primordial rectum
3145 Rectum Rectum Rectum
3146 Mesorectum Mesorectum Mesorectum
3147 Septum urorectale Urorectal septum Urorectal septum

3151 Proliferatio inlocalis cellularum Localized proliferation of epithelial Localized proliferation of epithelial
epithelialium cells cells
3152 Plicatio epithelialis Epithelial fold formation Epithelial fold formation
3153 Plica epithelialis longitudinalis Longitudinal epithelial fold Longitudinal epithelial fold
3154 Lumen secundarium Secondary lumen Secondary lumen
intraepitheliale
3155 Colonocytus primordialis Primordial colonocyte Primordial colonocyte
3157 Crypta intraepithelialis Intra-epithelial crypt Intraepithelial crypt
3159 Villus transiens intestini crassi Transient villus of large intestine Transient villus of large intestine
3160 Crypta extraepithelialis Extra-epithelial crypt Extraepithelial crypt
3163 Divisio cryptae Division of crypt Division of crypt
3164 Elongatio cryptae Elongation of crypt Elongation of crypt
3165 Tunica mucosa definitiva intestini Definitive mucosa of large intestine Definitive mucosa of large intestine
crassi
3166 Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis Entero-endocrine cell; Gastro- Enteroendocrine cell; GEP endocrine cell See Terminologia Histologica
enteropancreatic cell Gastroenteropancreatic cell
acidophilis
3168 Taenia coli Taenia coli Tenia coli
3169 Haustra coli Haustra of colon Haustra of colon
3170 Plica semilunaris coli Semilunar fold of colon Semilunar fold of colon
3171 Anomaliae coli et appendicis Anomalies of colon and Anomalies of colon and
vermiformis appendix appendix
3172 Aganglionosis coli Colonic aganglionosis Colonic aganglionosis
3173 Aganglionosis coli completa Total colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis §Zeulzer-Wilson§
3174 Aganglionosis coli partialis Partial colonic aganglionosis Partial colonic aganglionosis
3175 Megacolon congenitum Congenital megacolon Congenital megacolon §Hirschprung§
3176 Diverticulum congenitum coli Congenital colonic diverticulum Congenital colonic diverticulum

3177 Dysplasia neuralis coli Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic neuronal dysplasia
3178 Hypoganglionosis coli Colonic hypoganglionosis Colonic hypoganglionosis
3179 Caecum mobile Mobile caecum Mobile cecum
3180 Caecum retroperitoneale Retroperitoneal caecum Retroperitoneal cecum
3181 Ectopia caeci Ectopic caecum Ectopic cecum
3182 Atresia intestini Intestinal atresia Intestinal atresia
3183 Duplicatio intestini Intestinal duplication Intestinal duplication
3184 Malrotatio intestini Intestinal malrotation Intestinal malrotation
3185 Rotatio partialis intestini Rotatio noncompleta intestini Incomplete intestinal rotation Incomplete intestinal rotation
3186 Caecum altum High caecum High cecum
3187 Caecum subhepaticum Subhepatic caecum Subhepatic cecum
3188 Caecum inversum Inverted caecum Inverted cecum
3189 Hyperrotatio intestini Intestinal hyper-rotation Intestinal hyperrotation
3190 Nonrotatio intestini Intestinal nonrotation Intestinal nonrotation
3191 Inversio rotationis intestini Reverse intestinal rotation Reverse intestinal rotation
3192 Situs inversus abdominalis Abdominal situs inversus Abdominal situs inversus
3194 Colon retrojejunale Retrojejunal colon Retrojejunal colon
3195 Nonfixatio viscerum Nonfixation of viscera Nonfixation of viscera
3196 Stenosis intestini Intestinal stenosis Intestinal stenosis
3197 Agenesis appendicis vermiformis Agenesis of appendix Agenesis of appendix
3198 Appendix vermiformis duplex Duplication of appendix Duplication of appendix
3199 Appendix vermiformis triplex Triple appendix Triple appendix
3200 Appendix retrocolica Retrocolic appendix Retrocolic appendix
3201 Appendix retrocaecalis Retrocaecal appendix Retrocaecal appendix
3202 Appendix preilealis Pre-ileal appendix Preileal appendix
3203 Appendix postilealis Postileal appendix Postileal appendix
3204 Appendix pelvica Pelvic appendix Pelvic appendix
3205 Mucosa heterotopica in appendice Heterotopic mucosa in appendix Heterotopic mucosa in appendix
3206 Cloaca persistens Persistent cloaca Persistent cloaca
3207 Canalis analis Anal canal Anal canal

3208 Pars metenteronica canalis analis Hindgut part of anal canal Hindgut part of anal canal
3210 Myoblastus musculi sphincteris Myoblast of internal anal Myoblast of internal anal
ani interni sphincter sphincter
3211 Myocytus levis Myocytus nonstriatus Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle cell
3212 Linea pectinata Pectinate line Pectinate line
3213 Pars fovealis canalis analis Foveal part of anal canal Foveal part of anal canal
3218 Tuberculum anale Anal tubercle Anal tubercle
3219 Fovea analis Anal pit Anal pit
3220 Pars analis membranae cloacalis Membrana analis Anal part of cloacal membrane Anal part of cloacal membrane Anal membrane Endnote 224

3221 Abruptio membranae cloacalis Rupture of cloacal membrane Rupture of cloacal membrane
3222 Apertura ani Anal opening Anal opening
3223 Blastema musculi sphincteris ani Blastema of external anal sphincter Blastema of external anal sphincter
externi
3224 Myoblastus striatus Striated myoblast Striated myoblast
3225 Status multinuclearis Multinuclear state Multinuclear state
3226 Myotubus Myotube Myotube
3227 Myofibra Myofibre Myofiber
3228 Canalis analis occlusus Closure of anal canal Closure of anal canal Endnote 225
3229 Restitutio canalis analis Restitution of anal canal Restitution of anal canal
3230 Anus Anus Anus
3231 Urenteron Pars postcloacalis intestini Postcloacal gut Postcloacal gut Tailgut; Endgut Endnote 226
3232 Anomaliae recti et canalis analis Anomalies of rectum and anal Anomalies of rectum and anal
canal canal
3233 Aganglionosis recti Rectal aganglionosis Rectal aganglionosis
3234 Atresia recti Rectal atresia Rectal atresia
3235 Fistula rectalis Rectal fistula Rectal fistula
3236 Fistula rectovaginalis Rectovaginal fistula Rectovaginal fistula
3237 Fistula rectovesicalis Rectovesical fistula Rectovesical fistula
3238 Fistula rectovestibularis Rectovestibular fistula Rectovestibular fistula
3239 Fistula rectourethralis Recto-urethral fistula Rectourethral fistula
3240 Stenosis recti Rectal stenosis Rectal stenosis
3241 Anus imperforatus Imperforate anus Imperforate anus
3242 Anus tectus Covered anus Covered anus
3243 Fistula anocutanea Anocutaneous fistula Anocutaneous fistula
3244 Fistula anovestibularis Anovestibular fistula Anovestibular fistula
3245 Atresia canalis analis Atresia of anal canal Atresia of anal canal
3246 Stenosis canalis analis Stenosis of anal canal Stenosis of anal canal
3247 Anus ectopicus Ectopic anus Ectopic anus
3248 Fistula anoperinealis Anoperineal fistula Anoperineal fistula
3249 Hepar Liver Liver

3250 Preenteron distale Distal foregut Distal foregut
3254 Gemma hepatocystica Hepatocystic bud Hepatocystic bud
3255 Gemma hepatica Hepatic bud Hepatic bud
3256 Gemma hepatica dexter Right hepatic bud Right hepatic bud
3257 Gemma hepatica sinister Left hepatic bud Left hepatic bud
3258 Gemma cystica Cystic bud Cystic bud
3259 Ductus hepatopancreaticus Hepatopancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct
3261 Pars distalis diverticuli hepatici Distal part of hepatic diverticulum Distal part of hepatic diverticulum
3262 Irruptio septi transversi Invasion of septum transversum Invasion of septum transversum

3263 Morphogenesis ramificans partis Branching morphogenesis of Branching morphogenesis of
distalis diverticuli hepatici distal part of hepatic diverticulum distal part of hepatic diverticulum
3264 Dilatatio dextra Right dilatation Right dilatation
3265 Lobus dexter epithelialis Epithelial right lobe Epithelial right lobe
3266 Lobus caudatus epithelialis Epithelial caudate lobe Epithelial caudate lobe
3267 Lobus quadratus Epithelial quadrate lobe Epithelial quadrate lobe
epithelialis
3268 Dilatatio sinistra Left dilatation Left dilatation
3269 Lobus sinister epithelialis Epithelial left lobe Epithelial left lobe
3270 Deminutio incrementi crescentiae Slowing of growth Slowing of growth
3271 Irruptio mesenchymatis Invasion by mesenchyme Invasion by mesenchyme
3272 Irruptio a vasis Vascularization Vascularization
3273 Vas sinusoideum hepaticum Hepatic sinusoid Hepatic sinusoid Vascular sinus
3274 LOBULUS HEPATICUS PRIMORDIAL HEPATIC LOBULE PRIMORDIAL HEPATIC LOBULE

PRIMORDIALIS
3275 Lamina hepatocytica primordialis Primordial hepatocyte lamina Primordial hepatocyte lamina Primordial hepatocyte plate;
Primordial hepatic trabecula
3276 Differentiatio laminae Hepatocyte laminal differentiation Hepatocyte laminal differentiation
hepatocyticae
3277 Lamina hepatocytica frontalis Dorsal frontal hepatocyte plate Dorsal frontal hepatocyte plate Endnote 227
dorsalis
3278 Lamina hepatocytica frontalis Ventral frontal hepatocyte plate Ventral frontal hepatocyte plate
ventralis
3279 Lamina hepatocytica sagittalis Sagittal hepatocyte plate Sagittal hepatocyte plate
3280 Lamina hepatocytica Anastomotic hepatocyte plate Anastomotic hepatocyte plate
anastomotica
3281 Epithelium stratificatum Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium
cuboideum
3282 Hepatoblastus Hepatoblast Hepatoblast
3283 Hepatocytus Hepatocyte Hepatocyte
3284 Canaliculus bilifer Bile canaliculus Bile canaliculus
3285 Formatio ductuum Duct formation Duct formation

3286 Capsula epthelialis circum ramum Epithelial capsule around branch of Epithelial capsule around branch of
venae portae portal vein portal vein
3287 Cellula obscura Dark cell Dark cell
3288 Vesicula epithelialis Epithelial vesicle Epithelial vesicle
3289 Cellula obscura Dark cell Dark cell
3290 Ductulus bilifer intralobularis Intralobular bile ductule Intralobular bile ductule
3291 Canalis bilifer Bile canal Bile canal §Hering§
3292 Ductulus bilifer interlobularis Interlobular bile ductule Interlobular bile ductule
3293 Trias hepatica Portal triad Portal triad §Glisson§
3294 Ductus hepaticus dexter Right hepatic duct Right hepatic duct
3295 Ductus hepaticus sinister Left hepatic duct Left hepatic duct
3296 Porta hepatis Porta hepatis Porta hepatis
3297 Ductus hepaticus communis Common hepatic duct Common hepatic duct

3298 Vasa hepatica Hepatic vessels Hepatic vessels See below
3299 A. hepatica Hepatic artery Hepatic artery
3300 V. vitellina Vitelline vein Vitelline vein
3301 V. portae Portal vein Portal vein
3302 V. umbilicalis sinistra Left umbilical vein Left umbilical vein
3303 V. hepatica Hepatic vein Hepatic vein
3304 Ductus venosus Ductus venosus Ductus venosus
3305 Haematopoiesis transiens in Transient hepatic haematopoiesis Transient hepatic hematopoiesis
hepate
3306 Histogenesis hepatica definitiva Final hepatic histogenesis Final hepatic histogenesis Final hepatic histogeny
3307 Lobulus hepaticus classicus Lobulus hepaticus polygonalis Classic hepatic lobule Classic hepatic lobule Polygonal hepatic lobule
3308 V. centralis Central vein Central vein
3309 Lamina hepatocytica Hepatocyte lamina Hepatocyte lamina Hepatocyte plate; Hepatic
trabecula
3310 Epithelium bistratificatum Two-layered cuboidal epithelium Twolayered cuboidal epithelium
cuboideum
3311 Hepatoblastus Hepatoblast Hepatoblast
3312 Hepatocytus Hepatocyte Hepatocyte
3313 Canaliculus bilifer Bile canaliculus Bile canaliculus
3314 Vas sinusoideum hepaticum Hepatic sinusoid Hepatic sinusoid Vascular sinus
3316 Cellula necatoria hepatica Pit cell Pit cell Natural killer cell; NK cell
3317 Macrophagocytus stellatus Stellate macrophage Stellate macrophage §Kupffer§
3318 Cellula perisinusoidalis; Cellula Perisinusoidal cell Perisinusoidal cell Fat storing cell §Kupffer; Ito§
accumulans adipem
3319 Spatium perisinusoideum Perisinusoidal space Perisinusoidal space §Disse§
3320 Anomaliae hepatis Hepatic anomalies Hepatic anomalies

3321 Agenesis hepatis Hepatic agenesis Hepatic agenesis
3322 Ectopia hepatis Ectopic liver Ectopic liver
3323 Ectopia textus hepatici Ectopic liver tissue Ectopic liver tissue
3324 Fibrosis hepatis congenita Congenital liver fibrosis Congenital liver fibrosis
3325 Hepar accessorium Accessory liver Accessory liver
3326 Lobus supernumerarius Supernumerary lobe Supernumerary lobe
3327 Lobus accessorius hepatis Accessory hepatic lobe Accessory hepatic lobe
3328 Lobus accessorius dexter Accessory right lobe Accessory right lobe §Riedel§
3329 Lobus supradiaphragmaticus Supradiaphragmatic lobe Supradiaphragmatic lobe
3330 Absentia lobulationis Absence of lobulation Absence of lobulation
3331 Absentia lobulationis partialis Partial absence of lobulation Partial absence of lobulation
3332 Absentia lobulationis completa Complete absence of lobulation Complete absence of lobulation
3333 Hepar polycysticum congenitum Congenital polycystic liver Congenital polycystic liver
3334 Cystis hepatica solitaria congenita Congenital solitary liver cyst Congenital solitary liver cyst
3335 Atresia biliaris intrahepatica Intrahepatic biliary atresia Intrahepatic biliary atresia

3336 Ductus choledochus Ductus biliaris Bile duct Bile duct
3337 Primordium hepatocysticum Lamina hepatica Hepatocystic primordium Hepatocystic primordium Hepatic plate
3338 Diverticulum hepatocysticum Hepatocystic diverticulum Hepatocystic diverticulum
3339 Pars proximalis diverticuli Proximal part of hepatocystic Proximal part of hepatocystic
hepatocystici diverticulum diverticulum
3340 Elongatio diverticuli cystici Elongation of cystic diverticulum Elongation of cystic diverticulum
3341 Diverticulum cysticum cystiforme Cystiform cystic diverticulum Cystiform cystic diverticulum

3344 Cholangiocytus Cholangiocyte Cholangiocyte
3346 Glandula ductus choledochi Gland of bile duct Gland of bile duct
3347 Pars intramuralis ductus Intramural part of bile duct Intramural part of bile duct
choledochi
3348 Appositio ad ductum Apposition to pancreatic duct Apposition to pancreatic duct
pancreaticum

3350 Tunica muscularis Muscular coat Muscular coat Muscular layer
3351 Vagina mesenchymalis communis Common mesenchymal sheath Common mesenchymal sheath Endnote 228
3352 Myoblastus levis Smooth myoblast Smooth myoblast
3353 M. sphincter superior ductus Superior sphincter of bile duct Superior sphincter of bile duct
choledochi
3354 M. sphincter inferior ductus Inferior sphincter of bile duct Inferior sphincter of bile duct
choledochi
3355 M. sphincter ampullae M. sphincter ampullae Sphincter of hepatopancreatic Sphincter of hepatopancreatic Sphincter of biliaropancreatic
hepatopancreaticae biliaropancreaticae ampulla ampulla ampulla
3356 Anomaliae ductus biliaris Bile duct anomalies Bile duct anomalies
3357 Absentia ductus choledochi Absentia ductus biliaris Absence of bile duct Absence of bile duct
3358 Absentia ductus hepatici Absence of common hepatic duct Absence of common hepatic duct
communis
3359 Atresia biliaris extrahepatica Extrahepatic biliary atresia Extrahepatic biliary atresia
3360 Atresia ductus choledochi Atresia ductus biliaris Bile duct atresia Bile duct atresia
3361 Dilatatio congenita intrahepatica Congenital intrahepatic bile duct Congenital intrahepatic bile duct §Caroli§
ductus biliaris dilatation dilatation
3362 Ductus hepaticus accessorius Accessory hepatic duct Accessory hepatic duct
3363 Ductus biliaris duplicatus Duplication of bile duct Duplication of bile duct
3364 Ductus communis duplicatus Duplication of common bile duct Duplication of common bile duct
3365 Hamartoma ductus biliaris Bile duct hamartoma Bile duct hamartoma §von Meyenberg§
3366 Junctura intrahepatica ductuum Intrahepatic union/junction of Intrahepatic union/junction of
hepaticorum hepatic ducts hepatic ducts
3367 Ductus hepaticocysticus Hepatocystic duct Hepatocystic duct

3368 Junctura intrapancreatica ductuum Intrapancreatic union/junction of Intrapancreatic union/junction of
hepaticorum hepatic ducts hepatic ducts
3369 Apertura ectopica ductus biliaris Ectopic opening of common bile Ectopic opening of common bile
communis duct duct
3370 Stenosis ductus choledochi Stenosis ductus biliaris Bile duct stenosis Bile duct stenosis
3371 Vesica biliaris et ductus Gallbladder and cystic duct Gallbladder and cystic duct
cysticus
3375 Irruptio cellularum cristae Invasion of neural crest cells Invasion of neural crest cells
neuralis
3378 Diverticulum cysticum Cystic diverticulum Cystic diverticulum
3379 Vesica biliaris Vesica fellea Gallbladder Gallbladder
3381 Cholecystocytus Cholecystocyte Cholecystocyte
3382 Epitheliocytus penicillatus Brush cell Brush cell Tuft cell
3384 Crypta mucosae Mucosal crypt Mucosal crypt Diverticulum §Rokitanski; Aschoff; Luschka§
3385 Plica mucosae Ruga Mucosal fold Mucosal fold Ruga
3386 Glandula mucosa vesicae Mucous gland of gallbladder Mucous gland of gallbladder
biliaris
3387 Tunica muscularis Muscular coat Muscular coat Muscular layer
3388 Ductus cysticus Cystic duct Cystic duct
3390 Plica spiralis Spiral fold Spiral fold
3391 Tunica fibromuscularis Fibromuscular coat Fibromuscular coat
3392 Anomaliae vesicae biliaris et Anomalies of gallbladder and Anomalies of gallbladder and
ductus cystici cystic duct cystic duct
3393 Absentia vesicae biliaris Absence of gallbladder Absence of gallbladder
3394 Duplicatio vesicae biliaris Duplication of gallbladder Duplication of gallbladder
3395 Vesica biliaris bilobata Bilobed gallbladder Bilobed gallbladder
3396 Vesica biliaris rudimentaria Rudimentary gallbladder Rudimentary gallbladder
3397 Vesica biliaris ectopica Ectopic gallbladder Ectopic gallbladder
3398 Vesica biliaris intrahepatica Intrahepatic gallbladder Intrahepatic gallbladder
3399 Vesica biliaris sinistra Left-sided gallbladder Leftsided gallbladder
3400 Vesica biliaris mobilis Mobile gallbladder Mobile gallbladder
3401 Deformationes vesicae biliaris Vesica biliaris deformata Gallbladder deformities Gallbladder deformities
3402 Vesica biliaris constricta Hourglass deformity Hourglass deformity
3403 Vesica biliaris pileiformis Phrygian cap deformity Phrygian cap deformity
3404 Vesica biliaris sacciformis Gallbladder pouch Gallbladder pouch §Hartmann§
3405 Diverticulum vesicae biliaris Gallbladder diverticulum Gallbladder diverticulum

3406 Mucosa heterotopica Heterotopic mucosa Heterotopic mucosa
3407 Ductus duplicatus Duplication of duct Duplication of duct
3408 Atresia ductus cystici Atresia of cystic duct Atresia of cystic duct
3409 Stenosis ductus cystici Stenosis of cystic duct Stenosis of cystic duct
3410 Ductus cysticus brevis Short cystic duct Short cystic duct
3411 Ostium ectopicum ductus cystici Ectopic orifice Ectopic orifice
3412 Ductus hepatocysticus Hepatocystic duct Hepatocystic duct
3413 Pancreas Pancreas Pancreas

3417 Irruptio cellularum cristae Neural crest cell invasion Neural crest cell invasion
neuralis
3418 Pancreas dorsale Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreas

3420 Dextrorotatio duodeni Dextrorotation of duodenum Dextrorotation of duodenum
3421 Pancreas dorsale Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreas
3422 Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis Dorsal pancreatic duct Dorsal pancreatic duct
3423 Pars dorsalis capitis pancreatis Dorsal part of head of pancreas Dorsal part of head of pancreas
3424 Corpus pancreatis Body of pancreas Body of pancreas
3425 Cauda pancreatis Tail of pancreas Tail of pancreas
3426 Pancreas ventrale Ventral pancreas Ventral pancreas

3431 Ductus pancreaticus ventralis Ventral pancreatic duct Ventral pancreatic duct
3432 Pancreas ventrale Ventral pancreas Ventral pancreas
3433 Pars ventralis capitis pancreatis Ventral part of head of pancreas Ventral part of head of pancreas
3434 Processus uncinatus pancreatis Uncinate process of pancreas Uncinate process of pancreas
3435 Translatio dorsaliter pancreatis Dorsal positional change of ventral Dorsal positional change of ventral
ventralis pancreas pancreas
3436 Convergentia pancreatium dorsalis Merging of dorsal and ventral Merging of dorsal and ventral
et ventralis pancreases pancreases
3437 Anastomosis ductalis Anastomosis of ducts Anastomosis of ducts
3438 Ductus pancreaticus accessorius Accessory pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct §Santorini§
3439 Ductus pancreaticus Pancreatic duct Pancreatic duct §Wirsung§
3440 Positio intraperitonealis primaria Primary intraperitoneal position of Primary intraperitoneal position of
pancreatis pancreas pancreas
3441 Translatio dorsaliter pancreatis Dorsal positional change of Dorsal positional change of
pancreas pancreas
3442 Conjunctio cum peritoneo parietale Fusion with dorsal parietal Fusion with dorsal parietal
dorsale peritoneum peritoneum

3443 Positio retroperitonealis secundaria Secondary retroperitoneal position Secondary retroperitoneal position
pancreatis of pancreas of pancreas
3444 Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogenesis

3447 Pars exocrina pancreatis Exocrine pancreas Exocrine pancreas
3448 Ductus pancreaticus primordialis Primordial pancreatic duct Primordial pancreatic duct
3449 Gemma ductalis Ductal bud Ductal bud
3451 Lobulus pancreatis Pancreatic lobule Pancreatic lobule
3452 Acinus pancreatis Pancreatic acinus Pancreatic acinus
3453 Pancreatocytus exocrinus Exocrine cell of pancreas Exocrine cell of pancreas
3454 Cellula centroacinosa Centro-acinar cell Centroacinar cell
3455 Ductus intercalatus Intercalated duct Intercalated duct
3456 Ductus intralobularis Intralobular duct Intralobular duct
3457 Ductus interlobularis Interlobular duct Interlobular duct
3458 Ductus excretorius Excretory duct Excretory duct
3459 Epitheliocytus basalis Basal cell Basal cell
3460 Epitheliocytus principalis Principal cell Principal cell
3461 Pars endocrina pancreatis Endocrine pancreas Endocrine pancreas
3462 Ductus pancreaticus primordialis Primordial pancreatic duct Primordial pancreatic duct
3463 Gemma endocrina Endocrine bud Endocrine bud
3464 Insula pancreatica initialis Early pancreatic islet Early pancreatic islet Endnote 229
3465 Insula pancreatica definitiva Definitive pancreatic islet Definitive pancreatic islet §Langerhans§
Endnote 230
3466 Differentiatio endocrinocyti Endocrinocyte differentiation Endocrinocyte differentiation Endnote 231
3467 Endocrinocytus α Glucagonocytus α Cell α Cell A cell; Glucagon-secreting cell;
Glucagon secreting cell
3468 Endocrinocytus β Insulinocytus β Cell β Cell B cell; Insulin-secreting cell;
Insulin secreting cell
3469 Endocrinocytus δ Somatostatinocytus δ Cell δ Cell D cell; Somatostatin-secreting cell;
Somatostatin secreting cell
3470 Endocrinocytus δ 1 δ 1 Cell δ 1 Cell D1 cell; VIP cell
3471 Endocrinocytus EC EC cell EC cell Enterochromaffin cell
3472 Endocrinocytus G pancreaticus Pancreatic G cell Pancreatic G cell Pancreatic gastrin cell
3473 Endocrinocytus PP Pancreatic polypeptide cell Pancreatic polypeptide cell PP cell
3474 Endocrinocytus PYY Peptide YY cell Peptide YY cell PYY cell
3475 Endocrinocytus secretans Ghrelin-secreting cell Ghrelin secreting cell
ghrelinum
3476 Gemma insulae pancreaticae Pancreatic islet bud Pancreatic islet bud
3477 Endocrinocytus β extrainsularis Insulinocytus extrainsularis Extra-insular β cell Extrainsular β cell Extra-insular B cell; Extrainsular B
cell; Extra-insular insulin cell;
Extrainsular insulin cell
3478 Transformatio Acinocyto-endocrinal Acinocytoendocrinal
acinocytoendocrinalis transformation transformation

3479 Anomaliae pancreatis Anomalies of pancreas Anomalies of pancreas
3480 Agenesis pancreatis Pancreatic agenesis Pancreatic agenesis
3481 Heterotopia pancreatica Heterotopic pancreas Heterotopic pancreas
3482 Pancreas anulare Anular pancreas Anular pancreas
3483 Papilla accessoria Accessory papilla Accessory papilla
3484 Cystis congenita Congenital cyst Congenital cyst
3485 Pancreas divisum Unfused ventral and dorsal Unfused ventral and dorsal
pancreases pancreases
3486 Ectopia textus pancreatici Heterotopic pancreatic tissue Heterotopic pancreatic tissue
3487 Variationes ductuum Variations of pancreatic ducts Variations of pancreatic ducts
pancreaticorum
3488 Pancreas divisum Pancreas divisum Pancreas divisum
3489 Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis Duplicated dorsal pancreatic duct Duplicated dorsal pancreatic duct
duplex
3490 Ductus pancreaticus ventralis Duplicated ventral pancreatic Duplicated ventral pancreatic
duplex duct duct
3491 Configuratio bifida ductuum Bifid configuration of dorsal and Bifid configuration of dorsal and
pancreaticorum dorsalis et ventral pancreatic ducts ventral pancreatic ducts
ventralis
3492 Ductus hepaticopancreaticus Hepatopancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct

ENDNOTES
174 Nodus primitivus; Nodus gastrulationis Once the primitive node has formed, gene expression centred on it becomes asymmetrical and the molecular basis for left-right asymmetry is established.
175 Vagina acellularis notochordalis; Lamina basalis notochordalis The extracellular notochordal basal lamina is rich in glycosaminoglycans and is to be distinguished from the cellular notochordal sheath (Gotz W,
Osmers R, Herken R. Localization of extracellular matrix components in the embryonic human notochord and axial mesenchyme. J Anat 1995;186:111-121). An expansion of the notochord between the centra of
adjacent vertebrae blends with perinotochordal tissue to form the nucleus pulposus.
176 Calvaria The calvaria, which consists of the parietal bones and the squamous parts of the frontal, temporal and occipital bones, is formed as lamellar bone and replaces chondroid tissue, which persists only in
the sutural areas.
177 Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum sequentium Only the first four pharyngeal arches, grooves and pouches are distinct structures. As the cartilages of the larynx develop caudal to the fourth arch, their precise
origin is unknown. While the arch cartilage derivatives of the head are universally regarded as components of the viscerocranium, the arch cartilage derivatives of the neck may be regarded as postcranial axial
skeleton.
178 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngiomeric mesenchyme is thought to be derived from paraxial mesoderm, supplemented by ectomesenchyme (neural crest) and possibly also from epipharyngeal
placodes.
179 Discus intervertebralis The whole of an anulus fibrosus, at least, is derived from a caudal dense part of the notochordal sheath.
180 Zona apoptotica anterior; Zona apoptica posterior; Zona apoptotica interdigitalis Programmed cell death in the development of the limb bud is regulated by local growth factors. After apoptotic cell death,
macrophages clear and remove cell remnants without inducing any inflammatory reaction. With the recognition that programmed cell death in the embryo is not by necrosis, a pathological process evoking
inflammation, the terms anterior, posterior and interdigital necrotic zones are not recommended
181 Zona progressus The progress zone model for proximodistal patterning postulates that cells acquire positional information according to the length of time they spend in the subectodermal apical mesenchyme.
The alternative early specification model postulates that segmental progenitors are already localized along the proximodistal axis. However, neither model fits the large amount of molecular expression data
generated in the last decade (Tabin C, Wolpert L. Rethinking the proximodistal axis of the vertebrate limb in the molecular era. Genes Dev 2007;21:1433-42).
182 Radius manus The five rays that form in the hand plate are appropriately named hand rays rather than digital rays because they give rise to the metacarpals as well as to the phalanges.
183 Radius pedis The five rays that form in the foot plate are appropriately named foot rays rather than digital rays because they give rise to the metatarsals as well as to the phalanges.
184 Amentum articulationis An articulation loop is a tissue connection between the anlagen of antagonistic muscles. Joint clefts form in a gliding zone (see next footnote) in the connection.
185 Zona defluens A gliding zone is where adjacent tissue layers undergo relative movement along their substrata, thereby giving origin to tissue discontinuities such as joint cavities and synovial bursae and
sheaths.
186 Anomaliae et variationes crescentiae cranii Only cranial defects without underlying neural tube defects are listed here. Dysraphias are dealt with substantively under Nervous System. As elsewhere,
convention has the suffixes –ia in Latin and –y in English indicating the condition; the suffix –us, in either language refers to an individual with that condition.
187 Frons latus In relation to this and a multiplicity of other anomalies, previous embryological terminologies have included a substantial list of dysmorphias. Here, however, dysmorphias have been been distributed
between the sections and systems and a representative selection has been listed at the end of each. See, for example,

(1) The special issue on Elements of morphology: standard terminology (Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:1-127). The treatment is based on description of the anomaly or growth variation. For details see the
individual papers: Carey JC. Editorial comment: (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:1); Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, Carey JC, Hennekam RCM. Elements of morphology: introduction (Am J Med Genet Part A
2009;149A:2-5); Allanson JE, Cunniff C, Hoyme HE, McGaughran J, Muenke M, Neri G. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the head and face (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:6-28); Hall BD,
Graham JM Jr., Cassidy SB, OpitzJM. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the periorbital region (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:29-39); Hunter A, Frias J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, HughesH,
Jones K, Wilson L. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the ear (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:40-60); Hennekam RCM, Cormier-Daire V, Hall J,Méhes K, Patton M, Stevenson R. Elements of
morphology: standard terminology for the nose and philtrum (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:61-76); Carey JC, Cohen MM Jr., Curry CJR, Devriendt K, Holmes LB, Verloes A. Elements of morphology:
standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:77-92); Biesecker LG, Aase JM, Clericuzio C, Gurrieri F, Temple IK, Toriello H. Elements of morphology: standard
terminology for the hands and feet (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:93-127).
(2) The Bedside Dysmorphologist. W Reardon Oxford University Press, 2008, 2015, which presents individual anomalies as components of Syndromes.
(3) See also the Winter-Baraitser Dysmorphology Database [WBDD] http://www.lmdatabases.com/. WBDD currently contains information on over 4450 dysmorphic, multiple congenital anomaly and mental
retardation syndromes. It includes single gene disorders and sporadic conditions, as well as those caused by environmental agents. While it mainly contains information about non-chromosomal multiple congenital
anomaly syndromes, it also includes information about distinctive microdeletion syndromes and those resulting from uniparental disomy. WBDD contains over 44000 fully searchable references, linked to the
appropriate syndromes.
188 Anomaliae columnae vertebralis Only vertebral anomalies thought to be congenital and without underlying neural tube defects are listed here: thus for example, Spondylolisthesis and Os odontoideum, no
longer considered congenital, are not listed. Dysraphias are dealt with substantively under Nervous System.
189 Talipes The term Club foot has not been listed because of its inconsistent use in describing the results of more than one of these anatomical deformities.
190 Musculi; Systema musculare This section refers only to noncardiac striated muscle. Other muscle is presented under the corresponding structures (e.g. alimentary system, cardiovascular system).
191 Primordia musculorum externorum bulbi oculi The extra-ocular muscles are derived from preotic somites which migrate to a position around the developing eyeball.
192 Blastemata musculorum masticatoriorum The primordia of the principal muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis and pterygoids) as well as of mylohoid and the anterior belly of the digastric.
193 Blastemata musculorum faciei The primordia of the muscles of facial expression as well as of stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric.
194 Blastema musculi sternocleidomastoidei; Blastema musculi trapezii The single primordium for these two muscles is located in the epicardial ridge, caudal to the fourth pharyngeal arch and the cervical sinus.
As the neck elongates the primordium divides so that the two muscles come to bound the posterior triangle.
195 Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Embryonic ectoderm, apart from providing surface epithelium and throughepitheliomesenchymal transformation and ingression of embryonic ectoderm of the
umbilical ring, may contribute mesenchyme to the underlying tissues.
196 Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Mesenchyme from the caudal eminence passes ventrally around the cloacal membrane to contribute to the musculature and connective tissue of the infra-umbilical
abdominal wall and the underlying bladder wall.
197 Blastema musculi recti abdominis Only material from the midthoracic segments has reached its destination by the end of the embryonic period so that only the cranial parts of the blastemata of rectus
abdominis have come together by then. At that time, more caudally, they are still divaricated and a triangular transparent area between them includes the umbilical ring. By the end of the first trimester, the recti have
come together throughout, except at the umbilical ring.
198 Annulus umbilicalis The term umbilical ring is used in two different but related ways. Firstly, it describes the site on the ventral aspect of an embryo where the margins of the folded embryonic disc converge;
the structures transmitted by the ring become covered by amnion and mesenchyme and form the umbilical cord; secondly, it describes the opening through which the umbilical vessels pass: in young embryos it is

relatively closer to the pubis than in the fetus, in which it becomes an umbilical hiatus in the linea alba, which normally closes in postnatal life.
199 Blastemata in compartimentis medialis et posterioris femoris These blastemata give rise to the muscles of the posterior and medial compartments of the thigh apart from the short head of biceps femoris.
These are abductors magnus, longus and brevis, gracilis, obturator externus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and the long head of biceps femoris.
200 Blastema musculorum obturatorii interni et gemellorum In the 14mm embryo no distinction can be made between the obturator internus and the two gemelli (Bardeen CR. Development and variation of the
nerves and musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighbouring regions of the trunk in man. Am J Anat 1907;6:259-390)
201 Placoda nasalis; Placoda olfactoria The term nasal placode is preferred as the placode gives rise to respiratory and vomeronasal as well as olfactory structures.
202 Prominentia nasalis medialis; Sulcus nasolacrimalis; Sulcus lacrimalis The term prominence is recommended for this and similar facial features because they are not processes or projections but swellings
caused by growth centres; they do not fuse as processes do but merge as mesenchyme fills the depressions and raises the epithelium between them. The nasolacrimal groove is said to appear approximately
along, but independently of, the line where the maxillary and frontonasal prominences merge and is thus not to be synonymous with the nasomaxillary groove (O'Rahilly R and Müller F. Human Embryology &
Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001).
203 Lamina lacrimalis The lacrimal lamina is a thickening of the epithelium at the bottom of the lacrimal groove: its tip bifurcates to form primordial canaliculi before it canalises and connects conjunctival and
inferior meatal epithelia (de la Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peña MD, Jáñez-Escalada L, Mérida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human excretory lacrimal system. J Anat 2006;209:127-135).
204 Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Mesenchyme condenses in relation to the superior conjunctival fornix, the epithelium of which thickens before the appearance of epithelial buds (Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peňa
MD, Mėrida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human lacrimal gland. J Anat 2003;203:531-536).
205 Labium fetale et neonatale The parts are as given by Miethke R-R. Zur Anatomie der Ober- und Unterlippe zwischen dem 4. intrauterinen Monat und der Geburt. (Gegenbaurs morph Jahrbuch 1977;123:424-
452).
206 Pars distalis vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae; Pars distalis sacci vitellini secundarii There are no known derivatives of the endodermal lining of this embryonic structure.
207 Fovea analis Although there is no proctodeal depression comparable to the stomodeum, there is a slight anal pit over the terminal hindgut
208 Gemma glandulae parotideae See Gasser RF. The early development of the parotid gland around the facial nerve and its branches in man (Anat Rec 1970:167; 63-78).
209 Organum juxtaorale The development, possible function and clinical importance of the juxta-oral organ have been described (Mérida-Velasco JR, Rodrígez-Vásquez JF, Cuadra-Blanco C, Salmerón JI,
Sánchez-Montesinos I, Mérida-Velasco JA. Morphogenesis of the juxtaoral organ in humans. J Anat 2005:206;155-163).
210 Processus palatinus medianus The median palatal process is located in and adjacent to the midline and is the conjoined, lower (caudal) part of the medial nasal prominences. It is sometimes referred to as
the intermaxillary segment because of its location between the maxillary processes and rostral to the presumptive incisive canal. The incisive tooth buds form in the region. Historically, the region has been called
the premaxilla but this usage is not recommended because of possible confusion with the premaxilla of the maxillary bone.
211 Fissurae labiorum et palati; Cheilopalatoschises Clefts of the gums and alveolar arches are associated with these anomalies.
212 Epithelium linguogingivale; Epithelium sublinguale Whether the epithelia of the submandibular and sublingual glands are of ectodermal or endodermal origin is uncertain because they arise in the linguogingival
sulcus, between the ectodermal epithelium of the gingiva and the endodermal epithelium of the tongue.

213 Glandulae sublinguales This collective term includes, on each side, both a single well-encapsulated major sublingual gland and the 8-30 less well-encapsulated minor sublingual glands, each with its own duct
(Schulte H. The development of the salivary glands in man. In: Huntingdon GS, Schulte H. Eds. Studies in cancer and allied subjects. Vol 4. New York: Columbia Univ Press; 1913:25-72).
214 Recessus tubotympanicus As the first pharyngeal pouch is probably no longer distinguishable when the tubotympanic recess grows out from the oropharynx, there is uncertainty about the pouch of origin of
the recess.
215 Gemma thymica Most of the thymic epithelium, including its medullary cytoreticulum (epithelioreticular cells types IV to VI), is derived from the endoderm of the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch but its
cortical cytoreticulum (epithelioreticular cells types I to III) is derived from the ectoderm of the third pharyngeal groove.
216 Corpus ultimopharyngeum The ultimopharyngeal bodies, which are said to provide the lateral components of the thyroid and parathyroid glands (Weller JL.Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus
glands in man. Carnegie Instn Wash Publ 443, Contrib Embryol 1933;24:93-139), separate from pharyngeal pouches III and IV in Carnegie Stage 12.
217 Cystis cervicalis; Fistula cervicalis The term cervical is preferred to pharyngeal for these defects since it refers to their definitive location rather than to their supposed origin. Many cervical lesions are acquired
rather than congenital and originate in the lympho-epithelial system rather than the pharyngeal arch system.
218 Canalis oesophagogastrointesinalis; Canalis digestorius Listed here are features common to the development of the entire alimentary canal, in the order in which they appear. They are not repeated
subsequently for individual organs or parts.
219 Pars mesenteronica duodeni; Pars mesenteronica coli primordialis; Pars mesenteronica coli transversi primordialis; Pars mesenteronica coli transversi. The neologism mesenteralis has been coined to refer to
the mesenteron or midgut in order to avoid confusion with mesentericus, which refers to the mesenterium or mesentery.
220 Positio intraperitonealis Although not strictly so, an organ is said to be intraperitoneal when it is almost completely surrounded by peritoneum.
221 Lumen duodeni obturatum The duodenal lumen is obliterated in places due to epithelial proliferation. Recanalization starts with the formation and expansion of intra-epithelial vacuoles (Patzelt V. Der Darm. In
von Möllendorf W. ed. Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Vol 5/3. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1932:1-448).
222 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati The term aggregated lymphoid nodules is shorthand for the localized, persistent, macroscopic, subepithelial aggregations of coalescent lymphoid nodules, which not only
penetrate the submucosa but also are visible from the serosal aspect of the small intestine.
223 Rotatio ansae umbilicalis intestini Although not entirely appropriate, the commonly used word rotation is retained. The process is one of differential growth of the developing organs, of which one result is
‘rotation’.
224 Pars analis membranae cloacalis Because the urorectal septum does not reach the cloacal membrane, a separate anal membrane does not exist. After the cloacal membrane ruptures, the anorectal lumen is
temporarily closed by an epithelial plug, which might previously have been interpreted as an anal membrane.
225 Canalis analis occlusus The anus is temporarily occluded by adhesion and an epithelial plug, which may have been mistaken for an anal membrane. A separate anal membrane does not exist because the
urorectal septum does not reach the cloacal membrane.
226 Urenteron; Pars postcloacalis intestini The term postanal gut is a misnomer because the tailgut is evanescent and has disappeared before there is an established anorectum.
227 Lamina hepatocytica frontalis dorsalis Differentiation results in the formation first of two frontal plates and then of sagittally-orientated plates between them: the ventral plate also gives rise to ventrally-
projecting hepatic plates (Lipp W. Die frűhe Strukturentwicklung des Leberparenchyms beim Menschen. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 1952; 59:161-186).

228 Vagina mesenchymalis communis The mesenchymal sheath is common to the bile and pancreatic ducts but not initially continuous with that of the duodenum.
229 Insula pancreatica initialis At twenty weeks the organization of the endocrine cells is still not definitive: β cells lie in the centre and α, δ and PP cells surround them.
230 Insula pancreatica definitiva At twenty-four weeks the organization of the endocrine cells in the islets is complete: α, δ and PP cells lie in the centre and are surrounded by β cells.
231 Differentiatio endocrinocyti Endocrinocytes β, δ, α, and PP are present in that descending order of relative volume fraction at 10 weeks (Hahn von Dorsche H. Inselorgan. 626-32 in Hinrichsen KV.
Humanembryologie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1990); the relative volume fraction of other endocrinocytes is not known from this reference.

Second Edition
FIPAT
TE2, PART III

Contents
Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued)

Systema respiratorium Respiratory system
Systema urinarium Urinary system
Systemata genitalia Genital systems
Coeloma Coelom
Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands
Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system
Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system


Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS

3493 Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Respiratory system
3494 Nasus Nose Nose
3495 Placoda nasalis Placoda olfactoria Nasal placode Nasal placode Nasal disc; Olfactory placode
3498 Tunica mucosa olfactoria Olfactory mucous membrane Olfactory mucous membrane
3499 Tunica mucosa glandularis Glandular mucosa of Glandular mucosa of
organi vomeronasalis vomeronasal organ vomeronasal organ
immaturum
3502 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Respiratory mucosa Respiratory mucosa
3503 Epithelium stratificatum Nonkeratinized stratified Nonkeratinized stratified
squamosum noncornificatum squamous epithelium of nasal squamous epithelium of nasal
vestibuli nasi vestibule vestibule
3504 Epithelium stratificatum Keratinized stratified squamous Keratinized stratified squamous
squamosum cornificatum vestibuli epithelium of nasal vestibule epithelium of nasal vestibule
nasi
3506 Prominentia frontalis Processus frontalis Frontal prominence Frontal prominence Frontal process
3507 Prominentia nasalis lateralis Processus nasalis lateralis Lateral nasal prominence Lateral nasal prominence Lateral nasal process
3509 Cavitas oronasalis Oronasal cavity Oronasal cavity

3510 Palatum primarium Processus palatinus medianus Primary palate Primary palate Palatal process
3511 Cavitas nasalis primaria Primary nasal cavity Primary nasal cavity
3514 Choana primaria Primary choana Primary choana
3515 Processus palatinus lateralis Lateral palatal process Lateral palatal process
3516 Palatum secundarium Palatum definitivum Secondary palate Secondary palate Definitive palate
3517 Raphe palati Palatal raphé Palatal raphé Palatine raphé
3518 Cavitas nasalis Nasal cavity Nasal cavity
3519 Crista septalis Septal ridge Septal ridge
3521 Sulcus vomeronasalis Vomeronasal groove Vomeronasal groove
3522 Organum vomeronasale Vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal organ §Jacobson§
3523 Ductus vomeronasalis Vomeronasal duct Vomeronasal duct
3524 Ruga conchalis Conchal ridge Conchal ridge
3525 Naris Naris Naris
3526 Choana Choana nasalis; Naris interna Choana Choana Nasal choana; Internal naris

3527 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Respiratory mucosa of Respiratory mucosa of
sinus paranasalis paranasal sinus paranasal sinus
3528 Gemma mucosae sinus maxillaris Mucosal bud of maxillary sinus Mucosal bud of maxillary sinus
3529 Sulcus sinus maxillaris Sulcus of maxillary sinus Sulcus of maxillary sinus
3530 Diverticulum sinus maxillaris Diverticulum of maxillary sinus Diverticulum of maxillary sinus Endnote 232
3531 Sinus maxillaris Maxillary sinus Maxillary sinus
3532 Sulci cellularum ethmoidalium Sulci of ethmoidal cells Sulci of ethmoidal cells
3533 Diverticulum cellulae ethmoidalis Diverticulum of ethmoidal cell Diverticulum of ethmoidal cell Endnote 233
3534 Cellula ethmoidalis Ethmoidal cell Ethmoidal cell
3535 Sulcus sinus sphenoidalis Sulcus of sphenoidal sinus Sulcus of sphenoidal sinus
3536 Diverticulum sinus sphenoidalis Diverticulum of sphenoidal sinus Diverticulum of sphenoidal sinus
3537 Sinus sphenoidalis Sphenoidal sinus Sphenoidal sinus
3538 Sulcus sinus frontalis Sulcus of frontal sinus Sulcus of frontal sinus
3539 Diverticulum sinus frontalis Diverticulum of frontal sinus Diverticulum of frontal sinus
3540 Sinus frontalis Frontal sinus Frontal sinus
3541 Anomaliae nasi Nasal anomalies Nasal anomalies Endnote 234

3542 Atresia choanarum Choanal atresia Choanal atresia See Facial and craniofacial
anomalies
3543 Fissura nasalis Nasal cleft Nasal cleft See Facial and craniofacial
anomalies
3544 Conjunctio anomaliarum CHARGE association CHARGE association Coloboma, heart defect, atresia of
cardiacarum, genitalium et choanae, retardation of growth,
oticarum, colobomatis, atresiae genital anomaly and ear defect
choanarum atque crescentiae
retardatae
3545 Dyskinesiae ciliares primariae Primary ciliary dyskinesias Primary ciliary dyskinesias §Kartagener§
3546 Pharynx Pharynx Pharynx

3547 Eminentia hypopharyngea Hypopharyngeal eminence Hypopharyngeal eminence Endnote 235
3548 Intumescentia epiglottidis Epiglottis turgida Epiglottal swelling Epiglottal swelling
3549 Epiglottis Epiglottis Epiglottis
squamosum noncornificatum partis squamous epithelium of proximal squamous epithelium of proximal
proximalis epiglottidis epiglottis epiglottis
3551 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Respiratory mucosa of distal Respiratory mucosa of distal
partis distalis epiglottidis epiglottis epiglottis
3552 Formatio arboris respiratoriae Formation of respiratory tree Formation of respiratory tree Endnote 236
3554 Sulcus laryngotrachealis Laryngotracheal groove Laryngotracheal groove
3555 Gemma respiratoria Respiratory bud Respiratory bud Endnote 237
3557 Gradus initialis formationis Initial stage of formation Initial stage of formation
3558 Diverticulum laryngotracheale Diverticulum respiratorium Laryngotracheal diverticulum Laryngotracheal diverticulum Respiratory diverticulum
3559 Crista tracheooesophagea Tracheo-oesophageal fold Tracheoesophageal fold
3560 Septum tracheooesophageum Tracheo-oesophageal septum Tracheoesophageal septum

3561 Tubus laryngotrachealis Laryngotracheal tube Laryngotracheal tube
3562 Larynx Larynx Larynx
3563 Primordium glottidis Primordium of glottis Primordium of glottis
3564 Tuber arytenoideum Arytenoid swelling Arytenoid swelling
3565 Septum epitheliale laryngis Epithelial septum of larynx Epithelial septum of larynx Endnote 238
3566 Lamina epithelialis laryngis Epithelial lamina of larynx Epithelial lamina of larynx
3567 Cartilago arytenoidea Arytenoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage
3569 Condensatio mesenchymalis Mesenchymal condensation of Mesenchymal condensation of Endnote 239
epiglottidis epiglottis epiglottis
3570 Condensatio mesenchymalis Mesenchymal condensation of Mesenchymal condensation of
ossis hyoidei hyoid bone hyoid bone
3571 Cartilago ossis hyoidei Cartilage of hyoid bone Cartilage of hyoid bone Endnote 240
3572 Os hyoideus Hyoid bone Hyoid bone
cartilaginis cricoideae cricoid cartilage cricoid cartilage
3574 Cartilago cricoidea Cricoid cartilage Cricoid cartilage
3575 Condensationes Mesenchymal condensations Mesenchymal condensations
mesenchymales cartilaginum of thyroid cartilages of thyroid cartilages
thyroidearum
3576 Cartilago laminae thyroideae Cartilage of thyroid lamina Cartilage of thyroid lamina Endnote 241
3577 Aditus laryngis Laryngeal inlet Laryngeal inlet
3578 Vestibulum laryngis Laryngeal vestibule Laryngeal vestibule Endnote 242
3579 Plica vestibuli Vestibular fold Vestibular fold
3580 Rima vestibuli Rima vestibuli Rima vestibuli
3581 Ventriculus laryngis Laryngeal ventricle Laryngeal ventricle
3582 Plica vocalis Vocal fold Vocal fold
3583 Rima glottidis Rima vocalis Rima glottidis Rima glottidis
3584 Cavitas infraglottica Infraglottic cavity Infraglottic cavity
3585 Gemma trachealis Tracheal bud Tracheal bud
3586 Trachea Trachea Trachea
3587 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Laryngotracheal respiratory Laryngotracheal respiratory
laryngotrachealis mucosa mucosa
3588 Neuroendocrinocytus Respiratory neuro-endocrine cell Respiratory neuroendocrine cell §Kulchitsky/Feyrter§
respiratorius
3589 Glandula laryngealis Laryngeal gland Laryngeal gland
3590 Glandula trachealis Tracheal gland Tracheal gland
3591 Mucocytus Mucous cell Mucous cell
3592 Seromucocytus Seromucous cell Seromucous cell
3593 Myoepitheliocytus Myo-epithelial cell Myoepithelial cell
3594 Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea Laryngotracheal Laryngotracheal
laryngotrachealis fibromusculocartilaginous layer fibromusculocartilaginous layer
3595 Tunica adventitia laryngotrachealis Laryngotracheal adventitia Laryngotracheal adventitia
3597 Gemma bronchialis primaria Primary bronchial bud Primary bronchial bud
3598 Gemma bronchialis secundaria Gemma lobi pulmonaliis Secondary bronchial bud Secondary bronchial bud Pulmonary lobar bud
3599 Gemma bronchialis tertiaria Gemma segmenti Tertiary bronchopulmonary bud Tertiary bronchopulmonary bud Bronchopulmonary segmental bud
bronchopulmonalis

3600 Saccus pulmonalis primordialis Primordial lung sac Primordial lung sac
3601 Pulmo fetalis Fetal lung Fetal lung
3602 Tempus pseudoglandulare Pseudoglandular period of lung Pseudoglandular period of lung

pulmonis
3603 Bronchus Bronchus Bronchus
3604 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Bronchial respiratory mucosa Bronchial respiratory mucosa
bronchialis
3605 Neuroendocrinocytus Respiratory neuro-endocrine Respiratory neuroendocrine §Kulchitsky/Feyrter§
respiratorius cell cell
3606 Glandula bronchialis Bronchial gland Bronchial gland
3608 Seromucocytus Seromucous cell Seromucous cell
3610 Bronchiolus Bronchiole Bronchiole
3611 Epithelium simplex columnare Simple ciliated columnar Simple ciliated columnar
ciliatum epithelium epithelium
3612 Exocrinocytus bronchiolaris Bronchiolar exocrine cell Bronchiolar exocrine cell §Clara§
3613 Exocrinocytus caliciformis Mucocytus Goblet cell Goblet cell Mucous cell
3614 Bronchiolus terminalis Terminal bronchiole Terminal bronchiole
3615 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple ciliated cuboidal Simple ciliated cuboidal
3617 Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea Bronchial Bronchial
bronchialis fibromusculocartilaginous layer fibromusculocartilaginous layer
3618 Tunica adventitia bronchialis Bronchial adventitia Bronchial adventitia
3619 Tempus canaliculare Canalicular stage Canalicular stage

3620 Acinus pulmonalis Pulmonary acinus Pulmonary acinus
3621 Bronchiolus respiratorius Respiratory bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole
3622 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple ciliated cuboidal Simple ciliated cuboidal
3623 Vascularisatio Vascularization Vascularization
3624 Pneumocytus typi I Type I pneumocyte Type I pneumocyte
3626 Tempus sacci terminalis Tempus sacculare Terminal sac stage Terminal sac stage Saccular stage
3627 Acinus pulmonalis Pulmonary acinus Pulmonary acinus
3628 Bronchiolus respiratorius Respiratory bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole
3629 Pneumocytus typi II Type II pneumocyte Type II pneumocyte
3632 Ductus transitionalis Transitional duct Transitional duct
3633 Saccus terminalis Terminal sac Terminal sac
3634 Ductus alveolaris Alveolar duct Alveolar duct
3635 Alveolus primitivus Primitive alveolus Primitive alveolus
3636 Parenchyma pulmonis Parenchyma of lung Parenchyma of lung
3637 Interstitium pulmonis Interstitium of lung Interstitium of lung

3638 Pleura visceralis Visceral pleura Visceral pleura
3639 Pleura parietalis Parietal pleura Parietal pleura
3640 Tempus alveolare Alveolar stage Alveolar stage

3641 Sacculus alveolaris Alveolar saccule Alveolar saccule
3642 Ductulus alveolaris Alveolar duct Alveolar duct
3643 Alveolus pulmonalis Pulmonary alveolus Pulmonary alveolus
3645 Surfactantum pulmonale Pulmonary surfactant Pulmonary surfactant
3647 Anomaliae arboris respiratoriae Anomalies of respiratory tree Anomalies of respiratory tree
3648 Anomaliae laryngis Laryngeal anomalies Laryngeal anomalies
3649 Atresia laryngis Laryngeal atresia Laryngeal atresia
3650 Atresia partialis laryngis Partial laryngeal atresia Partial laryngeal atresia Laryngeal web
3651 Cystis laryngis Laryngeal cyst Laryngeal cyst
3652 Fissura Laryngotracheal-oesophageal cleft Laryngotrachealesophageal cleft
laryngotracheooesophagea
3653 Anomaliae tracheae Tracheal anomalies Tracheal anomalies

3654 Absentia tracheae Absence of trachea Absence of trachea
3655 Diverticulum tracheae Diverticulum of trachea Diverticulum of trachea Tracheal bronchus
3656 Fistula tracheooesophagea Tracheo-oesophageal fistula Tracheoesophageal fistula
3657 Segmentatio abnormalis skeleti Abnormal segmentation of Abnormal segmentation of
cartilaginei trachealis cartilaginous skeleton of trachea cartilaginous skeleton of trachea
3658 Stenosis tracheae Stenosis of trachea Stenosis of trachea
3659 Atresia tracheae Tracheal atresia Tracheal atresia
3660 Anomaliae bronchorum Bronchial anomalies Bronchial anomalies

3661 Atresia bronchi Atresia of bronchus Atresia of bronchus
3662 Bronchus eparterialis sinister Left eparterial bronchus Left eparterial bronchus
3663 Cystis bronchogenica Bronchogenic cyst Bronchogenic cyst
3664 Segmentatio abnormalis skeleti Abnormal segmentation of Abnormal segmentation of
cartilaginei bronchi cartilaginous skeleton of bronchus cartilaginous skeleton of bronchus
3665 Anomaliae pulmonum Lung anomalies Lung anomalies

3666 Agenesis pulmonalis bilateralis Bilateral pulmonary agenesis Bilateral pulmonary agenesis
3667 Agenesis pulmonalis unilateralis Unilateral pulmonary agenesis Unilateral pulmonary agenesis
3668 Aplasia pulmonalis Pulmonary aplasia Pulmonary aplasia
3669 Hypoplasia pulmonalis tota Total pulmonary hypoplasia Total pulmonary hypoplasia
3670 Hypoplasia pulmonalis partialis Partial pulmonary hypoplasia Partial pulmonary hypoplasia
3671 Emphysema congenitale Congenital emphysema Congenital emphysema

3672 Cystis pulmonalis Pulmonary cyst Pulmonary cyst
3673 Absentia fissurae pulmonis Absence of pulmonary fissure Absence of pulmonary fissure Fused lobes
3674 Fissura accessoria pulmonis Accessory fissure Accessory fissure
3675 Fistula arteriovenosa pulmonis Arteriovenous fistula of lung Arteriovenous fistula of lung

3676 Lobus accessorius Accessory lobe Accessory lobe
3677 Lobus azygos pulmonis Azygos lobe Azygos lobe Lobe of azygos vein
3678 Lymphangiectasia cystica Cystic lymphangiectasia of lung Cystic lymphangiectasia of lung
pulmonis
3679 Pulmo accessorius Accessory lung Accessory lung
3680 Pulmo multilobatus Multilobed lung Multilobed lung
3681 Pulmo polycysticus Polycystic lung Polycystic lung
3682 Pulmo unguliformis Horseshoe lung Horseshoe lung
3683 Situs inversus thoracis Thoracic situs inversus Thoracic situs inversus
3684 Situs inversus totus thoracis Total thoracic situs inversus Total thoracic situs inversus
3685 Situs inversus partialis thoracis Partial thoracic situs inversus Partial thoracic situs inversus
3687 Isomerismus dexter Right isomerism Right isomerism
3688 Isomerismus sinister Left isomerism Left isomerism
3689 Systema urinarium Urinary system Urinary system

3690 Mesoderma intermedium Intermediate mesoderm Intermediate mesoderm Endnote 243
3691 Pronephros Pronephros Pronephros Endnote 244
3692 Nephrotomus Nephrotome Nephrotome
3693 Nephrocoeloma Nephrocoele Nephrocele
3694 Glomerulus externus External glomerulus External glomerulus Endnote 245
3695 Ductus pronephricus Pronephric duct Pronephric duct
3696 Mesonephros Mesonephros Mesonephros

3697 Crista mesonephrica Plica mesonephrica Mesonephric ridge Mesonephric ridge Mesonephric fold
3698 Chorda nephrogenica Chorda mesonephrica Nephrogenic cord Nephrogenic cord Mesonephric cord Endnote 246
3699 Ductus mesonephricus Mesonephric duct Mesonephric duct §Wolff§
3700 Ductus mesonephricus cum Mesonephric duct connected to Mesonephric duct connected to
cloaca connectus cloaca cloaca
3701 Aggregatio cellularum in chordis Clustering of mesonephric cord Clustering of mesonephric cord
nephrogenicis cells cells
3702 Vesicula mesonephrica Mesonephric vesicle Mesonephric vesicle
3703 Vesicula commaformata Comma-shaped vesicle Comma shaped vesicle
3704 Vesicula piriformis Piriform vesicle Piriform vesicle
3705 Tubulus sigmoideus S-shaped tubule S shaped tubule
3706 TUBULI MESONEPHRICI MESONEPHRIC TUBULES MESONEPHRIC TUBULES

3707 Tubulus mesonephricus Proximal mesonephric tubule Proximal mesonephric tubule
proximalis
3708 Tubulus mesonephricus distalis Distal mesonephric tubule Distal mesonephric tubule Collecting tubule
3709 Corpusculum mesonephricum Mesonephric corpuscle Mesonephric corpuscle
3710 Capsula glomeruli Glomerular capsule Glomerular capsule
3711 Glomerulus mesonephricus Mesonephric glomerulus Mesonephric glomerulus
3712 Metanephros Metanephros Metanephros

3713 REGRESSIO MESONEPHRICA MESONEPHRIC REGRESSION MESONEPHRIC REGRESSION

3714 PARS CAUDALIS DUCTUS CAUDAL END OF CAUDAL END OF
MESONEPHRICI MESONEPHRIC DUCT MESONEPHRIC DUCT
3715 Gemma ureterica Diverticulum metanephricum Ureteric bud Ureteric bud Metanephric diverticulum Endnote 247
3716 Ureter Ureter Ureter

3717 Occlusio luminis ureteri Occluded ureteric lumen Occluded ureteric lumen
3718 Recanalisatio luminis ureteri Recanalised ureteric lumen Recanalised ureteric lumen
3719 Pelvis renalis Renal pelvis Renal pelvis

3720 Ampulla ureterica Ureteric ampulla Ureteric ampulla Endnote 248
3721 Ramificatio primi ordinis Symmetrical first branching Symmetrical first branching
symmetrica
3722 R. inferior Inferior branch Inferior branch
3723 R. superior Superior branch Superior branch
3724 Ramificatio ulterior asymmetrica Asymmetrical subsequent Asymmetrical subsequent
branching branching
3725 R. brevis Short branch Short branch
3726 Ductus interpolaris Interpolar duct Interpolar duct Endnote 249
3727 Propelvis interpolaris Interpolar propelvis Interpolar propelvis
3728 R. longus Long branch Long branch
3729 Ductus polaris superior Superior polar duct Superior polar duct Endnote 249
3730 Propelvis polaris superior Superior polar propelvis Superior polar propelvis
3731 Ductus polaris inferior Inferior polar duct Inferior polar duct Endnote 249
3732 Propelvis polaris inferior Inferior polar propelvis Inferior polar propelvis
3733 Conjunctio propelvium Fusion of propelvises Fusion of propelvises
3734 Pelvis renalis Renal pelvis Renal pelvis
3735 Typus dendriticus pelvis renalis Dendritic type of renal pelvis Dendritic type of renal pelvis
3736 Typus ampullaris pelvis renalis Ampullary type of renal pelvis Ampullary type of renal pelvis
3737 Ramificatio ulterior asymmetrica Asymmetrical subsequent Asymmetrical subsequent
branching branching
3738 Calix renalis major Major renal calyx Major renal calyx
3739 Calix renalis minor Minor renal calyx Minor renal calyx
3740 Ductus papillaris Papillary duct Papillary duct
3741 Tubulus metanephricus colligens Ductus metanephricus colligens Collecting tubule of metanephros Collecting tubule of metanephros Collecting duct of metanephros; §Bellini§
CD of metanephros
3742 BLASTEMA METANEPHROGENIC METANEPHROGENIC Metanephric mass of mesenchyme

METANEPHROGENICUM BLASTEMA BLASTEMA
3743 Stroma renis Stroma of kidney Stroma of kidney
3744 Capsula fibrosa renis Fibrous capsule of kidney Fibrous capsule of kidney Renal capsule
3745 Galea metanephrogenica Metanephrogenic cap Metanephrogenic cap
3746 Lobulus embryonicus Embryonic metanephric lobule Embryonic metanephric lobule
metanephricus
3747 Lobus fetalis metanephricus Fetal metanephric lobe Fetal metanephric lobe
3748 Ren extra nonlobatus Externally unlobulated kidney Externally unlobulated kidney
3749 Nephronum Nephron Nephron
3750 Vesicula metanephrica Vesicula renalis Metanephric vesicle Metanephric vesicle Renal vesicle

3751 Tubulus metanephricus S-shaped metanephric tubule S shaped metanephric tubule
sigmoideus
3752 Tubulus metanephricus Metanephric tubule fused Metanephric tubule fused
conglutinatus cum ampulla tubuli with ampulla of collecting tubule of with ampulla of collecting tubule of
metanephrici colligentis metanephros metanephros
3753 Tubulus metanephricus Distal metanephric tubule Distal metanephric tubule Distal convoluted tubule
distalis
3754 Ansa nephroni Nephron loop Nephron loop §Henle§
3755 Tubulus metanephricus Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Proximal metanephric tubule
proximalis
3756 Complexus juxtaglomerularis Juxtaglomerular complex Juxtaglomerular complex
3757 Pars terminalis attenuata Attenuated terminal receiving Attenuated terminal receiving
part part
3758 Corpusculum renale Renal corpuscle Renal corpuscle §Malpighi§
3759 Capsula glomerularis Glomerular capsule Glomerular capsule §Bowman§
3760 Invaginatio a vase Invagination by blood Invagination by blood
sanguineo vessel vessel
3761 Glomerulus Glomerulus Glomerulus
3762 Mesangium Mesangium Mesangium
3763 Podocytus Podocyte Podocyte
3764 Cortex renis Renal cortex Renal cortex
3765 Nephronum Nephron Nephron
3766 Columna renis Renal column Renal column §Bertini§
3767 Medulla renis Renal medulla Renal medulla
3768 Pyramis renis Renal pyramid Renal pyramid
3769 Ansa nephroni Nephron loop Nephron loop §Henle§
3770 Tubulus metanephricus colligens Ductus metanephricus colligens Collecting tubule of metanephros Collecting tubule of metanephros Collecting duct of metanephros; §Bellini§
CD of metanephros
3771 Arcuatio nephronis Nephron arcade Nephron arcade Endnote 250
3772 Ascensus renis Cranial relocation of kidney Cranial relocation of kidney
3773 Rotatio medialis renis Medial rotation of kidney Medial rotation of kidney
3774 ANOMALIAE TRACTUS UPPER URINARY TRACT UPPER URINARY TRACT

URINARII SUPERIORIS ANOMALIES ANOMALIES
3775 Agenesis renis Renal agenesis Renal agenesis
3776 Ectopia renis Ectopic kidney Ectopic kidney
3777 Ren unguliformis Horseshoe kidney Horseshoe kidney
3778 Ren cervicalis Cervical kidney Cervical kidney
3779 Ren thoracicus Thoracic kidney Thoracic kidney
3780 Ren abdominalis prepositus Prefixed abdominal kidney Prefixed abdominal kidney
3781 Ren abdominalis postpositus Postfixed abdominal kidney Postfixed abdominal kidney
3782 Ren pelvicus Pelvic kidney Pelvic kidney
3783 Ren contralateralis Crossed kidney Crossed kidney
3784 Ren lobatus Lobulated kidney Lobulated kidney
3785 Ren malrotatus Malrotated kidney Malrotated kidney
3786 Ren polycysticus Polycystic kidney Polycystic kidney
3787 Cystis renis Renal cyst Renal cyst
3788 Dysplasia multiplex renis Multiple dysplastic kidney Multiple dysplastic kidney

3789 Ren sigmoideus Sigmoid kidney Sigmoid kidney
3790 Ren supernumerarius Supernumerary kidney Supernumerary kidney
3791 Nephroblastoma Nephroblastoma Nephroblastoma
3792 Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis Hydronephrosis
3793 Agenesis ureteri Agenesis of ureter Agenesis of ureter
3794 Ureter duplex Double ureter Double ureter
3795 Ureter bifidus Bifid ureter Bifid ureter
3796 Ureter ectopicus Ectopic ureter Ectopic ureter
3797 Ureter postcavalis Ureter retrocavalis Postcaval ureter Postcaval ureter Retrocaval ureter
3798 Ureter retroiliacus Retroiliac ureter Retroiliac ureter
3799 Stenosis ureteri Stenotic ureter Stenotic ureter
3800 Ureterocoelia Ureterocoele Ureterocele
3801 Vesica urinaria et Urethra Urinary bladder and Urethra Urinary bladder and Urethra
3802 VESICA URINARIA URINARY BLADDER URINARY BLADDER
3803 Pars vesicalis canalis Vesical part of vesico-urethral Vesical part of vesicourethral canal
vesicourethralis canal
3804 Incorporatio partis terminalis Incorporation of terminal part of Incorporation of terminal part of
ductus mesonephrici mesonephric duct mesonephric duct
3805 Ostia separata ureteris et ductus Openings for ureter and Openings for ureter and
mesonephrici mesonephric duct separated mesonephric duct separated
3806 Motio cephalolateralis ostii Cephalolateral movement of Cephalolateral movement of
ureterici ureteric duct opening ureteric duct opening
3807 Motio caudomedialis ostii ductus Caudomedial movement of Caudomedial movement of
mesonephrici mesonephric duct opening mesonephric duct opening
3808 Trigonum vesicae Bladder trigone Bladder trigone §Lieutaud§
3809 Urachus Urachus Urachus
3810 Lig. umbilicale medianum Median umbilical ligament Median umbilical ligament
3812 Tunica mucosa vesicae Bladder mucosa Bladder mucosa Bladder mucous membrane
3813 Urothelium Epithelium transitionale Urothelium Urothelium Transitional epithelium
3814 Urotheliocytus superficialis Superficial urothelial cell Superficial urothelial cell
3815 Area intermedia Intermediate area Intermediate area
3816 Mesenchyma intermedium Intermediate mesenchyme Intermediate mesenchyme Contributes to most of the bladder
wall
3817 Mesoderma laminae lateralis Lateral plate mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm Contributes to the wall of the body
of the bladder
3819 Tunica muscularis Muscular layer Muscular layer Muscular coat
3821 ANOMALIAE VESICAE URINARY BLADDER URINARY BLADDER See below

URINARIAE ANOMALIES ANOMALIES
3822 Urethra primordialis Primordial urethra Primordial urethra

3823 PARS URETHRALIS CANALIS URETHRAL PART OF VESICO- URETHRAL PART OF
VESICOURETHRALIS URETHRAL CANAL VESICOURETHRAL CANAL

3826 Pars proximalis maxima urethrae Major proximal part of female Major proximal part of female
femininae urethra urethra
3827 Tuberculum sinuale fugax Transient sinus tubercle Transient sinus tubercle Endnote 251
§Müller§
3829 Tunica mucosa urethrae Urethral mucosa Urethral mucosa Urethral mucous membrane
3831 Epithelium stratificatum Stratified columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium
columnare
3832 Gemma glandulae urethralis Urethral gland bud Urethral gland bud
3833 Lacuna urethralis Urethral lacuna Urethral lacuna
3834 Glandula urethralis Urethral gland Urethral gland §Littrē§
3835 Textus mesenchymalis Mesenchymal tissue Mesenchymal tissue
3836 Tunica spongiosa Spongy layer Spongy layer
3838 Dimidium proximale urethrae Proximal half of prostatic Proximal half of prostatic ♂
prostaticae urethra urethra
3839 Tuberculum sinuale Sinus tubercle Sinus tubercle §Müller§
3840 Colliculus seminalis Seminal colliculus Seminal colliculus
3841 Glandula collicularis Collicular gland Collicular gland
3842 Utriculus prostaticus Vagina masculina Prostatic utricle Prostatic utricle Endnote 252
3843 Ductus ejaculatorius Ejaculatory duct Ejaculatory duct
3849 Pars pelvina sinus urogenitalis Pelvic part of definitive Pelvic part of definitive See below
definitivi urogenital sinus urogenital sinus
3850 Pars distalis minima urethrae Minor distal part of female Minor distal part of female
femininae urethra urethra
3851 Apertura urethrae femininae Common female urethral opening Common female urethral opening
communis cum vagina with vagina with vagina
3852 Crescentia perinei Growth of perineum Growth of perineum Endnote 253
3853 Apertura urethrae femininae Separate female urethral opening Separate female urethral opening
separata a vagina from vagina from vagina
squamosum noncornificatum squamous epithelium squamous epithelium
3856 Gemma glandulae urethralis Urethral gland bud Urethral gland bud
3857 Glandula urethralis Urethral gland Urethral gland §Müller§
3858 Gemma glandulae paraurethralis Para-urethral gland bud Paraurethral gland bud
3859 Glandula paraurethralis Prostata feminina Para-urethral gland Paraurethral gland Female prostate §Skene; Guērin§
3860 Ductus paraurethralis Para-urethral duct Paraurethral duct §Skene; Schüller§

3863 M. sphincter urethrae externus External urethral sphincter External urethral sphincter Rhabdosphincter
3864 Dimidium distale urethrae Distal half of prostatic urethra Distal half of prostatic urethra ♂
prostaticae
3865 Gemma prostatica Prostate bud Prostate bud Endnote 254
3866 Pars intermedia urethrae Pars membranacea urethrae Intermediate part of urethra Intermediate part of urethra Membranous urethra ♂
3869 Epithelium stratificatum Stratified columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium
columnare
3873 Stratum nonstriatum Smooth muscle layer Smooth muscle layer
3874 M. sphincter urethrae externus External urethral sphincter External urethral sphincter Rhabdosphincter
3875 Pars phallica sinus urogenitalis Phallic part of definitive Phallic part of definitive ♂
definitivi urogenital sinus urogenital sinus
3876 Lamina urethralis Chorda glandis Urethral plate Urethral plate Cord of glans
3877 Sulcus urethralis primarius Primary urethral groove Primary urethral groove
3878 Plica urethralis primaria Primary urethral fold Primary urethral fold
3880 Sulcus urethralis secundarius Secondary urethral groove Secondary urethral groove
3881 Plica urethralis secundaria Secondary urethral fold Secondary urethral fold
3884 Pars spongiosa urethrae Spongy urethra Spongy urethra ♂

3888 Glandula bulbourethralis Bulbo-urethral gland Bulbourethral gland ♂
§Cowper§
3890 Exocrinocytus bulbourethralis Bulbo-urethral exocrine cell Bulbourethral exocrine cell
3891 Endocrinocytus bulbourethralis Bulbo-urethral endocrine cell Bulbourethral endocrine cell
3894 Stroma glandulae bulbourethralis Stroma of bulbo-urethral gland Stroma of bulbourethral gland
3896 Textus muscularis striatus Striated muscle tissue Striated muscle tissue
3897 Ductus glandulae bulbourethralis Duct of bulbo-urethral gland Duct of bulbourethral gland
3898 Epitheliocytus principalis Principal cell Principal cell

3901 Gemma glandulae urethralis Urethral gland bud Urethral gland bud ♂
3902 Lacuna urethralis Urethral lacuna Urethral lacuna
3903 Glandula urethralis Urethral gland Urethral gland
3904 Fossa navicularis urethrae Navicular fossa Navicular fossa
3908 Systemata genitalia Genital systems Genital systems

3909 Gonada Gonad Gonad
3911 Cellula germinalis precursoria Primordial germ cell Primordial germ cell
3912 Chromosoma sexuale Gonosoma Sex chromosome Sex chromosome
3913 Chromatinum sexuale Sex chromatin Sex chromatin §Barr§
3914 Translatio cellularum germinalium Migratio cellularum germinalium Positional change of primordial Positional change of primordial Migration of primordial germ cells Endnote 255
precursorium precursorium germ cells germ cells
3915 Vesicula umbilicalis Saccus vitellinus Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle Yolk sac
3918 Crista gonadalis Gonadal ridge Gonadal ridge Genital ridge
3919 STADIUM NEUTRALE INDIFFERENT STAGE INDIFFERENT STAGE

3921 Crista gonadalis Crista genitalis Gonadal ridge Gonadal ridge
3922 Epithelium coelomicum Coelomic epithelium Celomic epithelium
3923 Cellula germinalis Primordial germ cell Primordial germ cell
precursoria
3924 Chorda epithelii coelomici Coelomic epithelial cord Celomic epithelial cord Endnote 256
3925 Cellula somatica sustinens Somatic support cell Somatic support cell
3926 Mesenchyma gonadale Gonadal mesenchyme Gonadal mesenchyme Endnote 257
3927 Cellula mesonephrica Mesonephric cell Mesonephric cell
3928 Chorda sexualis primordialis Gonadal cord Gonadal cord Primordial sex cord; Primitive sex Endnote 258
gonadalis cord §Pflüger§
3929 OVARIUM OVARY OVARY

3931 Epithelium coelomicum ovarii Coelomic epithelium of ovary Celomic epithelium of ovary
3932 Mesothelium ovaricum Epithelium superficiale ovarii Ovarian mesothelium Ovarian mesothelium Surface epithelium of ovary
3933 Mesotheliocytus cuboideus Microvillous cuboidal epithelial Microvillous cuboidal epithelial
microvillosus cell cell
3934 Medulla ovarii Ovarian medulla Ovarian medulla
3935 Rete ovarii Rete ovarii Rete ovarii
3936 Cellula hili ovarii Ovarian hilus cell Ovarian hilus cell

3937 Chorda sexualis primordialis Gonadal cord Gonadal cord Primordial sex cord; Primitive sex Chorda sexualis primordialis ovarii
gonadalis cord
3938 Chromosoma X Gonosoma femininum X chromosome X chromosome
3939 Absentia regionis determinantis Absence of sex-determining Absence of sex determining Absence of SRY
chromosomatis Y region of Y chromosome region of Y chromosome
3940 Chorda sexualis primordialis ovarii Primordial sex cord of ovary Primordial sex cord of ovary Medullary cord of ovary Endnote 259
3941 Mesovarium Mesovarium Mesovarium
3942 Cortex ovarii Ovarian cortex Ovarian cortex
3943 Ligamentum suspensorium ovarii Suspensory ligament of ovary Suspensory ligament of ovary Caudal ligament of ovary
3944 Ligamentum ovarii proprium; Ligamentum uteroovaricum; Round ligament of ovary Round ligament of ovary Ovarian ligament proper; Utero-
Ligamentum teres ovarii ovarian ligament, Uteroovarian
ligament; Cranial ligament of ovary
3945 Chorda folliculogenica Folliculogenous cord Folliculogenous cord Cortical cord of ovary
3947 Oogonium Oogonium Oogonium
3948 Mitosis oogonii Oogonial mitosis Oogonial mitosis
3949 Syncytium oogenicum Oogenetic syncytium Oogenetic syncytium
3950 Clonum oogenicum Oogenetic clone Oogenetic clone
3951 Pons intercellularis Oogonial intercellular Oogonial intercellular
oogonialis bridge bridge
3952 Apoptosis oogonii Oogonial apoptosis Oogonial apoptosis
3953 Oocytus primarius Primary oocyte Primary oocyte
3955 Oocytus primarius restans Primary oocyte Primary oocyte Arrested in diplotene stage
3956 Epithelium simplex squamosum Simple squamous follicular Simple squamous follicular
folliculi epithelium epithelium
3957 Epitheliocytus follicularis Folliculocytus primordialis Primordial follicular epithelial Primordial follicular epithelial
cell cell
3958 Folliculus ovaricus primordialis Primordial ovarian follicle Primordial ovarian follicle
3959 Apoptosis oocyti Oocytic apoptosis Oocytic apoptosis
3960 Folliculus atreticus ovarii Atretic ovarian follicle Atretic ovarian follicle
3961 Stroma ovarii Stroma of ovary Stroma of ovary

3962 Textus connectivus fusocellularis Fusocellular connective tissue Fusocellular connective tissue
3963 Cellula obscura fusiformis Dark spindle-shaped cell Dark spindle shaped cell
3964 Cellula lucida epithelioidea Light epithelioid cell Light epithelioid cell
3965 Endocrinocytus interstitialis ovarii Interstitial cell of ovary Interstitial cell of ovary
3966 Tunica albuginea Tunica albuginea Tunica albuginea
3967 Canalis inguinalis Inguinal canal Inguinal canal
3968 Processus vaginalis Processus vaginalis Processus vaginalis §Nuck§
3969 Phasis pubertalis Pubertal phase Pubertal phase See Terminologia Histologica
3970 Folliculogenesis Folliculogenesis Folliculogenesis See Terminologia Histologica
3971 Luteogenesis Luteogenesis Luteogenesis See Terminologia Histologica
3972 Oogenesis Oogenesis Oogenesis
3973 TESTIS TESTIS TESTIS

3975 Epithelium coelomicum testis Coelomic epithelium of testis Celomic epithelium of testis
3976 Mesothelium testis Epithelium superficiale testis; Testicular mesothelium Testicular mesothelium Surface epithelium of testis;
Lamina visceralis tunicae vaginalis Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
testis testis
3977 Mesotheliocytus Mesothelial cell Mesothelial cell Mesotheliocyte
3978 Tunica albuginea primaria testis Primary tunica albuginea of testis Primary tunica albuginea of testis
3979 Tunica albuginea testis Tunica albuginea of testis Tunica albuginea of testis
3980 Chorda sexualis primordialis Gonadal cord Gonadal cord Primordial sex cord
gonadalis
3981 Chromosoma Y Gonosoma masculinum Y chromosome Y chromosome
3982 Regio chromosomatis Y Sex determining region of Y Sex determining region of Y SRY
determinans sexum chromosome chromosome
3983 Chorda sexualis primordialis Chorda testicularis Primordial sex cord of testis Primordial sex cord of testis Medullary cord of testis
testis
3984 Ligamentum suspensorium Ligamentum diaphragmaticum Cranial suspensory ligament of Cranial suspensory ligament of Diaphragmatic ligament of
craniale testis mesonephroi testis testis mesonephros
3985 Ligamentum inguinale testis Ligamentum caudale testis; Inguinal ligament of testis Inguinal ligament of testis Caudal ligament of testis;
Gubernaculum Gubernaculum; Scrotal ligament
3986 Mesorchium Mesorchium Mesorchium
3987 Rete testis Rete testis Rete testis
3988 Canalis inguinalis Inguinal canal Inguinal canal
3989 Chorda retis Rete cord Rete cord
3990 Fascia spermatica interna Internal spermatic fascia Internal spermatic fascia
3991 M. cremaster Cremaster muscle Cremaster muscle
3992 Fascia cremasterica Cremasteric fascia Cremasteric fascia
3993 Fascia spermatica externa External spermatic fascia External spermatic fascia
3994 Chorda sexualis primordialis Chorda testicularis Primordial sex cord of testis Primordial sex cord of testis Medullary cord of testis
testis
3995 Prospermatogonium Spermatogonium presumptivum Prospermatogonium Prospermatogonium Presumptive spermatogonium
3996 Mitosis prospermatogonialis Prospermatogonial mitosis Prospermatogonial mitosis
3997 Syncytium spermatogenicum Spermatogenic syncytium Spermatogenic syncytium
3998 Clonum spermatogenicum Spermatogenic clone Spermatogenic clone
3999 Pons intercellularis Prospermatogonial Prospermatogonial
prospermatogonialis intercellular bridge intercellular bridge
4000 Sustentocytus lucidus Light presumptive sustentacular Light presumptive sustentacular
presumptivus cell cell
4001 Inhibitio mitosis et meiosis Inhibition of mitosis and meiosis Inhibition of mitosis and meiosis
4002 Factor antiparamesonephricus Antiparamesonephric hormone Antiparamesonephric hormone AMH; MIS Endnote 260
4003 Chorda seminifera Seminiferous cord Seminiferous cord

4004 Membrana basalis chordae Basement membrane of Basement membrane of
seminiferae seminiferous cord seminiferous cord
4005 Prospermatogonium Spermatogonium presumptivum Prospermatogonium Prospermatogonium Presumptive spermatogonium
4006 Sustentocytus lucidus Light presumptive sustentacular Light presumptive sustentacular

4007 Sustentocytus obscurus Dark presumptive sustentacular Dark presumptive sustentacular
4008 Promotio meiosis Promotion of meiosis Promotion of meiosis
4010 Tubulus seminifer Seminiferous tubule Seminiferous tubule

4011 Tubulus seminifer contortus Convoluted seminiferous tubule Convoluted seminiferous tubule
4013 Sustentocytus Epitheliocytus sustenans Sustentacular cell Sustentacular cell Supporting cell; Nurse cell §Sertoli§
4014 Tubulus rectus Straight tubule Straight tubule
4015 Conjunctio tubuli recti cum rete Incipient connection between Incipient connection between Endnote 261
testis incipiens straight tubule and rete testis straight tubule and rete testis
4016 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Epithelium simplex isoprismaticum Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple isoprismatic epithelium
4017 Cellula myoidea peritubularis Peritubular myoid cell Peritubular myoid cell
4018 Cellula endothelialis vascularis Vascular endothelial cell Vascular endothelial cell
4019 Parenchyma testis Parenchyma of testis Parenchyma of testis Stroma of testis

4020 Textus connectivus intertubularis Intertubular connective tissue Intertubular connective tissue Interstitial connective tissue
4021 Cellula compartimentans Compartment-forming cell Compartment forming cell
4022 Endocrinocytus interstitialis Interstitial endocrine cell Interstitial endocrine cell Interstitial cell §Leydig§
4023 Testosteronum Testosterone Testosterone
4024 Tunica albuginea testis definitiva Definitive tunica albuginea of testis Definitive tunica albuginea of testis
4025 Mediastinum testis Mediastinum of testis Mediastinum of testis
4026 Septulum testis Septum of testis Septum of testis
4027 Lobulus testis Lobule of tes Lobule of testis
4028 Phasis pubertalis Pubertal phase Pubertal phase See Terminologia Histologica
4029 Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis See above
4030 Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Spermatogonium Diploid (2N, 2C)
4031 Spermatogonium typi A Type A spermatogonium Type A spermatogonium
4032 Spermatogonium typi B Type B spermatogonium Type B spermatogonium
4033 Spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis
4034 Spermatozoon Spermium; Gametus masculinus Sperm Sperm Sperm cell; Male gamete Haploid (1N, 1C)
4035 Ductus genitales Genital ducts Genital ducts

4036 DERIVATIVA MESONEPHRI DERIVATIVES OF DERIVATIVES OF
MESONEPHROS MESONEPHROS
4037 Tubulus mesonephricus Mesonephric tubule Mesonephric tubule
4038 Ductus mesonephricus Mesonephric duct Mesonephric duct §Wolff§
4039 Ductulus transversus epoophori Transverse ductule of Transverse ductule of ♀
epoophoron epoophoron
4040 Paroophoron Paroophoron Paroophoron ♀
§Kobelt§
4041 Appendix ovarii Appendix of ovary Appendix of ovary
4042 Tubulus epigenitalis Epigenital tubule Epigenital tubule
4043 Ductulus efferens testis Efferent ductule of testis Efferent ductule of testis ♂

4045 Epitheliocytus cuboideus Cuboidal epithelial cell with Cuboidal epithelial cell with
microvillosus microvilli microvilli
4046 Epitheliocytus columnaris Ciliated columnar epithelial Ciliated columnar epithelial
ciliatus cell cell
4047 Mesenchyma periductale Periductal mesenchyme Periductal mesenchyme
4048 Stratum musculare ductuli Muscular layer of efferent Muscular layer of efferent
efferentis testis ductule of testis ductule of testis
4049 Myocytus levis periductalis Periductal smooth muscle Periductal smooth muscle
cell cell
4050 Ductulus aberrans superior Superior aberrant ductule Superior aberrant ductule ♂
§Haller§
4051 Ductulus aberrans inferior Inferior aberrant ductule Inferior aberrant ductule ♂
§Haller§
4052 Paradidymis Paradidymis Paradidymis ♂
§Giraldès§
4053 Ductulus paradidymidis Paradidymal ductule Paradidymal ductule ♂
4054 DERIVATIVA DUCTUS DERIVATIVES OF DERIVATIVES OF

MESONEPHRICI MESONEPHRIC DUCT MESONEPHRIC DUCT
4055 Appendix vesiculosa Vesicular appendix Vesicular appendix ♀
§Morgagni§
4056 Ductus longitudinalis epoophori Longitudinal duct of epoophoron Longitudinal duct of epoophoron ♀
§Gärtner; Malpighii§
4057 Ductus deferens vestigialis Vestige of ductus deferens Vestige of ductus deferens ♀
4058 Epididymis Epididymis Epididymis ♂
4059 Ductus epididymidis Duct of epididymis Duct of epididymis ♂
4061 Epitheliocytus stereociliatus Stereociliated epithelial cell Stereociliated epithelial cell Principal cell
4063 Macrophagocytus Spermatophagous Spermatophagous
spermatophagus macrophage macrophage
4066 Interstitium Interstitium Interstitium
4067 Tela subserosa Subserosa Subserosa Subserous layer
4068 Tunica serosa Serosa Serosa Serous coat
4069 Appendix epididymidis Appendix of epididymis Appendix of epididymis ♂
4070 Ductus deferens Ductus deferens Ductus deferens Vas deferens ♂
4071 Tunica mucosa ductus deferentis Mucosa of ductus deferens Mucosa of ductus deferens Mucous membrane of ductus
deferens
4072 Plica longitudinalis Longitudinal mucosal fold Longitudinal mucosal fold
4074 Epitheliocytus stereociliatus Stereociliated epithelial cell Stereociliated epithelial cell Principal cell

4078 Stratum longitudinale Internal longitudinal layer Internal longitudinal layer
internum
4079 Stratum circulare Circular layer Circular layer
4080 Stratum longitudinale External longitudinal layer External longitudinal layer
externum
4084 Glandula vesiculosa et structurae Seminal gland and related Seminal gland and related ♂
pertinentes structures structures
4085 Glandula vesiculosa Seminal gland Seminal gland
4086 Tunica mucosa Mucosa Mucosa Mucous membrane
4087 Plica mucosa primaria Primary mucosal fold Primary mucosal fold
4088 Plica mucosa secundaria Secondary mucosal fold Secondary mucosal fold
4089 Plica mucosa tertiaria Tertiary mucosal fold Tertiary mucosal fold
4091 Diverticulum Diverticulum Diverticulum
4092 Exocrinocytus principalis Principal cell Principal cell
4099 Ductus ejaculatorius Ejaculatory duct Ejaculatory duct
4101 Trigonum vesicae Bladder trigone Bladder trigone §Lieutand§
4102 DERIVATIVA CRISTAE GONADAL RIDGE DERIVATIVES GONADAL RIDGE DERIVATIVES

GONADALIS
4103 Sulcus paramesonephricus Paramesonephric groove Paramesonephric groove
4104 Ductus paramesonephricus Paramesonephric duct Paramesonephric duct §Müller§
4105 Pars preinfundibularis Pre-infundibular part Preinfundibular part
4106 Appendix vesiculosa Vesicular appendix Vesicular appendix ♀
§Morgagni§
4107 Appendix testis Appendix of testis Appendix of testis ♂
§Morgagni§
4108 Pars infundibularis Infundibular part Infundibular part
4109 Pars postinfundibularis Postinfundibular part Postinfundibular part
4110 Pars nonconjuncta Unfused part Unfused part
4111 Ostium tubae uterinae Uterine tube ostium Uterine tube ostium
4112 Ampulla tubae uterinae Ampulla of uterine tube Ampulla of uterine tube
4113 Isthmus tubae uterinae Isthmus of uterine tube Isthmus of uterine tube
4114 Pars uterina tubae uterinae Pars intramuralis tubae uterinae Uterine part of uterine tube Uterine part of uterine tube Intramural part of the uterine tube
4115 Pars conjuncta Fused part Fused part
4116 Primordium uterovaginale Uterovaginal primordium Uterovaginal primordium

4117 Canalis uterovaginalis Uterovaginal canal Uterovaginal canal
4118 Tuba uterina Uterine tube Uterine tube ♀

4119 Tunica mucosa tubae uterinae Mucosa of uterine tube Mucosa of uterine tube Mucous membrane of uterine tube
4120 Plica mucosae tubae uterinae Mucosal fold of uterine tube Mucosal fold of uterine tube
4122 Epitheliocytus ciliatus Ciliated epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cell
4123 Exocrinocytus tubarius Tubal secretory cell Tubal secretory cell
4124 Epitheliocytus tubarius Peg cell Peg cell Intercalary cell
angustus
4125 Epitheliocytus tubarius basalis Basal epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell
4128 Stratum circulare Stratum internum Circular layer Circular layer Internal layer
4129 Stratum longitudinale Stratum externum Longitudinal layer Longitudinal layer External layer
4131 Tunica serosa Perimetrium Serosa Serosa Serous coat; Perimetrium
4132 Uterus Uterus Uterus

4133 Corpus uteri Body of uterus Body of uterus ♀
4134 Tunica mucosa corporis uteri Endometrium Endometrium Endometrium
4137 Exocrinocytus uterinus Uterine secretory cell Uterine secretory cell
4138 Glandula uterina Uterine gland Uterine gland
4139 Stroma endometriale Lamina propria mucosae Endometrial stroma Endometrial stroma Lamina propria
4140 Cellula stromalis Stromal cell Stromal cell
4141 Cellula granularis Granular cel Granular cel Uterine natural killer cell; uNK cell §Hamperl§
4142 Myometrium Myometrium Myometrium
4143 Tunica serosa Perimetrium Serosa Serosa Serous coat; Perimetrium
4144 Ligamentum teres uteri Round ligament of uterus Round ligament of uterus
4145 Cervix uteri Cervix of uterus Cervix of uterus ♀
4146 Tunica mucosa endocervicalis Endocervical mucosa Endocervical mucosa
4150 Glandula cervicalis Cervical gland Cervical gland
4151 Tunica mucosa exocervicalis Tunica mucosa portionis vaginalis Exocervical mucosa Exocervical mucosa Mucosa of portio vaginalis
4153 Vagina Vagina Vagina Endnote 252

4154 Pars superior vaginae Upper part of vagina Upper part of vagina ♀
See Cloaca following
4155 Utriculus prostaticus Pars superior vaginae masculinae Prostatic utricle Prostatic utricle Upper part of vagina masculina ♂
See Cloaca following

4156 ANOMALIAE GONADARUM ET ANOMALIES OF GONADS AND ANOMALIES OF GONADS AND
ORGANORUM GENITALIUM INTERNAL GENITALIA INTERNAL GENITALIA
INTERNORUM
4157 Anovaria Absence of ovary Absence of ovary
4158 Ovotestis Ovotestis Ovotestis Endnote 262
4159 Ovarium polycysticum Polycystic ovary Polycystic ovary
4160 Polyovaria Multiple ovaries Multiple ovaries
4161 Ovarium accessorium Acessory ovary Acessory ovary
4162 Ovarium lobulatum Lobulated ovary Lobulated ovary
4163 Ductus paramesonephricus Persistent paramesonephric duct Persistent paramesonephric duct
persistens
4164 Agenesis tubae uterinae Agenesis of uterine tube Agenesis of uterine tube
4165 Tuba uterina rudimentaria Rudimentary uterine tube Rudimentary uterine tube
4166 Atresia tubae uterinae Atresia of uterine tube Atresia of uterine tube
4167 Ostium accessorium tubae Accessory ostium of uterine tube Accessory ostium of uterine tube
uterinae
4168 Tuba uterina accessoria Accessory uterine tube Accessory uterine tube
4169 Agenesis uteri Uterine agenesis Uterine agenesis
4170 Uterus arcuatus Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus
4171 Uterus bicornis Bicornuate uterus Bicornuate uterus
4172 Uterus bicervicalis Bicervical uterus Bicervical uterus
4173 Uterus bicornis bicervicalis Bicornuate bicervical uterus Bicornuate bicervical uterus
4174 Uterus didelphys Uterus didelphys Uterus didelphys
4175 Uterus duplex Double uterus Double uterus
4176 Uterus infantilis Infantile uterus Infantile uterus
4177 Uterus septatus Septate uterus Septate uterus
4178 Uterus subseptatus Subseptate uterus Subseptate uterus
4179 Uterus unicornis Unicornuate uterus Unicornuate uterus
4180 Cervix uteri atretica Cervical atresia Cervical atresia
4181 Agenesis vaginae Vaginal agenesis Vaginal agenesis
4182 Vagina atretica Vaginal atresia Vaginal atresia
4183 Membrana suprahymenealis Suprahymeneal membrane Suprahymeneal membrane
4184 Hymen imperforatus Imperforate hymen Imperforate hymen
4185 Hymen microperforatus Microperforate hymen Microperforate hymen
4186 Hymen cribriformis Cribriform hymen Cribriform hymen
4187 Hymen septatus Septate hymen Septate hymen
4188 Vagina duplex Double vagina Double vagina
4189 Hydrometrocolpos Hydrometrocolpos Hydrometrocolpos
4190 Anorchismus Anorchism Anorchism
4191 Testes annexi Testicular fusion Testicular fusion
4192 Cryptorchismus Cryptorchism Cryptorchism Cryptorchidism
4193 Ectopia testis Ectopic testis Ectopic testis
4194 Testis femoralis Femoral testis Femoral testis
4195 Testis perinealis Perineal testis Perineal testis
4196 Testis pubis Pubic testis Pubic testis
4197 Testis penis Penile testis Penile testis
4198 Testis pubopenilis Pubopenile testis Pubopenile testis

4199 Testis contralateralis Crossed testis Crossed testis
4200 Polyorchismus Polyorchism Polyorchism
4201 Gonadum fasciculiforme Streak gonad Streak gonad §Turner§
4202 Spermatocelia Spermatocoele Spermatocoele
4203 Testis epididymisque noncommissi Failure of union of testis and Failure of union of testis and
epididymis epididymis
4204 Aplasia ductus deferentis Aplasia vasis deferentis Aplasia of ductus deferens Aplasia of ductus deferens Aplasia of vas deferens
4205 Processus vaginalis persistens Hernia inguinalis congenitalis Persistent vaginal process Persistent vaginal process Congenital inguinal hernia
4206 Processus vaginalis peritonei Persistant female vaginal process Persistant female vaginal process §Nuck§
feminini
4207 Hydrocoelia Hydrocoele Hydrocele
4208 Hydrocoelia testis Testicular hydrocoele Testicular hydrocele
4209 Hydrocoelia funiculi spermatici Hydrocoele of spermatic cord Hydrocele of spermatic cord
4210 Hydrocoelia scroti Scrotal hydrocoele Scrotal hydrocele
4211 Intersexus Intersex Intersex
4212 Hermaphroditismus True hermaphroditism True hermaphroditism
4213 Dysgenesis gonadalis mixta Mixed gonadal dysgenesis Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
4214 Ovotestis Gonada hermaphroditica Ovotestis Ovotestis Hermaphroditic gonad
4215 Pseudohermaphroditismus Pseudohermaphroditism Pseudohermaphroditism See below
4216 Cloaca Cloaca Cloaca

4217 DIVERTICULUM ALLANTOICUM Ductus allantoicus ALLANTOIC DIVERTICULUM ALLANTOIC DIVERTICULUM Allantoic duct
4219 Mesenchyma umbilicale Umbilical mesenchyme Umbilical mesenchyme
4220 Septum urorectale Urorectal septum Urorectal septum
4221 METENTERON HINDGUT HINDGUT

4223 Pars metenteralis canalis analis Hindgut part of anal canal Hindgut part of anal canal
4224 Urenteron Pars postcloacalis intestini Postcloacal gut Postcloacal gut Tailgut
4225 DUCTUS MESONEPHRICUS MESONEPHRIC DUCT MESONEPHRIC DUCT §Wolff§

4226 Sinus urogenitalis primordialis Primordial urogenital sinus Primordial urogenital sinus
4227 Canalis vesicourethralis Vesico-urethral canal Vesicourethral canal
4228 Pars vesicalis canalis Vesical part of vesico-urethral Vesical part of vesicourethral
vesicourethralis canal canal
4229 Pars urethralis canalis Urethral part of vesico-urethral Urethral part of vesicourethral
vesicourethralis canal canal
4230 TUBERCULUM SINUALE FUGAX TRANSIENT SINUS TUBERCLE TRANSIENT SINUS TUBERCLE ♀
Endnote 251
§Müller§
4231 Bulbus sinuvaginalis Sinuvaginal bulb Sinuvaginal bulb ♀
4232 Lamina vaginae Vaginal plate Vaginal plate
4234 Vagina Vagina Vagina
4235 Hymen Hymen Hymen

4236 Histogenesis vaginae Histogenesis of vagina Histogenesis of vagina
4237 Epithelium stratificatum Nonkeratinized stratified squamous Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
4239 Epitheliocytus parabasalis Parabasal epithelial cell Parabasal epithelial cell
4240 Epitheliocytus superficialis Superficial epithelial cell Superficial epithelial cell
4241 Tunica spongiosa Spongy layer Spongy layer
4243 Stratum circulare Stratum internum Circular layer Circular layer Internal layer
4244 Stratum longitudinale Stratum externum Longitudinal layer Longitudinal layer External layer
4246 Tuberculum sinuale Sinus tubercle Sinus tubercle ♂

§Müller§
4247 Bulbus sinuutricularis Sinu-utricular bulb Sinuutricular bulb ♂
4249 Glandula collicularis Collicular gland Collicular gland
4250 Utriculus prostaticus Vagina masculina Prostatic utricle Prostatic utricle Vagina masculina
4251 SINUS UROGENITALIS DEFINITIVE UROGENITAL DEFINITIVE UROGENITAL

DEFINITIVUS SINUS SINUS
4252 Pars pelvina sinus urogenitalis Pelvic part of definitive urogenital Pelvic part of definitive urogenital
definitivi sinus sinus
4253 Apertura communis urethrae et Common opening of urethra and Common opening of urethra and ♀
vaginae vagina vagina
4254 Perineum primarium Primary perineum Primary perineum Endnote 263
4255 Crescentia perinei Growth of perineum Growth of perineum
4256 Perineum secundarium Secondary perineum Secondary perineum Endnote 264
4257 Corpus perineale Centrum perinei Perineal body Perineal body
4258 Aperturae disjunctae urethrae et Separate openings of urethra and Separate openings of urethra and ♀
vaginae vagina vagina
4259 Pars prostatica urethrae Prostatic urethra Prostatic urethra ♂
4260 Pars intermedia urethrae Pars membranacea urethrae Intermediate part of urethra Intermediate part of urethra Membranous urethra ♂
4261 Pars phallica sinus urogenitalis Phallic part of definitive urogenital Phallic part of definitive urogenital
4264 ANOMALIAE CLOACAE ANOMALIES OF CLOACA ANOMALIES OF CLOACA

4265 Cloaca persistens Persistent cloaca Persistent cloaca
4266 Exstrophia cloacae Exstrophy of cloaca Exstrophy of cloaca
4267 Fistula rectalis congenita Congenital rectal fistula Congenital rectal fistula
4268 Fistula rectourethralis Recto-urethral fistula Rectourethral fistula
4269 Fistula rectovaginalis Rectovaginal fistula Rectovaginal fistula
4270 Fistula rectovestibularis Rectovestibular fistula Rectovestibular fistula
4271 Fistula rectovesicalis congenita Congenital rectovesical fistula Congenital rectovesical fistula
4272 Fistula vesicalis congenita Congenital vesical fistula Congenital vesical fistula

4273 Fistula vesicouterina Vesico-uterine fistula Vesicouterine fistula
4274 Fistula vesicovaginalis Vesicovaginal fistula Vesicovaginal fistula
4275 Cystis utriculi prostatici Cyst of prostatic utricle Cyst of prostatic utricle
4276 Organa genitalia externa External genitalia External genitalia

4277 STADIUM NEUTRALE INDIFFERENT STAGE INDIFFERENT STAGE
4278 Tuberculum phallicum Tuberculum genitale Phallic tubercle Phallic tubercle Genital tubercle; Genital eminence
4279 Phallus primordialis Primordial phallus Primordial phallus
4280 Lamina urethralis endodermalis Endodermal urethral plate Endodermal urethral plate
4281 Tuberculum labioscrotale Plica labioscrotalis; Tuberculum Labioscrotal swelling Labioscrotal swelling Labioscrotal fold; Genital swelling
genitale
4282 Plica cloacalis Cloacal fold Cloacal fold Endnote 265
4283 Plica urethralis primaria Primary urethral fold Primary urethral fold
4284 Sulcus urethralis primarius Primary urethral groove Primary urethral groove
4286 Sulcus urethralis secundarius Secondary urethral groove Secondary urethral groove
4288 Plica analis Anal fold Anal fold
4289 Fovea analis Anal pit Anal pit
4291 Perineum secundarium Secondary perineum Secondary perineum
4292 STADIUM DISCRIMINATUM DIFFERENTIATING STAGE DIFFERENTIATING STAGE

4293 Tuberculum phallicum Tuberculum genitale Phallic tubercle Phallic tubercle Genital tubercle
4294 Pars phallica sinus urogenitalis Phallic part of definitive urogenital Phallic part of definitive urogenital See also above
4295 Corpus clitoridis Body of clitoris Body of clitoris ♀
4296 Corpus penis Body of penis Body of penis ♂
4297 Pars dorsalis corporis penis Dorsal part of body of penis Dorsal part of body of penis ♂
4298 Sulcus coronarius Coronary groove Coronary groove
4299 Glans clitoridis Glans of clitoris Glans of clitoris ♀
4300 Glans penis Glans of penis Glans of penis ♂
4301 Plica glandopreputialis glandis Preputial fold of glans Preputial fold of glans
4302 Lamella glandopreputialis glandis Preputial lamella of glans Preputial lamella of glans
4303 Preputium Prepuce Prepuce
4304 Lamina urethralis Chorda glandis Urethral plate Urethral plate Cord of glans
4305 Fossa navicularis urethrae Navicular fossa Navicular fossa ♂
4307 Labium minus Labium minus Labium minus ♀
4308 Frenulum labiorum minorium Frenulum labiorum pudendi Frenulum of labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Fourchette ♀
4309 Vestibulum vaginae Vestibule of vagina Vestibule of vagina ♀
4310 Corpus spongiosum clitoridis Bulbus vestibularis Corpus spongiosum of clitoris Corpus spongiosum of clitoris Vestibular bulb Endnote 266
4311 Glandula vestibularis major Greater vestibular gland Greater vestibular gland ♀
§Bartholin§
4312 Exocrinocytus glandulae Secretory cell of greater Secretory cell of greater ♀
vestibularis major vestibular gland vestibular gland

4313 Endocrinocytus glandulae Endocrine cell of greater Endocrine cell of greater ♀
vestibularis majoris vestibular gland vestibular gland Endnote 267
4315 Glandula vestibularis minor Lesser vestibular gland Lesser vestibular gland ♀
4316 Glandula urethralis Urethral gland Urethral gland ♀
4317 Glandula paraurethralis Para-urethral gland Paraurethral gland ♀
4318 Sulcus urethralis primarius Primary urethral groove Primary urethral groove ♂
4319 Plica urethralis primaria Primary urethral fold Primary urethral fold ♂
4321 Sulcus urethralis secundarius Secondary urethral groove Secondary urethral groove ♂
4322 Plica urethralis secundarius Secondary urethral fold Secondary urethral fold ♂
4325 Raphe ventralis penis Sutura urethralis penis Ventral raphe of penis Ventral raphe of penis Urethral seam of penis
4326 Pars spongiosa urethrae Spongy urethra Spongy urethra ♂
4327 Tuberculum labioscrotale Labioscrotal swelling Labioscrotal swelling Labioscrotal fold; Genital swelling
4328 Mons pubis Mons pubis Mons pubis
4329 Labium majus Labium majus Labium majus ♀
4330 Commissura labiorum anterior Anterior commissure Anterior commissure ♀
4331 Commissura labiorum posterior Posterior commissure Posterior commissure ♀
4332 Sulcus phallicus lateralis Lateral phallic groove Lateral phallic groove
4333 Scrotum Scrotum Scrotum ♂
4334 Raphe scroti Raphé of scrotum Raphé of scrotum ♂
4335 Raphe perinealis Perineal raphé Perineal raphé ♂
4336 ANOMALIAE ORGANORUM ANOMALIES OF EXTERNAL ANOMALIES OF EXTERNAL

GENITALIUM EXTERNORUM ET GENITALIA AND LOWER GENITALIA AND LOWER
TRACTUS URINARII INFERIORIS URINARY TRACT URINARY TRACT
4337 Epispadias Epispadias Epispadias
4338 Hypospadias Hypospadias Hypospadias
4339 Hypospadias glandis Hypospadias of glans Hypospadias of glans Glandular hypospadias
4340 Hypospadias corporis penis Penile hypospadias Penile hypospadias
4341 Hypospadias penoscrotalis Penoscrotal hypospadias Penoscrotal hypospadias
4342 Hypospadias perinealis Perineal hypospadias Perineal hypospadias
4343 Penis bifidus Bifid penis Bifid penis
4344 Penis duplex Double penis Double penis
4345 Penis absens Absent penis Absent penis
4346 Hemipenis Hemipenis Hemipenis
4347 Micropenis Micropenis Micropenis
4348 Phimosis Phimosis Phimosis
4349 Hemiscrotum Hemiscrotum Hemiscrotum
4350 Transpositio penis scrotique Transposition of penis and scrotum Transposition of penis and scrotum
4351 Clitoris bifida Bifid clitoris Bifid clitoris
4352 Clitoris duplex Double clitoris Double clitoris
4353 Clitoridismegalia Clitoromegaly Clitoromegaly

4354 Hypertrophia clitoridis Clitoral hypertrophy Clitoral hypertrophy
4355 Fusio labiorum Labial fusion Labial fusion
4356 Scrotalisatio labiorum maiorum Scrotalisation of labia maiora Scrotalisation of labia maiora
4357 Pseudohermaphroditismus Pseudohermaphroditism Pseudohermaphroditism
4358 Pseudohermaphroditismus Female pseudohermaphroditism Female pseudohermaphroditism
femininus
4359 Pseudohermaphroditismus Male pseudohermaphroditism Male pseudohermaphroditism
masculinus
4360 Genitalia ambigua Ambiguous genitalia Ambiguous genitalia
4361 Agenesis vesicae urinariae Agenesis of bladder Agenesis of bladder
4362 Ectopia vesicae urinariae Ectopic urinary bladder Ectopic urinary bladder
4363 Exstrophia vesicae urinariae Exstrophy of bladder Exstrophy of bladder
4364 Vesica urinaria duplex Double bladder Double bladder
4365 Urachus persistens Persistent urachus Persistent urachus
4366 Cystis urachi Urachal cyst Urachal cyst
4367 Sinus urachi Urachal sinus Urachal sinus
4368 Fistula urachi Urachal fistula Urachal fistula
4369 Coeloma et septa Coelom and septa Celom and septa Endnote 268
4370 COELOMA EXTRA-EMBRYONIC COELOM EXTRAEMBRYONIC CELOM
EXTRAEMBRYONICUM
4371 Mesoderma extraembryonicum Extra-embryonic mesoderm Extraembryonic mesoderm Extraembryonic mesoderm
4372 Mesoderma somaticum Extra-embryonic somatic Extraembryonic somatic Extraembryonic somatic
extraembryonicum mesoderm mesoderm mesoderm
4373 Mesoderma splanchnicum Extra-embryonic splanchnic Extraembryonic splanchnic Extraembryonic splanchnic
extraembryonicum mesoderm mesoderm mesoderm
4374 Spatium extracoelomicum Extracoelomic space Extracelomic space
4375 Cavitas chorionica Chorionic cavity Chorionic cavity
4376 Coeloma umbilicale Umbilical coelom Umbilical celom Endnote 269
4377 COELOMA INTRA-EMBRYONIC COELOM INTRAEMBRYONIC CELOM
INTRAEMBRYONICUM
4378 Cavitas coelomica Coelomic cavity Celomic cavity Coelomic space; Celomic space
4381 Cavitatio mesenchymatis Cavitation of mesenchyme Cavitation of mesenchyme
4382 Spatium coelomicum segregum Isolated coelomic space Isolated celomic space
4383 Spatia coelomica coalita Coalesced coelomic spaces Coalesced celomic spaces
4386 Pars transversa cavitatis Transverse part of coelomic Transverse part of celomic cavity
coelomaticae cavity
primordialis
4388 Canalis pericardioperitonealis Primordial pericardioperitoneal Primordial pericardioperitoneal
primordialis canal canal

4391 Pars longitudinalis cavitatis Longitudinal part of coelomic Longitudinal part of celomic
coelomaticae cavity cavity
4392 Zona junctionalis mesenchymatis Junctional zone of mesenchyme Junctional zone of mesenchyme
4393 Communicatio inter coelomata Communication between intra- Communication between
embryonicum et embryonic and extra-embryonic intraembryonic and extraembryonic
extraembryonicum coeloms celoms
4394 CAVITAS PERICARDIACA PERICARDIAL CAVITY PERICARDIAL CAVITY

4395 Cavitas pericardiaca primordialis Primordial pericardial cavity Primordial pericardial cavity
4396 Primordium epicardii Proepicardium Primordium of epicardium Primordium of epicardium Pro-epicardium; Proepicardium Endnote 270
4397 Mesocardium Mesocardium Mesocardium Dorsal mesocardium Endnote 271
4398 Ruptura mesocardii Breakdown of mesocardium Breakdown of mesocardium
4399 Sinus transversus pericardii Transverse pericardial sinus Transverse pericardial sinus
4400 Pars rostralis canalis Rostral part of Rostral part of

pericardioperitonealis pericardioperitoneal canal pericardioperitoneal canal
4401 Invaginatio faciei medialis canalis Invagination of medial aspect of Invagination of medial aspect of
pericardioperitonealis a pulmone pericardioperitoneal canal by pericardioperitoneal canal by
primordiale primordial lung primordial lung
4402 Hiatus pleuropericardiacus Pleuropericardial opening Pleuropericardial opening
4403 Plica pleuropericardiaca septi Pleuropericardial fold of septum Pleuropericardial fold of septum Endnote 272
transversi transversum transversum
4404 Membrana pleuropericardiaca Pleuropericardial membrane Pleuropericardial membrane
4405 Cavitas pleuralis Pleural cavity Pleural cavity
4406 Hiatus pleuroperitonealis Pleuroperitoneal opening Pleuroperitoneal opening
4407 Plica pleuroperitonealis Pleuroperitoneal fold Pleuroperitoneal fold
4408 Membrana pleuroperitonealis Pleuroperitoneal membrane Pleuroperitoneal membrane
4409 Mediastinum primordiale Primordial mediastinum Primordial mediastinum
4410 Pericardium fibrosum Fibrous pericardium Fibrous pericardium
4411 Diaphragma Diaphragm Diaphragm
4412 Pars caudalis canalis Caudal part of Caudal part of

pericardioperitonealis pericardioperitoneal canal pericardioperitoneal canal
4413 Cavitas peritonealis Peritoneal cavity Peritoneal cavity
4414 Cavitas peritonealis propria Greater sac Greater sac Greater peritoneal sac
4415 Spatium subphrenicum Subphrenic space Subphrenic space
4416 Recessus duodenalis superior Superior duodenal recess Superior duodenal recess §Treves §
4417 Recessus duodenalis inferior Inferior duodenal recess Inferior duodenal recess §Treves §
4418 Recessus paraduodenalis Paraduodenal recess Paraduodenal recess
4419 Recessus retroduodenalis Retroduodenal recess Retroduodenal recess
4420 Recessus duodenojejunalis Recessus mesocolicus Duodenojejunal recess Duodenojejunal recess Mesocolic recess
4421 Recessus ileocaecalis inferior Inferior ileocaecal recess Inferior ileocecal recess §Treves §
4422 Recessus mesentericoparietalis Mesentericoparietal recess Mesentericoparietal recess §Waldeyer§
4423 Processus vaginalis Vaginal process Vaginal process
4424 Vestigium processus vaginalis Vestige of processus vaginalis Vestige of processus vaginalis ♀
§Nuck§
4425 Tunica vaginalis testis Tunica vaginalis testis Tunica vaginalis testis
4426 Cavitas peritonealis minor Bursa omentalis Omental bursa Omental bursa Lesser sac Endnote 273

4427 Recessus pneumatoenterici Pneumato-enteric recesses Pneumatoenteric recesses
4428 Recessus pneumatoentericus Right pneumato-enteric recess Right pneumatoenteric recess
dexter
4429 Recessus hepatoentericus Right hepato-enteric recess Right hepatoenteric recess
dexter
4430 Bursa infracardialis Infracardiac bursa Infracardiac bursa
4431 Recessus superior bursae Superior recess of omental Superior recess of omental Superior recess of lesser sac
omentalis bursa bursa
4432 Recessus inferior cavitatis Recessus inferior bursae Inferior recess of omental Inferior recess of omental Inferior recess of lesser sac;
peritonealis minoris omentalis; Bursa omentalis propria bursa bursa Omental bursa proper
4433 Plica pancreaticoduodenalis Pancreaticoduodenal fold Pancreaticoduodenal fold
4434 Recessus splenicus Recessus lienalis Splenic recess Splenic recess
4435 Plica gastropancreatica Gastropancreatic fold Gastropancreatic fold
4436 Vestibulum bursae omentalis Vestibule of omental bursa Vestibule of omental bursa Vestibule of lesser sac
4437 Communicatio inter cavitatem Communicatio inter cavitatem Communication between greater Communication between greater Communication between greater
peritonealem propriam et peritonealem propriam et bursam sac and omental bursa sac and omental bursa sac and lesser sac
recessum inferiorem cavitatis omentalem
peritonealis minoris
4438 Foramen omentale Foramen epiploicum Omental foramen Omental foramen Epiploic foramen §Winslow§
4439 Communicatio inter coelomata Communication between intra- Communication between

embryonicum et embryonic and extra-embryonic intraembryonic and
extraembryonicum coeloms extraembryonic celoms
4440 Coeloma umbilicale Umbilical coelom Umbilical celom
4441 Communicatio inter latera Communication between right Communication between right
dextrum et sinistrum cavitatis and left sides of peritoneal cavity and left sides of peritoneal cavity
peritonealis caudaliter ductui caudal to omphalo-enteric duct caudal to omphaloenteric duct
omphaloenterico
4442 Communicatio inter latera Communication between right Communication between right
dextrum et sinistrum cavitatis and left sides of peritoneal cavity and left sides of peritoneal cavity
peritonealis cranialiter ductui cranial to omphalo-enteric duct cranial to omphaloenteric duct
omphaloenterico
4443 Anulus umbilicalis Umbilical ring Umbilical ring Endnote 274
4444 HERNIAE ABNORMALES ABNORMAL HERNIAS ABNORMAL HERNIAS

4445 Hernia diaphragmatica Diaphragmatic hernia Diaphragmatic hernia
4446 Hernia glutealis Sciatic hernia Sciatic hernia Gluteal hernia
4447 Hernia inguinalis Inguinal hernia Inguinal hernia
4448 Processus vaginalis persistens Patent processus vaginalis Patent processus vaginalis
4449 Hernia fluitans appendicis Sliding hernia of appendix Sliding hernia of appendix
4450 Hernia fluitans coli Sliding hernia of colon Sliding hernia of colon
4451 Hernia intestinalis interna Internal intestinal hernia Internal intestinal hernia
4452 Hernia fluitans hiatus Hernia fluitans oesophagi Sliding hiatus hernia Sliding hiatus hernia Sliding hernia of oesophagus;
Sliding hernia of esophagus
4453 Hernia retrosternalis Retrosternal hernia Retrosternal hernia
4454 Hernia parasternalis Parasternal hernia Parasternal hernia
4455 Hernia obturatoria Obturator hernia Obturator hernia

4456 Hernia peritonealis Peritoneal hernia Peritoneal hernia
4457 Hernia retrocaecalis Retrocaecal hernia Retrocecal hernia
4458 Hernia retrocolica Retrocolic hernia Retrocolic hernia
4459 Hernia umbilicalis Umbilical hernia Umbilical hernia
4460 Hernia in pariete abdominale Hernia in anterior abdominal wall Hernia in anterior abdominal wall §van den Spieghel§
anteriore
4461 Massae mesenchymales Mesenteria primordalia Mesenchymal mesenteric Mesenchymal mesenteric Primordial mesenteries
mesentericae masses masses
4462 Mesenterium dorsale primordiale Primordial dorsal mesentery Primordial dorsal mesentery
4463 Mesocardium Mesocardium Mesocardium Dorsal mesocardium
4464 Mesooesophagum dorsale Dorsal meso-oesophagus Dorsal mesooesophagus
4465 Mesogastrium dorsale Dorsal mesogastrium Dorsal mesogastrium
4466 Omentum majus Greater omentum Greater omentum
4467 Plica cystoduodenalis Cystoduodenal fold Cystoduodenal fold
4468 Plica gastrocolica Gastrocolic fold Gastrocolic fold
4469 Plica gastrophrenica Gastrophrenic fold Gastrophrenic fold
4470 Plica gastrosplenica Plica gastrolienalis Gastrosplenic fold Gastrosplenic fold Gastrolienal fold
4471 Plica pancreaticocolica Pancreaticocolic fold Pancreaticocolic fold
4472 Plica pancreaticosplenica Pancreaticosplenic fold Pancreaticosplenic fold
4473 Plica paraduodenalis Paraduodenal fold Paraduodenal fold
4474 Plica vascularis caecalis Vascular fold of caecum Vascular fold of cecum
4475 Plica phrenicocolica Phrenicocolic fold Phrenicocolic fold
4476 Plica phrenicosplenica Phrenicosplenic fold Phrenicosplenic fold
4477 Plica presplenalis Presplenal fold Presplenal fold
4478 Plica splenorenalis Plica lienorenalis Splenorenal fold Splenorenal fold Lienorenal fold
4479 Mesoduodenum dorsale Dorsal mesoduodenum Dorsal mesoduodenum
4481 Mesojejunum Mesojejunum Mesojejunum
4482 Mesoileum Meso-ileum Mesoileum
4483 Mesoappendix Meso-appendix Mesoappendix
4484 Mesocolon Mesocolon Mesocolon
4485 Mesorectum Mesorectum Mesorectum
4486 Mesenterium ventrale primordiale Primordial ventral mesentery Primordial ventral mesentery
4487 Omentum minus Lesser omentum Lesser omentum
4488 Mesooesophageum ventrale Ventral meso-oesophagus Ventral mesoesophagus
4489 Plica hepatooesophagea Hepato-oesophageal fold Hepatoesophageal fold
4490 Plica hepatophrenica Hepatophrenic fold Hepatophrenic fold
4491 Mesogastrium ventrale Ventral mesogastrium Ventral mesogastrium
4492 Plica hepatogastrica Hepatogastric fold Hepatogastric fold
4493 Mesoduodenum ventrale Ventral mesoduodenum Ventral mesoduodenum
4494 Plica hepatoduodenalis Hepatoduodenal fold Hepatoduodenal fold
4495 Mesocolon ventrale Ventral mesocolon Ventral mesocolon
4496 Plica hepatocolica Hepatocolic fold Hepatocolic fold
4497 Plica umbilicalis mediana Median umbilical fold Median umbilical fold
4498 Plica umbilicalis medialis Medial umbilical fold Medial umbilical fold
4499 Mesenterium urogenitale Urogenital mesentery Urogenital mesentery

4500 Lig. suspensorium ovarii Suspensory ligament of ovary Suspensory ligament of ovary Infundibulopelvic ligament ♀
4501 Mesorchium Mesorchium Mesorchium ♂
4502 Mesenterium ductus Paramesonephric duct mesentery Paramesonephric duct mesentery
paramesonephrici
4503 Plica lata uterina Broad ligament of uterus Broad ligament of uterus
4504 Mesovarium Mesovarium Mesovarium
4505 Mesosalpinx Mesosalpinx Mesosalpinx
4506 Mesometrium Mesometrium Mesometrium
4507 Mesenchyma gubernaculare Gubernacular mesenchyme Gubernacular mesenchyme
4508 Gubernaculum ovarii Gubernaculum of ovary Gubernaculum of ovary
4509 Lig. ovarii proprium Lig. uteroovaricum Ligament of ovary Ligament of ovary
4510 Lig. teres uteri Round ligament of uterus Round ligament of uterus
4511 Gubernaculum testis Gubernaculum of testis Gubernaculum of testis
4512 Lig. scrotale Scrotal ligament Scrotal ligament Endnote 275
4513 Anomaliae mesenterii Mesenteric anomalies Mesenteric anomalies

4514 Cystis enterica dorsalis Abdominal dorsal enteric cyst Abdominal dorsal enteric cyst
abdominalis
4515 Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Endocrine glands

4516 Hypophysis Glandula pituitaria Pituitary gland Pituitary gland
4517 ADENOHYPOPHYSIS ADENOHYPOPHYSIS ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
4518 Ectoderma stomodei Ectoderma stomatodei Stomodeal ectoderm Stomodeal ectoderm
4520 Placoda adenohypophysialis Adenohypophysial placode Adenohypophyseal placode Endnote 276
4521 Saccus adenohypophysialis Adenohypophysial pouch Adenohypophyseal pouch §Rathke §
4522 Truncus sacci Open stem of adenohypophysial Open stem of adenohypophyseal
adenohypophysialis patens pouch pouch
4523 Truncus sacci Closed stem of Closed stem of
adenohypophysialis occlusus adenohypophysial pouch adenohypophyseal pouch
4524 Truncus sacci Elongated stem of Elongated stem of
adenohypophysialis extensus adenohypophysial pouch adenohypophyseal pouch
4525 Truncus sacci Fragmented stem of Fragmented stem of
adenohypophysialis dissolutus adenohypophysial pouch adenohypophyseal pouch
4526 Pars pharyngea hypophysis Pharyngeal hypophysis Pharyngeal hypophysis
4527 Paries abinfundibularis sacci Abinfundibular wall of Abinfundibular wall of
adenohypophysialis adenohypophysial pouch adenohypophyseal pouch
4528 Pars distalis adenohypophysis Pars distalis of adenohypophysis Pars distalis of adenohypophysis Pars anterior of hypophysis
4529 Endocrinocytus corticotropicus Corticotropic cell Corticotropic cell
4530 Endocrinocytus somatotropicus Somatotropic cell Somatotropic cell
4531 Endocrinocytus gonadotropicus Gonadotropic cell Gonadotropic cell
4532 Endocrinocytus thyrotropicus Thyrotropic cell Thyrotropic cell
4533 Endocrinocytus prolactinicus Prolactin cell Prolactin cell
4534 Lumen sacci adenohypophysis Lumen of of adenohypophysial Lumen of of adenohypophyseal
pouch pouch
4535 Lumen residuale hypophysis Residual lumen of hypophysis Residual lumen of hypophysis

4536 Paries infundibularis sacci Infundibular wall of Infundibular wall of
4537 Pars intermedia adenohypophysis Pars intermedia of Pars intermedia of
adenohypophysis adenohypophysis
4538 Endocrinocytus corticotropicus Corticotropic cell Corticotropic cell
4539 Paries dorsolateralis sacci Dorsolateral wall of Dorsolateral wall of
4540 Pars tuberalis hypophysis Pars tuberalis of hypophysis Pars tuberalis of hypophysis
4541 Sulcus infundibularis Infundibular notch Infundibular notch
4542 Canalis craniopharyngealis Canalis basipharyngealis Craniopharyngeal canal Craniopharyngeal canal Basipharyngeal canal
4543 Adenohypophysis pharyngealis Pharyngeal pituitary Pharyngeal pituitary
4544 Anomaliae adenohypophysis Anomalies of adenohypophysis Anomalies of adenohypophysis

4545 Adenohypophysis absens Absence of adenohypophysis Absence of adenohypophysis
4546 Aplasia adenohypophysis Aplasia of adenohypophysis Aplasia of adenohypophysis
4547 Craniopharyngioma Craniopharyngioma Craniopharyngioma
4548 Duplicatio adenohypophysis Duplication of adenohypophysis Duplication of adenohypophysis
4549 Dystopia adenohypophysis Dystopia of adenohypophysis Dystopia of adenohypophysis
4550 Ectopia adenohypophysis Ectopia of adenohypophysis Ectopia of adenohypophysis
4551 Hypoplasia adenohypophysis Hypoplasia of adenohypophysis Hypoplasia of adenohypophysis Hypopituitarism
4552 Cystis sacci adenohypophysis Cyst of adenohypophysial pouch Cyst of adenohypophyseal pouch §Rathke§
4553 Canalis craniopharyngealis Canalis basipharyngealis Persistent craniopharyngeal canal Persistent craniopharyngeal canal Persistent basipharyngeal canal
persistens persistens
4554 Dystopia tuberalis Dystopia infundibularis Dystopia tuberalis Dystopia tuberalis Dystopia infundibularis
4555 Dystopia opercularis Dystopia opercularis Dystopia opercularis
4556 Teratoma adenohypophysis Pituitary teratoma Pituitary teratoma
4557 NEUROHYPOPHYSIS NEUROHYPOPHYSIS NEUROHYPOPHYSIS

4558 Evaginatio neurohypophysialis Neurohypophysial evagination Neurohypophyseal evagination
4559 Recessus infundibularis Infundibular recess Infundibular recess
4560 Primordium neurohypophysis Primordium of neurohypophysis Primordium of neurohypophysis
4561 Gemma neurohypophysis Neurohypophysial bud Neurohypophyseal bud
4562 Eminentia mediana Median eminence Median eminence
4563 Truncus infundibularis Infundibular stem Infundibular stem
4564 Pars nervosa hypophysis Lobus nervosus hypophysis Pars nervosa of hypophysis Pars nervosa of hypophysis Neural lobe of hypophysis
4565 Neurofibra neurosecretoria Neurosecretory nerve fibre Neurosecretory nerve fiber
4566 Pituicytus Pituicyte Pituicyte
4567 Anomaliae neurohypophysis Anomalies of neurohypophysis Anomalies of neurohypophysis

4568 Neurohypophysis absens Absence of neurohypophysis Absence of neurohypophysis
4569 Duplicatio neurohypophysis Duplication of neurohypophysis Duplication of neurohypophysis
4570 Dystopia neurohypophysis Dystopia of neurohypophysis Dystopia of neurohypophysis
4571 Teratoma neurohypophysis Teratoma of neurohypophysis Teratoma of neurohypophysis
4572 Glandula pinealis Epiphysis cerebri; Corpus pineale Pineal gland Pineal gland Pineal body
4573 Primordium glandulae pinealis Primordium of pineal gland Primordium of pineal gland
4574 Diverticulum pineale Pineal diverticulum Pineal diverticulum

4575 Paries diverticuli pinealis Wall of pineal diverticulum Wall of pineal diverticulum
4576 Paries rostralis Rostral wall Rostral wall
4577 Lobus anterior Anterior lobe Anterior lobe
4578 Paries caudalis Caudal wall Caudal wall
4579 Lobus posterior Posterior lobe Posterior lobe
4580 Conjunctio lobi anterioris cum Fusion of anterior and posterior Fusion of anterior and posterior
lobo posteriore lobes lobes
4581 Pinealocytus Pinealocyte Pinealocyte
4582 Astrocytus Astrocyte Astrocyte
4583 N. pinealis Pineal nerve Pineal nerve
4584 Truncus diverticuli pinealis Stalk of pineal gland Stalk of pineal gland Stem of pineal gland
4585 Recessus pinealis Pineal recess Pineal recess
4586 Anomaliae glandulae pinealis Pineal gland anomalies Pineal gland anomalies
4587 Aplasia glandulae pinealis Aplasia of pineal gland Aplasia of pineal gland
4588 Hypoplasia glandulae pinealis Hypoplasia of pineal gland Hypoplasia of pineal gland
4589 Hyperplasia glandulae pinealis Hyperplasia of pineal gland Hyperplasia of pineal gland
4590 Cystis glandulae pinealis Cyst of pineal gland Cyst of pineal gland
4591 Pinealoma Pinealoma Pinealoma
4592 Adenoma pineale Pineal adenoma Pineal adenoma
4593 Teratoma pineale Pineal teratoma Pineal teratoma
4594 Glandula thyroidea Thyroid gland Thyroid gland

4595 Lamina thyroidea Thyroid plate Thyroid plate
4596 Saccus thyroideus Diverticulum thyroideum Thyroid pouch Thyroid pouch Thyroid diverticulum
4597 Foramen caecum Foramen caecum Foramen cecum
4598 Ductus thyroglossus Thyroglossal duct Thyroglossal duct
4599 Primordium thyroideum Thyroid primordium Thyroid primordium
4600 Chorda prefollicularis Prefollicular cord Prefollicular cord
4601 Folliculus thyroideus Thyroid follicle Thyroid follicle Thyroid vesicle
4602 Thyrocytus T T thyrocyte T thyrocyte Follicular cell
4603 Colloidum Colloid Colloid
4604 Pars lateralis primordii thyroidei Lateral thyroid component Lateral thyroid component
4605 Corpus ultimopharyngeum Ultimopharyngeal body Ultimopharyngeal body
4606 Pars neurocristalis primordii Neural crest component of thyroid Neural crest component of thyroid
thyroidei primordium primordium
4608 Anomaliae glandulae thyroideae Thyroid gland anomalies Thyroid gland anomalies
4609 Agenesis glandulae thyroideae Thyroid agenesis Thyroid agenesis
4610 Agenesis glandulae thyroideae Partial thyroid agenesis Partial thyroid agenesis
partialis
4611 Agenesis glandulae thyroideae Complete thyroid agenesis Complete thyroid agenesis
totalis
4612 Hypoplasia glandulae thyroideae Thyroid hypoplasia Thyroid hypoplasia
4613 Cretinismus congenitus Congenital cretinism Congenital cretinism
4614 Struma congenitalis Congenital goitre Congenital goiter

4615 Ectopia glandulae thyroideae Ectopic thyroid Ectopic thyroid
4616 Glandula thyroidea lingualis Lingual thyroid Lingual thyroid
4617 Glandula thyroidea sublingualis Sublingual thyroid Sublingual thyroid
4618 Glandula thyroidea suprahyoidea Suprahyoid thyroid Suprahyoid thyroid
4619 Glandula thyroidea infrahyoidea Infrahyoid thyroid Infrahyoid thyroid
4620 Glandula thyroidea pretrachealis Pretracheal thyroid Pretracheal thyroid
4621 Glandula thyroidea Intratracheal thyroid Intratracheal thyroid
intratrachealis
4622 Glandula thyroidea retrosternalis Retrosternal thyroid Retrosternal thyroid
4623 Hypothyroidia congenita Congenital hypothyroidism Congenital hypothyroidism
4624 Vestigium ductus thyroglossi Thyroglossal duct remnant Thyroglossal duct remnant
4625 Lobus pyramidalis Pyramidal lobe Pyramidal lobe
4626 Fistula thyroglossa Thyroglossal fistula Thyroglossal fistula
4627 Cystis thyroglossa Thyroglossal cyst Thyroglossal cyst
4628 Glandulae thyroideae accessoriae Accessory thyroid glands Accessory thyroid glands
4629 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Cervical accessory thyroid gland Cervical accessory thyroid gland
cervicis
4630 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Thymic accessory thyroid gland Thymic accessory thyroid gland
thymi
4631 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Mediastinal accessory thyroid Mediastinal accessory thyroid
mediastini gland gland
4632 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Cardiac accessory thyroid gland Cardiac accessory thyroid gland
cordis
4633 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Tracheal accessory thyroid gland Tracheal accessory thyroid gland
tracheae
4634 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Oesophageal accessory thyroid Esophageal accessory thyroid
oesophagi gland gland
4635 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Hepatic accessory thyroid gland Hepatic accessory thyroid gland
hepatis
4636 Glandula thyroidea accessoria Ovarian accessory thyroid gland Ovarian accessory thyroid gland
ovarii
4637 Neoplasia multiplex endocrina Typi Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type Multiple endocrine neoplasia Type
II 2 2
4638 Glandula parathyroidea Parathyroid gland Parathyroid gland

4639 Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal
quarti pouch pouch
4641 Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei tertii Dorsal part of third pharyngeal Dorsal part of third pharyngeal For context see Pharynx
pouch pouch
4643 Gemma parathyroidea inferior Gemma parathyroidea sacci tertii Detached bud of inferior Detached bud of inferior Detached pouch 3 parathyroid bud
disjuncta disjuncta parathyroid parathyroid
4644 Gemma parathyroidea superior Gemma parathyroidea sacci quarti Detached bud of superior Detached bud of superior Detached pouch 4 parathyroid bud
disjuncta disjuncta parathyroid parathyroid
4645 Glandula parathyroidea inferior Inferior parathyroid Inferior parathyroid Parathyroid 3
4646 Glandula parathyroidea accessoria Accessory inferior parathyroid Accessory inferior parathyroid
inferior

4647 Glandula parathyroidea superior Superior parathyroid Superior parathyroid Parathyroid 4
4648 Glandula parathyroidea accessoria Accessory superior parathyroid Accessory superior parathyroid
superior
4649 Parathyrocytus endocrinus densus Parathyrocytus principalis Dense principal cell of parathyroid Dense principal cell of parathyroid
4650 Parathyrocytus endocrinus lucidus Pale principal cell of parathyroid Pale principal cell of parathyroid
4651 Parathyrocytus oxyphilicus Oxyphil cell of parathyroid Oxyphil cell of parathyroid
4652 Anomaliae glandulae Parathyroid gland anomalies Parathyroid gland anomalies

parathyroideae
4653 Aplasia thymoparathyroidea Thymoparathyroid aplasia Thymoparathyroid aplasia §DiGeorge §
4654 Glandula parathyroidea absens Absence of parathyroid gland Absence of parathyroid gland
4655 Ectopia glandulae parathyroideae Ectopic parathyroid gland Ectopic parathyroid gland
4656 Glandula parathyroidea Supernumerary parathyroid gland Supernumerary parathyroid gland
supernumeraria
4657 Glandula parathyroidea duplicata Duplication of parathyroid gland Duplication of parathyroid gland
4658 Glandulae parathyroideae Multiple parathyroid glands Multiple parathyroid glands
multiplices
4659 Ectopia glandulae parathyroideae Ectopic parathyroid gland Ectopic parathyroid gland Aberrant parathyroid gland
4660 Glandula parathyroidea in Pharyngeal wall parathyroid Pharyngeal wall parathyroid
pariete pharyngis gland gland
4661 Glandula parathyroidea Submucosal parathyroid gland Submucosal parathyroid gland
submucosa
4662 Glandula suprarenalis Suprarenal gland Suprarenal gland Adrenal gland

4663 CORTEX SUPRARENALIS SUPRARENAL CORTEX SUPRARENAL CORTEX
4664 Mesenchyma intermedium Intermediate mesenchyme Intermediate mesenchyme
4665 Capsula suprarenalis Suprarenal capsule Suprarenal capsule
4666 Primordium corticis glandulae Primordium suprarenale Suprarenocortical primordium Suprarenocortical primordium Adrenocortical primordium;
suprarenalis Primordium of cortex of suprarenal
gland; Foetal primordium
4667 Mesonephros Mesonephros Mesonephros
4668 Chorda suprarenalis Suprarenal cord Suprarenal cord Epithelial cord
4669 Vas sinusoideum suprarenale Suprarenal sinusoid Suprarenal sinusoid
4670 Cortex suprarenalis temporarius Provisional suprarenal cortex Provisional suprarenal cortex X zone Endnote 277
4671 Mesenchyma in cortice Mesenchyme in provisional Mesenchyme in provisional
suprarenale temporaria suprarenal cortex suprarenal cortex
4672 Cortex suprarenalis fetalis Cortex suprarenalis primordialis Fetal suprarenal cortex Fetal suprarenal cortex Primordial suprarenal cortex
4673 Cortex suprarenalis definitivus Definitive suprarenal cortex Definitive suprarenal cortex Permanent suprarenal cortex
4674 MEDULLA SUPRARENALIS SUPRARENAL MEDULLA SUPRARENAL MEDULLA

4675 Textus cristae neuralis Neural crest tissue Neural crest tissue
4676 Primordium medullae glandulae Primordium of medulla of Primordium of medulla of
suprarenalis suprarenal gland suprarenal gland
4677 Medulla suprarenalis fetalis Fetal suprarenal medulla Fetal suprarenal medulla
4678 GLANDULA SUPRARENALIS AD SUPRARENAL GLAND AT FULL SUPRARENAL GLAND AT FULL Endnote 278
PARTUM MATURUM TERM TERM

4679 Corpus glomale aorticum Aortic chromaffin body Aortic chromaffin body
4680 Anomaliae glandulae Suprarenal gland anomalies Suprarenal gland anomalies

suprarenalis
4681 Aplasia glandulae suprarenalis Aplastic suprarenal gland Aplastic suprarenal gland
4682 Atrophia glandulae suprarenalis Suprarenal atrophy Suprarenal atrophy
4683 Hypoplasia glandulae suprarenalis Hypoplastic suprarenal gland Hypoplastic suprarenal gland
4684 Hyperplasia congenita corticis Congenital adrenocortical Congenital adrenocortical Suprarenal hyperplasia
suprarenalis hyperplasia hyperplasia
4685 Ectopia glandulae suprarenalis Ectopic suprarenal gland Ectopic suprarenal gland
4686 Dystopia glandulae suprarenalis Dystopia of suprarenal gand Dystopia of suprarenal gand
4687 Ectopia renalis glandulae Renal suprarenal gland Renal suprarenal gland
suprarenalis
4688 Ectopia hepatica glandulae Hepatic suprarenal gland Hepatic suprarenal gland
suprarenalis
4689 Ectopia testicularis glandulae Testicular suprarenal gland Testicular suprarenal gland
suprarenalis
4690 Glandula suprarenalis Intracranial suprarenal gland Intracranial suprarenal gland
intracranialis
4691 Conjunctio glandularum Fused suprarenal glands Fused suprarenal glands
suprarenalium
4692 Glandula suprarenalis cystica Cystic suprarenal gland Cystic suprarenal gland
4693 Glandulae suprarenales Accessory suprarenal glands Accessory suprarenal glands
accessoriae
4694 Glandula suprarenalis Renal accessory suprarenal Renal accessory suprarenal
accessoria renis gland gland
4695 Glandula suprarenalis Vascular wall accessory Vascular wall accessory
accessoria parietis vascularis suprarenal gland suprarenal gland
4696 Glandula suprarenalis Hepatic accessory suprarenal Hepatic accessory suprarenal
accessoria hepatis gland gland
4697 Glandula suprarenalis Pancreatic accessory suprarenal Pancreatic accessory suprarenal
accessoria pancreatis gland gland
4698 Glandula suprarenalis Splenic accessory suprarenal Splenic accessory suprarenal
accessoria splenis gland gland
4699 Glandula suprarenalis Colonic accessory suprarenal Colonic accessory suprarenal
accessoria coli gland gland
4700 Glandula suprarenalis Seminal duct accessory Seminal duct accessory
accessoria ductus seminiferi suprarenal gland suprarenal gland
4701 Glandula suprarenalis Testicular accessory suprarenal Testicular accessory suprarenal
accessoria testis gland gland
4702 Glandula suprarenalis Epididymal accessory suprarenal Epididymal accessory suprarenal
accessoria epididymidis gland gland
4703 Glandula suprarenalis Paradidymal accessory Paradidymal accessory
accessoria paradidymidis suprarenal gland suprarenal gland
4704 Glandula suprarenalis Ovarian accessory suprarenal Ovarian accessory suprarenal
accessoria ovarii gland gland
4705 Glandula suprarenalis Mesosalpingeal accessory Mesosalpingeal accessory
accessoria mesosalpingis suprarenal gland suprarenal gland

4706 Glandula suprarenalis Accessory suprarenal gland in Accessory suprarenal gland in
accessoria ligamenti suspensorii suspensory ligament of ovary suspensory ligament of ovary
ovarii
4707 Textus suprarenalis heterotopicus Heterotopic suprarenal tissue Heterotopic suprarenal tissue
4708 Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Cardiovascular system

4709 Cor Heart Heart
4710 CARDIOGENESIS INITIALIS EARLY CARDIOGENESIS EARLY CARDIOGENESIS
4711 Mesenchyma cardiogenicum Lamina cardiogenica Cardiogenic mesenchyme Cardiogenic mesenchyme Cardiogenic plate
4712 Cellula progenetrix cordis Progenitor heart cell Progenitor heart cell
4713 Campus cordis primus Luna cordis Primary heart field Primary heart field Cardiac crescent
4714 Campus cordis primus Primary heart field of cardiogenic Primary heart field of cardiogenic
mesenchymatis cardiogenici mesenchyme mesenchyme
4715 Laminae cardiogenicae Primordia endocardiaca Bilateral asymmetric cardiogenic Bilateral asymmetric cardiogenic Endocardiac primordia
nonsymmetricae plates plates
4716 Primordium cordis Heart primordium Heart primordium
4717 Chorda angioblastica Angioblastic cord Angioblastic cord
4718 Cor tubulare Tubular heart Tubular heart Endnote 279
4719 Striomyohistogenesis cardiaca Cardiac striomyohistogenesis Cardiac striomyohistogenesis See Myohistogenesis in General
histogenesis (Part 1, Chapter 4)
4720 Myocardium primarium Primary myocardium Primary myocardium Endnote 280
4721 Gelatinoreticulum Cardioglia Cardiac jelly Cardiac jelly
4722 Endocardium Endocardium Endocardium
4724 Abruptio mesocardii Rupture of mesocardium Rupture of mesocardium
4725 Polaritas cardiaca Cardiac polarity Cardiac polarity
4726 Polaritas craniocaudalis Polaritas superoinferior Craniocaudal polarity Craniocaudal polarity
4727 Polus arteriosus Arterial pole Arterial pole
4728 Polus venosus Venous pole Venous pole
4729 Polaritas dorsoventralis Dorsoventral polarity Dorsoventral polarity
4730 Curvatura interna Inner curvature Inner curvature
4731 Curvatura externa Outer curvature Outer curvature
4732 Polaritas sinistradextra Left-right polarity Leftright polarity
4733 Formatio ansae Loop formation Loop formation

4734 Polus arteriosus Arterial pole Arterial pole
4735 A. arcus primi pharyngei First pharyngeal arch artery First pharyngeal arch artery
4736 Ansa cordis dextra Dextral heart loop Dextral heart loop D-loop; Cardiac loop Endnote 281
4737 Ansa cordis crescentiformis C-loop C-loop
4738 Ansa cordis sigmoidea prima Early S-loop Early S-loop Immature S-loop
4739 Ansa cordis sigmoidea sera Late S-loop Late S-loop Mature S-loop
4741 Polus venosus Venous pole Venous pole
4742 Sinus venosus Sinus venosus Sinus venosus
4743 Cornu sinistrum sinus venosi Left horn of sinus venosus Left horn of sinus venosus
cordis

4744 Cornu dextrum sinus venosi Right horn of sinus venosus Right horn of sinus venosus
cordis
4745 Formatio camerarum Chamber formation Chamber formation

4746 Curvatura externa Outer curvature Outer curvature Endnote 282
4747 Inflatio Ballooning Ballooning
4748 Myocardium cordis camerati Chamber myocardium Chamber myocardium

4749 Ventriculus embryonicus Ventriculus communis; Ventriculus Embryonic ventricle Embryonic ventricle Primitive ventricle
primitivus
4750 Myocardium ventrale Ventral myocardial wall Ventral myocardial wall
4751 Ventriculi embryonici dexter Right and left embryonic Right and left embryonic
sinisterque paralleli ventricles in parallel ventricles in parallel
4752 Trabecula cardiaca Cardiac trabecula Cardiac trabecula
4753 Formatio trabecularum Trabeculation Trabeculation
4754 Myocardium compactum Compact myocardium Compact myocardium
4755 Auriculae dextra et sinistra Right and left auricles Right and left auricles Right and left atrial appendages
4756 Auricula dextra Right auricle Right auricle Right atrial appendage
4757 Auricula sinistra Left auricle Left auricle Left atrial appendage
4758 Formatio trabecularum Trabeculation Trabeculation
4759 Myocardium trabeculatum Trabeculated myocardium Trabeculated myocardium
4760 Pars pectinata atrii Pectinated part of atrium Pectinated part of atrium
4761 Myocardium mediastinale Mediastinal myocardium Mediastinal myocardium

4762 Campus cordis secundus Secondary heart field Secondary heart field
4763 Invectio Recruitment Recruitment
4764 Tractus influxionis Inflow tract Inflow tract
4765 Sinus venosus cordis Body of sinus venosus Body of sinus venosus Central part of sinus venosus;
Sinus venosus
4766 Cornu dextrum sinus venosi Right horn of sinus venosus Right horn of sinus venosus Right sinus horn
cordis
4767 Cornu sinistrum sinus venosi Left horn of sinus venosus Left horn of sinus venosus Left sinus horn
cordis
4768 Ostium sinuatriale Sinu-atrial orifice Sinuatrial orifice
4769 Pars maior atrii dextri Greater part of right atrium Greater part of right atrium
4770 Septum primum Primary interatrial septum Primary interatrial septum
4771 Pars maior atrii sinistri Greater part of left atrium Greater part of left atrium
4772 Canalis atrioventricularis Atrioventricular canal Atrioventricular canal
4773 Tuber endocardiacum Atrioventricular endocardial Atrioventricular endocardial
atrioventriculare cushion cushion
4774 Curvatura interna Inner curvature Inner curvature
4775 Anulus interventricularis myocardii Interventricular ring of myocardium Interventricular ring of myocardium Endnote 283
4776 Foramen interventriculare Primary interventricular foramen Primary interventricular foramen
primarium
4777 Tractus effluxionis Outflow tract Outflow tract
4778 Ductus communis effluxionis Common outflow tract of heart Common outflow tract of heart
cordis

4780 Saccus aorticus Aortic sac Aortic sac
4781 Truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus
4782 Aa. arcuum pharyngeorum Pharyngeal arch arteries Pharyngeal arch arteries
4783 Aa. coronariae Coronary arteries Coronary arteries
4784 A. coronaria dextra Right coronary artery Right coronary artery
4785 A. coronaria sinistra Left coronary artery Left coronary artery
4786 COLLATIONES TEXTUS EXTRACARDIAC TISSUE EXTRACARDIAC TISSUE

EXTRACARDIACI CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS
4787 Primordium epicardii Proepicardium Primordium of epicardium Primordium of epicardium Pro-epicardium; Proepicardium
4788 Cellulae derivatae ex epicardio Epicardium-derived cells Epicardium derived cells EPDC
4789 Epicardium Epicardium Epicardium
4790 Aa. coronariae Coronary arteries Coronary arteries Endnote 284
4793 Invectio Recruitment Recruitment
4794 Spina vestibuli Atrial spine Atrial spine Vestibular spine; Dorsal §His§
mesenchymal protrusion
4795 Fulcimen basale septi atrialis Basal buttress of atrial septum Basal buttress of atrial septum
4797 Dens mesenchymalis in crista Prong of condensed Prong of condensed Endnote 285
tractus effluxionis mesenchyme in outflow-tract ridge mesenchyme in outflow tract ridge
4798 Vortex mesenchymalis dentium Whorl of fused prongs Whorl of fused prongs
tractus effluxionis
4799 FORMATIO ATRIORUM DEVELOPMENT OF ATRIA DEVELOPMENT OF ATRIA

4800 Sinus venosus cordis Sinus venosus Sinus venosus
4801 Corpus sinus venosi cordis Pars centralis sinus venosi cordis Body of sinus venosus Body of sinus venosus Central part of sinus venosus
4802 Pars proximalis sinus coronarii Proximal part of coronary sinus Proximal part of coronary sinus
4803 Cornu sinistrum sinus venosi Left horn of sinus venosus Left horn of sinus venosus Left sinus horn
4804 Pars intermedia sinus coronarii Intermediate part of coronary Intermediate part of coronary
sinus sinus
4805 V. obliqua atrii sinistri Oblique vein of left atrium Oblique vein of left atrium §Marshall§
4806 Cornu dextrum sinus venosi Right horn of sinus venosus Right horn of sinus venosus Right sinus horn
4807 Cornu dextrum sinus Incorporated right sinus horn Incorporated right sinus horn
incorporatum
4808 Auriculae dextra et sinistra Right and left auricles Right and left auricles
4809 Sinus venarum cavarum Systemic venous sinus Systemic venous sinus Smooth-walled part of right atrium;
Smooth walled part of atrium
4810 V. cava superior Superior vena cava Superior vena cava
4811 Myocardium nodale Nodal myocardium Nodal myocardium
4812 Nodus sinuatrialis Sinu-atrial node Sinuatrial node §Keith-Flack§
4813 V. cava inferior Inferior vena cava Inferior vena cava
4814 Valva sinuatrialis Sinu-atrial valve Sinuatrial valve
4815 Valva venosa dextra Right venous valve Right venous valve
4816 Crista terminalis Terminal crest Terminal crest
4817 Valvula venae cavae inferioris Valve of inferior vena cava Valve of inferior vena cava §Eustachius§

4818 Valvula sinus coronarii Valve of coronary sinus Valve of coronary sinus §Thebesius§
4819 Valva venosa sinistra Left venous valve Left venous valve
4820 Septum spurium Septum spurium Septum spurium
4821 Pars mediastinalis atrii Mediastinal part of atrium Mediastinal part of atrium
4822 Myocardium mediastinale Mediastinal myocardium Mediastinal myocardium
4824 Foramen primum Primary interatrial foramen Primary interatrial foramen
4825 Foramen secundum Foramen secundum Foramen secundum
4826 Spina vestibuli Atrial spine Atrial spine Vestibular spine; Dorsal §His§
mesenchymal protrusion
4827 Fulcimen basale septi atrialis Basal buttress of atrial septum Basal buttress of atrial septum
4828 Solum fossae ovalis Floor of oval fossa Floor of oval fossa Floor of fossa ovalis
4829 Tendo valvulae venae cavae Tendon of valve of inferior vena Tendon of valve of inferior vena §Todaro§
inferioris cava cava
4830 Plica pulmonalis Pulmonary fold Pulmonary fold
4831 V. pulmonalis incorporata Incorporated pulmonary vein Incorporated pulmonary vein
4832 Pars levis atrii sinistri Smooth-walled part of left atrium Smooth walled part of left atrium
4833 Plica secunda interatrialis Septum secundum Secondary interatrial fold Secondary interatrial fold Endnote 286
4834 Foramen ovale Oval foramen Oval foramen §Botallo§
4835 Fossa ovalis Oval fossa Oval fossa
4836 Limbus fossae ovalis Border of oval fossa Border of oval fossa Border of fossa ovalis
4837 FORMATIO CANALIS DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF

ATRIOVENTRICULARIS ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL
4838 Vestibulum valvarum Vestibule of atrioventricular valves Vestibule of atrioventricular valves
atrioventricularium
4840 Nodus atrioventricularis Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular node §Aschoff-Tawara§
Node of Tawara
4841 Tubera endocardiaca Atrioventricular cushions Atrioventricular cushions
atrioventricularia
4842 Tuber endocardiacum Inferior atrioventricular cushion Inferior atrioventricular cushion
atrioventriculare inferius
4843 Tuber endocardiacum Right lateral atrioventricular Right lateral atrioventricular
atrioventriculare laterale dexter cushion cushion
4844 Tuber endocardiacum Left lateral atrioventricular Left lateral atrioventricular
atrioventriculare laterale sinister cushion cushion
4845 Tuber endocardiacum Superior atrioventricular cushion Superior atrioventricular cushion
atrioventriculare superior
4846 Septum atrioventriculare Membranous atrioventricular Membranous atrioventricular
membranosum septum septum
4847 FORMATIO VENTRICULORUM DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF

VENTRICLES VENTRICLES
4848 Ventriculus sinister Left ventricle Left ventricle
4849 Pars trabecularis ventriculi sinistri Trabecular portion of left ventricle Trabecular portion of left ventricle

4850 M. papillaris superolateralis M. papillaris anterior ventriculi Superolateral papillary muscle of Superolateral papillary muscle of Anterior papillary muscle of left Endnote 287
ventriculi sinistri sinistri left ventricle left ventricle ventricle
4851 M. papillaris inferoseptalis M. papillaris posterior ventriculi Inferoseptal papillary muscle of Inferoseptal papillary muscle of Posterior papillary muscle of left Endnote 287
4853 Crus sinistrum fasciculi Left bundle branch Left bundle branch Left branch of atrioventricular
atrioventricularis bundle
4854 Tractus influxionis ventriculi sinistri Inflow tract of left ventricle Inflow tract of left ventricle Inlet portion of left ventricle
4855 Tractus effluxionis ventriculi sinistri Outflow tract of left ventricle Outflow tract of left ventricle Outlet portion of left ventricle
4857 Valva aortae Aortic valve Aortic valve Aortic arterial valve
4858 Valvulae semilunares Semilunar cusps Semilunar cusps
4859 Valvula semilunaris dexter Right coronary cusp Right coronary cusp Right cusp
4860 Valvula semilunaris posterior Non-coronary cusp Noncoronary cusp Posterior cusp
4861 Valvula semilunaris sinister Left coronary cusp Left coronary cusp Left cusp
4862 Ventriculus dexter Right ventricle Right ventricle

4863 Pars trabecularis ventriculi dextri Trabecular portion of right ventricle Trabecular portion of right ventricle
4864 M. papillaris anterolateralis M. papillaris anterior Anterolateral papillary muscle Anterolateral papillary muscle Anterior papillary muscle of right
ventriculi dextri ventricle
4865 M. papillaris posterior ventriculi Posterior papillary muscle Posterior papillary muscle
dextri
4867 Crus dextrum fasciculi Right bundle branch Right bundle branch Right branch of atrioventricular
atrioventricularis bundle
4868 Tractus influxionis ventriculi dextri Inflow tract of right ventricle Inflow tract of right ventricle Inlet portion of right ventricle
4870 Trabecula septomarginalis Septomarginal trabecula Septomarginal trabecula Moderator band §Leonardo da Vinci§
§Wolf§
4871 Ostium prepapillare valvae Prepapillary orifice of tricuspid Prepapillary orifice of tricuspid
tricuspidalis valve valve
4872 Ostium postpapillare valvae Postpapillary orifice of tricuspid Postpapillary orifice of tricuspid
tricuspidalis valve valve
4873 Tractus effluxionis ventriculi dextri Conus arteriosus; Infundibulum Outflow tract of right ventricle Outflow tract of right ventricle Outlet portion of right ventricle;
ventriculi dextri Infundibulum of right ventricle
4875 Valva trunci pulmonalis Pulmonary valve Pulmonary valve Pulmonary arterial valve
4876 Valvulae semilunares Semilunar cusps Semilunar cusps
4877 Valvula semilunaris Anterior cusp Anterior cusp
anterior
4878 Valvula semilunaris Posterior cusp Posterior cusp
posterior
4879 Valvula semilunaris Septal cusp Septal cusp
septalis
4880 Septum musculare tractus Muscular outflow-tract septum Muscular outflow tract septum
effluxionis
4881 Crista supraventricularis Supraventricular crest Supraventricular crest
4882 M. papillaris septalis Septal papillary muscle Septal papillary muscle

4883 Infundibulum liberum Free standing infundibulum Free standing infundibulum
4884 Septum interventriculare Interventricular septum Interventricular septum

4885 Sulcus interventricularis Interventricular sulcus Interventricular sulcus Interventricular groove
4886 Anulus interventricularis myocardii Interventricular ring of Interventricular ring of
myocardium myocardium
4887 Foramen interventriculare Primary interventricular foramen Primary interventricular foramen
primarium
4888 Portio periaortica foraminis Peri-aortic portion of primary Periaortic portion of primary
interventricularis primarii ventricular foramen ventricular foramen
4889 Septum conotruncale distale Distal conotruncal septum Distal conotruncal septum
4890 Initium aortae ascendentis et Beginning of ascending aorta Beginning of ascending aorta
trunci pulmonalis and pulmonary trunk and pulmonary trunk
4891 Portio septalis foraminis Septal portion of primary Septal portion of primary
interventricularis primarii ventricular foramen ventricular foramen
4892 Apertura persistens Persistent opening Persistent opening
4893 Vestibulum aortae Aortic vestibule Aortic vestibule
4894 Portio atrioventricularis dextra Right atrioventricular portion of Right atrioventricular portion of
foraminis interventricularis primary ventricular foramen primary ventricular foramen
4895 Foramen interventriculare Secondary interventricular foramen Secondary interventricular foramen
secundarium
4896 Septum interventriculare Occluding interventricular Occluding interventricular
occludens septum septum
4897 Frenum bulboventriculare Bulboventricular flange Bulboventricular flange
4898 Pars muscularis septi Muscular part of interventricular Muscular part of interventricular
interventricularis septum septum
4899 Pars trabecularis septi Trabecular part of interventricular Trabecular part of interventricular
interventricularis septum septum
4900 Portio tractus influxionis septi Inflow tract portion of Inflow tract portion of
interventricularis interventricular septum interventricular septum
4902 Fasciculus atrioventricularis Atrioventricular bundle Atrioventricular bundle §His§
4903 Reticulum conducens Subendocardiac conductive Subendocardiac conductive Subendocardial conductive §Purkinje§
subendocardiacum network network network
4904 Pars membranacea septi Membranous portion of Membranous portion of Endnote 288
interventricularis interventricular septum interventricular septum
4906 Formatio ulterior valvarum Further development of Further development of Endnote 289
atrioventricularium atrioventricular valves atrioventricular valves
4907 Valva atrioventricularis sinistra Valva mitralis; Foliolum Left atrioventricular valve Left atrioventricular valve Bicuspid valve; Mitral valve
bicuspidale
4908 Foliolum anterior valvae Foliolum anterior valvae mitralis Anterior leaflet of left Anterior leaflet of left Anterior leaflet of mitral valve;
atrioventricularis sinistrae atrioventricular valve atrioventricular valve Anterior cusp of mitral valve
4909 Foliolum posterior valvae Foliolum posterior valvae mitralis Posterior leaflet of left Posterior leaflet of left Posterior leaflet of mitral valve;
atrioventricularis sinistrae atrioventricular valve atrioventricular valve Posterior cusp of mitral valve
4910 Valva atrioventricularis dextra Valva tricuspidalis Right atrioventricular valve Right atrioventricular valve Tricuspid valve

4911 Foliolum anterosuperior valvae Foliolim anterior valvae Anterosuperior leaflet of tricuspid Anterosuperior leaflet of tricuspid Anterior cusp of tricuspid valve
tricuspidalis tricuspidalis valve valve
4912 Foliolum posterior valvae Inferior leaflet of tricuspid valve Inferior leaflet of tricuspid valve Posterior cusp of tricuspid valve
tricuspidalis
4913 Foliolum septale valvae Septal leaflet of tricuspid valve Septal leaflet of tricuspid valve Septal cusp of tricuspid valve
tricuspidalis
4914 FORMATIO JUNCTIONUM DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OF

VENTRICULOARTERIOSARUM VENTRICULO-ARTERIAL VENTRICULOARTERIAL
JUNCTIONS JUNCTIONS
4915 Ductus communis effluxionis Common outflow tract Common outflow tract
4916 Flexus ductus communis Bend of common outflow tract Bend of common outflow tract Endnote 290
effluxionis
4917 Pars proximalis Conus arteriosus Proximal portion Proximal portion Conus arteriosus
4918 Pars distalis Truncus arteriosus Distal portion Distal portion Truncus arteriosus
4919 Regressio myocardii Myocardial regression Myocardial regression
4920 Junctio sinutubularis Sinutubular junction Sinutubular junction
4921 Continuatio fibrosa Fibrous continuity Fibrous continuity
4922 Aorta ascendens Ascending aorta Ascending aorta
4923 Truncus pulmonalis Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary trunk
4924 Irruptio cellularum cristae Neural crest cell invasion Neural crest cell invasion
neuralis
4925 Dens mesenchymalis Prong of condensed Prong of condensed From proximal outflow tract ridge
mesenchyme mesenchyme
4926 Conjunctio distoproximalis Distoproximal fusion Distoproximal fusion
4927 Septum distale Distal septum Distal septum Endnote 291
4928 Valva arteriosa semilunaris Arterial semilunar valve Arterial semilunar valve
4929 Septum proximale Proximal septum Proximal septum See Development of ventricles
above
4930 Cellulae derivatae ex epicardio Epicardium-derived cells Epicardium derived cells EPDC
4931 A. coronaria Coronary artery Coronary artery
4932 ANOMALIAE CORDIS CARDIAC ANOMALIES CARDIAC ANOMALIES See also Vascular anomalies
4933 Acardia Acardia Acardia
4934 Diplocardia Diplocardia Diplocardia
4935 Cor bifidum Bifid heart Bifid heart
4936 Ectopia cordis Ectocardia Ectopic heart Ectopic heart
4937 Hemicardia Hemicardia Hemicardia
4939 Isomerismus dexter Right isomerism Right isomerism
4940 Isomerismus sinister Left isomerism Left isomerism
4941 Dextrocardia Dextrocardia Dextrocardia
4942 Laevocardia Laevocardia Levocardia
4943 Mesocardia Mesocardia Mesocardia
4944 Cor biloculare Bilocular heart Bilocular heart
4945 Cor decussans Connexio atrioventricularis Criss-cross heart Crisscross heart Atrioventricular criss-cross
decussans connection; Atrioventricular
crisscross connection

4946 Cor triloculare Trilocular heart Trilocular heart
4947 Cor biatriale triloculare Biatrial heart Biatrial heart
4948 Ventriculus communis Persistent common ventricle Persistent common ventricle
persistens
4949 Cor biventriculare triloculare Biventricular heart Biventricular heart
4950 Atrium commune persistens Persistent common atrium Persistent common atrium
4951 Cor triatriale Triatrial heart Triatrial heart
4952 Defectus septi interatrialis Atrial septal defect Atrial septal defect Interatrial septal defect; ASD
4953 Foramen ovale patens Patent foramen ovale Patent foramen ovale §Botallo§
4954 Septum primum absens Absent septum primum Absent septum primum
4955 Septum secundum absens Absent septum secundum Absent septum secundum
4956 Defectus septi interventricularis Ventricular septal defect Ventricular septal defect Interventricular septal defect; VSD
4957 Foramen interventriculare patens Patent interventricular foramen Patent interventricular foramen
4958 Defectus partis membranaceae Defective membranous part of Defective membranous part of
septi interventricularis interventricular septum interventricular septum
4959 Defectus partis muscularis Defective muscular part of Defective muscular part of
septi interventricularis interventricular septum interventricular septum
4960 Defectus septi atrioventricularis Atrioventricular septal defect Atrioventricular septal defect Defective atrioventricular septum;
Defective membranous
atrioventricular septum
4961 Anomaliae valvarum Valve anomalies Valve anomalies
4962 Atresia valvae aortae Aortic atresia Aortic atresia
4963 Stenosis valvae aortae Aortic stenosis Aortic stenosis
4964 Atresia valvae mitralis Mitral atresia Mitral atresia
4965 Stenosis valvae mitralis Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis
4966 Atresia valvae pulmonalis Pulmonary atresia Pulmonary atresia
4967 Stenosis valvae pulmonalis Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis
4968 Atresia valvae tricuspidalis Tricuspid atresia Tricuspid atresia
4969 Stenosis valvae tricuspidalis Tricuspid stenosis Tricuspid stenosis
4970 Dysplasia valvae tricuspidalis et Dysplasia of tricuspid valve and Dysplasia of tricuspid valve and §Ebstein§
ventriculi dextri right ventricle right ventricle
4971 Dysplasia valvae mitralis et Dysplasia of mitral valve and left Dysplasia of mitral valve and left
ventriculi sinistri ventricle ventricle
4972 Pentalogia cardiaca Cardiac pentalogy Cardiac pentalogy §Fallot§
4973 Tetralogia cardiaca Cardiac tetralogy Cardiac tetralogy Endnote 292
§Fallot§
4974 Trilogia cardiaca Cardiac trilogy Cardiac trilogy §Fallot§
4975 Canalis atrioventricularis Persistent common atrioventricular Persistent common atrioventricular
communis persistens canal canal
4976 Transpositio aorticopulmonalis Aorto-pulmonary transposition Aortopulmonary transposition Transposition of great arteries
4977 Ductus effluxionis communis Persistent common outflow tract Persistent common outflow tract
persistens
4978 Ductus effluxionis duplex ventriculi Double outlet of left ventricle Double outlet of left ventricle
sinistri
4979 Ductus duplex effluxionis ventriculi Double outlet of right ventricle Double outlet of right ventricle
dextri
4980 Hypoplasia ventriculi sinistri Hypoplasia of left ventricle Hypoplasia of left ventricle
4981 Hypoplasia ventriculi dextri Hypoplasia of right ventricle Hypoplasia of right ventricle

4982 Fibrosis endomyocardiaca Congenital endomyocardial fibrosis Congenital endomyocardial fibrosis
congenita
4983 Vasa Vessels Vessels

4984 Mesenchyma vasculare Vascular mesenchyme Vascular mesenchyme
4985 Textus angioblasticus Angioblastic tissue Angioblastic tissue
4986 Insula sanguinea vesiculae Insula sanguinea sacci vitellini Blood island of umbilical vesicle Blood island of umbilical vesicle Blood island of yolk sac §Pander§
umbilicalis
4987 Endothelioblastus Endothelioblast Endothelioblast
4988 Haemocytoblastus Haemocytoblast Hemocytoblast See Haematolymphoid complex
below
4989 VASCULOGENESIS VASCULOGENESIS VASCULOGENESIS
4990 Rete capillare primordiale Primordial capillary network Primordial capillary network
4991 ANGIOGENESIS ANGIOGENESIS ANGIOGENESIS Endnote 293

4992 Angiogenesis ramificans Branching angiogenesis Branching angiogenesis
4993 Angiogenesis gemmascens Sprouting angiogenesis Sprouting angiogenesis
4994 Angiogenesis intussusceptiva Intussusceptive angiogenesis Intussusceptive angiogenesis Splitting angiogenesis
4995 Angiogenesis nonramificans Non-branching angiogenesis Nonbranching angiogenesis
4996 Reformatio vasis sanguinei Blood vessel remodelling Blood vessel remodelling
4997 Circulatio embryonica Embryonic circulation Embryonic circulation
4998 Rete vasculare Vascular network Vascular network
4999 Phasis symmetricus Symmetrical phase Symmetrical phase
5000 Phasis asymmetricus Asymmetrical phase Asymmetrical phase
5001 ARTERIAE ARTERIES ARTERIES

5002 Arteriogenesis Arteriogenesis Arteriogenesis

5005 Septum aorticopulmonale Aorticopulmonary septum Aorticopulmonary septum
5007 Pars proximalis arcus aortae Proximal part of aortic arch Proximal part of aortic arch
5008 A. coronaria Coronary artery Coronary artery
5009 Pars intermedia arcus aortae Intermediate part of arch of aorta Intermediate part of arch of aorta
5010 Truncus pulmonalis Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary trunk
5011 Gemma ventralis a sacco aortae Ventral sprout from aortic sac Ventral sprout from aortic sac
5012 A. pulmonalis primordialis Primordial pulmonary artery Primordial pulmonary artery
5013 Pars proximalis arteriae Proximal part of pulmonary Proximal part of pulmonary
pulmonalis artery artery
5014 Cornu dextrum sacci aortici Right horn of aortic sac Right horn of aortic sac
5015 Truncus brachiocephalicus Brachiocephalic trunk Brachiocephalic trunk
5016 A. carotis communis dextra Right common carotid artery Right common carotid artery
5017 A. carotis externa External carotid artery External carotid artery
5018 Cornu sinistrum sacci aortici Left horn of aortic sac Left horn of aortic sac
5019 A. carotis communis sinistra Left common carotid artery Left common carotid artery

5021 A. carotis interna Internal carotid artery Internal carotid artery
5022 Aa. arcuum pharyngeorum Pharyngeal arch arteries Pharyngeal arch arteries Aortic arch arteries
5023 A. arcus primi pharyngei First pharyngeal arch artery First pharyngeal arch artery
5024 A. maxillaris Maxillary artery Maxillary artery
5025 A. arcus secundi pharyngei Second pharyngeal arch artery Second pharyngeal arch artery
5026 R. stapedius Stapedial branch Stapedial branch
5027 A.hyoidea Hyoid artery Hyoid artery
5028 A. arcus tertii pharyngei Third pharyngeal arch artery Third pharyngeal arch artery
5029 Radix arteriae carotidis internae Root of internal carotid artery Root of internal carotid artery
5030 Reliquum arteriae carotidis Remainder of internal carotid Remainder of internal carotid
internae artery artery
5031 A. cerebri anterior Anterior cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery
5032 A. cerebri media Middle cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery
5033 A. cerebri posterior Posterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery
5034 A. basilaris Basilar artery Basilar artery
5035 Circulus arteriosus cerebri Cerebral arterial circle Cerebral arterial circle
5036 A. lentis Lens artery Lens artery
5037 A. hyaloidea Hyaloid artery Hyaloid artery
5038 Anastomosis caroticobasilaris Caroticobasilar anastomosis Caroticobasilar anastomosis
5039 A. trigemina Trigeminal artery Trigeminal artery
5040 A. otica Otic artery Otic artery
5041 A. hypoglossea Hypoglossal artery Hypoglossal artery
5042 A. quarti arcus pharyngei sinistri Left fourth pharyngeal arch artery Left fourth pharyngeal arch artery
5043 Pars intermedia arcus aortae Intermediate part of arch of aorta Intermediate part of arch of aorta
5044 A. quarti arcus pharyngei dextri Right fourth pharyngeal arch artery Right fourth pharyngeal arch artery
5045 Pars proxima arteriae Proximal part of right subclavian Proximal part of right subclavian
subclaviae dextrae artery artery
5046 A. quinti arcus pharyngei Fifth pharyngeal arch artery Fifth pharyngeal arch artery Endnote 294
5047 Gemma ventralis a sacco aortae Ventral sprout from aortic sac Ventral sprout from aortic sac
5048 Gemma dextra dorsalis a sacco Right dorsal sprout from dorsal Right dorsal sprout from dorsal
aortae aorta aorta
5049 A. sexti arcus pharyngei Arcus pulmonalis Sixth pharyngeal arch artery; Sixth pharyngeal arch artery;
Pulmonary arch Pulmonary arch
5050 Bifurcatio trunci pulmonalis Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
5051 A. pulmonalis Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery
5052 Ductus arteriosus Ductus arteriosus Ductus arteriosus
5053 Lig. arteriosum Ligamentum arteriosum Ligamentum arteriosum §Botallo§
5054 Gemma sinistra dorsalis a sacco Left dorsal sprout from dorsal Left dorsal sprout from dorsal
aortae aorta aorta
5055 Radices arteriarum pharyngearum Roots of pharyngeal arch arteries Roots of pharyngeal arch arteries
5056 Pars arteriae carotidis externae Part of external carotid artery Part of external carotid artery
5057 Pars arteriae carotidis communis Part of left common carotid artery Part of left common carotid artery
sinistrae
5058 Pars arteriae brachiocephalicae Part of brachiocephalic artery Part of brachiocephalic artery
5059 Pars aortae ascendentis Part of ascending aorta Part of ascending aorta
5060 Radices aortae ventralis Ventral aortic roots Ventral aortic roots

5062 A. carotis communis Common carotid artery Common carotid artery
5065 Aortae dorsales Dorsal aortae Dorsal aortae

5066 Aortae dorsales pares Paired dorsal aortae Paired dorsal aortae
5067 Aortae dorsales nonconjunctae Unfused dorsal aortae Unfused dorsal aortae
5068 Aortae dorsales conjunctae Fused dorsal aortae Fused dorsal aortae
5069 Aortae dorsales nonconjunctae Unfused dorsal aortae Unfused dorsal aortae
5070 Radix sinistra aortae dorsalis Pars sinistra par aortae dorsalis Left dorsal aortic root Left dorsal aortic root Left paired part of dorsal aorta
5071 Pars distalis arcus aortae Distal part of arch of aorta Distal part of arch of aorta
5072 Pars proximalis aortae Proximal descending aorta Proximal descending aorta
descendentis
5073 Radix dextra aortae dorsalis Pars dextra par aortae dorsalis Right dorsal aortic root Right dorsal aortic root Right paired part of dorsal aorta
5074 Pars intermedia arteriae Intermediate part of right Intermediate part of right
subclaviae dextrae subclavian artery subclavian artery
5075 Aortae dorsales conjunctae Fused dorsal aortae Fused dorsal aortae
5076 Pars impar aortae dorsalis Unpaired part of dorsal aorta Unpaired part of dorsal aorta
5077 A. segmentalis ventralis Ventral segmental artery Ventral segmental artery
5078 A. omphalomesenterica A. vitellina Omphalomesenteric artery Omphalomesenteric artery Vitelline artery
5079 Truncus coeliacus Coeliac trunk Celiac trunk
5080 A. hepatica Hepatic artery Hepatic artery
5081 A. mesenterica superior Superior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric artery
5082 A. mesenterica inferior Inferior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
5083 Truncus umbilicalis Umbilical trunk Umbilical trunk
5084 A. iliaca communis Common iliac artery Common iliac artery
5085 A. iliaca interna Internal iliac artery Internal iliac artery
5086 A. uterina Uterine artery Uterine artery
5087 A. spiralis uteri Spiral artery of uterus Spiral artery of uterus
5088 A. umbilicalis Umbilical artery Umbilical artery Endnote 295
5089 Radix umbilicalis medialis Medial umbilical root Medial umbilical root
5090 Radix umbilicalis lateralis Lateral umbilical root Lateral umbilical root
5091 A. axialis membri inferioris Rete arteriosum axiale membri Axial artery of lower limb Axial artery of lower limb Axial arterial plexus of lower limb
inferioris
5092 A. nervi ischiadici Artery of sciatic nerve Artery of sciatic nerve
5093 A.sciatica Sciatic artery Sciatic artery
5094 Lig. umbilicale mediale Medial umbilical ligament Medial umbilical ligament
5095 A. vesicalis superioris Superior vesical artery Superior vesical artery
5096 A. segmentalis lateralis Lateral segmental artery Lateral segmental artery
5097 A. phrenica communis Common phrenic artery Common phrenic artery
5098 A. suprarenalis media Middle suprarenal artery Middle suprarenal artery
5099 A. renalis Renal artery Renal artery
5100 A. gonadalis Gonadal artery Gonadal artery
5101 A. testicularis Testicular artery Testicular artery

5102 A. ovarica Ovarian artery Ovarian artery
5103 A. intersegmentalis dorsolateralis Dorsolateral intersegmental Dorsolateral intersegmental
artery artery
5104 R. dorsalis Dorsal branch Dorsal branch
5105 Anastomosis dorsalis Dorsal anastomosis Dorsal anastomosis
5106 A. vertebralis Vertebral artery Vertebral artery
5107 Anastomosis vertebralis Vertebral anastomosis Vertebral anastomosis
5108 A. neuralis longitudinalis Longitudinal neural artery Longitudinal neural artery
5110 Anastomosis ventralis Ventral anastomosis Ventral anastomosis
5111 Truncus thyrocervicalis Thyrocervical trunk Thyrocervical trunk
5112 Truncus costocervicalis Costocervical trunk Costocervical trunk
5113 R. ventrolateralis Ventrolateral branch Ventrolateral branch
5114 Pars distalis arteriae Distal part of right subclavian Distal part of right subclavian
subclaviae dextrae artery artery
5115 A. subclavia sinistra Left subclavian artery Left subclavian artery
5116 A. axialis membri superioris Rete arteriosum axiale membri Axial artery of upper limb Axial artery of upper limb Axial arterial plexus of upper limb
superioris
5117 A. axillaris Axillary artery Axillary artery
5118 A. brachialis Brachial artery Brachial artery
5119 A. interossea anterior Anterior interosseus Anterior interosseus
artery artery
5120 A. mediana Median artery Median artery
5121 A. intercostalis Intercostal artery Intercostal artery
5122 A. lumbalis Lumbar artery Lumbar artery
5123 A. sacralis mediana Median sacral artery Median sacral artery
5124 VENAE VEINS VEINS

5125 Venogenesis Venogenesis Venogenesis
5126 Venae extraembryonicae Extra-embryonic veins Extraembryonic veins

5128 V. omphalomesenterica V. vitellina extraembryonica Extra-embryonic Extraembryonic
extraembryonica omphalomesenteric vein omphalomesenteric vein
5129 V. allantoica Allantoic vein Allantoic vein
5130 V. umbilicalis Umbilical vein Umbilical vein
5131 V. umbilicalis sinistra Left umbilical vein Left umbilical vein
5132 V. umbilicalis dextra Right umbilical vein Right umbilical vein
5133 Venae intraembryonicae Intra-embryonic veins Intraembryonic veins

5135 Lig. teres hepatis Round ligament of liver Round ligament of liver
5136 Plexus venosus visceralis Visceral venous plexus Visceral venous plexus
5137 Venae viscerales Visceral veins Visceral veins

5138 V. pulmonalis communis Common pulmonary vein Common pulmonary vein

5139 V. omphalomesenterica V. vitellina intraembryonica Intra-embryonic Intraembryonic omphalomesenteric
intraembryonica omphalomesenteric vein vein
5140 V. portae hepatis Hepatic portal vein Hepatic portal vein
5141 V. hepatica Hepatic vein Hepatic vein
5142 V. afferens hepatis Afferent hepatic vein Afferent hepatic vein
5143 Ductus venosus Ductus venosus Ductus venosus
5144 Lig. venosum Ligamentum venosum Ligamentum venosum
5145 V. efferens hepatis Efferent hepatic vein Efferent hepatic vein
5146 Pars hepatica venae cavae Hepatic part of inferior vena cava Hepatic part of inferior vena cava
inferioris
5147 Venae somaticae Somatic veins Somatic veins

5148 V. precardinalis Precardinal vein Precardinal vein Anterior cardinal vein
5149 V. capitis primaria Primary head vein Primary head vein
5150 V. jugularis interna Internal jugular vein Internal jugular vein
5151 V. jugularis externa External jugular vein External jugular vein
5152 Sinus venosus durae matris Dural venous sinus Dural venous sinus
5153 V. hyaloidea Hyaloid vein Hyaloid vein
5154 V. intrascleralis Intrascleral vein Intrascleral vein
5155 Truncus brachiocephalicus Right brachiocephalic vein Right brachiocephalic vein
dexter
5156 Anastomosis precardinalis Precardinal anastomosis Precardinal anastomosis
5157 Truncus brachiocephalicus Left brachiocephalic vein Left brachiocephalic vein
sinister
5158 V. subclavia Subclavian vein Subclavian vein
5159 V. cava superior Superior vena cava Superior vena cava
5160 Pars superior venae cavae Superior part of superior vena Superior part of superior vena
superioris cava cava
5161 V. cardinalis communis dextra Right common cardinal vein Right common cardinal vein
5162 Pars inferior venae cavae Inferior part of superior vena Inferior part of superior vena
superioris cava cava
5163 V. intercostalis superior dextra Right superior intercostal vein Right superior intercostal vein
5164 Radix venae azygos Root of azygos vein Root of azygos vein
5165 V. cardinalis communis sinistra Left common cardinal vein Left common cardinal vein
5166 Pars distalis sinus coronarii Distal part of coronary sinus Distal part of coronary sinus
5167 V. obliqua atrii sinistri Oblique vein of left atrium Oblique vein of left atrium §Marshall§;
5168 Lig. venae cavae sinistrae Ligament of left vena cava Ligament of left vena cava
5169 V. postcardinalis Postcardinal vein Postcardinal vein Posterior cardinal vein Endnote 296
5170 V. azygos Azygos vein Azygos vein
5171 V. azygos accessoria Accessory azygos vein Accessory azygos vein
5172 V. hemiazygos Hemi-azygos vein Hemiazygos vein
5173 V. hemiazygos accessoria Accessory hemi-azygos vein Accessory hemiazygos vein
5174 V. gonadalis Gonadal vein Gonadal vein
5175 Anastomosis subcardinalis Subcardinal anastomosis Subcardinal anastomosis
5176 V. renalis sinistra Left renal vein Left renal vein
5177 V. subcardinalis dextra Right subcardinal vein Right subcardinal vein
5178 V. cava inferior Inferior vena cava Inferior vena cava

5179 Pars subcardinalis venae cavae Subcardinal part of inferior vena Subcardinal part of inferior vena
inferioris cava cava
5180 V. intersegmentalis Intersegmental vein Intersegmental vein
5181 V. marginalis membri Marginal limb vein Marginal limb vein
5182 Rete venosum postaxiale Postaxial venous plexus of lower Postaxial venous plexus of lower
membri inferioris limb limb
5183 V. postaxialis membri inferioris Postaxial vein of lower limb Postaxial vein of lower limb
5184 V. saphena parva Small saphenous vein Small saphenous vein
5185 Rete venosum preaxiale membri Pre-axial venous plexus of lower Preaxial venous plexus of lower
inferioris limb limb
5186 V. preaxialis membri inferioris Pre-axial vein of lower limb Preaxial vein of lower limb
5187 V. saphena magna Great saphenous vein Great saphenous vein
5188 Rete venosum axiale membri Axial venous plexus of lower limb Axial venous plexus of lower limb
inferioris
5189 V. axialis membri inferioris Axial vein of lower limb Axial vein of lower limb
5190 V. comitans nervi ischiadici Vena comitans of sciatic nerve Vena comitans of sciatic nerve
5191 Rete venosum postaxiale Postaxial venous plexus of upper Postaxial venous plexus of upper
membri superioris limb limb
5192 V. postaxialis membri superioris Postaxial vein of upper limb Postaxial vein of upper limb
5193 V. basilica Basilic vein Basilic vein
5194 Rete venosum preaxiale membri Pre-axial venous plexus of upper Preaxial venous plexus of upper
superioris limb limb
5195 V. preaxialis membri superioris Pre-axial vein of upper limb Preaxial vein of upper limb
5196 V. cephalica Cephalic vein Cephalic vein
5197 Rete venosum axiale membri Axial venous plexus of upper Axial venous plexus of upper
superioris limb limb
5198 V. axialis membri superioris Axial vein of upper limb Axial vein of upper limb
5199 V. brachialis Brachial vein Brachial vein
5200 V. Interossea anterior Anterior interosseus vein Anterior interosseus vein
5201 VASA LYMPHATICA LYMPH VESSELS LYMPH VESSELS

5202 Lymphangiogenesis Lymphangiogenesis Lymphangiogenesis Endnote 297
5203 Lymphangioblastus Lymphangioblast Lymphangioblast
5204 Reticulum mesenchymale Mesenchymal reticulum Mesenchymal reticulum
5205 Textus reticularis Reticular tissue Reticular tissue
5206 Cellula reticularis Reticular cell Reticular cell
5207 Cellula erythropoietica Erythropoietic cell Erythropoietic cell
5208 Cellula granulopoietica Granulopoietic cell Granulopoietic cell
5209 Cellula lymphopoietica Lymphopoietic cell Lymphopoietic cell
5210 Monocytus Monocyte Monocyte
5211 Macrophagocytus Macrophage Macrophage
5212 Sinus lymphaticus Lymphatic sinus Lymphatic sinus
5213 Sacci lymphatici Lymph sacs Lymph sacs
5214 Saccus lymphaticus jugularis Jugular lymph sac Jugular lymph sac
5215 Saccus lymphaticus axillaris Axillary lymph sac Axillary lymph sac
5216 Saccus lymphaticus Juguloaxillary lymph sac Juguloaxillary lymph sac
juguloaxillaris

5217 Saccus lymphaticus Mesenteric lymph sac Mesenteric lymph sac
mesentericus
5218 Saccus lymphaticus Retroperitoneal lymph sac Retroperitoneal lymph sac
retroperitonealis
5219 Saccus lymphaticus lumbalis Lumbar lymph sac Lumbar lymph sac
5220 Saccus lymphaticus Ilioinguinal lymph sac Ilioinguinal lymph sac
ilioinguinalis
5221 Ductus thoracicus duplex Double thoracic duct Double thoracic duct
symmetricus
5222 Ductus thoracicus simplex Definitive thoracic duct Definitive thoracic duct
definitivus
5223 Cysterna chyli Cysterna chyli Cysterna chyli Chyle cistern
5224 Junctio lymphaticovenosa Lymphatic vein junction Lymphatic vein junction
5225 Vas capillare lymphaticum Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic capillary
5226 Anomaliae vasculorum Vascular anomalies Vascular anomalies

5227 Anomaliae et variationes Major arterial variations and Major arterial variations and
maiores arteriarum anomalies anomalies
5228 A. embryonica persistens Persistent embryonic artery Persistent embryonic artery
5229 A..foetalis persistens Persistent fetal artery Persistent fetal artery
5230 Transpositio arteriae Transposition of artery Transposition of artery
5231 Absentia arteriae Absence of artery Absence of artery
5232 A. aberrans Aberrant artery Aberrant artery
5233 A. accessoria Accessory artery Accessory artery Supernumerary artery
5234 A. dilatata Enlarged artery Enlarged artery
5235 A. deminuta Diminished artery Diminished artery
5236 Origo proximalis arteriae Proximal origin of artery Proximal origin of artery
5237 Origo distalis arteriae Distal origin of artery Distal origin of artery
5238 Origo anomala arteriae Anomalous origin Anomalous origin
5239 Truncus anomalus communis Anomalous common trunk of Anomalous common trunk of Anomalous common stem of origin
originis origin origin
5240 Duplicatio originis arteriae Anomalous duplication of origin Anomalous duplication of origin
5241 Forma anomala ramificationis Anomalous branching pattern Anomalous branching pattern
5242 A. aberrans Aberrant artery Aberrant artery
5243 Duplicatio arteriae Duplication of artery Duplication of artery
5244 Duplicatio partialis arteriae Partial Partial
5245 Duplicatio completa arteriae Complete Complete
5246 Ansa duplicationis Duplication loop Duplication loop
5247 A. septata Septation of artery Septation of artery
5248 Anastomosis interarterialis Accessory interarterial Accessory interarterial
accessoria anastomosis anastomosis
5249 Defecta anastomosis interarterialis Deficient interarterial anastomosis Deficient interarterial anastomosis
5250 Plexus persistens Persistent plexiform arrangement Persistent plexiform arrangement
5251 Anastomosis interarterialis Persistent anastomotic connection Persistent anastomotic connection
persistens
5252 Cursus anomalus arteriae Anomalous course of artery Anomalous course of artery
5253 Situs superficialis arteriae membri Superficial position of limb artery Superficial position of limb artery

5254 Situs subcutaneous arteriae Subcutaneous position of limb Subcutaneous position of limb
membri artery artery
5255 Divisio proximalis arteriae Proximal division of artery Proximal division of artery Early division of artery
5256 Divisio distalis arteriae Distal division of artery Distal division of artery Late division of artery
5257 Distributio expansa arteriae Expanded distribution of artery Expanded distribution of artery
5258 Distributio deminuta arteriae Diminished distribution of artery Diminished distribution of artery
5259 A. thyroidea ima Arteria thyroidea ima Arteria thyroidea ima
5260 A. sciatica Sciatic artery Sciatic artery
5261 A. mediana Median artery Median artery
5262 A. omphalomesenterica Omphalomesenteric artery Omphalomesenteric artery
5263 A. mesenterica media Middle mesenteric artery Middle mesenteric artery
5264 Aneurysma congenitum Congenital aneurysm Congenital aneurysm
5265 A. coronaria unica Single coronary artery Single coronary artery
5266 Aneurysma congenitum arteriae Congenital aneurysm of coronary Congenital aneurysm of coronary
coronariae artery artery
5267 Fistula arteriae coronariae Fistula of coronary artery Fistula of coronary artery
5268 Origo pulmonalis arteriae Pulmonary artery origin of coronary Pulmonary artery origin of coronary
coronariae arteries arteries
5269 Anulus vascularis arcus aortae Double aortic arch Double aortic arch Aortic arch vascular ring
5270 Arcus aortae dexter Right arch of aorta Right arch of aorta
5271 Arcus aortae interruptus Interrupted arch of aorta Interrupted arch of aorta
5272 Arcus aortae duplex Double aortic arch Double aortic arch
5273 Coarctatio aortae Aortic coarctation Aortic coarctation
5274 Absentia arteriae Absent brachiocephalic artery Absent brachiocephalic artery
brachiocephalicae
5275 A. subclavia lusoria Retro-oesophageal right Retroesophageal right subclavian
subclavian artery artery
5276 Ductus arteriosus patens Patent ductus arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus §Botallo§
5277 Stenosis trunci pulmonalis Pulmonary trunk stenosis Pulmonary trunk stenosis
5278 Stenosis arteriae pulmonalis Pulmonary artery stenosis Pulmonary artery stenosis
5279 A. renalis accessoria Accessory renal artery Accessory renal artery
5280 Syndroma arteriae mesentericae Superior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric artery
superioris syndrome syndrome
5281 Anomaliae et variationes Major venous variations and Major venous variations and
maiores venarum anomalies anomalies
5282 Transpositio venae Transposition of vein Transposition of vein
5283 Absentia venae Absence of vein Absence of vein
5284 Rete venosum persistens Persistent plexiform arrangement Persistent plexiform arrangement
5285 Duplicatio venae Duplication of vein Duplication of vein
5286 Duplicatio partialis venae Partial duplication Partial duplication
5287 Duplicatio completa venae Complete duplication Complete duplication
5288 V. supernumeraria Vena accessoria Supernumerary vein Supernumerary vein Accessory vein
5289 Terminatio anomala Anomalous termination Anomalous termination
5290 Terminatio proximalis Proximal termination Proximal termination Late termination
5291 Terminatio distalis Distal termination Distal termination Early termination
5292 Bifurcatio venae Bifurcation of vein Bifurcation of vein

5293 Communicatio anomala inter Anomalous communication Anomalous communication
venas
5294 Vena tributaria anomala Anomalous tributary Anomalous tributary
5295 Anomaliae concationum venarum Anomalous pulmonary venous Anomalous pulmonary venous
pulmonalium connections connections
5296 Vena portae hepatis preduodenalis Preduodenal portal vein Preduodenal portal vein
5297 V. cava inferior preureterica Pre-ureteric inferior vena cava Preureteric inferior vena cava
5298 V. cava inferior sinistra Left inferior vena cava Left inferior vena cava
5299 V. cava superior sinistra persistens Persistent left superior vena cava Persistent left superior vena cava
5300 V. cava superior duplex Double superior vena cava Double superior vena cava
5301 V. cava inferior duplex Double inferior vena cava Double inferior vena cava
5302 Haemangioma Haemangioma Hemangioma
5303 Anomaliae vasorum Anomalies of lymphatic vessels Anomalies of lymphatic vessels

lymphaticorum
5304 Duplicatio ductus thoracici Thoracic duct duplication Thoracic duct duplication
5305 Duplicatio partialis ductus Partial thoracic duct duplication Partial thoracic duct duplication
thoracici
5306 Duplicatio intermedia ductus Intermediate thoracic duct Intermediate thoracic duct
thoracici duplication duplication
5307 Duplicatio ductus thoracici Complete thoracic duct Complete thoracic duct
completa duplication duplication
5308 Triplicatio ductus thoracici Thoracic duct triplication Thoracic duct triplication
5309 Multiplicatio ductus thoracici Thoracic duct multiplication Thoracic duct multiplication
5310 Ductus thoracicus plexiformis Plexiform thoracic duct Plexiform thoracic duct
5311 Bifurcatio terminalis ductus Terminal bifurcation Terminal bifurcation
thoracici
5312 Terminatio multiplex ductus Multiple termination Multiple termination
thoracicus
5313 Situs terminationis anomalus Anomalous location of termination Anomalous location of termination
5314 Ductuc lymphaticus dexter Right lymphatic duct Right lymphatic duct
5315 Terminatio numerosa Multiple termination Multiple termination
5316 Lymphangioma Lymphangioma Lymphangioma
5317 Hygroma cystica Cystic hygroma Cystic hygroma
5318 Formatio haemocytorum Blood cell production Blood cell production Endnote 298
5319 TEXTUS HAEMANGIOGENICUS HAEMANGIOGENIC TISSUE HEMANGIOGENIC TISSUE
5320 Textus haemangiogenicus Extra-embryonic Extraembryonic hemangiogenic
extraembryonicus haemangiogenic tissue tissue
5323 Vesicula umbilicalis Saccus vitellinus Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle Yolk sac Endnote 299
5324 Placenta Placenta Placenta
5325 Textus haemangiogenicus Intraembryonic haemangiogenic Intraembryonic hemangiogenic

intraembryonicus tissue tissue
5326 Splanchnopleura paraaortica Para-aortic splanchnopleure Paraaortic splanchnopleure

5327 Regio Aorticogonadogesonephrica Aortic-gonadal-mesonephric region Aortic gonadal mesonephric region AGM
5328 Acervatio cellularum Haemangiogenic cell cluster Hemangiogenic cell cluster

haemangiogenicarum
umbilicalis
5330 Haemangioblastus Haemangioblast Hemangioblast
5331 Angioblastus Angioblast Angioblast
5334 Vas capillare primordiale Primordial capillary Primordial capillary
5335 Cellula staminalis pluripotentialis Pluripotential stem cell Pluripotential stem cell
5336 Haemocytoblastus Haemocytoblast Hemocytoblast
5337 Sanguis primordialis Primordial blood Primordial blood
5338 Cellula haematopoietica Haematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell
staminalis
5339 Cellula haematopoietica Haematopoietic progenitor Hematopoietic progenitor cell
progenetrix cell
5340 Macroblastus Macroblast Macroblast Endnote 300
5341 Macrocytus Macrocyte Macrocyte
5342 Erythroblastus Erythroblast Erythroblast Endnote 301
5343 Proerythroblastus Proerythroblast Proerythroblast
5344 Erythroblastus Basophilic erythroblast Basophilic erythroblast
basophilicus
5345 Erythroblastus Polychromatophilic Polychromatophilic
polychromatophilicus erythroblast erythroblast
5346 Erythroblastus Orthochromatic Orthochromatic
orthochromaticus erythroblast erythroblast
5347 Reticulocytus Reticulocyte Reticulocyte
5348 Erythrocytus Erythrocyte Erythrocyte
5349 Haemoglobinum Embryonic haemoglobin Embryonic hemoglobin Endnote 302
embryonicum
5350 Haemoglobinum foetale Fetal haemoglobin Fetal hemoglobin HbF
5351 Haemoglobinum adultum Adult haemoglobin Adult hemoglobin HbA
5352 Acervatio cellularum Angiogenic cell cluster Angiogenic cell cluster

angiogenicarum
5353 Angioblastus Angioblast Angioblast
5356 Vas capillare primordiale Primordial capillary Primordial capillary
5357 Haemangiogenesis Haemangiogenesis Hemangiogenesis Endnote 303

5358 Haemangioblastus Haemangioblast Hemangioblast
5359 Angiogenesis Angiogenesis Angiogenesis
5360 Textus haematopoieticus Haematopoietic tissue Hematopoietic tissue

5361 Textus haematopoieticus in hepate Haematopoietic tissue in liver Hematopoietic tissue in liver
5362 Textus haematopoieticus in pulpa Haematopoietic tissue in red pulp Hematopoietic tissue in red pulp of Endnote 304
rubra splenis of spleen spleen
5363 Textus haematopoieticus in Haematopoietic tissue in bone Hematopoietic tissue in bone
medulla ossium marrow marrow
5364 Textus lymphoideus Lymphoid tissue Lymphoid tissue

5365 Primordium thymi Primordium of thymus Primordium of thymus
5366 Pulpa alba in primordio splenis White pulp in splenic primordium White pulp in splenic primordium
5367 Primordium nodi lymphoidei Lymph node primordium Lymph node primordium
5368 Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Lymphoid system

5369 Textus lymphoidei primarii Primary lymphoid tissues Primary lymphoid tissues
5370 MEDULLA OSSIUM RUBRA RED BONE MARROW RED BONE MARROW Hematopoietic bone marrow
5371 Cellula stromalis medullae osseae Bone marrow stromal cell Bone marrow stromal cell
5372 Cellula haematopoietica staminalis Haematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell
5373 Cellula haematopoietica Haematopoietic progenitor cell Hematopoietic progenitor cell
progenetrix
5374 Cellula thymocytopoietica Thymocytopoietic progenitor cell Thymocytopoietic progenitor cell
progenetrix
5375 THYMUS THYMUS THYMUS Endnote 305

5378 Saccus pharyngeus quartus Fourth pharyngeal pouch Fourth pharyngeal pouch Endnote 306
5379 Epithelium ectodermale Ectodermal epithelium Ectodermal epithelium Endnote 307
5380 Ectomesenchyma Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Ectomesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Neural crest mesenchyme Endnote 308
5382 Gemma thymica pharyngealis Pharyngeal thymic bud Pharyngeal thymic bud
5383 Gemma thymica mediastinalis Mediastinal thymic bud Mediastinal thymic bud
5384 Capsula Capsule Capsule
5385 Septum corticale Cortical septum Cortical septum
5386 Lobus thymicus Thymic lobe Thymic lobe
5387 Lobulus thymicus Thymic lobule Thymic lobule
5388 Cortex thymi Cortex of thymus Cortex of thymus

5389 Cortex subcapsularis thymi Subcapsular cortex Subcapsular cortex
5390 Cortex juxtamedullaris thymi Juxtamedullary cortex Juxtamedullary cortex
5391 Junctio corticomedullaris thymi Corticomedullary junction Corticomedullary junction
5392 Medulla thymi Medulla of thymus Medulla of thymus

5393 Medulla externa thymi Outer medulla Outer medulla
5394 Medulla interna thymi Inner medulla Inner medulla
5395 Cytoreticulum thymi Cytoreticulum Cytoreticulum
5396 Cytoreticulum corticale thymicum Cortical cytoreticulum of thymus Cortical cytoreticulum of thymus
5397 Epitheliocytus reticulares Types I-III epithelial reticular Types I-III epithelial reticular
typorum I-III cells cells

5398 Cytoreticulum medullare Medullary cytoreticulum of Medullary cytoreticulum of
thymicum thymus thymus
5399 Epitheliocyti reticulares Types IV-VI epithelial reticular Types IV-VI epithelial reticular
typorum IV-VI cells cells
5400 Cellula dendritica thymi Dendritic reticular cell of Dendritic reticular cell of Endnote 309
thymus thymus
5401 Corpusculum thymicum Thymic corpuscle Thymic corpuscle §Hassall§
5402 Progenies cellularum T T cell lineage T cell lineage Endnote 310

5403 Cellula haematopoietica staminalis Haematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell Tmarker negative cell
5404 Cellula thymocytopoietica Thymocytopoietic progenitor cell Thymocytopoietic progenitor cell Triple negative cell;
progenetrix Tdt+CD34+CD1-/+CD3-CD4-CD8-cell
5405 Prothymocytus Prothymocyte Prothymocyte Double negative cell; CD4-CD8-cell Endnote 311
5406 Thymocytus corticalis Cortical thymocyte Cortical thymocyte Double positive cell; CD4+CD8+cell
5407 Thymocytus medullaris Medullary thymocyte Medullary thymocyte Single positive cell; CD4+ or CD8+
cell
5408 Cellula T maturus Thymocytus; Lymphocytus T Mature T cell Mature T cell T Lymphocyte; Thymocyte
5409 Cellulae T regulatrices Regulator T cells Regulator T cells CD4+ T cells
5410 Cellula T adjuvans T helper cell T helper cell Endnote 312
5411 Cellulae efficientes T Effector T cells Effector T cells
5412 Cellula T cytotoxica T cytotoxic cell T cytotoxic cell Tc cell; CD8+ cell
5413 Insignia alia Other aspects Other aspects

5414 Cellula necatoria anticorporibus Antibody-independent natural killer Antibody independent natural killer NK cell Endnote 313
nonsubjecta cell cell
5415 Cellula myoidea thymi Thymic myoid cell Thymic myoid cell Endnote 314
5417 Mastocytus Mast cell Mast cell Mastocyte
5418 Cellula apoptotica Apoptotic cell Apoptotic cell
5419 Involutio thymi Involution of thymus Involution of thymus
5420 Claustrum haematothymicum Blood-thymus barrier Bloodt hymus barrier
5421 Anomaliae thymi Anomalies of thymus Anomalies of thymus

5422 Aplasia thymi Aplasia of thymus Aplasia of thymus
5423 Aplasia thymoparathyroidea Thymoparathyroid aplasia Thymoparathyroid aplasia §DiGeorge§
5424 Ectopia thymi Ectopic thymus Ectopic thymus
5425 Hypoplasia thymi Hypoplasia of thymus Hypoplasia of thymus §Shprintzen§
5426 Textus thymicus accessorius Accessory thymic tissue Accessory thymic tissue
5427 Textus lymphoidei secundarii Secondary lymphoid tissues Secondary lymphoid tissues Endnote 315
5428 Textus lymphoideus diffusus Diffuse lymphoid tissue Diffuse lymphoid tissue
5429 Textus lymphoideus circumscriptus Circumscribed lymphoid tissue Circumscribed lymphoid tissue
5430 NODULUS LYMPHOIDEUS LYMPHOID NODULE LYMPHOID NODULE Endnote 316
5431 Nodulus lymphoideus fugax Transient lymphoid nodule Transient lymphoid nodule
5432 Nodulus lymphoideus permanens Persistent lymphoid nodule Persistent lymphoid nodule
5433 Nodulus lymphoideus solitarius Solitary lymphoid nodule Solitary lymphoid nodule
5434 Nodulus lymphoideus multiplex Multiple lymphoid nodule Multiple lymphoid nodule

5435 Nodulus lymphoideus confluens Confluent lymphoid nodule Confluent lymphoid nodule
5436 Nodulus lymphoideus liber Free lymphoid nodule Free lymphoid nodule
5437 Nodulus lymphoideus consociatus Associated lymphoid nodule Associated lymphoid nodule
5438 Nodulus lymphoideus incorporatus Integrated lymphoid nodule Integrated lymphoid nodule
5439 Cellula dendritica nodularis Nodular dendritic cell Nodular dendritic cell §Langerhans§
5440 Lymphocytus B B lymphocyte B lymphocyte
5441 Plasmocytus Plasma cell Plasma cell Plasmocyte; Plasmacyte
5442 Nodulus lymphoideus primarius Primary lymphoid nodule Primary lymphoid nodule
5443 Nodulus lymphoideus Nodulus lymphoideus strenuus Secondary lymphoid nodule Secondary lymphoid nodule Active lymphoid nodule
secundarius
5444 Centrum germinativum Germinal centre Germinal center
5445 Zona pallii Mantle zone Mantle zone
5446 Zona densa Dark zone Dark zone
5447 Zona lucida basalis Basal light zone Basal light zone
5448 Zona lucida apicalis Apical light zone Apical light zone
5449 Centroblastus Lymphocytus B dividens Centroblast Centroblast Dividing B lymphocyte
5450 Centrocytus Centrocyte Centrocyte
5451 TEXTUS LYMPHOIDEUS MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MUCOSA ASSOCIATED MALT Endnote 317

ADJUNCTUS MUCOSAE LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOID TISSUE
5452 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus Bronchus-associated lymphoid Bronchus associated lymphoid BALT
broncho tissue tissue
5453 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Gut associated lymphoid tissue GALT
intestino
5454 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus Ureter-associated lymphoid tissue Ureter associated lymphoid tissue UALT
ureteri
5455 TEXTUS LYMPHOIDEUS SURFACE-ASSOCIATED SURFACE ASSOCIATED

ADJUNCTUS SUPERFICEI LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOID TISSUE
5456 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid Conjunctiva associated lymphoid CALT
tunicae conjunctivae tissue tissue
5457 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus cuti Skin-associated lymphoid tissue Skin associated lymphoid tissue SALT
5458 NODUS LYMPHOIDEUS Nodus lymphaticus; Lymphonodus LYMPH NODE LYMPH NODE
5464 Capsula nodi lymphatici Capsule of lymph node Capsule of lymph node
5465 Vas lymphaticum afferens Afferent lymphatic vessel Afferent lymphatic vessel
5466 Valva lymphatica Lymphatic valve Lymphatic valve
5467 Spatium subcapsulare Subcapsular space Subcapsular space Subcapsular lymphatic sinus
5468 Cortex Cortex Cortex

5469 Sinus lymphaticus corticalis Cortical lymphatic sinus Cortical lymphatic sinus
5470 Paracortex Paracortex Paracortex Endnote 318

5471 Zona thymodependens Thymus-dependent zone Thymus dependent zone
5473 Venula altoendothelialis Venula cum endothelio alto High endothelial venule High endothelial venule
5474 Medulla Medulla Medulla

5475 Chorda medullaris Medullary cord Medullary cord
5476 Sinus lymphaticus medullaris Medullary lymphatic sinus Medullary lymphatic sinus
5478 Hilum Hilum Hilum
5479 Vas lymphaticum efferens Efferent lymphatic vessel Efferent lymphatic vessel
5480 Valva lymphatica Lymphatic valve Lymphatic valve
5481 Nodulus lymphoideus Lymphoid nodule Lymphoid nodule
5482 SPLEN Lien SPLEEN SPLEEN

5485 Mesogastrium dorsale Dorsal mesogastrium Dorsal mesogastrium
5486 Lig. splenorenale Lig. lienorenale Splenorenal ligament Splenorenal ligament Lienorenal ligament
5487 Lig. gastrosplenicum Lig. gastrolienale Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament
5488 Capsula Tunica fibrosa Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
5489 Hilum Hilum Hilum
5490 Vas lymphaticum efferens Efferent lymphatic vessel Efferent lymphatic vessel
5492 A. trabecularis Trabecular artery Trabecular artery
5493 Pulpa splenica Splenic pulp Splenic pulp

5494 Pulpa alba White pulp White pulp
5495 Cellula dendritica Dendritic cell Dendritic cell
5496 Lymphocytus B B lymphocyte B lymphocyte
5497 Plasmocytus Plasma cell Plasma cell Plasmocyte; Plasmacyte
5498 Zona marginalis Marginal zone Marginal zone
5499 Arteriola vaginata pulpae albae Sheathed arteriole Sheathed arteriole Endnote 319
5500 Vagina lymphoidea periarteriolis Peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath PALS
5502 Nodulus lymphoideus Lymphoid nodule Lymphoid nodule §Malpighi§
5503 Arteriola nodularis Nodular arteriole Nodular arteriole
5504 Pulpa rubra Red pulp Red pulp
5505 A. penicillaris splenis Penicillar artery of spleen Penicillar artery of spleen
5506 Vas sinusoideum splenis Sinusoid of spleen Sinusoid of spleen
5507 Spatium extrasinusoideum Extrasinusoidal space of spleen Extrasinusoidal space of spleen
splenis
5508 Chorda splenica Splenic cord Splenic cord Red pulp cord §Billroth§

5509 Ellipsoid Vagina periarteriolaris Ellipsoid Ellipsoid Peri-arteriolar macrophage sheath §Schweigger-Seidel§
macrophagocytica splenis of spleen; Periarteriolar
macrophage sheath of spleen
5511 Anomaliae splenis Anomalies of spleen Anomalies of spleen

5512 Asplenia Asplenia Asplenia
5513 Cystis splenis Splenic cyst Splenic cyst
5514 Conjunctio splenogonadalis Splenogonadal fusion Splenogonadal fusion
5515 Conjunctio splenopancreatica Splenopancreatic fusion Splenopancreatic fusion
5516 Haemangioma cavernosa splenis Cavernous haemangioma of Cavernous haemangioma of
spleen spleen
5517 Hepatosplenomegalia Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatosplenomegaly
5518 Hyposplenia Hyposplenia Hyposplenia
5519 Lobulatio splenis Lobulation of spleen Lobulation of spleen
5520 Nodulus splenis accessorius Accessory splenic nodule Accessory splenic nodule
5521 Polysplenia Polysplenia Polysplenia
5522 Splen accessorius Accessory spleen Accessory spleen
5523 Splen accessorius glandulae Accessory spleen in suprarenal Accessory spleen in suprarenal
suprarenalis gland gland
5524 Splen accessorius pancreati Accessory spleen in pancreas Accessory spleen in pancreas
5525 Splen accessorius gastre Accessory spleen in stomach Accessory spleen in stomach
5526 Splen accessorius intestino Accessory spleen in intestine Accessory spleen in intestine
5527 Splen migrans Wandering spleen Wandering spleen
5528 TONSILLA PALATINA PALATINE TONSIL PALATINE TONSIL

5529 Endoderma sacci pharyngei Endoderm of second pharyngeal Endoderm of second pharyngeal
secundi pouch pouch
5530 Mesenchyma arcus pharyngei Mesenchyme of second Mesenchyme of second
secundi pharyngeal arch pharyngeal arch
5531 Primordium tonsillae palatinae Primordium of palatine tonsil Primordium of palatine tonsil
5532 Epithelium stratificatum Stratified nonkeratinized squamous Stratified nonkeratinized squamous
5533 Blastema mesenchymale tonsillae Mesenchymal blastema of palatine Mesenchymal blastema of palatine
palatinae tonsil tonsil
5534 Lymphocytus Lymphocyte Lymphocyte
5535 Fossula tonsillae Tonsillar pit Tonsillar pit
5536 Crypta tonsillae Tonsillar crypt Tonsillar crypt
5537 Crypta primaria tonsillae Primary tonsillar crypt Primary tonsillar crypt
5538 Crypta secundaria tonsillae Secondary tonsillar crypt Secondary tonsillar crypt
5539 Epithelium cryptae Epithelium of crypt Epithelium of crypt
5541 Anomaliae tonsillae palatinae Anomalies of palatine tonsil Anomalies of palatine tonsil
5542 Aplasia tonsillae Aplasia of tonsil Aplasia of tonsil
5543 Ectopia tonsillae Ectopic tonsil Ectopic tonsil
5544 Tonsilla palatina supernumeraria Supernumerary palatine tonsil Supernumerary palatine tonsil

5545 TONSILLA PHARYNGEA PHARYNGEAL TONSIL PHARYNGEAL TONSIL Endnote 320
5546 Endoderma parietis dorsalis Endoderm of dorsal pharyngeal Endoderm of dorsal pharyngeal
pharyngis wall wall
5547 Mesenchyma parietis dorsalis Mesenchyme of dorsal pharyngeal Mesenchyme of dorsal pharyngeal
pharyngis wall wall
5548 Tunica mucosa respiratoria Respiratory mucosa Respiratory mucosa
5549 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
columnare ciliatum epithelium epithelium
5550 Epithelium stratificatum Stratified nonkeratinized squamous Stratified nonkeratinized squamous
5552 TONSILLA LINGUALIS LINGUAL TONSIL LINGUAL TONSIL Endnote 320
5553 TONSILLA TUBARIA TUBAL TONSIL TUBAL TONSIL Endnote 320

ENDNOTES
232 Diverticulum sinus maxillaris The maxillary sinus is large enough to be clinically important at birth. It grows significantly during the first 3 years of postnatal life and again from 7-18 years (Snow JB, Ballenger
JJ. Eds. Ballenger’s Otorhinology Head and Neck Surgery. 16th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Publisher; 2003).
233 Diverticulum cellulae ethmoidalis At birth there are 3 or 4 ethmoidal cells and they are large enough to be clinically important (Snow JB, Ballenger JJ. Eds. Ballenger’s Otorhinology Head and Neck Surgery.
16th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Publisher; 2003).
234 Anomaliae nasi For more see: Losee JE, Kirschner RE, Whitaker LA, Bartlett SP. Congenital nasal anomalies: a classification scheme. (Plast Reconstr Surg 2004;113:676-689).
235 Eminentia hypopharyngea The hypopharyngeal eminence was formerly called the hypobranchial eminence and is not to be confused with the adult hypopharynx.
236 Formatio arboris respiratoriae The term respiratory tree is used to denote the postpharyngeal airways: the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, the bronchioles, the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, atria
and saccules and the pulmonary alveoli.
237 Gemma respiratoria The term respiratory bud denotes the single bud from which the respiratory tree originates.
238 Septum epitheliale laryngis The epithelial septum is a primary structure responsible for the final configuration of the laryngotracheal groove (Sanudo JR, Domenech-Mateu JM. The laryngeal primordium and
epithelial lamina: a new interpretation. (J Anat1990;171:207-222).
239 Condensatio mesenchymalis epiglottidis The epiglottis begins to chondrify during the fetal period.
240 Cartilago ossis hyoidei The hyoid cartilage begins to ossify during the fetal period.
241 Cartilago laminae thyroideae The thyroid laminae fuse during the fetal period.
242 Vestibulum larynges; Ventriculus laryngis Although the subdivisions of the laryngeal cavity, the infrahyoid muscles and most of the major laryngeal muscles are established by the eighth week, some events
occur during the fetal period. In addition to those listed under previous footnotes, first the vocal and then the vestibular folds develop; the aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic and vocalis muscles develop; the larynx
undergoes relative descent until, at birth, its lower border is at the level of C 4.
243 Mesoderma intermedium The Mesoderma intermedium is primarily responsible for the formation of the kidneys and internal genitalia and their ducts. Experimental studies suggest that it arises in amniotes
from the middle of the primitive streak distal to somite origin and proximal to lateral plate mesoderm origin.
244 Pronephros The parts of the pronephros are rudimentary and do not form tubules so that it is never a functioning structure in man.
245 Glomerulus externus Pronephric tubules which link the pronephric duct with the intraembryonic coelom via a nephrostoma are occasionally present in human embryos (Hinrichsen KV. Humanembryologie.
Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1990).
246 Chorda nephrogenica; Chorda mesonephrica The term nephrogenic cord is preferred as the cord gives rise to both mesonephric structures and the metanephric blastema.
247 Gemma ureterica; Diverticulum metanephricum The term ureteric bud is preferred. While it is initially a hollow diverticulum, it becomes solid and then recanalises. While it is largely surrounded by a
metanephric cap, its origin is from the caudal end of the mesonephric duct.

248 Ampulla ureterica In accordance with current practice the term ureteric ampulla is here used as a generic term for the expanded ends of successive divisions of the ureteric bud. The ampullae form ducts,
propelves, calyces, papillary ducts and collecting tubules. Each of the last mentioned group induces the formation of a metanephric vesicle in the metanephrogenic blastema and fuses with it.
249 Ductus interpolaris; Ductus polaris superior; Ductus polaris inferior Each of the ducts induces change in part of the overlying metanephrogenic blastema to form a transient embryonic lobule.
250 Arcuatio nephronis Early in the second trimester additional nephrons form from the points where metanephric tubules fuse with ampullae and form chains of adjacent nephrons.
251 Tuberculum sinuale fugax Sinual, mesonephric and paramesonephric epithelia meet at the sinus tubercle.
252 Utriculus prostaticus; Vagina masculina; Vagina Accounts vary but the cephalic parts of the vagina and of the utricle are probably derived from the paramesonephric ducts and their caudal parts from the mixed
epithelium of the sinus tubercle.
253 Crescentia perinei Growth of the perineum brings the urethral and vaginal orifices to the surface (Ammini AC, Pandey J, Vijyaraghavan M, Sabherwal U. Human female phenotypic development: role of fetal
ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:604-8).
254 Gemma prostatica A series of five clusters of endodermal buds grow into the surrounding mesenchyme. The latter becomes the fibromuscular part and forms about one third of the prostate. The five fetal
lobules are obscured in postnatal life, so that there is no external sign of lobulation.
255 Translatio cellularum germinalium precursorium; Migratio cellularum germinalium precursorium The relocation of primordial germ cells from the wall of the umbilical vesicle to that of the hindgut can be
explained by growth movements and shape changes (Freeman B. The active migration of germ cells in the embryos of mice and men is a myth. Reproduction 2003;125:635-643). However, relocation from the wall
of the hindgut to the gonadal ridge is difficult to envision - even at a time when the dorsal mesentery is still extremely short or barely distinguishable at the level of the genital ridge (at Stage 12) - without true
migration, at least through the basal lamina of the hindgut, playing a part.
256 Chorda epithelii coelomici These cords were previously called primary sex cords but they represent only proliferative coelomic epithelium, presumably contributing to gonadal mesenchyme. They are not the
precursors of the cords in which primordial germ cells will develop (Satoh M. Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos. J Anat 1991;177:85-107).
257 Mesenchyma gonadale The gonadal mesenchyme that forms most gonadal cells comes from the mesonephros (Campagnolo L, Russo MA, Puglianello A, Favale A, Siracusa G. Mesenchymal cell precursors
of peritubular smooth muscle cells of the mouse testis can be identified by the presence of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Biol Reprod 2001;64:464-472). However, that which forms sustentacular (and granulosa)
cells comes from the coelomic epithelium (Karl J, Capel B. Sertoli cells of the mouse testis originate from the coelomic epithelium. Dev Biol 1998;203:323-333).
258 Chorda sexualis primordialis gonadalis Gonadal cords or primordial sex cords extend from the mesonephros into the gonadal ridge and become associated with primordial germ cells; the coelomic epithelium
flattens and the gonad protrudes into the coelomic cavity (Satoh M. Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos. J Anat 1991;177:85-107).
259 Chorda sexualis primordialis ovarii In the ovary, primordial sex cords enlarge, extend peripherally, pick up primordial germ cells, leave the medulla and become the folliculogenic sex cords of the cortex (Satoh
M. Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos. J Anat 1991;177:85-107). Some cords remain in the medulla but do not develop and disappear in the third trimester.
260 Factor antiparamesonephricus The antiparamesonephric factor is eponymously known as AMH (AntiMüllerian Hormone) or MIS (Müllerian Inhibiting Substance).
261 Conjunctio tubuli recti cum rete testis incipiens Although the primordium of the rete testis is present in the embryo, it is not until the second trimester that it begins to connect with straight tubules and the
process is not completed until puberty.

262 Ovotestis An abnormal gonad that contains both ovarian and testicular tissue.
263 Perineum primarium Mesenchyme from the caudal eminence tracks around the anal pit and forms the primary perineum between the anal canal and the pelvic part of definitive urogenital sinus.
264 Perineum secundarium As the perineum is reinforced by mesenchyme from the urorectal septum, it becomes prominent and expands to form the perineal body.
265 Plica cloacalis The cloacal folds are commonly referred to as primary urethral folds. However, they extend beyond presumptive urethra to flank the presumptive anus and thus have both urethral and anal
derivatives, the primary urethral and anal folds.
266 Corpus spongiosum clitoridis; Bulbus vestibularis The corpus spongiosum of the clitoris extends anteriorly from the bilateral vestibular bulbs to terminate as the glans clitoridis and corresponds to the corpus
spongiosum penis (Van Turnhout AA, Hage JJ,van Diest PJ. The female corpus spongiosum revisited. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995;74:767–771). For homology with the male, this term is preferrred to the
proposed term bulbus clitoridis (O’Connell HE, Hutson JM, Anderson CR, Plenter RJ. Anatomical relationship between urethra and clitoris. J Urol 1998;159:1892–1897).
267 Endocrinocytus glandulae vestibularis majoris Endocrine cells similar to those found elsewhere in the urogenital tract (Fetissov F, Arbeille B, Bellet D, Barre I, Lansac J. Endocrine cells in human Bartholin’s
glands. Virch Arch B Cell Pathol1989;57:117-121).
268 Coeloma et septa The coelom is described as a tubular blastema. The walls of this hollow organ are built up of prospective mesothelium which delimits the lumen from the surrounding mesenchyme. The
lumen enlarges by the coalescence of small spaces in this mesenchyme. In this way organs are “liberated” from their surrounding mesenchyme and may reach an intraserosal position. This process leads to serosal
connections of the organs with the body wall, carrying vessels and nerves. The mesenterial relations in the developing embryo are quite different from those in the fetus. The “mesenteria” are relatively much more
voluminous in the younger organism. They are shaped by the aforementioned “liberation” process and much less so by real folding and rotation. Notwithstanding this difference in relations and topography, the
names of the ligaments and plicae (folds) are identical with those in Terminologia Anatomica (1998).
269 Coeloma umbilicale The coelom in the proximal part of the umbilical cord communicates with the intraembryonic coelom and is a remnant of the extraembryonic coelom, most of which is obliterated as the
amnion surrounds the connecting stalk to form the umbilical cord.
270 Primordium epicardii; Proepicardium A cluster of mesothelial cells over the septum transversum; pro-epicardial vesicles flatten and join to form the epicardium, the cells of which undergo
epitheliomesenchymal transition and invade the heart tube (Poelmann RE, Lie-Venema H, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. The role of the epicardium and the neural crest. Tex Heart Inst J 2002;29:255-261).
271 Mesocardium Athough a homologue of the dorsal mesocardium in other species, the recommended term is mesocardium because, unlike chick embryos, there is no corresponding ventral mesocardium in
normal human embryos.
272 Plica pleuropericardiaca septi transversi The pleuropericardial fold of the septum transversum contains the common cardinal vein.
273 Cavitas peritonealis minor; Bursa omentalis The anlage of the omental bursa is a thickening and invagination of coelomic epithelium on the right side of the dorsal mesogastrium (C. Viebahn, unpublished
observation on 7mm embryo).
274 Anulus umbilicalis The term umbilical ring is used in two different but related ways: Firstly, it describes the site on the ventral aspect of an embryo where the margins of the folded embryonic disc converge.
The structures transmitted by the ring become covered by amnion and mesenchyme and form the umbilical cord. Secondly, it describes the opening through which the umbilical vessels pass. In young embryos it is
relatively closer to the pubis than in the fetus, in which it becomes an umbilical hiatus in the linea alba, which normally closes in postnatal life.
275 Lig. scrotale A scrotal ligament is not usually seen on dissection of the adult scrotum.

276 Placoda adenohypophysialis The use of this term to describe the primordium of the adenohypophysis seems justified by the observation that mutant embryos that cannot transduce hedgehog signals mis-
specify median pituitary precursors and form an ectopic lens (Dutta S, Dietrich JE, Aspock G, Burdine RD, Schier A, Westerfield M, Varga ZM. pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary
placode. Development 2005;132:1579-90).
277 Cortex suprarenalis temporarius The term provisional cortex, rather than fetal cortex, is recommended because it is present in embryos from Stage 16 onwards.
278 Glandula suprarenalis ad partum maturum The suprarenal gland is relatively large at birth but the volume of its fetal cortex decreases rapidly, as it undergoes haemorrhagic non-inflammatory necrosis, and is
negligible after two postnatal months. The definitive cortex, however, continues to differentiate and grow until early childhood while the medulla also differentiates and undergoes some postnatal growth.
279 Cor tubulare The adjective simplex has been used at this stage but the phenomenon of polarity makes its use inappropriate.
280 Myocardium primarium; Myocardium cordis camerati; Myocardium mediastinale; Myocardium nodale Four different types of myocardium can be distinguished by their properties and the level of expression of
genes and atrial natriuretic factor (Horsthuis T, Christoffels VM, Anderson RH, Moorman AFM. Can recent insights into cardiac development improve our understanding of congenitally malformed hearts? Clinical
Anatomy 2009;22:4-20).
281 Ansa cordis dextra A D-loop is the normal configuration and usually results in a heart with the apex pointing to the left. An L-loop is abnormal and usually results in a heart with the apex pointing to the right.
282 Curvatura externa With ballooning, the ventricles and atria develop in series on the outer curvature but share the inner curvature.
283 Anulus interventricularis myocardii This term denotes the myocardium surrounding the primary ventricular foramen.
284 Aa. coronariae For a recent review see: Ratajska A, Czarnowska E, Ciszek B. Embryonic development of the proepicardium and coronary vessels (Int J Dev Biol 2008;52:229-36).
285 Dens mesenchymalis in cristis tractus effluxionis Such prongs represent the precursors of the cardiac skeleton.
286 Plica secunda interatrialis; Septum secundum The term plica or fold is preferred as the structure is not a septum, sensu stricto.
287 M. papillaris superolateralis ventriculi sinistri; M. papillaris anterior ventriculi sinistri; M. papillaris inferoseptalis ventriculi sinistri; M. papillaris posterior ventriculi sinistri These muscles are well defined in the
Stage 18 heart. The terms superolateral and inferoseptal papillary muscles are appropriate for the left ventricle with the heart in the anatomical position (Anderson RH, Loukas M. The importance of attitudinally
appropriate description of cardiac anatomy. Clin Anat 2009;22:47-51).
288 Pars membranacea septi interventricularis This part develops from the muscular septum after the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve has delaminated after the twelfth week.
289 Formatio ulterior valvarum atrioventricularium While the anterosuperior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the anterolateral papillary muscle of the right ventricle develop in embryonic life, the other four
atrioventricular leaflets and the septal papillary muscle of the right ventricle develop after the twelfth week.
290 Flexus ductus communis effluxionis This is an external landmark that separates the proximal and distal portions of the tract; at the site of the bend the pitch of the spiralling endocardial outflow tract ridges is
highest, explaining claims for separate proximal and distal (conal and truncal) ridges.
291 Septum distale The distal septum lies between intrapericardial parts of aorta and pulmonary trunk (distal to the arterial valves).

292 Tetralogia cardiaca Although described by Stensen in 1671 the tetralogy ascribed to Fallot (1888) consists of pulmonary stenosis, dextraposition of the aorta overriding an interventricular septal defect and right
ventricular hypertrophy. An interatrial septal defect is often present making the pentalogy. The combination of pulmonary stenosis, interatrial septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy constitutes the trilogy.
293 Angiogenesis The formation of new vessels from existing ones (Risau W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature. 1997:386;671-4). It occurs in somatopleuric mesenchyme or its derivatives. For the different
forms of angiogenesis, see Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation. (Placenta 2004;25:103-13).
294 A. arcus quinti pharyngei Only the first four pharyngeal arches, grooves and pouches are distinct structures. Nevertheless, arch arteries develop caudal to the fourth arch. The pulmonary arch caudal to the
fourth arch artery is sometimes named a sixth arch artery because of its phylogeny, even when a fifth arch artery is not present (Congdon ED.Transformation of the aortic-arch system during the development of the
human embryo. Contrib Embryol Carneg Instn 1922;14:47-110).
295 A. umbilicalis The umbilical arteries develop precociously in the mesoderm of the connecting stalk in relation to the allantoic diverticulum, where they may be regarded as allantoic arteries. The vascularization
of the placenta is thus said to be chorio-allantoic.
296 V. postcardinalis In the human embryo there are no supracardinal veins and the azygos system develops from the postcardinal veins (Lamers WH., unpublished observations; Hochstetter F. Entwickelung des
Venensystems der Wirbeltiere. Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch 1893;3:460-489).
297 Lymphangiogenesis The formation of lymphatics (Oliver G. Lymphatic vasculature development. Nature Rev Immunol. 2004:4;35-45).
298 Formatio haemocytorum This section on Blood cell production complements the extensive section with the same name in Terminologia Histologica 2008. Here it is restricted to the initiation of
haemangiogenesis and the most distinctive features of embryonic and fetal blood.
299 Vesicula umbilicalis; Saccus vitellinus The umbilical vesicle or yolk sac accommodates primordial erythroblasts, together with a relatively very small population of macrophages which are the only other
differentiated blood cells that it accommodates (Kelemen E, Calvo W, Fliedner TM. Atlas of Human Hemopoietic Development. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1979; Palis J, Yoder MC, Yolk-sac
hematopoiesis: The first blood cells of mouse and man. Exp Hemat 2001;29:927-936).
300 Macroblastus Macroblasts are large cells which contain pyknotic nuclei and a substantial amount of haemoglobin. These cells are similar in form to the macrocytes, which do not contain nuclei. Both
populations are numerous in the early embryo but disappear before the end of the first trimester. Macroblasts are readily distinguished from megaloblasts, the cells which characterize megaloblastic anaemias.
301 Erythroblastus Fetal blood contains erythroblasts at all stages of maturation, together with corresponding progenitor cells and stem cells (Thomas DB, Yoffey JM. Human fetal haematopoiesis I. The cellular
composition of fetal blood. Br J Haematol 1962;8:290-295; Thomas DB. The leuco-erythroblastic anaemia of the human foetus. Arch Dis Childhood 1963;38:95; Kelemen E, Calvo W, Fliedner TM. Atlas of Human
Hemopoietic Development. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1979).
302 Haemoglobinum embryonicum Changes in haemoglobin molecules during the course of development reflect changes in their two dissimilar pairs of polypeptide chains (globin chains) :
Globin chains Predominate in Haemoglobin

Zeta + epsilon early embryo Gower 1
Zeta + gamma early embryo Portland 1
Zeta + beta early embryo Portland 2
Alpha + epsilon early embryo Gower 2
Alpha + gamma fetus Fetal (HbF)
Alpha + beta postnatal life Adult (HbA)

Alpha + delta postnatal life Adult (HbA2)
Embryonic haemoglobins invariably contain one or both of the distinctive globin chains that appear early in the first trimester (zeta and epsilon chains), which may be combined with alpha, beta or gamma chains.
During the fifth week of gestation zeta chains and epsilon chains are already being synthesized by primitive erythroblasts in the umbilical vesicle. From the sixth week onwards these same cells also synthesize
alpha, beta and gamma chains. Zeta chains and epsilon chains disappear before the end of the first trimester. During the fetal period alpha chains are combined with gamma chains in fetal haemoglobin (HbF) which
is the predominant haemoglobin until early in the neonatal period. During the second half of gestation the bone marrow is established as the main site of haematopoiesis and adult haemoglobin (HbA), in which
alpha chains are combined with beta chains, starts to replace fetal haemoglobin. Within a month or so of birth adult haemoglobin is the predominant haemoglobin but traces of fetal haemoglobin may persist for
several months. In a minor adult haemoglobin (HbA2), alpha chains are combined with delta chains.
Polypeptide chains Zeta Alpha

Epsilon Gower 1
Gamma Portland 1
Beta Portland 2
Epsilon Gower 2
Gamma Fetal (HbF)
Beta Adult, major (HbA)
Delta Adult, minor (HbA2)
303 Haemangiogenesis/Haemangioblast It was suggested by Sabin in 1920, that the precursors of both blood cells and endothelial cells may be the progeny of a single population of cells, which were
subsequently termed haemangioblasts by Murray in 1932. Haemangioblasts have now been characterised and isolated. Presumably haemangioblasts confer upon the endoderm-associated splanchnopleuric
mesenchyme its capacity to sustain haemangiogenesis, the ability to give rise to both blood cells and endothelial cells, which is not shared by the ectoderm-associated somatopleuric mesoderm. Endothelial
networks are established in somatopleuric mesodermal derivatives extrinsically, by ingrowth from pre-existing vessels of paraxial origin (angiogenesis q.v.). They are established in splanchnopleuric mesenchymal
derivatives intrinsically, by haemangioblasts (vasculogenesis q.v.). Paraxial derivatives are barred from vascularizing visceral organs and from integrating into the floor of the aorta but those of splanchnopleuric
origin enter the body wall, the kidney and the visceral organs. (Pardanaud L, Luton D. Prigent M, Bourcheit L-M, Catala M, Dieterlen-Lievre F. Two distinct endothelial lineages in ontogeny, one of them related to
hemopoiesis, Development 1996;122:1363-1371; Bailey AS, Fleming WH. Converging roads: Evidence for an adult hemangioblast, Exp Hematol 2003;31:987-993).
304 Textus haematopoieticus in pulpa rubra splenis In the human fetus the spleen is not a preferential site of blood cell production between the fourth and seventh months of gestation but, like any other site, the
spleen may accommodate intravascular blood cell precursors. (Thomas DB. Is the spleen a preferential site of blood cell production in the human fetus? Ital J Anat Embryol 1995;100(Supp 1):245-252).
305 Thymus Developmental phases: 1. Primordial; 2. Colonization of primordium by cells derived from the hepatic haematopoietic stem cell population of the liver; 3. Proliferation of T cell antecedents; 4.
Generation of T cells; 5.Emigration of mature T cells (to secondary lymphoid tissues).
306 Saccus pharyngeus quartus The ventral part of the fourth pharyngeal arch may contribute to the thymus in a proportion of human embryos (Van Dyke JH. On the origin of accessory thymus tissue, thymus IV:
the occurrence in man. Anat Rec 1941;79:179-209).
307 Epithelium ectodermale Histological observations have suggested a contribution from the third pharyngeal groove but recent experimental studies suggest otherwise (Gordon J, Wilson VA, Blair NF, Sheridan
J, Farley A, Wilson L, Manley NR, Blackburn CC. Functional evidence for a single endodermal origin for the thymic epithelium. Nat Immunol 2004;5:546-553).
.
308 Ectomesenchyma; Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Ectomesenchymal cells appear to be required to expand the number of thymic epithelial cells in early stages (Anderson G, Jenkinson WE, Jones T, Parnell
SM, Kinsella FA, White AJ, Pongrac’z JE, Rossi JW, Jenkinson EJ. Establishment and functioning of intrathymic microenvironments. Immunol Rev 2006;209:10-27).

309 Cellula dendritica thymi Dendritic cells have been demonstrated in the human fetal thymus (Liu YJ. Uncover the mystery of plasmacytoid dendritic precursors or type 1 interferon producing cells by serendipity.
Hum Immunol 2002;63:1067-1071).
310 Progenies cellularum T Thymocytic progenitor cells reaching the thymic cortex express high levels of Cluster of Differentiation molecule 34 and CD45. They become CD1 positive but they remain negative for
CD3, CD4 and CD8 (triple negative cells). In due course, prothymocytes which are CD3+, CD4-and CD8- (double negative cells) form in the cortex, move to the medulla and come to express both CD4 and CD8
(double positive cells), giving rise to both CD4+CD8- helper cells and CD4-CD8+ cytotoxic cells, which leave the thymus.
311 Prothymocytus Prothymocytes are double negative cortical cells that are morphologically recognizable antecedents of T cells.
312 Cellula T adjuvans B lymphocytes are numerous during the fifteenth week of gestation but plasma cells remain rare and serum immunoglobulins virtually absent until after birth. This may reflect functional
immaturity of T helper cells in the fetus.
313 Cellula necatoria anticorporibus non subjecta Antibody-independent natural killer cells are found in the thymus: they are the progeny of haematopoietic stem cells, derived initially from the liver and
subsequently from the bone marrow.
314 Cellula myoidea thymi Thymic myoid cells are demonstrable from the 10 week embryo onwards (Sato T, Tamaoki N. Acta Pathol Jpn 1989;39:509-519).They are more numerous in the fetus and contain
myofilaments but poorly developed sarcomeres (Lambropoulou M, Tamiolakis D, Venizelos I, Alexiadis G, Limberis V, Galzios G, Tsikouras P, Karamanidid D, Koutsougeras G, Nikolaidou S, Petrakis G,
Papadopoulos H, Papadopoulos N. A stromal myoid cell line provokes thymic T-cell immigration at the second and third gestational trimesters. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2007;11:710-716).
315 Textus lymphoidei secundarii Lymphocytes, which are ultimately derived from the haematopoietic tissues, leave the primary or central lymphoid tissues to be distributed by the blood and lymph to the
secondary or peripheral lymphoid tissues. The completion of secondary lymphoid tissue maturation coincides with the establishment of antibody production during the neonatal period.
316 Nodulus lymphoideus Lymphoid nodules are units of B lymphocyte organization in the secondary lymphoid tissues. They are unencapsulated clones of activated B lymphocytes, which may be transient or
persistent and solitary or multiple. Multiple lymphoid nodules may be separate or coalescent, free in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) or associated in encapsulated organs where interaction between B
and T lymphocytes is facilitated, exposure to antigens is promoted and integration may occur with lymphatic vessels (in lymph nodes) or blood vessels (in the spleen). An active lymphoid nodule may contain a
germinal centre, in which a mantle zone can be distinguished from a dark zone, a basal light zone and an apical light zone. The dark zone contains dividing B lymphocytes, termed centroblasts, which give rise to
centrocytes that migrate into the basal light zone, where they give rise to plasma cells and memory cells that enter the apical light zone.
317 Textus lymphoideus adjunctus mucosae Persistent, multiple coalescent aggregates of lymphoid nodules occur: in the palatine, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils where they form an incomplete ring at the
crossover point between the alimentary and respiratory tracts (pharyngeal lymphoid ring); in the small intestine, especially the ileum (aggregated lymphoid nodules) and in the appendix. Together with solitary
nodules, these gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) and ureter-associated lymphoid tissues (UALT) constitute a group of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues
(MALT). This serves as a common mucosal immune system in which unencapsulated lymphoid nodules, devoid of afferent lymphatic vessels, receive antigens that cross the lamina propria. The highly modified
epithelial cells that facilitate this process have been termed membrane-like cells (M cells) or, mistakenly, follicle-associated epithelial cells (FAE cells).
318 Paracortex Differentiation of the paracortex occurs about 4 weeks earlier than that of the cortex.
319 Arteriola vaginata pulpae albae The walls of vessels within peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheaths are too thin to warrant their being called arteries.
320 Tonsilla pharyngea; Tonsilla lingualis; Tonsilla tubaria The histogenesis of the pharyngeal, lingual and tubal tonsils is essentially similar to that of the palatine tonsil.

Second Edition
FIPAT
TE2, PART IV
Contents
Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued)

Systema nervosum Nervous system
Organa sensuum Sense organs
Integumentum commune The integument
Caput VI: Adnexa embryonica et fetalia Chapter 6: Developmental adnexa


Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS (continued)

5554 Systema nervosum Nervous system Nervous system
5555 Neurulatio Neurulation Neurulation
5556 NEURULATIO PRIMARIA PRIMARY NEURULATION PRIMARY NEURULATION
5557 Ectoderma neuralis Neural ectoderm Neural ectoderm Neuro-ectoderm; Neuroectoderm;
Neural epithelium
5559 Pars prosencephalica Prosencephalic part Prosencephalic part
5560 Pars mesencephalica Mesencephalic part Mesencephalic part
5561 Pars rhombencephalica Rhombencephalic part Rhombencephalic part
5562 Pars spinalis Spinal part Spinal part
5566 Junctio neuroectodermalis Neuro-ectodermal junction Neuroectodermal junction
5567 Tubulatio neuralis Neural tubulation Neural tubulation
5568 Tubus neuralis primarius Primary neural tube Primary neural tube
5569 Punctum medianum cardinis Median hinge point Median hinge point
5570 Punctum dorsolaterale cardinis Dorsolateral hinge point Dorsolateral hinge point
5571 Crista neuralis primaria Primary neural crest Primary neural crest
5572 NEURULATIO SECUNDARIA SECONDARY NEURULATION SECONDARY NEURULATION

5573 Eminentia caudalis Gemma terminalis; Gemma Caudal eminence Caudal eminence End bud; Tail bud
caudalis
5576 Cardo caudoneuralis Caudoneural hinge Caudoneural hinge
5577 Canalisatio neuralis Neural canalisation Neural canalisation
5578 Tubus neuralis secundarius Secondary neural tube Secondary neural tube
5579 Ventriculus terminalis Terminal ventricle Terminal ventricle
5580 Crista neuralis secundaria Secondary neural crest Secondary neural crest
5581 Regressio medullae spinalis Caudal spinal cord regression Caudal spinal cord regression
caudalis
5582 Meninges Meninges Meninges

5583 CRISTA NEURALIS NEURAL CREST NEURAL CREST
5586 Mesenchyma somaticum Somatic mesenchyme Somatic mesenchyme
5587 Fibroblastus Fibroblast Fibroblast
5588 Leptomeningoblastus Leptomeningoblast Leptomeningoblast
5589 Pioblastus Pial blast cell Pial blast cell
5590 Arachnoidoblastus Arachnoid blast cell Arachnoid blast cell

5593 Meninx primordialis Primordial meninx Primordial meninx
5594 Stratum skeletogenicum Skeletogenous layer Skeletogenous layer
5595 Ectomeninx Ectomeninx Ectomeninx
5596 Lamina interna periostea Internal periosteal layer Internal periosteal layer
5597 Dura mater craniospinalis Craniospinal dura mater Craniospinal dura mater
5598 Dura mater cranialis Cranial dura mater Cranial dura mater
5599 Dura mater spinalis Spinal dura mater Spinal dura mater
5600 ENDOMENINX Leptomeninx ENDOMENINX ENDOMENINX Leptomeninx Endnote 321

5601 Arachnoidea mater craniospinalis Craniospinal arachnoid Craniospinal arachnoid Endnote 321
5602 Arachnoidea mater cranialis Cranial arachnoid Cranial arachnoid
5603 Arachnoidea mater spinalis Spinal arachnoid Spinal arachnoid
5604 Trabecula arachnoidea Arachnoid trabecula Arachnoid trabecula
5605 Villus arachnoideus Arachnoid villus Arachnoid villus
5606 Granulatio arachnoidea Arachnoid granulation Arachnoid granulation §Pacchioni§
5607 Spatium subarachnoideum Spatium leptomeningeum Subarachnoid space Subarachnoid space Leptomeningeal space
5608 Pia mater craniospinalis Craniospinal pia mater Craniospinal pia mater Endnote 321
5609 Pia mater cranialis Cranial pia mater Cranial pia mater
5610 Pia mater spinalis Spinal pia mater Spinal pia mater
5611 Manica radicis Root sheath Root sheath
5612 Manica radiculae Rootlet sheath Rootlet sheath
5613 Flexus durae matris Dural reflection Dural reflection
5614 Sinus durae matris Dural sinus Dural sinus Dural venous sinus
5615 Tela choroidea Tela choroidea Tela choroidea
5616 Filum terminale Filum terminale Filum terminale Terminal filum
5617 Pars duralis fili terminalis Filum terminale externum Dural part Dural part Coccygeal ligament
5618 Pars pialis fili terminalis Filum terminale internum Pial part Pial part Pial ligament
5619 ANOMALIAE MENINGUM ANOMALIES OF MENINGES ANOMALIES OF MENINGES

5620 Meningocoelia Meningocoele Meningocele
5621 Meningocoelia cranialis Cranial meningocoele Cranial meningocele
5622 Meningocoelia spinalis Spinal meningocoele Spinal meningocele
5623 Encephalomeningocoelia Encephalocoelia Encephalomeningocoele Encephalomeningocele Encephalocoele ; Encephalocele
5624 Myelomeningocoelia Myelomeningocoele Myelomeningocele
5625 Taenia dorsalis fibrosa Dorsal fibrous band Dorsal fibrous band
5626 Fistula spinodermalis Tractus sinusoideus spinodermalis Spinal dermal fistula Spinal dermal fistula Spinal dermal sinus tract
5627 Systema nervosum Central nervous system Central nervous system

centrale
5628 Processus embryonici Developmental processes Developmental processes
5629 Formatio processuum Process formation Process formation
5630 Axonogenesis Axonogenesis Axonogenesis
5631 Dendritogenesis Dendritogenesis Dendritogenesis
5632 Selectio scopi Target selection Target selection
5633 Extensio axoni Axon outgrowth Axon outgrowth
5634 Conus incrementii Growth cone Growth cone

5635 Rectio axoni Axon guidance Axon guidance
5636 Retractio axoni Axon retraction Axon retraction
5637 Exstinctio axoni Axon elimination Axon elimination
5638 Amputatio axoni Axon pruning Axon pruning
5639 Formatio synapsis Synapse formation Synapse formation
5640 Myelinisatio Myelination Myelination
5641 Formatio mesaxoni Mesaxon formation Mesaxon formation
5643 Extrusio cytoplasmalis Cytoplasmic extrusion Cytoplasmic extrusion
5644 Formatio nodi Node formation Node formation
5645 Migratio interkinetica nuclei Interkinetic nuclear migration Interkinetic nuclear migration
5646 Migratio neuronalis Neuronal migration Neuronal migration
5647 Migratio radialis Radial migration Radial migration
5648 Migratio tangentialis Tangential migration Tangential migration
5649 Migratio cateniformis Chain migration Chain migration Endnote 322
5650 Migratio cellulae glialis Glial cell migration Glial cell migration
5651 Canalisatio Canalisation Canalisation
5652 NOMINA ET PROCESSUS CELLULAR TERMS AND CELLULAR TERMS AND

CELLULARIA EVENTS EVENTS
5653 Rete bacillorum terminalium Membrana limitans interna Internal limiting membrane Internal limiting membrane Terminal bar net
5654 Cellula progenetrix Progenitor cell Progenitor cell
5655 Cellula proliferativa Cellula germinativa Proliferative cell Proliferative cell Germinal cell
5656 Ependymoblastus Ependymoblast Ependymoblast
5657 Ependymocytus Ependymal cell Ependymal cell Ventricular cell
5658 Ependymocytus choroideus Choroidal ependymal cell Choroidal ependymal cell
5659 Cellula supraependymalis Supra-ependymal cell Supraependymal cell
5660 Neuroepithelium columnare Columnar neuro-epithelium Columnar neuroepithelium Endnote 323
5661 Cellula mitotica Mitotic cell Mitotic cell
5662 Epitheliocytus prismaticus Wedge-shaped epithelial cell Wedgeshaped epithelial cell
5663 Basis epitheliocyti prismatici Base Base
5664 Processus epitheliocyti prismatici Process Process
5665 Tanycytus Tanycyte Tanycyte
5666 Glia limitans Membrana limitans externa Glia limitans Glia limitans External limiting membrane
5667 Lamina basalis glialis Glia limitans basal layer Glia limitans basal layer
superficialis
5668 Cellula migrans Migrating cell Migrating cell
5669 Spatio extracellularis Extracellular space Extracellular space
5670 Cellula neuralis staminalis Neural stem cell Neural stem cell
5671 Neuroblastus Neuroblast Neuroblast Endnote 324
5672 Neuron immaturum Immature neuron Immature neuron
5673 Neuron immaturum apolare Immature apolar neuron Immature apolar neuron
5674 Neuron immaturum unipolare Immature unipolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron
5675 Neuron immaturum bipolare Immature bipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron
5676 Neuron immaturum multipolare Immature multipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron
5677 Motoneuron Neuron motorium Motoneuron Motoneuron Motor neuron
5678 Neuron sensorium Sensory neuron Sensory neuron

5679 Interneuron Interneuron Interneuron
5680 Neuron bipolare Bipolar neuron Bipolar neuron
5681 Neuron multipolare Multipolar neuron Multipolar neuron
5682 Processus neuri immaturi Process of immature neuron Process of immature neuron
5683 Neuritum Neurite
5684 Axon Axon Axon
5685 Dendritum Dendrite Dendrite
5686 Glioblastus Glioblast Glioblast
5687 Glioblastus radialis Radial glial cell Radial glial cell
5688 Translatio perikaryi gliocytalis Glial perikaryon translation Glial perikaryon translation
5689 Processus gliocyti Glial process Glial process
5690 Processus gliocyti radialis Radial glial process Radial glial process
5691 Processus oligodendrocyti Oligodendrocyte process Oligodendrocyte process
5692 Astroblastus Astroblast Astroblast
5693 Processus astrocyti Astrocyte process Astrocyte process
5694 Cellula oligodendrocytoprogenetrix Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
5695 Oligodendroblastus Oligodendroblast Oligodendroblast
5696 Oligodendrocytus Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocyte
5697 Microglia Microglia Microglia Endnote 325
5699 Substantia grisea Grey matter Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance
5700 Pallium Pallium Pallium
5701 Cortex Cortex Cortex
5702 Nucleus Nucleus Nucleus
5703 Substantia alba White matter White matter
5704 Tractus Tract Tract
5705 Formatio reticularis Reticular formation Reticular formation
5706 Neuropilus Neuropil Neuropil
5707 TUBUS NEURALIS NEURAL TUBE NEURAL TUBE

5708 Canalis neuralis Neural canal Neural canal
5709 Canalis centralis Central canal Central canal
5710 Cavitas encephalica Brain cavity Brain cavity
5711 Liquor ependymalis Ependymal fluid Ependymal fluid
5712 Neuroporus Neuropore Neuropore
5713 Neuroporus rostralis Rostral neuropore Rostral neuropore Endnote 326
5714 Labium dorsale Dorsal lip Dorsal lip
5715 Labium terminale Terminal lip Terminal lip
5716 Situs neuroporicus Site of neuropore Site of neuropore Endnote 327
5717 Lamina terminalis primordialis Primordial lamina terminalis Primordial lamina terminalis
5718 Neuroporus caudalis Caudal neuropore Caudal neuropore
5719 Zonae longitudinales tubi Longitudinal zones of neural Longitudinal zones of neural
neuralis tube tube
5720 Lamina dorsalis Roof plate Roof plate
5721 Epithelium plexus choroidei Choroid plexus epithelium Choroid plexus epithelium
5722 Lamina alaris Alar plate Alar plate Endnote 328

5723 Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans §His§
5724 Lamina basalis Basal plate Basal plate Endnote 329
5725 Lamina ventralis Floor plate Floor plate
5726 Derivativa tubi neuralis Derivatives of neural tube Derivatives of neural tube
5727 Vesicula prosencephalica Forebrain vesicle Forebrain vesicle
5728 Vesicula mesencephalica Mesencephalic vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle
5729 Vesicula rhombencephalica Rhombencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle
5730 Medulla spinalis Spinal cord Spinal cord
5731 Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon Hindbrain
5732 Truncus encephali Brain stem Brain stem
5733 Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata; Bulbus Myelencephalon Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata; Bulb
5734 Metencephalon Metencephalon Metencephalon
5735 Pons Pons Pons
5736 Cerebellum Cerebellum Cerebellum
5737 Isthmus rhombencephali Rhombencephalic isthmus Rhombencephalic isthmus
5738 Mesencephalon Mesencephalon Mesencephalon Midbrain
5739 Prosencephalon primarium Primary prosencephalon Primary prosencephalon Forebrain
5740 Prosencephalon caudale Caudal prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon
5741 Diencephalon Diencephalon Diencephalon
5742 Prosencephalon rostrale Prosencephalon secundarium Rostral prosencephalon Rostral prosencephalon Secondary prosencephalon
5743 Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus
5744 Telencephalon Telencephalon Telencephalon
5745 DIFFERENTIATIO EPITHELII Differentiatio neuroectodermatis DIFFERENTIATION OF NEURAL DIFFERENTIATION OF NEURAL Endnote 330
TUBI NEURALIS TUBE EPITHELIUM TUBE EPITHELIUM
5746 Phasis zonae unae One-zone phase One zone phase
5747 Zona ventricularis Matrix germinalis Ventricular zone Ventricular zone Germinal matrix
5748 Phasis zonarum duarum Two-zone phase Two zone phase

5751 Phasis zonarum trium Three-zone phase Three zone phase

5753 Zona intermedia Zona pallialis Intermediate zone Intermediate zone Mantle zone
5755 ANOMALIAE TUBI NEURALIS ANOMALIES OF NEURAL TUBE ANOMALIES OF NEURAL TUBE Neural tube defects
5756 Dysraphia Dysraphism Dysraphism
5757 Anomaliae tubi neuralis spinalis Spinal neural tube defects Spinal neural tube defects
5758 Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida cystica Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida cystica
5759 Myeloschisis Myeloschisis Myeloschisis
5760 Myelocoelia Myelocoele Myelocele
5761 Myelomeningocoelia Myelomeningocoele Myelomeningocele
5762 Meningocoelia Meningocoele Meningocele

5763 Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida occulta
5764 Hydromyelia Hydromyelia Hydromyelia
5765 Syndroma notochordae fissae Split notochord syndrome Split notochord syndrome
5766 Sinus dermalis dorsalis Dorsal dermal sinus Dorsal dermal sinus
5767 Diastematomyelia Diastematomyelia Diastematomyelia
5768 Lipoma spinalis Spinal lipoma Spinal lipoma
5769 Medulla spinalis catenata Tethered cord Tethered cord
5770 Dysgenesis medullae spinalis Caudal spinal cord dysgenesis Caudal spinal cord dysgenesis
caudalis
5771 Syndroma fili terminalis tenacis Tight filum terminale syndrome Tight filum terminale syndrome
5772 Lipoma fili terminalis Lipoma of filum terminale Lipoma of filum terminale
5773 Teratoma sacrococcygealis Sacrococcygeal teratoma Sacrococcygeal teratoma
5774 Syringomyelia terminalis Terminal syringomyelia Terminal syringomyelia
5775 Syndroma regressionis caudalis Caudal regression syndrome Caudal regression syndrome
5776 Anomaliae tubi neuralis Cranial neural tube defects Cranial neural tube defects
cranialis
5777 Anencephalia Anencephaly Anencephaly Meroencephaly
5778 Craniorachischisis totalis Craniorachischisis totalis Craniorachischisis totalis
5779 Craniorachischisis partialis Craniorachischisis partialis Craniorachischisis partialis
5780 Iniencephalia Iniencephaly Iniencephaly
5781 Encephalomeningocoelia Encephalomeningocoele Encephalomeningocele
5782 Meningocoelia cranialis Cranial meningocoele Cranial meningocele
5783 Malformationes crescentiae Chiari malformations Chiari malformations
cerebellaris
5784 Chiari I Chiari I Chiari I
5785 Chiari II Chiari II Chiari II Arnold-Chiari malformation; Arnold Endnote 331
Chiari malformation
5786 Chiari III Chiari III Chiari III
5787 Chiari IV Chiari IV Chiari IV
5788 MEDULLA SPINALIS SPINAL CORD SPINAL CORD

5789 Canalis centralis Central canal Central canal
5790 Recessus dorsalis Recessus posterior Dorsal recess Dorsal recess Posterior recess
5791 Recessus ventralis Recessus anterior Ventral recess Ventral recess Anterior recess
5792 Neuroepithelium Neuroepithelium Neuroepithelium
5793 Neuroepithelium dorsale Neuroepithelium posterius Dorsal neuroepithelium Dorsal neuroepithelium Posterior neuroepithelium
5794 Neuroepithelium intermedium Intermediate neuroepithelium Intermediate neuroepithelium
5795 Neuroepithelium ventrale Neuroepithelium anterius Ventral neuroepithelium Ventral neuroepithelium Anterior neuroepithelium
5796 Morphologia externa External features External features

5797 Sulcus medianus dorsalis Sulcus medianus posterior Dorsal median sulcus Dorsal median sulcus Posterior median sulcus
5798 Fissura mediana ventralis Fissura mediana anterior Ventral median fissure Ventral median fissure Anterior median fissure
5799 Conus medullaris Medullary cone Medullary cone
5800 Flexura cervicalis Cervical flexure Cervical flexure
5801 Intumescentia cervicalis Cervical enlargement Cervical enlargement
5802 Intumescentia lumbosacralis Lumbosacral enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement

5803 Limen inter systemata nervosa CNS-PNS interface CNS PNS interface
centrale et periphericum
5804 Punctum egressus radicis Motor exit point Motor exit point
motoriae
5805 Locus ingressus radicis dorsalis Sensory entry point Sensory entry point
5806 Morphologia interna Internal features Internal features

5807 Substantia grisea Grey matter Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance
5808 Columna dorsalis Columna posterior Dorsal column Dorsal column Posterior column
5809 Cornu dorsale Cornu posterius Dorsal horn Dorsal horn Posterior horn
5810 Substantia gelatinosa Substantia gelatinosa Substantia gelatinosa
5811 Nucleus thoracicus Nucleus dorsalis Thoracic nucleus Thoracic nucleus Dorsal nucleus §Clarke§
5812 Zona intermedia Intermediate zone Intermediate zone
5813 Cornu laterale Lateral horn Lateral horn
5814 Nucleus visceromotorius Visceromotor nucleus Visceromotor nucleus
5815 Columna ventralis Columna anterior Ventral column Ventral column Anterior column
5816 Cornu ventrale Cornu anterius Ventral horn Ventral horn Anterior horn
5817 Nucleus spinalis motorius Spinal accessory motor nucleus Spinal accessory motor nucleus
accessorius
5818 Nucleus somaticus efferens Somatic efferent nucleus Somatic efferent nucleus Motor nucleus
5819 Columna motoneurorum medialis Medial motoneuron column Medial motoneuron column
5820 Columna motoneurorum lateralis Lateral motoneuron column Lateral motoneuron column
5821 Aggregatio neurorum motorium Motor pool Motor pool
5822 Motoneuron Neuron motorium Motoneuron Motoneuron Motor neuron
5823 Motoneuron α α Motoneuron α Motoneuron
5824 Motoneuron β β Motoneuron β Motoneuron
5825 Motoneuron γ γ Motoneuron γ Motoneuron
5827 Substantia alba White matter White matter

5828 Funiculus dorsalis Funiculus posterior Dorsal funiculus Dorsal funiculus Posterior funiculus
5829 Septum medianum dorsale Septum medianum posterius Dorsal median septum Dorsal median septum Posterior median septum
5830 Zona ingressus radicis dorsalis Zona ingressus radicis posterioris Dorsal root entry zone Dorsal root entry zone Posterior root entry zone
5831 Zona collateralisationis dorsalis Zona collateralisationis posterioris Dorsal collateralization zone Dorsal collateralization zone Posterior collateralization zone
5832 Tractus dorsolateralis Tractus posterolateralis Dorsolateral tract Dorsolateral tract Posterolateral tract §Lissauer§
5833 Neurofibra ascendens Ascending nerve fibre Ascending nerve fiber
5834 Neurofibra descendens Descending nerve fibre Descending nerve fiber
5835 Funiculus lateralis Lateral funiculus Lateral funiculus
5836 Funiculus ventralis Funiculus anterior Ventral funiculus Ventral funiculus Anterior funiculus
5837 Commissura alba ventralis Commissura alba anterior Ventral white commissure Ventral white commissure Anterior white commissure
5838 Extensio glialis Glial extension Glial extension Glial outgrowth
5839 ANOMALIAE MEDULLAE ANOMALIES OF SPINAL CORD ANOMALIES OF SPINAL CORD

SPINALIS
5840 Amyelia Amyelia Amyelia
5841 Diplomyelia Diplomyelia Diplomyelia
5842 Diastematomyelia Split cord formation Split cord formation

5843 Syringomyelia Syringomyelia Syringomyelia
5844 Hydromyelia Hydromyelia Hydromyelia
5845 Medulla spinalis scissa Split cord deformity Split cord deformity
5846 HISTOGENESIS MEDULLAE HISTOGENESIS OF SPINAL HISTOGENESIS OF SPINAL

SPINALIS ET TRUNCI CORD AND BRAIN STEM CORD AND BRAIN STEM
ENCEPHALI
5848 Zona intermedia Zona pallialis Intermediate zone Intermediate zone Mantle zone
5850 Encephalon Brain Brain Endnote 332

5851 Vesicula encephalica Brain vesicle Brain vesicle
5852 Vesicula prosencephalica Forebrain vesicle Forebrain vesicle
5853 Vesicula mesencephalica Mesencephalic vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle
5854 Vesicula rhombencephalica Rhombencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle
5855 Placodae Placodes Placodes
5857 Placoda dorsolateralis Dorsolateral placode Dorsolateral placode
5858 Preneuromerus Preneuromere Preneuromere

5859 Prosencephalon secundarium Secondary prosencephalon Secondary prosencephalon
5861 Mesencephalon Mesencephalon Mesencephalon
5862 Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon
5863 Neuromerus Neuromere Neuromere

5864 Rhombomerus I-XI Rhombomere 1-11 Rhombomere 1-11 Rh1-Rh11 Endnote 333
5865 Neuromerus isthmicus Rhombomerus 0 Isthmic neuromere Isthmic neuromere Rhombomere 0; Rh0
5866 Mesomerus I, II Mesomere 1, 2 Mesomere 1, 2 M1, M2 Endnote 334
5867 Prosomerus I-III Prosomere 1-3 Prosomere 1-3 P1-P3 Endnote 335
5868 Prosomerus hypothalami et Hypothalamic and telencephalic Hypothalamic and telencephalic Hp1, Hp2 Endnote 336
telencephali I-II prosomeres 1, 2 prosomeres 1, 2
5869 Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon Rhombencephalon Hindbrain
5870 Rhombomerus Rhombomere Rhombomere
5871 Sulcus rhombicus Rhombic groove Rhombic groove
5872 Cavitas rhombencephalica Rhombencephalic cavity Rhombencephalic cavity
5874 Ventriculus quartus Fourth ventricle Fourth ventricle
5876 Fissura choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid fissure
5877 Plexus choroideus Choroid plexus Choroid plexus
5878 Diverticulum medianum Median diverticulum Median diverticulum
5879 Apertura mediana Median aperture Median aperture §Magendie§
5880 Diverticulum laterale Lateral diverticulum Lateral diverticulum
5881 Apertura lateralis Lateral aperture Lateral aperture §Luschka§

5882 Canalis centralis medullae Central canal of medulla Central canal of medulla
oblongatae
5883 Area postrema Area postrema Area postrema
5884 Zonae longitudinales nuclei Longitudinal zones of brain stem Longitudinal zones of brain
trunci encephali nuclei stem nuclei
5885 Nucleus somaticus afferens Special somatic afferent nucleus Special somatic afferent nucleus
proprius
5886 Nucleus vestibularis Vestibular nucleus Vestibular nucleus
5887 Nucleus cochlearis Cochlear nucleus Cochlear nucleus
5888 Nucleus somaticus afferens General somatic afferent nucleus General somatic afferent nucleus Somatosensory nucleus
5889 Nucleus principalis nervi Principal sensory nucleus of Principal sensory nucleus of
trigemini trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve
5890 Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini Spinal nucleus of trigeminal Spinal nucleus of trigeminal
nerve nerve
5891 Nucleus branchialis afferens Branchial afferent nucleus Branchial afferent nucleus Special viscerosensory nucleus
5892 Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus of solitary tract Nucleus of solitary tract
5893 Nucleus visceralis afferens Visceral afferent nucleus Visceral afferent nucleus General viscerosensory nucleus
5894 Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus of solitary tract Nucleus of solitary tract
5895 Nucleus visceralis efferens Visceral efferent nucleus Visceral efferent nucleus Visceromotor nucleus
5896 Nucleus branchialis efferens Branchial efferent nucleus Branchial efferent nucleus Branchiomotor nucleus; Special
visceral efferent nucleus
5897 Nucleus somaticus efferens Somatic efferent nucleus Somatic efferent nucleus
5898 Rhombomerus Rhombomeres Rhombomeres

5899 Rhombomerus VIII-XI Rhombomeres 8-11 Rhombomeres 8-11 Endnote 337
5900 Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Hypoglossal nerve nucleus Hypoglossal nerve nucleus
5901 Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus ambiguus
5902 Nucleus visceromotorius nervi vagi Nucleus posterior nervi vagi; Visceromotor nucleus of nervus Visceromotor nucleus of nervus Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve;
Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi vagus vagus Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
5903 Nucleus cuneatus Cuneate nucleus Cuneate nucleus
5904 Nucleus gracilis Gracile nucleus Gracile nucleus
5905 Rhombomerus VII Rhombomere 7 Rhombomere 7

5907 Rhombomerus VI Rhombomere 6 Rhombomere 6

5908 Nucleus nervi facialis Motor nucleus of facial nerve Motor nucleus of facial nerve
5909 Nucleus visceromotorius nervi Nucleus salivatorius inferior Visceromotor nucleus of Visceromotor nucleus of Inferior salivatory nucleus
glossopharyngei glossopharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal nerve
5910 Rhombomerus V Rhombomere 5 Rhombomere 5

5911 Nucleus nervi abducentis Abducens nerve nucleus Abducens nerve nucleus Abducent nerve nucleus
5912 Nucleus visceromotorius nervi Nucleus salivatorius superior Visceromotor nucleus of facial Visceromotor nucleus of facial Superior salivatory nucleus
facialis nerve nerve
5913 Rhombomerus IV Rhombomere 4 Rhombomere 4

5914 Nucleus pontis Pontine nucleus Pontine nucleus

5915 Rhombomerus III Rhombomere 3 Rhombomere 3
5917 Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
5918 Rhombomerus II Rhombomere 2 Rhombomere 2

5919 Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
5920 Rhombomerus I Rhombomere 1 Rhombomere 1

5921 Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus coeruleus
5922 Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata; Bulbus Myelencephalon Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata; Bulb

5924 Flexura cervicalis Cervical flexure Cervical flexure
5925 Flexura pontina Pontine flexure Pontine flexure
5926 Sulcus transversus Transverse rhombencephalic Transverse rhombencephalic
rhombencephali sulcus sulcus
5927 Pyramis Pyramid Pyramid
5928 Substantia grisea Grey substance Gray substance Grey matter; Gray matter
5930 Area membranacea caudalis Caudal membranous area Caudal membranous area
5931 Lamina alaris myelencephali Myelencephalic alar plate Myelencephalic alar plate
5932 Nucleus gracilis Gracile nucleus Gracile nucleus
5933 Nucleus cuneatus Cuneate nucleus Cuneate nucleus
5934 Labium rhomboideum laminae Rhombic lip of alar plate Rhombic lip of alar plate Endnote 338
alaris
5935 Labium rhomboideum caudale Lower rhombic lip Lower rhombic lip
5936 Corpus pontobulbare Pontobulbar body Pontobulbar body
5938 Nucleus cochlearis Cochlear nucleus Cochlear nucleus
5939 Complexus olivarius inferior Inferior olivary complex Inferior olivary complex
5940 Labium rhomboideum rostrale Upper rhombic lip Upper rhombic lip
5942 Lamina basalis Basal plate Basal plate
5943 Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Hypoglossal motor nucleus Hypoglossal motor nucleus
5945 Nucleus arcuatus Arcuate nucleus Arcuate nucleus
5946 Nucleus reticularis Reticular nucleus Reticular nucleus
5947 Formatio reticularis Reticular formation Reticular formation
5949 Substantia alba White substance White substance White matter

5950 Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Medial longitudinal fasciculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus
5951 Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle

5952 Decussatio lemniscorum Decussation of medial lemnisci Decussation of medial lemnisci Sensory decussation
medialium
5953 Decussatio pyramidum Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal decussation Motor decussation; Decussation of
corticospinal fibres; Decussation of
corticospinal fibers
5954 Metencephalon Metencephalon Metencephalon Pons and Cerebellum

5955 Lamina alaris metencephali Metencephalic alar plate Metencephalic alar plate
5956 Area membranacea rostralis Rostral membranous area Rostral membranous area
5958 Lamina basalis metencephali Metencephalic basal plate Metencephalic basal plate
5959 Tegmentum pontis Tegmentum of pons Tegmentum of pons Pontine tegmentum Endnote 339
5960 Tegmentum prepontinum Prepontine tegmentum Prepontine tegmentum Rh0-Rh2
5961 Nucleus parabrachialis Parabrachial nucleus Parabrachial nucleus
5962 Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus coeruleus
5963 Nucleus nervi trochlearis Trochlear nerve nucleus Trochlear nerve nucleus
5964 Nucleus raphes dorsalis Dorsal raphé nucleus Dorsal raphé nucleus
5965 Nucleus motorius nervi Motor nucleus of trigeminal Motor nucleus of trigeminal In Rh2
trigemini nerve nerve
5966 Tegmentum pontinum sensu Pontine tegmentum Pontine tegmentum Rh3,4
stricto
5967 Nucleus motorius nervi Motor nucleus of trigeminal Motor nucleus of trigeminal In Rh3
trigemini nerve nerve
5968 Nucleus raphes pontis Pontine raphé nucleus Pontine raphé nucleus
5969 Tegmentum retropontinum Retropontine tegmentum Retropontine tegmentum Rh5,6
5970 Nucleus nervi abducentis Abducens nerve nucleus Abducens nerve nucleus
5971 Nucleus nervi facialis Motor nucleus of facial nerve Motor nucleus of facial nerve
5972 Nucleus raphes magnus Raphé magnus nucleus Raphé magnus nucleus
5973 Pars basilaris pontis Basilar part of pons Basilar part of pons Basal pons
5974 Nuclei pontis Pontine nuclei Pontine nuclei
5975 Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Middle cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle
5976 Fibrae pontis transversae Transverse pontine fibres Transverse pontine fibers
5977 Cerebellum Cerebellum Cerebellum

5978 Primordia cerebelli Cerebellar primordia Cerebellar primordia
5979 Tuberculum cerebelli Cerebellar tubercle Cerebellar tubercle §Hochstetter§
Endnote 340
5980 Lamina cerebellaris Cerebellar plate Cerebellar plate
5981 Cerebellum intraventriculare Intraventricular part of Intraventricular part of Internal cerebellar protuberance §Hochstetter§
cerebellum cerebellum
5982 Cerebellum extraventriculare Extraventricular part of Extraventricular part of External cerebellar protuberance §Hochstetter§
5983 Lamina granularis externa External granular layer External granular layer Superficial matrix
5984 Eversio cerebelli Eversion of cerebellum Eversion of cerebellum
5985 Fissuratio cerebelli Fissuration of cerebellum Fissuration of cerebellum
5986 Fissura cerebelli Cerebellar fissure Cerebellar fissure
5987 Lobulatio cerebelli Lobulation of cerebellum Lobulation of cerebellum
5988 Lobulus cerebelli Cerebellar lobule Cerebellar lobule

5989 Foliatio cerebelli Foliation of cerebellum Foliation of cerebellum
5990 Folium cerebelli Cerebellar folium Cerebellar folium
5991 Subdivisiones cerebelli Subdivisions of cerebellum Subdivisions of cerebellum Endnote 341

5992 Vestibulocerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Vestibulocerebellum
5993 Spinocerebellum Spinocerebellum Spinocerebellum
5994 Pontocerebellum Pontocerebellum Pontocerebellum
5995 Vermis Vermis Vermis
5996 Hemispherium cerebelli Cerebellar hemisphere Cerebellar hemisphere
5997 Corpus cerebelli Corpus cerebelli Corpus cerebelli Body of cerebellum
5998 Lobus anterior Anterior lobe Anterior lobe
5999 Fissura prima Primary fissure Primary fissure
6000 Lobus posterior Posterior lobe Posterior lobe
6001 Fissura posterolateralis Posterolateral fissure Posterolateral fissure
6002 Lobus flocculonodularis Flocculonodular lobe Flocculonodular lobe
6003 Nucleus cerebelli Cerebellar nucleus Cerebellar nucleus
6004 HISTOGENESIS CEREBELLI HISTOGENESIS OF HISTOGENESIS OF

CEREBELLUM CEREBELLUM
6005 Compartimenta proliferativa Proliferative compartments Proliferative compartments
6006 Lamina alaris metencephali Metencephalic alar plate Metencephalic alar plate
6007 Zona ventricularis cerebelli Stratum germinale internum Ventricular zone of cerebellum Ventricular zone of cerebellum Internal germinal layer of
cerebelli cerebellum
6008 Stratum palliale cerebelli Mantle layer of cerebellum Mantle layer of cerebellum
6009 Labium rhomboideum laminae Rhombic lip of alar plate Rhombic lip of alar plate
alaris
6010 Stratum granulosum externum External granular layer of External granular layer of
cerebelli cerebellum cerebellum
6011 Typi cellularum Cell types Cell types

6012 Neuroblastus Neuroblast Neuroblast
6013 Neuron purkinjense immaturum Immature Purkinje cell Immature Purkinje cell
6014 Neuron nucleare cerebelli Immature cerebellar nuclear Immature cerebellar nuclear
immaturum neuron neuron
6015 Neuron golgiense magnum Immature large Golgi cell Immature large Golgi cell §Golgi§
immaturum Endnote 342
6016 Neuron golgiense parvum Immature small Golgi cell Immature small Golgi cell Endnote 343
immaturum
6017 Neuron corbiforme immaturum Immature basket cell Immature basket cell
6018 Neuron granulosum immaturum Immature granule cell Immature granule cell
6019 Translatio neuroblasti Neuroblast translation Neuroblast translation
6021 Glioblastus radialis Radial glioblast Radial glioblast
6022 Glioblastus radialis secundarius Secondary radial glioblast Secondary radial glioblast
6023 Phases histogeneticae Histogenetic phases Histogenetic phases Endnote 344


6026 Phasis zonarum duarum Two-zone phase Two zone phase
6027 Zona ventricularis Ventricular zone Ventricular zone
6028 Zona marginalis Stratum moleculare Marginal zone Marginal zone Molecular layer

6031 Zona intermedia Stratum palliale Intermediate zone Intermediate zone Mantle zone
6033 Phasis zonarum quattor Four-zone phase Four zone phase

6037 Stratum germinale externum External germinal layer of External germinal layer of
6038 Phasis zonarum quinque Five-zone phase Five zone phase

6041 Stratum purkinjense fetale Fetal Purkinje cell layer Fetal Purkinje cell layer
6042 Stratum moleculare Molecular layer Molecular layer
6043 Stratum germinale externum External germinal layer of External germinal layer of
6044 Phasis zonarum sex Six-zone phase Six zone phase

6046 Zona intermedia Substantia alba cerebelli Intermediate zone Intermediate zone Cerebellar white matter
6047 Stratum granulare internum Internal granular layer Internal granular layer
6048 Stratum purkinjense fetale Fetal Purkinje cell layer Fetal Purkinje cell layer
6050 Stratum germinale externum External granular layer of External granular layer of External granular layer
6051 Phasis definitiva Definitive phase Definitive phase

6052 Ependyma cerebellare Cerebellar ependyma Cerebellar ependyma
6053 Substantia alba cerebelli Cerebellar white matter Cerebellar white matter
6054 Stratum granulare internum Internal granular layer Internal granular layer
6055 Stratum purkinjense Purkinje cell layer Purkinje cell layer
6057 Stratum germinale externum External germinal later of External germinal later of External granular layer

6059 Conditor liminis inter Midbrain-hindbrain boundary Midbrainhindbrain boundary Isthmic organizer Endnote 345
mesencephalon et organizer organizer
rhombencephalon

6060 Neuromerus isthmicus Rhombomerus 0 Isthmic neuromere Isthmic neuromere Rhombomere 0
6061 Lamina dorsalis isthmica Isthmic roofplate Isthmic roofplate
6062 Velum medullare superius Superior medullary velum Superior medullary velum
6063 Lamina alaris isthmica Alar plate of isthmus Alar plate of isthmus
6064 Nucleus parabrachialis Parabrachial nucleus Parabrachial nucleus
6065 Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans
6066 Lamina basalis isthmica Basal plate of isthmus Basal plate of isthmus
6067 Nucleus nervi trochlearis Trochlear nerve nucleus Trochlear nerve nucleus
6068 Pars isthmica substantiae nigrae Isthmic part of substantia nigra Isthmic part of substantia nigra
6069 Lamina ventralis isthmica Floor plate of isthmus Floor plate of isthmus
6070 Recessus isthmicus Isthmic recess Isthmic recess
6071 Sulcus isthmicus Isthmic sulcus Isthmic sulcus
6072 Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle
6073 Mesencephalon Mesencephalon Mesencephalon Midbrain

6074 Cavitas mesencephalica Mesencephalic cavity Mesencephalic cavity
6075 Evaginatio mesencephalica Dorsal mesencephalic evagination Dorsal mesencephalic evagination
dorsalis
6076 Frenulum veli Frenulum veli Frenulum veli
6078 Aqueductus mesencephali Aqueductus cerebri Cerebral aqueduct Cerebral aqueduct Aqueduct of midbrain §Sylvius§
6079 Flexura mesencephalica Mesencephalic flexure Mesencephalic flexure
6080 Mesomerus II Mesomere 2 Mesomere 2
6081 Mesomerus I Mesomere 1 Mesomere 1
6083 Lamina alaris Alar plate Alar plate
6084 Tectum mesencephali Tectum of midbrain Tectum of midbrain Tectal midbrain
6085 Corpus bigeminum Corpus bigeminum Corpus bigeminum
6086 Crista collicularis Collicular ridge Collicular ridge
6087 Lamina tecti Lamina quadrigemina; Corpora Tectal plate Tectal plate Quadrigeminal plate; Colliculi
quadrigemina; Colliculi
6088 Colliculus superior Superior colliculus Superior colliculus
6089 Commissura colliculorum Superior collicular commissure Superior collicular commissure Commissure of superior colliculi
superiorum
6090 Colliculus inferior Inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus
6091 Commissura colliculorum Inferior collicular commissure Inferior collicular commissure Commissure of inferior colliculi
inferiorum
6092 Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi Mesencephalic nucleus of Mesencephalic nucleus of
trigemini trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve
6094 Tegmentum mesencephali Mesencephalic tegmentum Mesencephalic tegmentum
6095 Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Oculomotor nerve nucleus Oculomotor nerve nucleus
6096 Nucleus visceromotorius nervi Visceromotor nucleus of Visceromotor nucleus of Autonomic nucleus of oculomotor §Edinger-Westphal§
oculomotorii oculomotor nerve oculomotor nerve nerve
6097 Nucleus ruber Red nucleus Red nucleus
6098 Substantia nigra Substantia nigra Substantia nigra

6100 Decussatio pedunculorum Decussation of superior Decussation of superior
cerebellarium superiorum cerebellar peduncles cerebellar peduncles
6101 Pedunculus cerebri Crus cerebri Cerebral peduncle Cerebral peduncle Crus cerebri Endnote 346
6102 Anomaliae trunci encephali et Anomalies of brain stem and Anomalies of brain stem and
6103 Anomaliae trunci encephali Anomalies of brain stem Anomalies of brain stem Endnote 347
6104 Syringobulbia Syringobulbia Syringobulbia
6105 Disinnervationes congenitales Congenital cranial dysinnervation Congenital cranial dysinnervation CCDD Endnote 348
nervorum cranalium disorders disorders
6106 Anomaliae cerebelli Anomalies of cerebellum Anomalies of cerebellum

6107 Agenesis cerebelli Agenesis of cerebellum Agenesis of cerebellum Cerebellar agenesis
6108 Dysplasia cerebelli Cerebellar dysplasia Cerebellar dysplasia
6109 Hypoplasia cerebelli Hypoplasia of cerebellum Hypoplasia of cerebellum Cerebellar hypoplasia
6110 Dysraphia tectocerebellaris Tectocerebellar dysraphia Tectocerebellar dysraphia
6111 Rhombencephalosynapsis Rhombencephalosynapsis Rhombencephalosynapsis
6112 Malformatio vermis Malformation of vermis Malformation of vermis Endnote 349
6113 Agenesis vermis Agenesis of vermis Agenesis of vermis
6114 Hypoplasia vermis Hypoplasia of vermis Hypoplasia of vermis
6115 Malformatio hemispherii cerebelli Malformation of cerebellar Malformation of cerebellar
hemisphere hemisphere
6116 Hypoplasia pontocerebellaris Pontocerebellar hypoplasia Pontocerebellar hypoplasia
6117 Prosencephalon Forebrain Forebrain

6118 Divisiones prosencephali Subdivisions of prosencephalon Subdivisions of prosencephalon Endnote 350
6119 Prosencephalon primarium Primary prosencephalon Primary prosencephalon
6120 Prosencephalon caudale Caudal prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon
6121 Prosomerus diencephalicus Diencephalic prosomere Diencephalic prosomere
6122 Prosencephalon rostrale Prosencephalon secundarium Rostral prosencephalon Rostral prosencephalon Secondary prosencephalon
6123 Prosomeri hypothalamici et Hypothalamic and Hypothalamic and
telencephalici telencephalic prosomeres telencephalic prosomeres

6125 Divisiones diencephali Subdivisions of diencephalon Subdivisions of diencephalon Endnote 351
6126 Prosomerus I Prosomere 1 Prosomere 1 P1
6127 Pretectum Pars alaris prosomeri I Pretectum Pretectum Alar part of P1
6128 Tegmentum pretectale Pars basalis prosomeri I Pretectal tegmentum Pretectal tegmentum Basal part of P1
6129 Prosomerus II Prosomere 2 Prosomere 2 P2
6130 Epithalamus Pars alaris prosomeri II Epithalamus Epithalamus Alar part of P2
6131 Thalamus Pars alaris prosomeri II Thalamus Thalamus Alar part of P2
6132 Tegmentum thalami Pars basalis prosomeri II Thalamic tegmentum Thalamic tegmentum Basal part of P2
6133 Zona limitans intrathalamica Limes medius diencephali Zona limitans intrathalamica Zona limitans intrathalamica Mid-diencephalic boundary; Mid §Rendahl§
diencephalic boundary Endnote 352
6134 Prosomerus III Prosomere 3 Prosomere 3 P3
6135 Eminentia prethalamica Pars alaris prosomeri III Prethalamic eminence Prethalamic eminence Alar part of P3

6136 Prethalamus Pars alaris prosomeri III Prethalamus Prethalamus Alar part of P3
6137 Tegmentum prethalami Pars basalis prosomeri III Prethalamic tegmentum Prethalamic tegmentum Basal part of P3
6138 Tegmentum diencephali Tegmentum prerubrale Diencephalic tegmentum Diencephalic tegmentum Prerubral tegmentum
6139 Derivativa zonarum Derivatives of diencephalic Derivatives of diencephalic Endnote 353
longitudinalium diencephali longitudinal zones longitudinal zones
6141 Commissura posterior Posterior commissure Posterior commissure In P1
6142 Epiphysis cerebri Glandula pinealis Epiphysis Epiphysis Pineal gland In P2
6143 Commissura habenularum Habenular commissure Habenular commissure
6144 Tela choroidea Tela choroidea Tela choroidea In P2-P3

6146 Pretectum Pretectum Pretectum In P1
6147 Nuclei pretectales Pretectal nuclei Pretectal nuclei
6148 Nucleus commissurae Nucleus of posterior commissure Nucleus of posterior commissure Endnote 354
posterioris
6149 Epithalamus Epithalamus Epithalamus In P2
6150 Nucleus habenularis Habenular nucleus Habenular nucleus
6151 Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus In P2
6152 Nuclei thalami Thalamic nuclei Thalamic nuclei
6153 Nuclei anteriores thalami Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterior nuclei of thalamus Endnote 355
6154 Nucleus anterodorsalis Anterodorsal nucleus Anterodorsal nucleus
6155 Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Laterodorsal nucleus Laterodorsal nucleus
6156 Nuclei mediales thalami Medial nuclei of thalamus Medial nuclei of thalamus
6157 Nucleus mediodorsalis Mediodorsal nucleus Mediodorsal nucleus
6158 Nuclei intralaminares thalami Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus
6159 Nucleus centromedianus Centromedian nucleus Centromedian nucleus
6160 Nuclei laterales thalami Lateral nuclei of thalamus Lateral nuclei of thalamus
6161 Nucleus ventralis anterior Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus
6162 Nucleus ventrolateralis Anterior ventrolateral nucleus Anterior ventrolateral
anterior nucleus
6163 Nucleus ventralis Ventral posterolateral Ventral posterolateral
posterolateralis nucleus nucleus
6164 Nuclei periventriculares Periventricular nuclei of Periventricular nuclei of Midline nuclei
thalami thalamus thalamus
6165 Nucleus reuniens Nucleus reuniens Nucleus reuniens
6166 Nuclei posteriores thalami Posterior nuclei of thalamus Posterior nuclei of thalamus
6167 Pulvinar Pulvinar Pulvinar
6168 Nucleus lateralis posterior Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus
6169 Corpus geniculatum laterale Lateral geniculate body Lateral geniculate body
6170 Corpus geniculatum mediale Medial geniculate body Medial geniculate body
6171 Eminentia prethalamica Prethalamic eminence Prethalamic eminence In P3
6172 Stria medullaris prethalami Stria medullaris thalami Stria medullaris prethalami Stria medullaris prethalami Stria medullaris thalami
6173 Prethalamus Prethalamus Prethalamus In P3
6174 Nucleus reticularis prethalami Nucleus reticularis thalami Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of thalamus
6175 Zona incerta Zona incerta Zona incerta

6176 Lamina basalis Basal plate Basal plate In P1-P3
6177 Nucleus interstitialis Interstitial nucleus Interstitial nucleus §Cajal§
6178 Nucleus ellipticus Elliptic nucleus Elliptic nucleus §Darkschewitsch§
6179 Pars diencephalica substantiae Diencephalic part of substantia Diencephalic part of substantia Endnote 356
nigrae nigra nigra
6180 Lamina ventralis Floor plate Floor plate In P1-P3

6181 Pars diencephalica areae Diencephalic part of ventral Diencephalic part of ventral §Tsai§
tegmentalis ventralis tegmental area tegmental area

6183 Prosomeri hypothalamici et Hypothalamic and telencephalic Hypothalamic and telencephalic
telencephalici prosomeres prosomeres
6184 Prosencephalon secundarium Caudal secondary prosencephalon Caudal secondary prosencephalon
caudale
6185 Hypothalamus caudalis Hypothalamus peduncularis Caudal hypothalamus Caudal hypothalamus Peduncular hypothalamus
6186 Vesicula telencephalica Telencephalic vesicle Telencephalic vesicle
6187 Prosencephalon secundarium Rostral secondary prosencephalon Rostral secondary prosencephalon
rostrale
6188 Hypothalamus rostralis Hypothalamus terminalis Rostral hypothalamus Rostral hypothalamus Terminal hypothalamus
6189 Telencephalon preopticum Preoptic telencephalon Preoptic telencephalon
6190 Derivativa zonarum Derivatives of longitudinal zones Derivatives of longitudinal

longitudinalium prosencephali of secondary prosencephalon zones of secondary
secundarii prosencephalon
6193 Lamina commissuralis septalis Septal commissural plate Septal commissural plate
6194 Commissura anterior Anterior commissue Anterior commissue

6196 Pars alaris hypothalami caudalis Alar part of caudal hypothalamus Alar part of caudal hypothalamus
6197 Area paraventricularis Peduncular paraventricular area Peduncular paraventricular area
peduncularis
6198 Nucleus paraventricularis Paraventricular nucleus Paraventricular nucleus
6199 Area subparaventricularis Peduncular subparaventricular Peduncular subparaventricular
peduncularis area area
6200 Hypothalamus anterior Anterior hypothalamus Anterior hypothalamus
6201 Vesicula telencephalica Diverticulum telencephalicum Telencephalic vesicle Telencephalic vesicle Telencephalic diverticulum
6202 Pallium Pallium Pallium
6203 Pallium mediale Medial pallium Medial pallium
6204 Pallium dorsale Dorsal pallium Dorsal pallium
6205 Pallium laterale Lateral pallium Lateral pallium
6206 Pallium ventrale Ventral pallium Ventral pallium
6207 Subpallium Subpallium Subpallium
6208 Striatum Striatum Striatum
6209 Pallidum Pallidum Pallidum
6210 Area diagonalis Diagonal band area Diagonal band area

6211 Area preoptica Preoptic area Preoptic area
6212 Pars alaris hypothalami rostralis Alar part of rostral hypothalamus Alar part of rostral hypothalamus
6213 Area paraventricularis terminalis Terminal paraventricular area Terminal paraventricular area
6214 Nucleus supraopticus Supraoptic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus
6215 Area subparaventricularis Terminal subparaventricular area Terminal subparaventricular
terminalis area
6216 Nucleus suprachiasmaticus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus
6217 Telencephalon preopticum Telencephalon medium impar Preoptic telencephalon Preoptic telencephalon Unpaired telencephalon medium
6218 Crista neuralis anterior Anterior neural ridge Anterior neural ridge Endnote 357

6220 Pars basalis hypothalami caudalis Basal part of caudal hypothalamus Basal part of caudal hypothalamus
6221 Area retrotuberalis Retrotuberal area Retrotuberal area
6222 Hypothalamus posterior Posterior hypothalamus Posterior hypothalamus
6223 Area retromammillaris Retromammillary area Retromammillary area
6224 Nucleus subthalamicus Subthalamic nucleus Subthalamic nucleus §Luys§
6225 Pars basalis hypothalami rostralis Basal part of rostral hypothalamus Basal part of rostral hypothalamus
6226 Area tuberalis Tuberal area Tuberal area
6227 Pars neuralis hypophysis Neurohypophysis Neurohypophysis
6228 Area mammillaris Corpus mammillare Mammillary area Mammillary area Mammillary body
6230 PROSENCEPHALON PROSENCEPHALON PROSENCEPHALON

6231 Morphologia interna Internal features Internal features
6232 Cavitas prosencephalica Prosencephalic cavity Prosencephalic cavity Endnote 358
6233 Cavitas diencephalica Diencephalic cavity Diencephalic cavity
6234 Pars diencephalica ventriculi tertii Diencephalic part of third ventricle Diencephalic part of third ventricle Diencephalic part Endnote 359
6235 Paraphysis Paraphysis Paraphysis
6236 Recessus diencephali Diencephalic recesses Diencephalic recesses
6237 Diverticulum pineale Pineal diverticulum Pineal diverticulum
6238 Recessus pinealis Pineal recess Pineal recess
6239 Recessus suprapinealis Suprapineal recess Suprapineal recess
6240 Prominentia thalami Facies ventricularis thalami Thalamic prominence Thalamic prominence Thalamic ventricular surface
6241 Adhesio interthalamica Massa intermedia Interthalamic adhesion Interthalamic adhesion Massa intermedia
6242 Crista marginalis Crista limitans Marginal ridge Marginal ridge Limiting intrathalamic ridge Endnote 360
6243 Facies ventricularis prethalami Prethalamic ventricular surface Prethalamic ventricular surface
6244 Sulcus hypothalamicus Hypothalamic sulcus Hypothalamic sulcus §Monro§
Endnote 361
6248 Velum transversum Velum transversum Velum transversum Endnote 362
6249 Lamina affixa Lamina affixa Lamina affixa Endnote 363
6250 Cavitas hypothalamica Hypothalamic cavity Hypothalamic cavity

6251 Pars hypothalamica ventriculi tertii Hypothalamic part of third ventricle Hypothalamic part of third ventricle

6252 Recessus supramammillaris Recessus retromammillaris Supramammillary recess Supramammillary recess Retromammillary recess
6253 Recessus inframammillaris Recessus premammillaris Inframammillary recess Inframammillary recess Premammillary recess
6254 Recessus infundibuli Infundibular recess Infundibular recess
6255 Recessus preopticus Preoptic recess Preoptic recess
6256 Regio optica Optic region Optic region

6257 Sulcus opticus Optic groove Optic groove Optic sulcus
6258 Vesicula optica Optic vesicle Optic vesicle
6259 Cavitas vesiculae opticae Cavity of optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle
6260 Pedunculus opticus Optic stalk Optic stalk
6261 Cupula optica Optic cup Optic cup
6262 Cavitas cupulae opticae Cavity of optic cup Cavity of optic cup
6263 Tractus opticus Optic tract Optic tract
6264 Primordium chiasmatis Torus opticus Chiasmatic plate Chiasmatic plate
6265 Chiasma opticum Optic chiasm Optic chiasm Optic chiasma
6266 Commissura supraoptica Commissura postoptica Supraoptic commissure Supraoptic commissure Postoptic commissure
6267 Fissura optica Fissura retinae Optic fissure Optic fissure Retinal fissure
6268 Discus nervi optici Optic disc Optic disc
6269 Cavitas telencephalica Telencephalic cavity Telencephalic cavity

6270 Recessus preopticus Preoptic recess Preoptic recess
6271 Lamina terminalis Lamina terminalis Lamina terminalis

6272 Lamina terminalis embryonalis Embryonic lamina terminalis Embryonic lamina terminalis Endnote 364
6273 Massa commissuralis Massa commissuralis Massa commissuralis
6274 Lamina terminalis definitiva Definitive lamina terminalis Definitive lamina terminalis
6275 Lamina commissuralis Massa commissuralis septi Commissural plate Commissural plate Septal commissural plate
6276 Corpus callosum Corpus callosum Corpus callosum
6277 Commissura hippocampalis Hippocampal commissure Hippocampal commissure
6278 Commissura anterior Anterior commissure Anterior commissure
6279 Septum pellucidum Septum pellucidum Septum pellucidum
6280 Velum medullare mediale Medial medullary velum Medial medullary velum
6281 Cavum septi pellucidi rostrale Cavum septi pellucidi Rostral cavity of septum Rostral cavity of septum Endnote 365
pellucidum pellucidum
6282 Cavum septi pellucidi caudale Caudal cavity of septum Caudal cavity of septum Cavum vergae §Verga§
pellucidum pellucidum
6283 Torus hemisphericus Torus hemisphericus Torus hemisphericus Endnote 366
6284 Sulcus Diencephalic-telencephalic sulcus Diencephalic telencephalic sulcus
diencephalicotelencephalicus
6285 Ventriculus lateralis Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle

6286 Eminentia ventricularis lateralis Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis Lateral ventricular eminence Lateral ventricular eminence Lateral ganglionic eminence Endnote 367
6287 Sulcus intereminentialis Intereminential sulcus Intereminential sulcus
6288 Eminentia ventricularis medialis Eminentia ganglionaris medialis Medial ventricular eminence Medial ventricular eminence Medial ganglionic eminence Endnote 368
6289 Sulcus terminalis Terminal sulcus Terminal sulcus
6290 Eminentia ventricularis caudalis Eminentia ganglionaris caudalis Caudal ventricular eminence Caudal ventricular eminence Caudal ganglionic eminence Endnote 369
6291 Corpus gangliothalamicum Gangliothalamic body Gangliothalamic body Endnote 370

6292 Ventriculus lateralis Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle
6293 Corpus Body Body
6294 Cornu frontale Cornu anterius Frontal horn Frontal horn Anterior horn
6295 Cornu occipitale Cornu posterius Occipital horn Occipital horn Posterior horn
6296 Cornu temporale Cornu inferius Temporal horn Temporal horn Inferior horn
6297 Foramen interventriculare Interventricular foramen Interventricular foramen §Monro§
6298 Tela choroidea telencephalica Telencephalic tela choroidea Telencephalic tela choroidea
6301 Liquor cerebrospinalis Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid
6302 Organa circumventricularia Circumventricular organs Circumventricular organs

6303 Organum subfornicale Subfornical organ Subfornical organ
6304 Organum subcommissurale Subcommissural organ Subcommissural organ
6305 Organum vasculosum laminae Vascular organ of lamina Vascular organ of lamina
6306 Eminentia mediana Median eminence Median eminence
6307 PALLIUM PALLIUM PALLIUM Endnote 371

6308 Pallium dorsale Dorsal pallium Dorsal pallium
6309 Isocortex Neocortex Isocortex Isocortex Neocortex
6310 Pallium laterale Lateral pallium Lateral pallium Endnote 372
6311 Insula Insula Insula
6312 Claustrum Claustrum Claustrum
6313 Pallium mediale Medial pallium Medial pallium
6314 Formatio hippocampi Archicortex Hippocampal formation Hippocampal formation Archicortex
6315 Pallium ventrale Ventral pallium Ventral pallium
6316 Cortex olfactorius Cortex piriformis; Paleocortex Olfactory cortex Olfactory cortex Piriform cortex; Paleocortex
6317 Amygdala pallialis Pallial amygdala Pallial amygdala
6318 Allocortex Allocortex Allocortex
6319 Archicortex Archicortex Archicortex
6320 Paleocortex Paleocortex Paleocortex
6321 Isocortex Neocortex Isocortex Isocortex Neocortex
6322 Mesocortex Mesocortex Mesocortex
6323 Structurae olfactoriae Olfactory structures Olfactory structures

6324 Regio olfactoria Olfactory region Olfactory region
6325 Diverticulum olfactorium Olfactory diverticulum Olfactory diverticulum
6326 Ventriculus olfactorius Olfactory ventricle Olfactory ventricle
6327 Sulcus olfactorius Olfactory sulcus Olfactory sulcus Olfactory groove
6328 Bulbus olfactorius Olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb
6329 Bulbus olfactorius accessorius Accessory olfactory bulb Accessory olfactory bulb
6330 Tractus olfactorius Olfactory tract Olfactory tract
6331 Tuberculum olfactorium Olfactory tubercle Olfactory tubercle
6332 Stria olfactoria medialis Medial olfactory stria Medial olfactory stria
6333 Stria olfactoria lateralis Lateral olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria
6334 Cortex piriformis Piriform cortex Piriform cortex

6335 Septum Septum Septum
6336 HEMISPHERIUM CEREBRI CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

6338 Poli Poles Poles
6339 Polus frontalis Frontal pole Frontal pole
6340 Polus temporalis Temporal pole Temporal pole
6341 Polus occipitalis Occipital pole Occipital pole
6342 Plicatio corticalis Cortical folding Cortical folding
6343 Formatio sulcorum Sulcus formation Sulcus formation
6344 Fossa lateralis Lateral fossa Lateral fossa
6345 Sulci primarii Primary sulci Primary sulci
6346 Sulcus lateralis Lateral sulcus Lateral sulcus §Sylvius§
6347 Sulcus centralis Central sulcus Central sulcus §Rolando§
6348 Sulcus parietooccipitalis Parieto-occipital sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus
6349 Sulcus calcarinus Calcarine sulcus Calcarine sulcus
6350 Sulci secundarii Secondary sulci Secondary sulci Endnote 373
6351 Sulci tertii Tertiary sulci Tertiary sulci
6352 Area lobi frontalis Frontal lobe area Frontal lobe area
6353 Area lobi temporalis Temporal lobe area Temporal lobe area
6354 Area lobi occipitalis Occipital lobe area Occipital lobe area
6355 Area lobi parietalis Parietal lobe area Parietal lobe area
6356 Insula Insula Insula §Reil§
6357 Operculum frontoparietale Frontoparietal operculum Frontoparietal operculum
6358 Operculum temporale Temporal operculum Temporal operculum
6359 Neurofibrae corticales Cortical fibre tracts Cortical fibre tracts

6360 Pedunculus hemisphericus Hemispheric stalk Hemispheric stalk Endnote 374
6361 Fasciculus prosencephalicus Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus Endnote 375
lateralis
6362 Fasciculus prosencephalicus Medial prosencephalic fasciculus Medial prosencephalic fasciculus Medial forebrain bundle
medialis
6363 Capsula interna Internal capsule Internal capsule
6364 Tractus pyramidalis Pyramidal tract Pyramidal tract
6365 Tractus corticospinalis Corticospinal tract Corticospinal tract
6366 Tractus corticonuclearis Corticonuclear tract Corticonuclear tract
6367 Fibrae corticopontinae Corticopontine fibres Corticopontine fibers
6368 Fibrae thalamocorticales Thalamocortical fibres Thalamocortical fibers
6369 Capsula externa External capsule External capsule
6370 Fibrae associationis longae Long association fibres Long association fibers
6371 Fasciculus longitudinalis superior Superior longitudinal fasciculus Superior longitudinal fasciculus Endnote 376
6372 Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
6373 Fasciculus arcuatus Arcuate fasciculus Arcuate fasciculus
6374 Capsula extrema Capsula extrema Capsula extrema
6375 Cingulum Cingulum Cingulum

6376 Fasciculus uncinatus Uncinate fasciculus Uncinate fasciculus
6377 Formatio hippocampi Hippocampal formation Hippocampal formation

6378 Hippocampus primordialis Primordial hippocampus Primordial hippocampus
6379 Crista hippocampi Hippocampal ridge Hippocampal ridge
6380 Fissura hippocampi Hippocampal fissure Hippocampal fissure
6381 Area epithelialis Epithelial area Epithelial area
6382 Limbus corticalis Cortical hem Cortical hem Endnote 377
6383 Hippocampus precommissuralis Precommissural hippocampus Precommissural hippocampus
6384 Hippocampus supracommissuralis Supracommissural hippocampus Supracommissural hippocampus
6385 Vestigium hippocampi Rudimentum hippocampi Vestigial hippocampus Vestigial hippocampus Hippocampal rudiment
6386 Indusium griseum Indusium griseum Indusium griseum
6387 Stria longitudinalis medialis Taenia tecti Medial longitudinal stria Medial longitudinal stria Taenia tecti
6388 Stria longitudinalis lateralis Taenia libera Lateral longitudinal stria Lateral longitudinal stria Taenia libera §Lancisi§
6389 Hippocampus retrocommissuralis Hippocampus proprius Retrocommissural hippocampus Retrocommissural hippocampus Hippocampus proper
6390 Cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA1-CA3) CA1-CA3 fields CA1-CA3 fields
6391 Gyrus dentatus Dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus
6392 Subiculum Subiculum Subiculum
6393 Presubiculum Presubiculum Presubiculum
6394 Fornix Fornix Fornix
6395 Crus fornicis Crus of fornix Crus of fornix
6396 Corpus fornicis Body of fornix Body of fornix
6397 Columna fornicis Column of fornix Column of fornix
6398 SUBPALLIUM SUBPALLIUM SUBPALLIUM

6399 Dominationes histogeneticae et Histogenetic domains and Histogenetic domains and Endnote 378
derivativae derivatives derivatives
6400 Striatum Striatum Striatum
6401 Nucleus caudatus Caudate nucleus Caudate nucleus
6402 Putamen Putamen Putamen
6403 Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens
6404 Pallidum Pallidum Pallidum

6405 Globus pallidus Globus pallidus Globus pallidus
6406 Pars externa globi pallidi External part of globus pallidus External part of globus pallidus
6407 Pars interna globi pallidi Internal part of globus pallidus Internal part of globus pallidus
6408 Pallidum ventrale Ventral pallidum Ventral pallidum
6409 Pars basalis telencephali Basal forebrain Basal forebrain

6410 Nucleus striae diagonalis Nucleus of diagonal band Nucleus of diagonal band §Broca§
6411 Nucleus basalis Basal nucleus Basal nucleus §Meynert§
6412 Nuclei septales Septal nuclei Septal nuclei
6413 Regio preoptica Preoptic region Preoptic region

6414 Nuclei preoptici Preoptic nuclei Preoptic nuclei
6415 Amygdala Amygdala Amygdala Endnote 379

6416 Amygdala pallialis Pallial amygdala Pallial amygdala
6417 Nuclei basolaterales Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral nuclear group
6418 Nucleus basolateralis Basolateral amygdalar nucleus Basolateral amygdalar nucleus
amygdalae
6419 Nucleus basomedialis Basomedial amygdalar nucleus Basomedial amygdalar
amygdalae nucleus
6420 Nucleus lateralis amygdalae Lateral amygdalar nucleus Lateral amygdalar nucleus
6421 Nuclei corticales Cortical nuclei Cortical nuclei
6422 Nucleus corticalis amygdalae Anterior cortical amygdalar Anterior cortical amygdalar
anterior nucleus nucleus
6423 Nucleus corticalis amygdalae Posterior cortical amygdalar Posterior cortical amygdalar
posterior nucleus nucleus
6424 Amygdala subpallialis Subpallial amygdala Subpallial amygdala
6425 Nuclei centromediales Centromedial nuclear group Centromedial nuclear group
6426 Nucleus centralis amygdalae Central amygdalar nucleus Central amygdalar nucleus
6427 Nucleus medialis amygdalae Medial amygdalar nucleus Medial amygdalar nucleus
6428 Amygdala extenta Extended amygdala Extended amygdala
6429 Nucleus striae terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis
6430 Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Sublenticular extended Sublenticular extended
amygdala amygdala
6431 HISTOGENESIS ISOCORTICIS HISTOGENESIS OF ISOCORTEX HISTOGENESIS OF ISOCORTEX

6432 Compartimenta proliferativa Proliferative compartments Proliferative compartments
6434 Zona subventricularis Subventricular zone Subventricular zone
6435 Limbus corticalis Cortical hem Cortical hem
6436 Stratum granulare subpiale Subpial granular layer Subpial granular layer §Ranke§
Endnote 380
6437 Typi cellularum Cell types Cell types

6438 Cellula neuroepithelialis Neuroepithelial cell Neuroepithelial cell
6439 Cellula neuralis staminalis Neural stem cell Neural stem cell
6440 Cellula mitotica Mitotic cell Mitotic cell
6441 Cellula migrans Migrating cell Migrating cell
6442 Neuroblastus Neuroblast Neuroblast
6444 Glioblastus radialis Radial glial cell Radial glial cell Primary progenitor cell Endnote 381
6446 Neuron immaturum apolare Immature apolar neuron Immature apolar neuron
6448 Neuron immaturum bipolare Immature bipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron
6449 Neuron immaturum multipolare Immature multipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron
6450 Glioblastus radialis externus Outer radial glial cell Outer radial glial cell Endnote 382
6451 Cellula progenetrix intermedia Intermediate progenitor cell Intermediate progenitor cell
6452 Cellula progenetrix intermedia Neuron-producing intermediate Neuron producing intermediate
neurogenica progenitor cell progenitor cell
6453 Cellula progenetrix intermedia Oligodendrocyte-producing Oligodendrocyte producing
oligodendrocytogenica intermediate progenitor cell intermediate progenitor cell

6454 Cellula progenetrix intermedia Astrocyte-producing intermediate Astrocyte producing intermediate
astrocytogenica progenitor cell progenitor cell
6455 Neuron horizontale Horizontal cell Horizontal cell §Cajal-Retzius§
6456 Phases histogeneticae Histogenetic phases Histogenetic phases Endnote 383

6459 Phasis zonae duarum Two-zone phase Two zone phase

6461 Prelamina Stratum plexiforme primordiale Preplate Preplate Primordial plexiform layer

6464 Zona intermedia Zona pallialis Intermediate zone Intermediate zone
6465 Prelamina Preplate Preplate
6466 Phasis zonarum quattor Four-zone phase Four zone phase

6469 Zona intermedia Zona pallialis Intermediate zone Intermediate zone
6470 Prelamina Preplate Preplate
6471 Phasis zonarum sex Six-zone phase Six zone phase

6474 Zona subventricularis interna Inner subventricular zone Inner subventricular zone
6475 Zona subventricularis externa Outer subventricular zone Outer subventricular zone
6477 Zona sublaminaris Subplate zone Subplate zone
6478 Lamina corticalis Cortical plate Cortical plate
6480 Stratum granulare subpiale Subpial granular layer Subpial granular layer §Ranke§
6481 Phasis definitiva Definitive phase Definitive phase

6482 Stratum ependymale Ependymal layer Ependymal layer
6484 Substantia alba White matter White matter White substance
6485 Strata VI-II primordialia isocorticis Primordial layers VI-II of isocortex Primordial layers VI-II of isocortex
6486 Stratum I primordiale isocorticis Primordial layer I of isocortex Primordial layer I of isocortex
6487 ANOMALIAE PROSENCEPHALI ANOMALIES OF FOREBRAIN ANOMALIES OF FOREBRAIN

6488 Aprosencephalia Aprosencephaly Aprosencephaly
6489 Atelencephalia Atelencephaly Atelencephaly
6490 Holoprosencephalia Holoprosencephaly Holoprosencephaly
6491 Holoprosencephalia lobaris Lobar holoprosencephaly Lobar holoprosencephaly
6492 Holoprosencephalia semilobaris Semilobar holoprosencephaly Semilobar holoprosencephaly

6493 Holoprosencephalia alobaris Alobar holoprosencephaly Alobar holoprosencephaly
6494 Dysplasia septooptica Septo-optic dysplasia Septooptic dysplasia
6495 Arhinencephalia Arhinencephaly Arhinencephaly
6496 Tractus sinusoideus Cranial dermal sinus tract Cranial dermal sinus tract
craniodermalis
6497 Anomaliae corticis cerebri Anomalies of cerebral cortex Anomalies of cerebral cortex Malformations of cortical Endnote 384
development
6498 Microcephalia Microcephaly Microcephaly
6499 Microlissencephalia Microlissencephaly Microlissencephaly
6500 Megalencephalia Megalencephaly Megalencephaly
6501 Hemimegalencephalia Hemimegalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly
6502 Heterotopia Heterotopia Heterotopia
6503 Heterotopia nodularis Periventricular nodular Periventricular nodular
periventricularis heterotopia heterotopia
6504 Heterotopia nodularis Bilateral periventricular nodular Bilateral periventricular nodular
periventricularis bilateralis heterotopia heterotopia
6505 Heterotopia leptomeningealis Leptomeningeal heterotopia Leptomeningeal heterotopia
6506 Lissencephalia Lissencephaly Lissencephaly
6507 Lissencephalia classica Classic lissencephaly Classic lissencephaly
6508 Heterotopia laminaris Subcortical band heterotopia Subcortical band heterotopia
subcorticalis
6509 Lissencephalia cum hypoplasia Lissencephaly with cerebellar Lissencephaly with cerebellar
cerebelli hypoplasia hypoplasia
6510 Agyria-pachygyria Cobblestone lissencephaly Cobblestone lissencephaly
6511 Polymicrogyria Polymicrogyria Polymicrogyria
6512 Dysplasia corticalis focalis Focal cortical dysplasia Focal cortical dysplasia
6513 Malformationes neurofibrae Disorders of cortical Disorders of cortical

corticales connectivity connectivity
6514 Anomaliae corporis callosi Anomalies of corpus callosum Anomalies of corpus callosum
6515 Agenesis corporis callosi Agenesis of corpus callosum Agenesis of corpus callosum
6516 Fasciculus longitudinalis Longitudinal callosal fascicle Longitudinal callosal fascicle §Probst§
callosalis Endnote 385
6517 Dysgenesis corporis callosi Dysgenesis of corpus callosum Dysgenesis of corpus callosum
6518 Hypoplasia corporis callosi Hypoplasia of corpus callosum Hypoplasia of corpus callosum
6519 Anomaliae formationis tractus Developmental disorders of Developmental disorders of
pyramidalis pyramidal tract pyramidal tract
6520 Agenesis tractus pyramidalis Agenesis of pyramidal tract Agenesis of pyramidal tract
6521 Pyramides absentes Absence of pyramids Absence of pyramids
6522 Aplasia tractus pyramidalis Aplasia of pyramidal tract Aplasia of pyramidal tract
6523 Hypoplasia tractus pyramidalis Hypoplasia of pyramidal tract Hypoplasia of pyramidal tract
6524 Hyperplasia tractus pyramidalis Hyperplasia of pyramidal tract Hyperplasia of pyramidal tract
6525 Anomaliae decussationis Anomalies of decussation Anomalies of decussation Endnote 386
6526 Decussatio totalis tractus Complete decussation of Complete decussation of
pyramidalis pyramidal tract pyramidal tract
6527 Decussatio tractus pyramidalis Non-decussation of pyramidal Nondecussation of pyramidal
absens tract tract

6528 Anomaliae myelinisationis Myelination disorders Myelination disorders
6529 Hypomyelinisatio Hypomyelination Hypomyelination
6530 Pars peripherica Systema nervosum periphericum Peripheral nervous Peripheral nervous PNS
system system
6533 Cellula cristae neuralis Neural crest cell Neural crest cell
6534 Cellula neuraliscristaeformis Neural crest-like cell Neural crestlike cell Endnote 387
6535 Epithelium tubi neuralis Neurectoderma; Ectoderma Neural tube epithelium Neural tube epithelium Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm
neuralis
6536 Tubus neuralis primarius Primary neural tube Primary neural tube
6537 Crista neuralis primaria Primary neural crest Primary neural crest
6538 Tubus neuralis secundarius Secondary neural tube Secondary neural tube
6539 Crista neuralis secundaria Secondary neural crest Secondary neural crest
6542 Placoda nasalis Placoda olfactori Nasal placode Nasal placode Nasal disc; Olfactory placode
6543 Vesicula otica Otic vesicle Otic vesicle Otocyst
6546 Epithelium cristae neuralis Neural crest epithelium Neural crest epithelium
6547 Textus cristae neuralis Neural crest tissue Neural crest tissue
6548 Crista neuralis cranialis Cranial neural crest Cranial neural crest
6549 Complexus cristae neuralis nasalis Nasal neural crest complex Nasal neural crest complex
6550 Complexus cristae neuralis Olfactory neural crest complex Olfactory neural crest complex
olfactoriae
6551 Complexus cristae neuralis Terminal neural crest complex Terminal neural crest complex
terminalis
6552 Complexus cristae neuralis Vomeronasal neural crest Vomeronasal neural crest
vomeronasalis complex complex
6553 Complexus cristae neuralis opticae Optic neural crest complex Optic neural crest complex
6554 Crista neuralis preotica Preotic neural crest Preotic neural crest
6555 Complexus cristae neuralis Mesencephalic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest
6556 Crista neuralis isthmica Isthmic neural crest Isthmic neural crest
rhombencephalica
6558 Complexus cristae neuralis Trigeminal neural crest Trigeminal neural crest
trigeminalis complex complex
6559 Complexus cristae neuralis Facial neural crest complex Facial neural crest complex
facialis
6560 Complexus cristae neuralis oticae Otic neural crest complex Otic neural crest complex

6561 Complexus cristae neuralis Faciovestibulocochlear neural Faciovestibulocochlear neural
faciovestibulocochlearis crest complex crest complex
6562 Complexus cristae neuralis Vestibulocochlear neural crest Vestibulocochlear neural crest
vestibulocochlearis complex complex
6563 Complexus cristae neuralis Vestibular neural crest Vestibular neural crest
vestibularis complex complex
6564 Complexus cristae neuralis Cochlear neural crest Cochlear neural crest
cochlearis complex complex
6565 Crista neuralis postotica Postotic neural crest Postotic neural crest
6566 Complexus cristae neuralis Glossopharyngeal neural crest Glossopharyngeal neural crest
glossopharyngealis complex complex
6567 Complexus cristae neuralis Vagal neural crest complex Vagal neural crest complex
vagalis
cardiacae
6569 Crista neuralis nervi accessoria Neural crest of accessory nerve Neural crest of accessory nerve
6570 Crista neuralis hypoglossalis Crista neuralis occipitalis Hypoglossal neural crest Hypoglossal neural crest Occipital neural crest
6571 Crista neuralis spinalis Spinal neural crest Spinal neural crest
6572 Crista neuralis truncalis Truncal neural crest Truncal neural crest
6573 Crista neuralis lumbosacralis Lumbosacral neural crest Lumbosacral neural crest
6574 Cellulae textus neuralis Neural tissue cells Neural tissue cells
6575 Neuroblastus ganglionicus Ganglionic neuroblast Ganglionic neuroblast
6576 Neuron ganglionicum Immature ganglionic neuron Immature ganglionic neuron
immaturum
6577 Gliocytus ganglionicus primordialis Primordial ganglionic satellite cell Primordial ganglionic satellite cell
6578 Schwannoblastus Schwannocytus primordialis Schwannoblast Schwannoblast Primordial Schwann cell
6579 Placodae neurogenicae Neurogenic placodes Neurogenic placodes

6580 Placoda epipharyngea Epipharyngeal placode Epipharyngeal placode Epibranchial placode
6582 Placoda intermedia Intermediate placode Intermediate placode
6583 Placoda ventrolateralis Ventrolateral placode Ventrolateral placode
6585 Placoda otica Otic placode Otic placode Otic disc
6586 Fovea otica Otic pit Otic pit
6587 Vesicula otica Otocystis Otic vesicle Otic vesicle Otocyst
6588 Placoda trigeminalis Trigeminal placode Trigeminal placode
6589 Placoda profunda Placoda profunda Placoda profunda
6590 Placoda facialis Facial placode Facial placode
6591 NN. OLFACTORIUS ET OLFACTORY AND OLFACTORY AND

VOMERONASALIS VOMERONASAL NERVES VOMERONASAL NERVES
6592 Crista neuralis olfactoria Olfactory neural crest Olfactory neural crest
6593 Cellula olfactoria staminalis Cellula olfactoria precursoria Olfactory stem cell Olfactory stem cell

immaturum
6599 Glioblastus olfactorius implicans Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing glioblast
6600 Cellula olfactoria implicans Gliocytus olfactorius implicans Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing glial cell;
OEC
6601 Fila olfactoria Olfactory nerves Olfactory nerves
6602 Epithelium vomeronasale Vomeronasal epithelium Vomeronasal epithelium
vomeronasale
6605 Cellula vomeronasalis sustinens Vomeronasal supporting cell Vomeronasal supporting cell
6606 Glioblastus vomeronasalis Vomeronasal ensheathing Vomeronasal ensheathing
implicans glioblast glioblast
6607 Cellula vomeronasalis implicans Vomeronasal ensheathing cell Vomeronasal ensheathing cell
6608 N. vomeronasalis Vomeronasal nerve Vomeronasal nerve
6609 N. TERMINALIS TERMINAL NERVE TERMINAL NERVE
6612 Cellula nervi terminalis implicans Gliocytus nervi terminalis implicans Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve Ensheathing glial cell of terminal
nerve
6613 GANGLIA SENSORIA SENSORY GANGLIA SENSORY GANGLIA

6614 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of craniospinal Primordia of craniospinal
craniospinalium sensoriorum sensory ganglia sensory ganglia
6615 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of cranial sensory Primordia of cranial sensory
sensoriorum nervorum ganglia ganglia
cranialium
6616 Ganglioblastus cranialis Cranial ganglioblast Cranial ganglioblast
6617 Primordium ganglii trigeminalis Primordium of trigeminal Primordium of trigeminal
ganglion ganglion
6618 Ganglioblastus trigeminalis Trigeminal ganglioblast Trigeminal ganglioblast
6619 Ganglion trigeminale Ganglion semilunare Trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal ganglion Semilunar ganglion §Gasser§
6620 Primordium ganglii geniculi Primordium of geniculate Primordium of geniculate
ganglion ganglion
6621 Ganglioblastus facialis Facial ganglioblast Facial ganglioblast
6622 Ganglion geniculi Geniculate ganglion Geniculate ganglion
6623 Primordium ganglii cochleae Primordium ganglii spiralis Primordium of cochlear Primordium of cochlear Primordium of spiral ganglion;
cochleae; Primordium ganglii ganglion ganglion Primordium of acoustic ganglion
acustici
6624 Ganglioblastus cochlearis Cochlear ganglioblast Cochlear ganglioblast
6625 Ganglion cochleare Ganglion acusticum Cochlear ganglion Cochlear ganglion Acoustic ganglion §Corti§
6626 Primordium ganglii vestibularis Primordium of vestibular Primordium of vestibular
ganglion ganglion
6627 Ganglioblastus vestibularis Vestibular ganglioblast Vestibular ganglioblast
6628 Ganglion vestibulare Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion §Scarpa§

6629 Ganglia nervi glossopharyngei Glossopharyngeal ganglia Glossopharyngeal ganglia
6630 Primordium ganglii superioris Primordium of superior Primordium of superior
nervi glossopharyngei glossopharyngeal ganglion glossopharyngeal ganglion
6631 Ganglion superius nervi Superior glossopharyngeal Superior glossopharyngeal §Ehrenritter§
glossopharyngei ganglion ganglion
6632 Primordium ganglii inferioris Primordium of inferior Primordium of inferior
nervi glossopharyngei glossopharyngeal ganglion glossopharyngeal ganglion
6633 Ganglion inferius nervi Ganglion petrosum Inferior glossopharyngeal Inferior glossopharyngeal Petrosal ganglion §Andersch§
glossopharyngei ganglion ganglion
6634 Ganglioblastus Glossopharyngeal Glossopharyngeal
glossopharyngeus ganglioblast ganglioblast
6635 Ganglia nervi vagi Vagal ganglia Vagal ganglia
6636 Primordium ganglii superioris Primordium of superior vagal Primordium of superior vagal
nervi vagi ganglion ganglion
6637 Ganglion superius nervi vagi Superior vagal ganglion Superior vagal ganglion
6638 Primordium ganglii inferioris Primordium of inferior vagal Primordium of inferior vagal
nervi vagi ganglion ganglion
6639 Ganglion inferius nervi vagi Ganglion nodosum Inferior vagal ganglion Inferior vagal ganglion Nodose ganglion
6640 Ganglioblastus vagalis Vagal ganglioblast Vagal ganglioblast
6641 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of spinal ganglia Primordia of spinal ganglia Primordia of dorsal root ganglia
sensoriorum nervorum
spinalium
6642 Ganglioblastus spinalis Spinal ganglioblast Spinal ganglioblast
6643 Primordium ganglii cervicalis Primordium of cervical ganglion Primordium of cervical
ganglion
6644 Primordium ganglii thoracici Primordium of thoracic Primordium of thoracic
ganglion ganglion
6645 Primordium ganglii lumbalis Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion
6646 Primordium ganglii sacralis Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion
6647 Primordium ganglii coccygei Primordium of coccygeal Primordium of coccygeal
ganglion ganglon
6648 Ganglion radicis dorsalis Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal root ganglion
6649 NEURON SENSORIUM SENSORY NEURON SENSORY NEURON
6650 Neuron immaturum sensorium Immature sensory neuron Immature sensory neuron
6651 Neuron immaturum bipolare Immature peripheral bipolar Immature peripheral bipolar
periphericum neuron neuron
6653 Neuron afferens Afferent neuron Afferent neuron
6654 Neuron unipolare Unipolar neuron Unipolar neuron
6655 Processus centralis Central process Central process
6656 Processus periphericus Peripheral process Peripheral process
6657 Neuron immaturum craniale Immature cranial neuron Immature cranial neuron
6658 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature special somatic Immature special somatic
somaticum speciale afferent neuron afferent neuron
6659 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature general somatic Immature general somatic
somaticum commune afferent neuron afferent neuron
6660 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature pharyngeal afferent Immature pharyngeal afferent Immature special visceral afferent
pharyngeum neuron neuron neuroblast

6661 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature general visceral Immature general visceral
viscerale commune afferent neuron afferent neuron
6662 Neuron immaturum spinale Immature spinal neuron Immature spinal neuron
6663 Neuron immaturum radicis Neuron immaturum radicis Immature dorsal root neuron Immature dorsal root neuron Immature posterior root neuron;
dorsalis posterioris; Neuron immaturum Immature sensory root neuron;
sensorium
6664 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature somatic afferent Immature somatic afferent
somaticum neuron neuron
6665 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature visceral afferent Immature visceral afferent
viscerale neuron neuron
6666 Neuron sensorium Sensory neuron Sensory neuron
6667 Terminatio neuralis sensoria Sensory nerve ending Sensory nerve ending
6668 Terminatio neuralis libera Free nerve ending Free nerve ending
6669 Neuron afferens Chemodifferentiated afferent Chemodifferentiated afferent
chemodifferentiatum neuron neuron
6670 Glioblastus ganglionaris spinalis Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast
implicans cell cell
6671 MOTONEURON Neuron motorium MOTOR NEURON MOTOR NEURON

6672 Neuron efferens Efferent neuron Efferent neuron
6673 Neuron immaturum efferens Immature somatic efferent neuron Immature somatic efferent neuron
somaticum
6674 Neuron motorium nonmaturum Immature motor neuron Immature motor neuron
6675 Motoneuron Neuron motorium Motor neuron Motor neuron
6676 Motoneuron α Neuron efferens α α motoneuron α motoneuron α efferent neuron
6677 Motoneuron β Neuron efferens β β motoneuron β motoneuron β efferent neuron
6678 Motoneuron γ Neuron efferens γ γ motoneuron γ motoneuron γ efferent neuron
6679 Junctio neuromuscularis Synapsis neuromuscularis Neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular synapse; Motor
end plate
6680 Plica postsynaptica Postsynaptic fold Postsynaptic fold
6681 Vesicula synaptica Synaptic vesicle Synaptic vesicle
6682 Neuron immaturum efferens Immature general visceral Immature general visceral
viscerale commune efferent neuron efferent neuron
6683 Neuron immaturum efferens Immature special visceral Immature special visceral
pharyngeale efferent neuron efferent neuron
6684 Neuron immaturum efferens Immature general somatic Immature general somatic
somaticum commune efferent neuron efferent neuron
6685 AXON AXON AXON Endnote 388

6686 Axon ramificatum Branched axon Branched axon
6687 Telodendron Terminal arborization Terminal arborization
6688 Axon explorans Pathfinder axon Pathfinder axon
6689 Axon bifurcatum Bifurcatio axonis Axon bifurcation Axon bifurcation
6690 Conus crescentiae axonis Axon growth cone Axon growth cone
6691 Fasciculus axonum Axon bundle Axon bundle
6692 NEUROFIBRA NERVE FIBRE NERVE FIBER

6693 Neurofibra peripherica Peripheral nerve fibre Peripheral nerve fiber

6694 Neurofibra afferens Afferent nerve fibre Afferent nerve fiber Sensory nerve fibre; Sensory nerve
fiber
6695 Neurofibra efferens Efferent nerve fibre Efferent nerve fiber Motor nerve fibre; Motor nerve fiber
6696 Fasciculus neurofibrarum Nerve fibre bundle Nerve fiber bundle
6697 N. PERIPHERICUS PERIPHERAL NERVE PERIPHERAL NERVE

6698 Partes nervi peripherici Elements of peripheral nerve Elements of peripheral nerve
6699 N. cranialis Cranial nerve Cranial nerve
6700 N. pretrematicus Pretrematic nerve Pretrematic nerve
6701 N. posttrematicus Posttrematic nerve Posttrematic nerve
6702 Radix nervi Nerve root Nerve root
6703 Radicula nervi Nerve rootlet Nerve rootlet
6704 Truncus nervi cranialis Cranial nerve trunk Cranial nerve trunk
6705 Divisio nervi cranialis Cranial nerve division Cranial nerve division
6706 N. spinalis segmentalis Segmental spinal nerve Segmental spinal nerve
6707 Radicula ventralis Radicula anterior; Radicula motoria Ventral rootlet Ventral rootlet Anterior rootlet; Motor rootlet
6708 Radicula dorsalis Radicula posterior; Radicula Dorsal rootlet Dorsal rootlet Posterior rootlet; Sensory rootlet
sensoria
6709 Radix ventralis Radix anterior; Radix motoria Ventral root Ventral root Anterior root; Motor root
6710 Radix dorsalis Radix posterior; Radix sensoria Dorsal root Dorsal root Posterior root; Sensory root
6711 Cauda equina Cauda equina Cauda equina
6712 Truncus nervi spinalis Trunk of spinal nerve Trunk of spinal nerve
6713 Rr. nervi spinalis Spinal nerve branches Spinal nerve branches
6714 R. dorsalis R. posterior Dorsal ramus Dorsal ramus Posterior ramus
6715 R. ventralis R. anterior Ventral ramus Ventral ramus Anterior ramus
6716 R. nervosus motorius N. motorius; R. muscularis Motor branch Motor branch Motor nerve; Muscular branch
6717 R. nervosus sensorius N. sensorius Sensory branch Sensory branch Sensory nerve
6718 R. nervosus mixtus Mixed branch Mixed branch
6719 Plexus nervorum periphericorum Plexus nervorum spinalium Peripheral nerve plexus Peripheral nerve plexus Spinal nerve plexus
6720 Plexus cervicalis Cervical plexus Cervical plexus
6721 Plexus brachialis Brachial plexus Brachial plexus
6722 Plexus lumbosacralis Lumbosacral plexus Lumbosacral plexus
6723 Plexus lumbalis Lumbar plexus Lumbar plexus
6724 Plexus sacralis Sacral plexus Sacral plexus
6725 Plexus coccygeus Coccygeal plexus Coccygeal plexus
6726 Plexus dorsalis Dorsal plexus Dorsal plexus
6727 LOCUS TRANSITIONIS INTER CNS – PNS TRANSITIONAL CNS PNS TRANSITIONAL ZONE CNS-PNS TZ; TZ
SYSTEMA NERVOSUM ZONE
CENTRALE ET SYSTEMA
NERVOSUM PERIPHERICUM
6728 Glia limitans presumptiva Presumptive glia limitans Presumptive glia limitans Presumptive external limiting
membrane
6729 Projectus textus centralis Central tissue projection Central tissue projection
6730 Locus ingressus radicis dorsalis Locus ingressionis radicis Dorsal root entry zone Dorsal root entry zone Posterior root entry zone; DREZ
posterioris
6731 Taenia conexa radicularum Taenia conexa radicularum Dorsal rootlet attachment zone Dorsal rootlet attachment zone Posterior rootlet attachment zone
dorsalium posteriorium

6732 Locus transitionis radicis ventralis Locus transitionis radicis motoriae; Ventral root transitional zone Ventral root transitional zone Motor root transitional zone;
Locus transitionis radicis anterioris Anterior root transitional zone
6733 Punctum egressus ventralis Punctum egressus motorium; Ventral rootlet exit point Ventral rootlet exit point Motor rootlet exit point ; Anterior
Punctum egressus anterioris rootlet exit point
6734 Taenia egressus radicularum Taenia egressus radicularum Ventral rootlet exit zone Ventral rootlet exit zone Motor rootlet exit zone; Anterior
ventralium motoriarum; Taenia egressus rootlet exit zone
radicularum anteriorium
6735 Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam Ventral rootlet cell cluster Ventral rootlet cell cluster Motor rootlet cell cluster; Anterior Endnote 389
ventralem motoriam; Acervatio cellularum ad rootlet cell cluster
radiculam anteriorem
6736 Cellula pilleoli liminis Boundary cap cell Boundary cap cell
6737 GLIOCYTI PERIPHERICI PERIPHERAL GLIAL CELLS PERIPHERAL GLIAL CELLS Endnote 390
6738 Linea generationis Schwann cell lineage Schwann cell lineage
schwannocytorum
6740 Schwannocytus nonmaturus Immature Schwann cell Immature Schwann cell
6741 Schwannocytus perifascicularis Perifascicular epithelioid Perifascicular epithelioid Endnote 391
epithelioidalis Schwann cell Schwann cell
6742 Schwannocytus segregans Segregating Schwann cell Segregating Schwann cell Endnote 392
6743 Schwannocytus involvens Ensheathing schwann cell Ensheathing schwann cell Endnote 392
6744 Schwannocytus Mature Schwann cell Mature Schwann cell Schwannocytus maturus
Endnote 392
6745 Lamina basalis schwannocyti Lamina basalis strati endoneurialis Schwann cell basal lamina Schwann cell basal lamina Endoneurial layer basal lamina
6746 Schwannocytus Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Endnote 392
nonmyelinopoieticus
6747 Schwannocytus myelinopoieticus Myelinating Schwann cell Myelinating Schwann cell Endnote 392
6748 Schwannocytus premyelinatus Schwannocytus promyelinatus Premyelinating Schwann cell Premyelinating Schwann cell Promyelinating Schwann cell Endnote 392
6749 Schwannocytus isolatus Isolated Schwann cell Isolated Schwann cell Endnote 392
6750 Schwannocytus terminalis Cellula teloglialis Terminal Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Terminal glial cell Endnote 392
6751 Glioblastus ganglionaris spinalis Glioblastus ganglionaris radicis Dorsal root ganglion ensheathing Dorsal root ganglion ensheathing Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast
implicans dorsalis implicans blast cell blast cell cell
6752 MYELINISATIO MYELINATION MYELINATION

6753 Schwannocytus uniaxonalis Uniaxonal Schwann cell Uniaxonal Schwann cell Endnote 393
6754 Segmentum axonis Axon segment Axon segment
6755 Neurofibra nonmyelinata Nonmyelinated fibre Nonmyelinated fiber
6756 Neurofibra premyelinata Neurofibra promyelinata Premyelinated fibre Premyelinated fiber Promyelinated fibre; Promyelinated
fiber
6757 Mesaxon Mesaxon Mesaxon
6758 Extensio mesaxonis Mesaxonal elongation Mesaxonal elongation
6759 Spiralisatio mesaxonis Spiralisation of mesaxon Spiralisation of mesaxon
6760 Inceptio myelinopoiesis Onset of myelination Onset of myelination
6762 Extrusum cytoplasmatis Extrusion of Schwann cell Extrusion of Schwann cell
schwannocyti cytoplasm cytoplasm
6763 Myelinum condensum Myelinum compactum Compact myelin Compact myelin

6764 Neurofibra myelinata Neurofibra myelinata peripherica Myelinated fibre Myelinated fiber Peripheral myelinated fibre;
Peripheral myelinated fiber
6765 Mesaxon externum External mesaxon External mesaxon
6766 Mesaxon internum Internal mesaxon Internal mesaxon
6767 Lamella myelini Stratum myelini Myelin lamella Myelin lamella Myelin layer
6768 Linea densa major Major dense line Major dense line
6769 Linea densa minor Minor dense line Minor dense line
6770 Nodus Nodus interruptionis myelini Node Node §Ranvier§
6771 Paranodus Paranode Paranode Paranodal region
6772 Heminodus Heminode Heminode
6773 Segmentum internodale Internode Internode Internodal segment
6774 Incrementum manicae myelini Myelin sheath growth Myelin sheath growth
6775 Formatio nodi Formatio nodi interruptionis myelini Node development Node development
6776 Segregatio canalium ionicorum Ion channel segregation Ion channel segregation Endnote 394
6777 Fissura nodalis Node gap Node gap
6778 Substantia fissurae nodalis Node gap substance Node gap substance
6779 Pes terminalis Infundibulum paranodale End-foot Endfoot Paranodal pocket
6780 Segmentum juxtanodale Juxtanodal segment Juxtanodal segment
6781 Microvillus schwannocyti Schwann cell microvillus Schwann cell microvillus
6782 Attenuatio axonis Axon attenuation Axon attenuation
6783 Stratum densum subaxolemmale Subaxolemmal density Subaxolemmal density
6784 FORMATIO UNITATIS MOTOR UNIT DEVELOPMENT MOTOR UNIT DEVELOPMENT

MOTORIAE
6785 Axon appositum ad scopum Axon appositum ad musculum Axon-target contact Axon target contact Axon–muscle contact; Axonmuscle
contact
6786 Synaptogenesis Synaptogenesis Synaptogenesis
6787 Eliminatio synapsium Elimination of superfluous Elimination of superfluous Endnote 395
superfluarum synapses synapses
6788 Competitio synaptica Synaptic competition Synaptic competition
6789 Synapsis neuromuscularis Junctio neuromuscularis Neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular synapse
6790 Pars autonomica Autonomic part of Autonomic part of

systematis nervosi peripheral nervous peripheral nervous
peripherici system system
6791 CELLULAE AUTONOMICAE AUTONOMIC PRECURSOR AUTONOMIC PRECURSOR
PRECURSORES CELLS CELLS
6793 Linea generationis cellularum Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Sympatho-adrenal cell lineage;
sympathicosuprarenalium Sympathoadrenal cell lineage
6794 Ganglioblastus autonomicus Autonomic ganglioblast Autonomic ganglioblast
6795 Ganglioblastus sympathicus Sympathetic ganglioblast Sympathetic ganglioblast
6796 Neuron immaturum afferens Immature general visceral afferent Immature general visceral afferent
viscerale commune neuron neuron
6797 Neuron immaturum sympathicum Immature preganglionic Immature preganglionic
preganglionare sympathetic neuron sympathetic neuron

6798 Neuron immaturum sympathicum Sympathoblastus Immature postganglionic Immature postganglionic Sympathoblast
postganglionare sympathetic neuron sympathetic neuron
6799 Sympathoblastus parvus Small sympathoblast Small sympathoblast
6800 Sympathoblastus intermedius Intermediate sympathoblast Intermediate sympathoblast
6801 Sympathoblastus magnus Large sympathoblast Large sympathoblast
6803 Neuron immaturum Parasympathoblastus Immature preganglionic Immature preganglionic
parasympathicum preganglionare parasympathetic neuron parasympathetic neuron
6804 Ganglioblastus parasympathicus Parasympathetic ganglioblast Parasympathetic ganglioblast
6805 Neuron immaturum Parasympathoblastus Immature postganglionic Immature postganglionic Parasympathoblast
parasympathicum postganglionare parasympathetic neuron parasympathetic neuron
6806 Glioblastus ganglionaris Autonomic ganglion-ensheathing Autonomic ganglion ensheathing
autonomicus blast cell blast cell
6807 Neuron autonomicum Chemodifferentiated autonomic Chemodifferentiated autonomic
chemodifferentiatum neuron neuron
6808 Medulloblastus suprarenalis Suprarenal medulloblast Suprarenal medulloblast
6809 Phaeochromocytoblastus Phaeochromocytoblast Phaeochromocytoblast
6810 Blastus cellulae Sympathochromaffin blast cell Sympathochromaffin blast cell
sympathochromaffinae
6811 Paraganglion Paraganglion Paraganglion
6813 Pars visceromotoria systematis Visceromotor system Visceromotor system
nervosi peripherici
6814 GANGLION AUTONOMICUM AUTONOMIC GANGLION AUTONOMIC GANGLION

6815 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of autonomic ganglia Primordia of autonomic ganglia
autonomicorum
6816 Capsula ganglii Ganglionic capsule Ganglionic capsule
6817 Stroma ganglii Stroma of ganglion Stroma of ganglion
6818 Ganglion sympathicum Sympathetic ganglion Sympathetic ganglion
6819 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of sympathetic ganglia Primordia of sympathetic ganglia
sympathicorum
6820 Primordia gangliorum trunci Primordia of sympathetic trunk Primordia of sympathetic trunk
sympathici ganglia ganglia
6821 Primordium ganglii cervicalis Primordium of superior cervical Primordium of superior cervical
superioris ganglion ganglion
6822 Primordium ganglii cervicalis Primordium of middle cervical Primordium of middle cervical
medii ganglion ganglion
6823 Primordium ganglii cervicalis Primordium of inferior cervical Primordium of inferior cervical
inferioris ganglion ganglion
6824 Primordium ganglii Primordium ganglii stellati Primordium of cervicothoracic Primordium of cervicothoracic Primordium of stellate ganglion
cervicothoracici ganglion ganglion
6825 Ganglion stellatum Stellate ganglion Stellate ganglion
6826 Primordium ganglii thoracici Primordium of thoracic ganglion Primordium of thoracic ganglion
6827 Primordium ganglii lumbalis Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion
6828 Primordium ganglii sacralis Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion
6829 Primordium ganglii imparis Primordium of ganglion impar Primordium of ganglion impar

6830 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of sympathetic visceral Primordia of sympathetic visceral
sympathicorum visceralium ganglia ganglia
6831 Ganglion coeliacum Coeliac ganglion Celiac ganglion
6832 Ganglion mesentericum superius Superior mesenteric ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion
6833 Ganglion mesentericum inferius Inferior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion
6834 Ganglion aorticorenale Aorticorenal ganglion Aorticorenal ganglion
6835 Ganglion parasympathicum Parasympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic ganglion

6836 Primordia gangliorum Primordia of parasympathetic Primordia of parasympathetic
parasympathicorum ganglion ganglion
6837 Primordium ganglii terminalis Primordium of terminal ganglion Primordium of terminal ganglion
6838 Primordium ganglii ciliaris Primordium of ciliary ganglion Primordium of ciliary ganglion
6839 Primordium ganglii episcleralis Primordia of episcleral ganglion Primordia of episcleral ganglion
6840 Primordium ganglii Primordium of pterygopalatine Primordium of pterygopalatine
pterygopalatini ganglion ganglion
6841 Primordium ganglii Primordium of submandibular Primordium of submandibular
submandibularis ganglion ganglion
6842 Primordium ganglii sublingualis Primordium of sublingual Primordium of sublingual
ganglion ganglion
6843 Primordium ganglii otici Primordium of otic ganglion Primordium of otic ganglion
6844 Primordium ganglii pelvici Primordia of pelvic ganglion Primordia of pelvic ganglion
6845 Primordium ganglii visceralis Primordia of visceral ganglion Primordia of visceral ganglion
6846 Neuron autonomicum Autonomic neuron Autonomic neuron
6847 AXONA ET FASCICULI AUTONOMIC AXONS AND AUTONOMIC AXONS AND

AUTONOMICI FASCICULI FASCICULI
6848 Truncus sympathicus Sympathetic trunk Sympathetic trunk
6849 R. interganglionicus Interganglionic branch Interganglionic branch
6850 Primordium trunci sympathici Primordium of sympathetic trunk Primordium of sympathetic trunk
6851 Axon preganglionicum Preganglionic axon Preganglionic axon
6852 Neurofibra preganglionica Preganglionic nerve fibre Preganglionic nerve fiber
6853 R. communicans albus White ramus communicans White ramus communicans
6854 Axon postganglionicum Postganglionic axon Postganglionic axon
6855 Neurofibra postganglionica Postganglionic nerve fibre Postganglionic nerve fiber
6856 Neurofibra autonomica Autonomic nerve fibre Autonomic nerve fiber
6857 R. communicans griseus Grey ramus communicans Grey ramus communicans; Gray
ramus communicans
6858 Plexus sympathicus Sympathetic plexus Sympathetic plexus
6859 Plexus autonomicus Autonomic plexus Autonomic plexus
6860 Ganglion autonomicum Autonomic ganglion Autonomic ganglion
6861 Systema nervosum entericum Enteric nervous system Enteric nervous system
6863 Ganglioblastus entericus Enteric ganglioblast Enteric ganglioblast
6864 Neuron immaturum entericum Immature enteric neuron Immature enteric neuron
6865 Plexus entericus ganglionaris Ganglionic enteric plexus Ganglionic enteric plexus Enteric nerve plexus

6867 Plexus nervosus submucosus Outer submucous plexus Outer submucous plexus §Schabadasch§
externus
6868 Plexus nervosus submucosus Inner submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus §Meissner§
internus
6869 Glioblastus entericus Cellula implicans enterica Enteric glioblast Enteric glioblast Enteric ensheathing cell
6870 Glia enterica Enteric glia Enteric glia
6871 Gliocytus entericus Enteric glial cell Enteric glial cell
6872 Ganglion entericum Enteric ganglion Enteric ganglion
6873 Plexus entericus aganglionaris Aganglionic enteric plexus Aganglionic enteric plexus
6874 Textus connectivi nervi Connective tissues of peripheral Connective tissues of peripheral
peripherici nerve nerve
6877 Mesenchyma dermatomyotomiale Dermatomyotomal mesenchyme Dermatomyotomal mesenchyme
6880 Ectoderma embryonicum anuli Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical
6882 Endoneurium Endoneurium Endoneurium
6883 Epineurium Epineurium Epineurium
6884 Perineurium Perineurium Perineurium
6886 Fibroblastus endoneurialis Endoneurial fibroblast Endoneurial fibroblast Endnote 396
6887 Fibroblastus epineurialis Epineurial fibroblast Epineurial fibroblast
6888 Fibroblastus perineurialis Perineurial fibroblast Perineurial fibroblast
6889 Vagina endoneurialis Endoneurial sheath Endoneurial sheath
6890 Lamina basalis vaginae Endoneurial sheath basal lamina Endoneurial sheath basal lamina
endoneurialis
6891 Perineurioblastus Perineurial blast cell Perineurial blast cell
6892 Perineuriocytus Perineurial cell Perineurial cell
6893 Macrophagocytus Macrophage Macrophage Endnote 397
6894 ANOMALIAE SYSTEMATIS ANOMALIES OF PERIPHERAL ANOMALIES OF PERIPHERAL

NERVOSI PERIPHERICI NERVOUS SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
6895 Anomaliae myelinisationis Myelination disorders Myelination disorders
6896 Hypomyelinisatio Hypomyelination Hypomyelination
6897 Absentia myelini Absence of myelin Absence of myelin
6898 Hypomyelinisatio congenita Congenital hypomyelination Congenital hypomyelination Endnote 398
6899 Polyneuropathia congenita Congenital hypomyelinating Congenital hypomyelinating §Dejerine-Sottas§
hypomyelinisatione polyneuropathy polyneuropathy
6900 Dysmyelinisatio Dysmyelination Dysmyelination
6901 Neuropathia peripherica congenita Hereditary peripheral neuropathy Hereditary peripheral neuropathy
6902 Neuropathiae motoriae et Hereditary motor and sensory Hereditary motor and sensory §Charcot-Marie-Tooth§
sensoriae congenitae neuropathies neuropathies

6903 Paralysis congenita Congenital abducens-facial Congenital abducensfacial §Möbius§
abducentofacialis paralysis paralysis
6904 Atrophia neuroni motorii congeniti Congenital motor neuron atrophy Congenital motor neuron atrophy
6905 Neuronopathia motoria Hereditary motor neuronopathy Hereditary motor neuronopathy §Werdnig-Hoffmann§
hereditaria
6906 Atrophia infantilis spinalis Acute infantile spinal muscular Acute infantile spinal muscular §Werdnig-Hoffmann§
musculorum acuta atrophy atrophy
6907 Agenesis nervi peripherici Agenesis of peripheral nerve Agenesis of peripheral nerve
6908 Agenesis nervi cranialis Cranial nerve agenesis Cranial nerve agenesis
6909 Agenesis nervi spinalis Spinal nerve agenesis Spinal nerve agenesis
6910 Hypoplasia nervi peripherici Hypoplasia of peripheral nerve Hypoplasia of peripheral nerve
6911 Hypoplasia nervi cranialis Cranial nerve hypoplasia Cranial nerve hypoplasia
6912 Hypoplasia nervi spinalis Spinal nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve hypoplasia
6913 Anomaliae crescentiae Growth anomalies Growth anomalies

6914 N. periphericus duplicatus Duplicated peripheral nerve Duplicated peripheral nerve
6915 N. periphericus triplicatus Triplicated peripheral nerve Triplicated peripheral nerve
6916 N. periphericus plexiformis Plexiform peripheral nerve Plexiform peripheral nerve
6917 Conexus abnormalis inter nervos Anomalous connection between Anomalous connection between
periphericos peripheral nerves peripheral nerves
6918 Distributio abnormalis fascis Anomalous spinal segmental fibre Anomalous spinal segmental fiber
neurofibrarum spinalium bundle distribution bundle distribution
segmentalium
6919 Cursus abnormalis nervi Anomalous peripheral nerve Anomalous peripheral nerve
peripherici course course
6920 Dislocatio congenita nervi Congenital peripheral nerve Congenital peripheral nerve
peripherici displacement displacement
6921 Dislocatio plexus Plexus displacement Plexus displacement
6922 Plexus brachialis prepositus Brachial plexus prefixation Brachial plexus prefixation
6923 Plexus brachialis postpositus Brachial plexus postfixation Brachial plexus postfixation
6924 Plexus lumbosacralis prepositus Lumbosacral plexus prefixation Lumbosacral plexus prefixation
6925 Plexus lumbosacralis Lumbosacral plexus postfixation Lumbosacral plexus postfixation
postpositus
6926 Anomaliae systematis nervosi Enteric nervous system Enteric nervous system
enterici anomalies anomalies
6927 Dysautonomia familiaris Familial dysautonomia Familial dysautonomia §Riley Day§
Endnote 399
6928 Dysplasia neuronalis intestinalis Intestinal neuronal dysplasia Intestinal neuronal dysplasia
6929 Neurofibroma Neurofibroma Neurofibroma
6930 Defectus systematis nervosi Deficiencies of postduodenal Deficiencies of postduodenal
enterici post duodenalis enteric nervous system enteric nervous system
6931 Aganglionosis coli Colonic aganglionosis Colonic aganglionosis §Hirschprung§
6932 Aganglionosis coli completa Total colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis §Zuelzer-Wilson§
6933 Aganglionosis coli partialis Partial colonic aganglionosis Partial colonic aganglionosis
6934 Megacolon congenitum Congenital megacolon Congenital megacolon §Hirschprung§

6935 Dysplasia neuronalis coli Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic neuronal dysplasia
6936 Hypoganglionosis coli Colonic hypoganglionosis Colonic hypoganglionosis Colonic hypogangliosis
6937 Organa sensuum Sense organs Sense organs

6938 Organum olfactorium Organum olfactus Olfactory organ Olfactory organ
6939 Ectoderma capitis Ectoderm of head Ectoderm of head
6943 N. olfactorius Olfactory nerve Olfactory nerve

6944 Cellula olfactoria staminalis Cellula olfactoria precursoria Olfactory stem cell Olfactory stem cell
6946 Neuron olfactorium immaturum Immature olfactory neuron Immature olfactory neuron
6947 Cellula progenetrix interneuroni Olfactory bulb interneuron Olfactory bulb interneuron
bulbi olfactorii progenitor cell progenitor cell
6948 Interneuron bulbi olfactorii Olfactory bulb interneuron Olfactory bulb interneuron
6950 Epitheliocytus basalis olfactorius Olfactory basal epithelial cell Olfactory basal epithelial cell
6951 Glioblastus olfactorius implicans Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing glioblast
6952 Cellula olfactoria implicans Gliocytus olfactorius implicans Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing glial cell;
OEC
6953 Filum olfactorium Olfactory nerve bundle Olfactory nerve bundle
6958 Obturamentum epitheliale Nasal epithelial plug Nasal epithelial plug
nasale
6959 Pulvillus conchalis Conchal cushion Conchal cushion
6960 Diverticulum paranasale Paranasal diverticulum Paranasal diverticulum
6961 Primordium olfactorium Olfactory primordium Olfactory primordium
6962 ANOMALIAE ORGANI OLFACTORY ORGAN OLFACTORY ORGAN

OLFACTORII ANOMALIES ANOMALIES
6963 Defectus nervi olfactorii Olfactory nerve deficiency Olfactory nerve deficiency
6964 Bulbus olfactorius absens Olfactory bulb absence Olfactory bulb absence
6965 Hypoplasia bulbi olfactorii Olfactory bulb hypoplasia Olfactory bulb hypoplasia
6966 Tractus olfactorius absens Olfactory tract absence Olfactory tract absence
6967 Hypoplasia tractus olfactorii Olfactory tract hypoplasia Olfactory tract hypoplasia
6968 Organum vomeronasale Vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal organ §Jacobson§

6970 Complexus cristae neuralis Vomeronasal neural crest complex Vomeronasal neural crest complex
vomeronasalis

6971 Primordium organi Primordium of vomeronasal Primordium of vomeronasal
vomeronasalis organ organ
6973 Cupula vomeronasalis Vomeronasal cup Vomeronasal cup
6974 Organum vomeronasale tubulare Tubular vomeronasal organ Tubular vomeronasal organ
6975 Ductus organi vomeronasalis Vomeronasal duct Vomeronasal duct
6976 Epithelium vomeronasale Vomeronasal epithelium Vomeronasal epithelium

vomeronasale
6980 Glioblastus implicans Vomeronasal ensheathing Vomeronasal ensheathing
vomeronasalis glioblast glioblast
6981 Cellula implicans vomeronasalis Vomeronasal ensheathing cell Vomeronasal ensheathing cell
6982 N. terminalis Terminal nerve Terminal nerve

6985 Glioblastus implicans nervi Ensheathing glioblast of terminal Ensheathing glioblast of terminal
terminalis nerve nerve
6986 Cellula implicans nervi Gliocytus nervi terminalis Ensheathing cell of terminal Ensheathing cell of terminal Ensheathing glial cell of terminal
terminalis implicans nerve nerve nerve
6987 Organum gustatorium Organum gustus Gustatory organ Gustatory organ

6988 GEMMA GUSTATORIA Caliculus gustatorius TASTE BUD TASTE BUD
6989 Epithelium oropharyngeum Oropharyngeal epithelium Oropharyngeal epithelium
6990 Primordium gemmae gustatoriae Primordium of taste bud Primordium of taste bud
6991 Neurofibra perigemmalis Perigemmal nerve fibre Perigemmal nerve fiber
6992 Neurofibra intragemmalis Intragemmal nerve fibre Intragemmal nerve fiber
6993 Cellula perigemmalis Perigemmal cell Perigemmal cell
6994 Porus gustatorius primordialis Primordial taste pore Primordial taste pore
6995 Epitheliocytus extensus Elongated nondifferentiated Elongated nondifferentiated cell
nondifferentiatus epithelial cell
6996 Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi I Type I gustatory epithelial cell Type I gustatory epithelial cell
6997 Epitheliocytus sensorius Type II gustatory sensory Type II gustatory sensory
gustatorius typi II epithelial cell epithelial cell
6998 Epitheliocytus sensorius Type III gustatory sensory Type III gustatory sensory
gustatorius typi III epithelial cell epithelial cell
6999 Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi IV Epitheliocytus basalis Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell
7000 Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi V Epitheliocytus sustenans Type V gustatory epithelial cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Marginal epithelial cell
7001 Porus gustatorius Taste pore Taste pore
7002 Oculus et structurae pertinentes Eye and related structures Eye and related structures
7003 BULBUS OCULI EYEBALL EYEBALL
7004 Campus oculi Eye field Eye field

7005 Epithelium tubi neuralis Neurectoderma; Ectoderma Neural tube epithelium Neural tube epithelium Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm
neurale
7006 Primordium opticum Optic primordium Optic primordium
7009 Cavitas vesiculae opticae Cavity of optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle
7010 Spatium intraretinale Intraretinal space Intraretinal space Intraretinal cleft Endnote 400
7011 Discus retinalis Retinal disc Retinal disc
7013 N. opticus Optic nerve Optic nerve
7014 Discus nervi optici Optic disc Optic disc
7016 Labrum cupulae opticae Optic cup lip Optic cup lip
7017 Lamina externa cupulae External cup layer External cup layer
7018 Cavitas cupulae opticae Cavity of optic cup Cavity of optic cup
7019 Camera vitrea Camera postrema Vitreous chamber Vitreous chamber Postremal chamber
7020 Lamina interna cupulae Internal cup layer Internal cup layer
7021 Fissura optica Fissura retinae Retinal fissure Retinal fissure Optic fissure
7022 Ectoderma capitis Ectoderm of head Ectoderm of head
7023 Epithelium anterius corneae Corneal epithelium Corneal epithelium
7024 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium
7026 Lamina limitans anterior Anterior limiting lamina Anterior limiting lamina §Bowman§
7027 Cellula staminalis cornealis Cellula cornealis precursoria Corneal stem cell Corneal stem cell
7028 Placoda lentis Discus lentis Lens placode Lens placode Lens disc
7029 Fovea lentis Lens pit Lens pit
7030 Vesicula lentis Lens vesicle Lens vesicle
7031 Cavitas lentis Lens cavity Lens cavity
7032 Cavitas lentis figurata D D-shaped lens cavity Dshaped lens cavity
7033 Cavitas crescentiformis lentis Crescent-shaped lens cavity Crescent shaped lens cavity
7034 Cavitas lentis clausa Closed lens cavity Closed lens cavity
7035 Epithelium superficiale lentis Superficial lens epithelium Superficial lens epithelium
7036 Epithelium profundum lentis Deep lens epithelium Deep lens epithelium
7037 Fibra lentis primaria Primary lens fibre Primary lens fiber
7038 Epithelium aequatoriale lentis Equatorial lens epithelium Equatorial lens epithelium
7039 Fibra lentis secundaria Secondary lens fibre Secondary lens fiber
7040 Sutura fibrae lentis Suture of secondary lens Suture of secondary lens
secundariae fibre fiber
7041 Capsula lentis Lens capsule Lens capsule
7042 Tunica vasculosa lentis Vascular lens tunic Vascular lens tunic
7043 Arcus nucleorum Nuclear bow Nuclear bow
7044 Retina Retina Retina

7045 Epithelium tubi neuralis Neurectoderm; Ectoderma neurale Neural tube epithelium Neural tube epithelium Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm
7046 Lamina externa cupulae External cup layer External cup layer

7047 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Pseudostratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium
7048 Stratum pigmentosum Pigmented layer Pigmented layer
7049 Pigmentocytus Pigment cell Pigment cell
7050 Spatium intraretinale Hiatus intraretinalis Intraretinal space Intraretinal space Intraretinal cleft
7051 Lamina interna cupulae Internal cup layer Internal cup layer
7052 Pars optica retinae Pars optica retinae Pars optica retinae
7053 Stratum ventriculare cupulae Zona ventricularis; Stratum Ventricular zone Ventricular zone Photosensitive layer
opticae sensorium lucis
7054 Neuroepithelium Pseudostratified Pseudostratified
pseudostratificatum neuroepithelium neuroepithelium
7055 Stratum nucleare Nuclear layer Nuclear layer
7056 Zona proliferationis Proliferation zone Proliferation zone
7057 Stratum marginale initiale Initial marginal layer Initial marginal layer
7058 Lamina basalis Lamina basalis Lamina basalis
7059 Processus neuri immaturi Process of immature neuron Process of immature neuron
7060 Stratum neurorum immaturorum Outer immature neuron layer Outer immature neuron layer
externum

7063 Processus gliocyti radialis Process of radial glial cell Process of radial glial cell
7064 Neuron horizontale Horizontal cell Horizontal cell
7065 Proneuron bacilliferum Neuron immaturum bacilliferum Rod cell proneuron Rod cell proneuron Immature rod cell
7066 Neuron bacilliferum Rod cell Rod cell
7067 Bacillum retinae Rod Rod
7068 Segmentum externum neuri Outer segment of rod Outer segment of rod
bacilliferi
7069 Discus membranaceus Membranous disc of rod Membranous disc of rod
neuri bacilliferi
7070 Segmentum internum neuri Inner segment of rod Inner segment of rod
bacilliferi
7071 Proneuron coniferum Neuron immaturum coniferum Cone cell proneuron Cone cell proneuron Immature cone cell
7072 Neuron coniferum Cone cell Cone cell
7073 Conus retinae Cone Cone
7074 Segmentum externum neuri Outer segment of cone Outer segment of cone
coniferi
7075 Discus membranaceus neuri Membranous disc of cone Membranous disc of cone
coniferi
7076 Segmentum internum neuri Inner segment of cone Inner segment of cone
coniferi
7077 Stratum segmentorum externorum Layer of outer and inner segments Layer of outer and inner segments
et internorum
7078 Stratum limitans externum Outer limiting layer Outer limiting layer
7079 Stratum nucleorum externum Outer nuclear layer Outer nuclear layer
7080 Stratum plexiforme externum Outer plexiform layer Outer plexiform layer
7081 Processus axonalis neuri Axonal process of rod Axonal process of rod
bacilliferi
7082 Spherula terminalis bacilli Rod spherule Rod spherule

7083 Processus axonalis neuri coniferi Axonal process of cone Axonal process of cone
7084 Pes terminalis coni Cone pedicle Cone pedicle
7086 Stratum anucleare fugax Transient anuclear layer Transient anuclear layer §Chievitz§
7087 Stratum neurorum immaturorum Stratum intermedium; Stratum pallii Inner immature neuron layer Inner immature neuron layer Mantle layer
internum
7089 Gliocytus radialis Radial glial cell Radial glial cell §Müller§
7090 Processus radialis gliocyti Radial process of glial cell Radial process of glial cell
7091 Neuron immaturum retinae Proneuron Immature retinal neuron Immature retinal neuron Proneuron
7092 Neuron amacrinum Amacrine cell Amacrine cell
7093 Neuron interplexiforme Interplexiform cell Interplexiform cell
7094 Neuron bipolare Bipolar neuron Bipolar neuron
7095 Cellula immatura ganglionica Proneuron ganglionare Immature ganglion cell Immature ganglion cell Ganglion cell proneuron
7096 Translatio introrsum Apparent migration inwards Apparent migration inwards Endnote 401
7097 Stratum nucleare internum Inner nuclear layer Inner nuclear layer
7098 Stratum marginale residuale Residual marginal layer Residual marginal layer
7099 Stratum plexiforme internum Inner plexiform layer Inner plexiform layer
7101 Stratum ganglionare multipolare Ganglionic layer Ganglionic layer
7102 Neuron ganglionare Retinal ganglion cell Retinal ganglion cell
multipolare retinae
7103 Stratum neurofibrarum Nerve fibre layer Nerve fiber layer
7104 Ora serrata Ora serrata Ora serrata
7105 Stratum limitans internum Inner limiting layer Inner limiting layer
7106 Pars caeca retinae Nonvisual retina Nonvisual retina

7107 Neurectoderma Neurectoderm Neurectoderm
7108 Pars ciliaris retinae Ciliary part of retina Ciliary part of retina
7109 Epithelium ciliare Ciliary epithelium Ciliary epithelium
7110 Pars iridica retinae Iridial part of retina Iridial part of retina
7111 Epithelium iridicum Iris epithelium Iris epithelium
7112 Primordium musculi sphincteris Primordium of sphincter Primordium of sphincter
pupillae pupillae pupillae
7113 Primordium musculi dilatatoris Primordium of dilator pupillae Primordium of dilator pupillae
pupillae
7114 Tunica fibrosa bulbi Fibrous layer of eyeball Fibrous layer of eyeball Endnote 402
7115 Sclera Sclera Sclera
7116 Cornea Cornea Cornea
7117 Tunica vasculosa bulbi Uvea Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer of eyeball Uvea Endnote 403
7118 Choroidea Choroid Choroid
7119 Corpus ciliare Ciliary body Ciliary body
7120 Iris nonretinalis Nonretinal iris Nonretinal iris

7121 Mesenchyma oculi Optic mesenchyme Optic mesenchyme
7122 Crista neuralis mesencephalica Mesencephalic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest
7123 Crista neuralis optica Optic neural crest Optic neural crest
7125 Mesenchyma perioculare Periocular mesenchyme Periocular mesenchyme
7126 Mesenchyma camerae vitreae Vitreous chamber mesenchyme Vitreous chamber mesenchyme
7127 A. lentis Lens artery Lens artery
7129 A. hyaloidea Hyaloid artery Hyaloid artery
7130 V. hyaloidea Hyaloid vein Hyaloid vein
7131 Corpus vitreum primarium Primary vitreous body Primary vitreous body
7132 Corpus vitreum secundarium Secondary vitreous body Secondary vitreous body
7133 Corpus vitreum tertiarium Tertiary vitreous body Tertiary vitreous body
7134 Canalis hyaloideus Hyaloid canal Hyaloid canal
7135 Membrana vitrea Vitreous membrane Vitreous membrane
7136 Mesenchyma camerae anterioris Anterior chamber mesenchyme Anterior chamber mesenchyme
7137 Epithelium camerae anterioris Anterior chamber epithelium Anterior chamber epithelium
7138 Humor aquosus Aqueous humor Aqueous humor
7139 Camera anterior Anterior chamber Anterior chamber
7140 Camera posterior Posterior chamber Posterior chamber
7141 Mesenchyma capsulae Capsule mesenchyme Capsule mesenchyme
7142 Tunica fibrosa bulbi Fibrous layer of eyeball Fibrous layer of eyeball
7143 Substantia propria sclerae Substantia propria of sclera Substantia propria of sclera
7144 V. intrascleralis Intrascleral vein Intrascleral vein
7145 Sinus venosus sclerae Scleral venous sinus Scleral venous sinus §Schlemm§
7146 Lamina limitans anterior Anterior limiting lamina Anterior limiting lamina §Bowman§
7147 Substantia propria corneae Substantia propria of cornea Substantia propria of cornea
7148 Epithelium posterius corneae Endothelium of anterior Endothelium of anterior Endnote 404
chamber chamber
7149 Epithelium simplex Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium
cuboideum
7150 Epithelium simplex Simple squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelium
squamosum
7151 Keratocytus Keratocyte Keratocyte
7152 Lamina limitans posterior Posterior limiting lamina Posterior limiting lamina §Descemet§
7153 Pars laminata striataque Banded, striated part Banded, striated part
7154 Pars nonlaminata et Nonbanded, nonstriated Nonbanded, nonstriated Endnote 405
nonstriata part part
7155 Tunica vasculosa bulbi Uvea Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer of eyeball Uvea
7156 Lamina vasculosa Vascular layer Vascular layer
7157 Lamina choroidocapillaris Choroidocapillary layer Choroidocapillary layer
7158 Stroma ciliare Ciliary stroma Ciliary stroma
7159 M. ciliaris Ciliary muscle Ciliary muscle
7160 Stroma iridis Stroma of iris Stroma of iris
7161 Membrana pupillaris Pupillary membrane Pupillary membrane Iridopupillary membrane Endnote 406

7162 Defectio membranae Regression of pupillary Regression of pupillary
pupillaris membrane membrane
7163 ANOMALIAE STRUCTURARUM ANOMALIES OF OCULAR ANOMALIES OF OCULAR

OCULI STRUCTURES STRUCTURES
7164 Anophthalmia Anophthalmia Anophthalmia
7165 Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia
7167 Synophthalmia Synophthalmia Synophthalmia
7168 Macrophthalmia Macrophthalmia Macrophthalmia
7169 Microphthalmia Microphthalmia Microphthalmia
7170 Hypotelorismus oculorum Ocular hypotelorism Ocular hypotelorism
7171 Hypertelorismus oculorum Ocular hypertelorism Ocular hypertelorism
7172 Cornea conica Conical cornea Conical cornea
7173 Cornea ovoidea Ovoid cornea Ovoid cornea
7174 Cornea plana Flat cornea Flat cornea
7175 Cornea perforata congenita Congenital perforated cornea Congenital perforated cornea
7176 Cornea guttata Hereditary corneal epithelial Hereditary corneal epithelial
dystrophy dystrophy
7177 Macrocornea Megalocornea Macrocornea Macrocornea Megalocornea
7178 Microcornea Microcornea Microcornea
7179 Opacitas corneae congenita Congenital corneal opacity Congenital corneal opacity
7180 Sclerocornea Sclerocornea Sclerocornea
7181 Lamina limitans posterior absens Absent posterior limiting Absent posterior limiting
membrane membrane
7182 Fovea lentis persistens Persistent lens fovea Persistent lens fovea
7183 Aniridia Aniridia Aniridia
7184 Coloboma congenita Coloboma Coloboma Endnote 407
7185 Coloboma iridis Irideal coloboma Irideal coloboma
7186 Coloboma retinae Retinal coloboma Retinal coloboma
7187 Polycoria Polycoria Polycoria
7188 Polycoria vera True polycoria True polycoria
7189 Polycoria spuria Polycoria spuria Polycoria spuria
7190 Ectopia pupillae Ectopic pupil Ectopic pupil
7191 Membrana pupillaris persistens Persistent pupillary membrane Persistent pupillary membrane
7192 Glaucoma congenitum Congenital glaucoma Congenital glaucoma
7193 Buphthalmia Buphthalmia Buphthalmia
7194 Aplasia lentis Aphakia Lens aplasia Lens aplasia Aphakia
7195 Cataracta congenita Congenital cataract Congenital cataract
7196 Duplicatio lentis Duplication of lens Duplication of lens
7197 Ectopia lentis Ectopic lens Ectopic lens
7198 Arteria hyaloidea persistens Persistent hyaloid artery Persistent hyaloid artery
7199 Tunica vasculosa lentis persistens Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
7200 Cystis retinae Retinal cyst Retinal cyst
7201 Corpus vitreus primarius Persistent hyperplastic primary Persistent hyperplastic primary
hyperplasticus persistens vitreous body vitreous body
7202 Ablatio retinae Congenital retinal detachment Congenital retinal detachment

7203 Albinismus choroideus Albinism of choroid Albinism of choroid
7204 Albinismus oculocutaneus Oculocutaneous albinism Oculocutaneous albinism
7205 Syndroma dysgenesis Iridocorneal mesenchymal Iridocorneal mesenchymal §Rieger§
iridocornealis mesenchymalis dysgenesis syndrome dysgenesis syndrome
7206 Syndroma fissurae camerae Anterior chamber cleavage Anterior chamber cleavage §Peters§
anterioris syndrome syndrome
7207 STRUCTURAE OCULI ACCESSORY OCULAR ACCESSORY OCULAR

ACCESSORIAE STRUCTURES STRUCTURES
7208 Plica palpebralis Palpebral fold Palpebral fold
7209 Palpebra Eyelid Eyelid
7211 Epidermis Epidermis Epidermis
7212 Cilium Eyelash Eyelash
7213 Epithelium conjunctivale Conjunctival epithelium Conjunctival epithelium
7214 Lamina tarsalis Tarsal plate Tarsal plate
7215 Gemma glandulae tarsalis Tarsal gland bud Tarsal gland bud
7216 Glandula tarsalis Tarsal gland Tarsal gland
7217 Gemma glandulae lacrimalis Lacrimal gland bud Lacrimal gland bud
7218 Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Blastema of lacrimal gland Blastema of lacrimal gland
7219 Glandula lacrimalis Lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland
7220 Ductulus excretorius lacrimalis Lacrimal excretory duct Lacrimal excretory duct
7221 Sulcus nasolacrimalis Sulcus lacrimalis Nasolacrimal groove Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal groove Endnote 408
7222 Lamina lacrimalis Lacrimal lamina Lacrimal lamina Endnote 409
7223 Chorda lacrimalis Lacrimal cord Lacrimal cord
7224 Canaliculus lacrimalis Lacrimal canaliculus Lacrimal canaliculus
7225 Saccus lacrimalis Lacrimal sac Lacrimal sac
7226 Ductus nasolacrimalis Nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal duct
7227 Mesenchyma palpebrale Palpebral mesenchyme Palpebral mesenchyme
7228 Palpebrae conjunctae Fused eyelids Fused eyelids
7229 Rima palpebrarum Palpebral fissure Palpebral fissure
7230 Palpebrae apertae Open eyelids Open eyelids
7231 ANOMALIAE STRUCTURARUM ANOMALIES OF ACCESSORY ANOMALIES OF ACCESSORY

ACCESSORIARUM OCULI OCULAR STRUCTURES OCULAR STRUCTURES
7232 Ablepharia Absence of eyelid Absence of eyelid
7233 Aplasia glandulae lacrimalis Aplasia of lacrimal gland Aplasia of lacrimal gland
7234 Ectopia glandulae lacrimalis Ectopic lacrimal gland Ectopic lacrimal gland
7235 Hypolacrimia congenita Congenital hypolacrimia Congenital hypolacrimia
7236 Aplasia puncti lacrimalis Aplasia of lacrimal punctum Aplasia of lacrimal punctum
7237 Punctum lacrimale absens Absent lacrimal punctum Absent lacrimal punctum
7238 Punctum lacrimale rimatum Slit-like lacrimal punctum Slitlike lacrimal punctum
7239 Ectopia puncti lacrimalis Ectopic lacrimal punctum Ectopic lacrimal punctum
7240 Punctum lacrimale duplex Double lacrimal punctum Double lacrimal punctum
7241 Punctum lacrimale Supernumerary lacrimal punctum Supernumerary lacrimal punctum
supernumerarium
7242 Atresia canaliculi lacrimalis Atresia of lacrimal canaliculus Atresia of lacrimal canaliculus

7243 Diverticulum sacci lacrimalis Diverticulum of lacrimal sac Diverticulum of lacrimal sac
7244 Fistula sacci lacrimalis congenita Congenital fistula of lacrimal sac Congenital fistula of lacrimal sac
7245 Absentia plicae lacrimalis Absence of lacrimal fold Absence of lacrimal fold
7246 Aplasia ductus nasolacrimalis Aplasia of nasolacrimal duct Aplasia of nasolacrimal duct
7247 Dacryostenosis congenita Congenital stenosis of Congenital stenosis of
nasolacrimal duct nasolacrimal duct
7248 Fistula externa nasolacrimalis External nasolacrimal fistula External nasolacrimal fistula
7249 Proptosis Proptosis Proptosis
7250 Oculus retractus Deeply set eye Deeply set eye
7251 Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia
7252 Syndroma cryptophthalmiae Cryptophthalmia syndrome Cryptophthalmia syndrome §Fraser§
7253 Syndroma Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital Lacrimoauriculodentodigital LADD

lacrimoauriculodentodigitale syndrome syndrome
7254 Auris Ear Ear

7255 AURIS EXTERNA EXTERNAL EAR EXTERNAL EAR
7256 Sulcus pharyngeus primus First pharyngeal groove First pharyngeal groove
7257 Meatus acusticus externus External acoustic meatus External acoustic meatus
7258 Obturamentum meatus acustici Meatal plug Meatal plug
externi
7259 Membrana pharyngea Pharyngeal membrane Pharyngeal membrane
7260 Membrana tympanica Tympanic membrane Tympanic membrane
7261 Arcus pharyngei primus et First and second pharyngeal First and second pharyngeal
secundus arches arches
7262 Tuberculum auris Ear tubercle Ear tubercle
7263 Colliculus auricularis Auricular hillock Auricular hillock
7264 Auricula Auricle Auricle Pinna
7265 Helix Helix Helix
7266 Antihelix Antihelix Antihelix
7267 Tragus Tragus Tragus
7268 Cartilago auricularis Auricular cartilage Auricular cartilage
7269 AURIS MEDIA MIDDLE EAR MIDDLE EAR

7271 Recessus tubotympanicus Tubotympanic recess Tubotympanic recess
7272 Apex recessus tubotympanici Tip of tubotympanic recess Tip of tubotympanic recess
7273 Tuba auditiva Tuba auditoria Pharyngotympanic tube Pharyngotympanic tube Auditory tube §Eustachius§
7274 Anulus tympanicus Tympanic ring Tympanic ring
7275 Cavitas tympanica Tympanic cavity Tympanic cavity
7276 Cellula tympanica Tympanic cell Tympanic cell
7277 Antrum mastoideum Mastoid antrum Mastoid antrum
7278 Cellula mastoidea Mastoid cell Mastoid cell
7280 Mesenchyma arcus pharyngei Mesenchyme of first pharyngeal Mesenchyme of first pharyngeal
primi arch arch
7281 Pars dorsalis cartilaginis arcus Dorsal part of first pharyngeal Dorsal part of first pharyngeal
pharyngei primi arch cartilage arch cartilage

7282 Crus breve incudis Short limb of incus Short limb of incus
7283 Corpus incudis Body of incus Body of incus
7284 Caput mallei Head of malleus Head of malleus
7285 Lig. mallei anterius Anterior ligament of malleus Anterior ligament of malleus Endnote 410
7286 Blastema musculi tensoris Blastems of tensor tympani Blastems of tensor tympani
tympani
7287 M. tensor tympani Tensor tympani Tensor tympani
7289 Mesenchyma arcus pharyngei Mesenchyme of second Mesenchyme of second
secundi pharyngeal arch pharyngeal arch
7290 Cartilago arcus pharyngei Second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch
secundi cartilage cartilage
7291 Processus mallei Mallear process Mallear process
7292 Os goniale Os goniale Os goniale
7293 Manubrium mallei Handle of malleus Handle of malleus
7294 Crus longum incudis Long limb of incus Long limb of incus
7295 Stapes Stapes Stapes
7296 Blastema musculi stapedii Blastema of stapedius Blastema of stapedius
7297 M. stapedius Stapedius Stapedius
7298 Anulus stapedis Stapedial ring Stapedial ring
7299 Malleus Malleus Malleus
7300 Incus Incus Incus
7301 Chorda tympani Chorda tympani Chorda tympani
7302 R. stapedius nervi facialis Stapedial branch of facial nerve Stapedial branch of facial nerve
7303 AURIS INTERNA INTERNAL EAR INTERNAL EAR

7305 Campus oticus Otic field Otic field
7309 Macula densa epithelii Thickened patch of epithelium Thickened patch of epithelium
7310 Primordium labyrinthi Saccus vestibularis Primordial membranous Primordial membranous Vestibular sac
membranacei labyrinth labyrinth
7311 Appendix endolymphatica Endolymphatic appendage Endolymphatic appendage
7312 Ductus endolymphaticus Endolymphatic duct Endolymphatic duct
7313 Camera utriculosaccularis Utriculosaccular chamber Utriculosaccular chamber
7314 Primordium utriculi Primordial utricle Primordial utricle
7315 Lamina semicircularis Semicircular plate Semicircular plate
7316 Coalescentia centralis Central coalescence Central coalescence
7317 Ductus semicircularis Semicircular duct Semicircular duct
7318 Primordium sacculi Primordial saccule Primordial saccule
7319 Primordium ductus cochlearis Diverticulum endolymphaticum Primordial cochlear duct Primordial cochlear duct Endolymphatic diverticulum
7320 Crescentia spiraliformis Spiral growth piral growth
7321 Ductus reuniens Ductus reuniens Ductus reuniens

7324 Cartilago otica Otic cartilage Otic cartilage
7325 Labyrinthus cartilagineus Cartilaginous labyrinth Cartilaginous labyrinth
7326 Labyrinthus osseus Bony labyrinth Bony labyrinth
7328 Spatium perilymphaticum Perilymphatic space Perilymphatic space
7329 Cisterna periotica Periotic cistern Periotic cistern
7330 Primordium scalae tympani Primordium of scala tympani Primordium of scala tympani
7331 Primordium scalae vestibuli Primordiium of scala vestibuli Primordiium of scala vestibuli
7332 Helicotrema Helicotrema Helicotrema
7333 Scala media Scala media Scala media
7334 Spatium perilymphaticum Perilymphatic space Perilymphatic space
7336 Modiolus cochleae Modiolus Modiolus
7337 Lamina spiralis ossea Osseous spiral lamina Osseous spiral lamina
7338 Textus cristae neuralis oticae Otic neural crest tissue Otic neural crest tissue
7340 Area neuroepithelialis vesiculae Neuroepithelial area of otic Neuroepithelial area of otic
oticae vesicle vesicle
7341 Vestibuloblastus Vestibuloblast Vestibuloblast
7342 Vestibulocytus Cellula sensoria pilosa Vestibular hair cell Vestibular hair cell Vestibular sensory cell
7343 Vestibulocytus I Vestibulocytus piriformis Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular sensory cell Endnote 411
7344 Vestibulocytus II Vestibulocytus columnaris Type 2 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibular sensory cell
7345 Vestibulocytus internus Inner vestibular hair cell Inner vestibular hair cell
7346 Vestibulocytus externus Outer vestibular hair cell Outer vestibular hair cell
7347 Vestibulocytus sustenans Vestibular supporting cell Vestibular supporting cell
7348 Epithelium striae vascularis Epithelium of stria vascularis Epithelium of stria vascularis
7349 Epithelium sacci Epithelium of endolymphatic Epithelium of endolymphatic
endolymphatici sac sac
7350 Epithelium labyrinthi Lining of membranous Lining of membranous
membranosi labyrinth labyrinth
7351 Ganglion vestibulocochleare Vestibulocochlear ganglion Vestibulocochlear ganglion
7352 Ganglion vestibulare Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion
7353 Neuron sensorium Vestibular ganglion cell Vestibular ganglion cell
ganglionare vestibulare
7354 Canalis spiralis cochleae Spiral canal of cochlea Spiral canal of cochlea §Corti; Rosenthal§
7355 Cochleoblastus Cochleoblast Cochleoblast

7356 Cochleocytus Cochlear hair cell Cochlear hair cell
7357 Cochleocytus internus Inner hair cell Inner hair cell Endnote 412
7358 Cochleocytus externus Outer hair cell Outer hair cell
7359 Ganglion spirale cochleae Spiral ganglion Spiral ganglion §Corti§
7360 Neuron sensorium ganglionare Cochlear ganglion cell Cochlear ganglion cell
cochleare
7361 Glioblastus ganglionaris Cochlear ganglion ensheathing Cochlear ganglion ensheathing
cochlearis implicans blast cell blast cell

7365 ANOMALIAE AURIS EAR ANOMALIES EAR ANOMALIES
7366 Anomaliae auris externae Anomalies of external ear Anomalies of external ear
7367 Anotia Absent auricle Absent auricle
7368 Anomaliae meati acustici externi Anomalies of external acoustic Anomalies of external acoustic
meatus meatus
7369 Atresia aurilis congenita Congenital aural atresia Congenital aural atresia
7370 Anomaliae auris mediae Anomalies of middle ear Anomalies of middle ear
7371 Atresia cavitatis tympanicae Atresia of tympanic cavity Atresia of tympanic cavity
7372 Dysplasia cavitatis tympanicae Dysplasia of tympanic cavity Dysplasia of tympanic cavity
7373 Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma
7374 Hypoplasia cavitatis tympanicae Hypoplasia of tympanic cavity Hypoplasia of tympanic cavity
7375 Aplasia fenestrae cochleae Aplasia of round window Aplasia of round window
7376 Ectopia fenestrae cochleae Ectopia of round window Ectopia of round window
7377 Aplasia fenestrae vestibuli Aplasia of oval window Aplasia of oval window
7378 Ankylotia Otosclerosis Ankylotia Ankylotia Otosclerosis
7379 Aplasia ossiculorum auditus Aplasia of auditory ossicles Aplasia of auditory ossicles
7380 Dysplasia ossiculorum auditus Dysplasia of auditory ossicles Dysplasia of auditory ossicles
7381 Hyoplasia ossiculorum auditus Hypoplasia of auditory ossicles Hypoplasia of auditory ossicles
7382 Hyperplasia ossiculorum auditus Hyperplasia of auditory ossicles Hyperplasia of auditory ossicles
7383 M. tensoris tympani absens Absent tensor trympani Absent tensor trympani
7384 M. stapedius absens Absent stapedius Absent stapedius
7385 Aplasia tubae Aplasia tubae auditivae Aplasia of pharyngotympanic tube Aplasia of pharyngotympanic tube
pharyngotympanicae
7386 Stenosis tubae Stenosis tubae auditivae Stenosis of pharyngotympanic tube Stenosis of pharyngotympanic
pharyngotympanicae tube
7387 Canalis nervi facialis dehiscens Facial canal dehiscence Facial canal dehiscence
7388 A. stapedii persistens Persistent stapedial artery Persistent stapedial artery
7389 Anomaliae auris internae Anomalies of internal ear Anomalies of internal ear
7390 Aplasia labyrinthi Labyrinthine aplasia Labyrinthine aplasia
7391 Hypoplasia labyrinthi Labyrinthine hypoplasia Labyrinthine hypoplasia
7392 Heteroplasia labyrinthi Labyrinthine heteroplasia Labyrinthine heteroplasia
7393 Ectopia labyrinthi Ectopic labyrinth Ectopic labyrinth
7394 Absentia melanocytorum Melanocyte absence Melanocyte absence
7395 Melanocyti absentes Melanocyte deficiency Melanocyte deficiency
7396 Aplasia meatus acustici interni Aplasia of internal acoustic meatus Aplasia of internal acoustic meatus
7397 Ectopia meatus acustici interni Ectopia of internal acoustic meatus Ectopia of internal acoustic
meatus
7398 Hypoplasia meatus acustici interni Hypoplasia of internal acoustic Hypoplasia of internal acoustic
meatus meatus
7399 Hyperplasia meatus acustici interni Hyperplasia of internal acoustic Hyperplasia of internal acoustic
meatus meatus
7400 Aplasia fossae subarcuatae Aplasia of subarcuate fossa Aplasia of subarcuate fossa
7401 Hypoplasia fossae subarcuatae Hypoplasia of subarcuate fossa Hypoplasia of subarcuate fossa
7402 Ectopia fossae subarcuatae Ectopia of subarcuate fossa Ectopia of subarcuate fossa

7403 Hyperplasia fossae subarcuatae Hyperplasia of subarcuate fossa Hyperplasia of subarcuate fossa
7404 Integumentum commune The integument The integument

7405 Cutis Skin Skin
7406 EPIDERMIS EPIDERMIS EPIDERMIS
7408 Zona ectodermatis facialis Facial ectodermal zone Facial ectodermal zone
7409 Zona ectodermatis frontonasalis Frontonasal ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone
7410 Epidermis intitialis Initial epidermis Initial epidermis
7412 Stratum basale Basal layer Basal layer
7413 Stratum intermedium Intermediate layer Intermediate layer
7414 Stratum spinosum Spinous layer Spinous layer
7415 Stratum granulare Granular layer Granular layer
7416 Stratum corneum Horny layer Horny layer
7420 Corpusculum sensorium Nonencapsulated sensory Nonencapsulated sensory
noncapsulatum corpuscle corpuscle
7421 Epitheliocytus tactilis Sensory epithelial cell Sensory epithelial cell §Merkel§
7422 Meniscus tactilis Tactile meniscus Tactile meniscus
7424 Dendrocytus Dendritic cell Dendritic cell §Langerhans§
7425 Epidermis definitiva Definitive epidermis Definitive epidermis
7426 Gemma glandularis epidermis Epidermal glandular downgrowth Epidermal glandular downgrowth
7427 Glandula sudorifera Sweat gland Sweat gland
7428 DERMIS Corium DERMIS DERMIS

7431 Mesenchyma dermatomiale Dermatomal mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme
7437 Subcorium Subcorium Subcorium
7438 Papilla dermis Dermal papilla Dermal papilla
7439 Plexus neuralis subepidermalis Subepidermal nerve plexus Subepidermal nerve plexus
7440 Plexus neuralis dermalis Dermal nerve plexus Dermal nerve plexus
7442 Corpusculum sensorium Encapsulated sensory corpuscle Encapsulated sensory corpuscle
capsulatum

7443 Corpusculum nervosum Lanceolate nerve corpuscle Lanceolate nerve corpuscle
lanceolatum
7444 Terminatio lanceolata Palisade ending Palisade ending
7445 Schwannocytus cuneiformis Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Wedgeshaped Schwann cell
7446 Corpusculum ovoideum Corpusculum tactile Tactile corpuscle Tactile corpuscle §Meissner; Wagner-Meissner§
7447 Terminatio spiralis Spiral ending Spiral ending
7448 Schwannocytus cuneiformis Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Wedgeshaped Schwann cell
7449 Corpusculum lamellosum Lamellar corpuscle Lamellar corpuscle See Terminologia Histologica
§Pacini; Vater-Pacini§
7450 Capsula perineuralis Bulbus externus External bulb External bulb Outer core; Perineurial capsule
7451 Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme Bulbous corpuscle Bulbous corpuscle §Ruffini§
7452 Fibra collageni centralis Central collagen fibre Central collagen fiber
7453 Terminatio ramosa Branching ending Branching ending
7454 Capsula perineuralis Perineurial capsule Perineurial capsule
7455 PILUS HAIR HAIR

7456 Gemma pili Hair bud Hair bud
7457 Folliculus epithelialis pili Epithelial hair follicle Epithelial hair follicle
7458 Intumescentia cellulae staminalis Stem cell bulge Stem cell bulge
7459 Vagina epithelialis dermis Dermal root sheath Dermal root sheath
7460 Stipes pili Scapus Hair shaft Hair shaft
7461 Bulbus pili Hair bulb Hair bulb
7462 Lanugo Lanugo Lanugo
7463 Glandula sebacea Sebaceous gland Sebaceous gland
7464 Vernix caseosa Vernix caseosa Vernix caseosa
7465 UNGUIS NAIL NAIL

7466 Campus unguis Nail field Nail field
7467 Plica unguis Nail fold Nail fold
7468 Matrix unguis Nail matrix Nail matrix
7469 Radix unguis Nail root Nail root
7470 Matrix proximalis Proximal matrix Proximal matrix
7471 Sulcus limitans Boundary furrow Boundary furrow
7472 Lectulus unguis Nail bed Nail bed
7473 Lamina unguis Nail plate Nail plate
7474 Eponychium Eponychium Eponychium Cuticle
7475 Hyponychium Hyponychium Hyponychium
7476 MAMMA BREAST BREAST Endnote 413

7477 Ectoderma mammaria Mammary ectoderm Mammary ectoderm
7478 Linea mammaria Mammary line Mammary line Mammary ridge; Milk line; Milk
ridge
7479 Crista mammaria Mammary crest Mammary crest
7480 Primordium epitheliale mammae Epithelial mammary primordium Epithelial mammary primordium
7481 Placoda mammaria Mammary placode Mammary placode
7482 Bulbus mammarius Mammary bulb Mammary bulb
7483 Gemma mammaria Mammary bud Mammary bud

7484 Fovea mammaria Mammary pit Mammary pit
7485 Involutio cristae mammariae Involution of remaining mammary Involution of remaining
reliquae crest mammary crest
7486 Gemma ductus Duct bud Duct bud
7487 Gemma secundaria Ductal tree Ductal tree Secondary bud
7488 Ductus lactifer Lactiferous duct Lactiferous duct
7489 Gemma alveoli Alveolar bud Alveolar bud
7491 Stroma glandulae mammariae Mammary gland stroma Mammary gland stroma
7492 Glandula mammaria Mammary gland Mammary gland
7493 Papilla mammae Nipple Nipple
7494 Areola mammae Areola Areola
7496 Melanoblastus Melanoblast Melanoblast
7497 Glandula areolaris Areolar gland Areolar gland §Montgomery§
7499 Dermis Corium Dermis Dermis
7500 Stroma mammae Stroma of breast Stroma of breast
7501 Textus adiposus albus White adipose tissue White adipose tissue
7502 Cutis mammae Skin Skin
7503 ANOMALIAE INTEGUMENTI ANOMALIES OF INTEGUMENT ANOMALIES OF INTEGUMENT

COMMUNIS
7504 Achoria Achoria Achoria
7505 Aplasia cutis congenita Aplasia cutis circumscripta Congenital aplasia of the skin Congenital aplasia of the skin
7506 Dysplasia ectodermae congenita Congenital ectodermal dysplasia Congenital ectodermal dysplasia
7507 Epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa EB
7508 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Simple epidermolysis bullosa Simple epidermolysis bullosa Epidermal EB
7509 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Simple epidermolysis bullosa of Simple epidermolysis bullosa §Weber-Cockayne§
manuum et pedum hands and feet of hands and feet
7510 Epidermolysis bullosa letalis Junctional epidermolysis bullosa Junctional epidermolysis bullosa §Herlitz§
7511 Epidermolysis bullosa Dermal epidermolysis bullosa Dermal epidermolysis bullosa

dystrophica
7512 Ichthyosis Ichthyosis Ichthyosis
7513 Keratodermatosis mutilans Hereditary mutilating keratoderma Hereditary mutilating keratoderma §Vohwinkel§
hereditaria
7514 Polymerismus Polymerism Polymerism
7515 Pterygium colli Webbed neck Webbed neck
7516 Dyschromia congenita Abnormal colour of skin Abnormal colour of skin
7517 Albinismus Albinism Albinism
7518 Albinismus nontotus Hypomelanosis; Albinismus Partial albinism Partial albinism Hypomelanosis; Piebaldism §Ito§
partialis
7519 Albinismus oculocutaneus Oculocutaneous albinism Oculocutaneous albinism
7520 Albinismus totus Amelanosis Total albinism Total albinism Amelanosis
7521 Heterochromia Heteropigmentation Heteropigmentation
7522 Hypochromia Hypopigmentation Hypopigmentation
7523 Melanismus Melanism Melanism

7524 Vitiligo Vitiligo Vitiligo
7525 Cutis tessellata Piebaldism Piebaldism
7526 Naevus Naevus Nevus
7527 Naevus achromicus Nonpigmented naevus Nonpigmented nevus
7528 Naevus pigmentosus Pigmented naevus Pigmented nevus
7529 Naevus vasculosus Vascular naevus Vascular nevus
7530 Angioma Angioma Angioma
7531 Cystis dermoidea congenita Congenital dermoid cyst Congenital dermoid cyst
7532 Cystis pilonidalis congenita Congenital pilonidal cyst Congenital pilonidal cyst
7533 Fistula pilonidalis congenita Congenital pilonidal fistula Congenital pilonidal fistula
7534 Sinus pilonidalis congenitus Congenital pilonidal sinus Congenital pilonidal sinus
7535 Sinus dermalis congenitus Congenital dermal sinus Congenital dermal sinus
7536 ANOMALIAE ET VARIATIONES NAIL VARIATIONS AND NAIL VARIATIONS AND

UNGUIUM ANOMALIES ANOMALIES
7537 Onychodystrophia Onychodystrophy Onychodystrophy
7538 Anonychia Anonychia Anonychia
7539 Fovea unguis Nail pit Nail pit
7540 Hyperonychia Hyperonychia Hyperonychia
7541 Micronychia Micronychia Micronychia Small nail
7542 Polyonychia Polyonychia Polyonychia
7543 Ungues confluentes Fused nails Fused nails
7544 Unguis bifidus Bifid nail Bifid nail
7545 Unguis pectinatus Ridged nail Ridged nail
7546 ANOMALIAE ET VARIATIONES HAIR ANOMALIES AND HAIR ANOMALIES AND

CRESCENTIAE PILI GROWTH VARIATIONS GROWTH VARIATIONS
7547 Trichodystrophia Trichodystrophy Trichodystrophy
7548 Alopecia totalis congenita Atrichia Congenital alopecia Congenital alopecia Atrichia §El-Shanti§
7549 Alopecia triangularis temporalis Congenital temporal or frontal Congenital temporal or frontal
congenita baldness baldness
7550 Atrichosis congenita circumscripta Circumscribed congenital Circumscribed congenital
atrichosis atrichosis
7551 Atrichosis congenita diffusa Diffuse congenital atrichosis Diffuse congenital atrichosis
7552 Hypertrichosis partialis congenita Congenital patchy hypertrichosis Congenital patchy hypertrichosis
7553 Hypertrichosis lanuginosa Hypertrichosis universalis Congenital hypertrichosis Congenital hypertrichosis §Ambras§
congenita lanuginosa lanuginosa
7554 Hypotrichosis Hypotrichosis Hypotrichosis
7555 Pilus tortus congenitus Congenital twisted hair Congenital twisted hair
7556 Monilethrix congenita Congenital moniliform hair Congenital moniliform hair Congenital beaded hair
7557 Pilus canaliculus congenitus Pilus triangularis congenitus Congenital spun glass hair Congenital spun glass hair
7558 Trichorrhexis nodosa congenita Congenital nodular hair Congenital nodular hair
7559 Trichorrhexis invaginata congenita Congenital bamboo hair Congenital bamboo hair
7560 Trichoschisis congenita Congenital split hair Congenital split hair
7561 Trichothiodystrophia congenita Trichothiodystrophy Trichothiodystrophy Congenital brittle hair
7562 Spira pilorum anomala Abnormal hair whorl Abnormal hair whorl

7563 ANOMALIAE MAMMAE ANOMALIES OF BREAST ANOMALIES OF BREAST
7564 Amastia Amastia Amastia
7565 Gynaecomastia Gynaecomastia Gynecomastia
7566 Hypermastia Hypermastia Hypermastia
7567 Macromastia Macromastia Macromastia
7568 Micromastia Micromastia Micromastia
7569 Polymastia Polymastia Polymastia
7570 Athelia Athelia Athelia
7571 Microthelia Microthelia Microthelia
7572 Papilla mammaria inversa Congenital inverted nipple Congenital inverted nipple
congenita
7573 Polythelia Polythelia Polythelia
7574 Papilla mammaria accessoria Accessory pectoral nipple Accessory pectoral nipple
pectoris
7575 Papilla mammaria axillaris Axillary nipple Axillary nipple
7576 Papilla mammaria inguinalis Inguinal nipple Inguinal nipple
7577 Tela subcutanea Subcutaneous tissue Subcutaneous tissue
7580 Mesenchyma dermatomiale Dermatomal mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme

Caput VI: ADNEXA EMBRYONICA ET FETALIA Chapter 6: DEVELOPMENTAL ADNEXA
Latin term Latin synonym UK English American English English synonym Other
7585 Adnexa embryonica et Membranae extraembryonicae et Developmental adnexa Developmental adnexa Extra-embryonic and fetal
fetales membranes; Extraembryonic and
fetalia
fetal membranes
7587 Nutritio Nutrition Nutrition Endnote 414
7588 Endotrophia Endotrophe Endotroph
7589 Exotrophia Exotrophe Exotroph
7590 Embryotrophia Embryotrophe Embryotroph
7591 Haemotrophia Haemotrophe Haemotroph
7592 Histiotrophia Histiotrophe Histiotroph
7593 ADNEXA EMBRYONICA EMBRYONIC ADNEXA EMBRYONIC ADNEXA Endnote 415

7594 Adnexa embryonica ante diem Embryonic adnexa before day 19 Embryonic adnexa before day
xix 19
7595 Morula Morula Morula
7596 Cellula externa morulae Cellula trophoblastica presumptiva; Outer cell of morula Outer cell of morula Presumptive trophoblastic cell;
7597 Cellula interna morulae Cellula embryoblastica Inner cell of morula Inner cell of morula Presumptive embryoblastic cell;
7598 Blastocystis unilaminaris Unilaminar blastocyst Unilaminar blastocyst

7599 Trophoblastus Massa cellularis externa; Trophoblast Trophoblast Trophectoderm
Trophoectoderma
7600 Cavitas blastocystica Blastocystic cavity Blastocystic cavity Blastocyst cavity
7601 Embryoblastus Massa cellularis interna; Embryoblast Embryoblast Inner cell mass; Late pluriblast
Pluriblastus serior
7602 Blastocystis bilaminaris Bilaminar blastocyst Bilaminar blastocyst

7603 Trophoblastus Massa cellularis externa Trophoblast Trophoblast Outer cell mass; Trophectoderm
7605 Hypoblastus Endoblastus extraembryonicus; Hypoblast; Extra-embryonic Hypoblast; Extraembryonic Exocoelomic membrane;
Membrana exocoelomica; endoblast endoblast Exocelomic membrane; Primary
Membrana extracoelomica; endoderm
Endoderma primarium
7606 Epiblastus Ectoderma primarium Epiblast Epiblast Primary ectoderm
7608 Blastocystis trilaminaris Trilaminar blastocyst Trilaminar blastocyst

7610 Lacuna trophoblastica Trophoblastic lacunae Trophoblastic lacunae
7611 Circulus lacunosus vascularis Lacunar vascular circle Lacunar vascular circle

7613 Aggregatio previllosa Previllous clump of Previllous clump of
cytotrophoblasti cytotrophoblast cytotrophoblast
7614 Cavitas trophoepiblastica Tropho-epiblastic cavity Trophoepiblastic cavity
7615 Amnioblastus Cellulae amniogenicae; Ectoderma Amnioblast Amnioblast Amniogenic cells; Amniotic
amnioticum ectoderm
7616 Amnion primordiale Primordial amnion Primordial amnion
7619 Epiblastus Ectoderma primarium Epiblast Epiblast Primary ectoderm
7620 Area caudalis mesoblastogenica Caudal mesoblastogenic area Caudal mesoblastogenic area
7621 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic mesoblast Extraembryonic mesoblast
7622 Textus angioblasticus Angioblastic tissue of Angioblastic tissue of
mssoblasti mesoblast mesoblast
7623 Crista previllosa mesoblasti Previllous crest of mesoblast Previllous crest of mesoblast
7624 Reticulum extraembryonicum; Extra-embryonic reticulum Extraembryonic reticulum Mesenchymal reticulum

Magma reticulare
7625 Hypoblastus Endoderma primarium Hypoblast Hypoblast Primary endoderm
primordialis
7628 Vesicula umbilicalis primaria Saccus vitellinus primarius Primary umbilical vesicle Primary umbilical vesicle Primary yolk sac
7629 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary yolk sac Endnote 416
primariae
7630 Endoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic endoblast applied Extraembryonic endoblast applied
trophoblasto applicatus to trophoblast to trophoblast
7631 Operculum deciduale Decidual operculum Decidual operculum
7632 Saccus vitellinus Vitelline sac Vitelline sac
7633 Saccus chorionicus immaturus Vesicula chorionica immatura Early chorionic sac Early chorionic sac Early chorionic vesicle
7634 Chorion frondosum Chorion frondosum Chorion frondosum Villous chorion
7635 Vesicula chorionica Chorionic sac Chorionic sac Chorionic vesicle
7636 Cavitas chorionica Coeloma extraembryonicum Chorionic cavity Chorionic cavity Extra-embryonic coelom;
Extraembryonic celom
7637 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic mesoblast applied Extraembryonic mesoblast applied Extraembryonic mesoblast applied
caudaliter et dorsaliter amnioblasto to amnioblast and trophoblast to amnioblast and trophoblast to amnioblast and trophoblast
et trophoblasto adjunctus caudodorsally caudodorsally caudodorsally
7638 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic mesoblast applied Extraembryonic mesoblast applied
amnioblasto toto adjunctus to whole amnioblast to whole amnioblast
7639 Amnion definitivum Definitive amnion Definitive amnion
7640 Cavitas amniotica Amniotic cavity Amniotic cavity
7641 Liquor amnioticus Amniotic fluid Amniotic fluid
7644 Gemma alloenterica Alloenteric bud Alloenteric bud
7645 Diverticulum allantoicum Ductus allantoicus Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic duct
7646 Vasa primordialia pedunculi Primordial vessels of connecting Primordial vessels of connecting

7647 Pedunculus vesiculae umbilicalis Pedunculus sacci vitellini Umbilical stalk Umbilical stalk Stalk of yolk sac
7648 Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria Saccus vitellinus secundarius Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary yolk sac
7649 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini Cavity of secondary umbilical Cavity of secondary umbilical Cavity of secondary yolk sac
secundariae secundariiError! vesicle vesicle
Bookmark not
defined.
yolk sac
endodermati extraembryonico to extra-embryonic endoderm to extraembryonic endoderm
adjunctus
umbilicalis
7653 Cellula staminalis germinalis Primordial germ cell Primordial germ cell
7654 Pedunculus vesiculae umbilicalis Pedunculus sacci vitellini Umbilical stalk Umbilical stalk Stalk of yolk sac
7655 Vas omphalomesentericum Vas vitellinum Omphalomesenteric vessel Omphalomesenteric vessel Vitelline vessel
7657 PARTES MEMBRANARUM COMPONENTS OF EXTRA- COMPONENTS OF

EXTRAEMBRYONICARUM POST EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES EXTRAEMBRYONIC
DIEM XIX AFTER DAY 19 MEMBRANES AFTER DAY 19
7659 Gemma alloenterica Alloenteric bud Alloenteric bud
7660 Canalisatio Canalisation Canalisation
7661 Pars proximalis Proximal part Proximal part
7662 Murus ventralis metenteri Ventral wall of hindgut Ventral wall of hindgut
7663 Pars distalis Distal part Distal part
7665 Pedunculus allantoicus Allantoic part of connecting stalk Allantoic part of connecting stalk
7668 Amnion Amnion Amnion

7669 Ectoderma extraembryonicum Extra-embryonic ectoderm Extraembryonic ectoderm
7670 Mesenchyma amnioticum Amniotic mesenchyme Amniotic mesenchyme
7671 Mesothelium amnioticum Amniotic mesothelium Amniotic mesothelium

7673 Vesicula chorionica Saccus chorionicus Chorionic vesicle Chorionic vesicle Chorionic sac
7674 Trophoblastus Trophoblast Trophoblast Outer cell mass; Trophectoderm

7679 Trophoblastus villosus Villous trophoblast Villous trophoblast
7682 Centrum cytotrophoblasticum Cytotrophoblastic core of Cytotrophoblastic core of
villi secundarii secondary villus secondary villus
7683 Centrum mesenchymale villi Mesenchymal core of Mesenchymal core of
secundarii secondary villus secondary villus
7685 Vasa primordialia villi tertiarii Primordial vessels of tertiary Primordial vessels of tertiary
villus villus
7686 Villus mesenchymalis Mesenchymal villus Mesenchymal villus Endnote 417
7687 Villus ancorans Anchoring villus Anchoring villus
7688 Trophoblastus extravillosus Extravillous trophoblast Extravillous trophoblast EVT Endnote 418
7689 Cytotrophoblastus Interstitial cytotrophoblast Interstitial cytotrophoblast Endnote 419
interstitialis
7690 Cytotrophoblastus Endovascular cytotrophoblast Endovascular cytotrophoblast Endnote 420
endovascularis
7692 Villus ramosus Branching villus Branching villus
7694 Spatium subchorionicum Subchorial lake Subchorial lake
7695 Sinus marginalis Marginal sinus Marginal sinus
7697 Testa cytotrophoblastica Cytotrophoblastic shell Cytotrophoblastic shell
7698 Cellula trophoblastica Mononuclear trophoblastic cell Mononuclear trophoblastic cell
mononucleata
7699 Cellula gigantea trophoblastica Trophoblastic giant cell Trophoblastic giant cell
7700 Cellula gigantea trophoblastica Mononuclear trophoblastic Mononuclear trophoblastic
mononucleata giant cell giant cell
7701 Cellula gigantea trophoblastica Multinuclear trophoblastic giant Multinuclear trophoblastic giant
multinucleata cell cell
7702 Cellula gigantea trophoblastica Intravascular trophoblastic Intravascular trophoblastic
intravascularis giant cell giant cell
7703 Columna cellularum Cytotrophoblastic cell column Cytotrophoblastic cell column
cytotrophoblasticarum
7704 Chorion laeve Chorion laeve Chorion laeve Smooth chorion
yolk sac
7707 Mesenchyma vesiculae umbilicalis Mesenchyma sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Yolk sac mesenchyme
7708 Mesothelium vesiculae umbilicalis Mesothelium sacci vitellini Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle Mesothelium of yolk sac
7709 FUNICULUS UMBILICALIS EARLY UMBILICAL CORD EARLY UMBILICAL CORD

INITIALIS

7710 Amniochorion Amniochorion Amniochorion
7711 Textus mucoideus connectivus Mucoid connective tissue Mucoid connective tissue §Wharton§
7712 A. umbilicalis Umbilical artery Umbilical artery
duct
7718 Coeloma umbilicale Umbilical coelom Umbilical celom
7719 PARTES MATERNAE MATERNAL PARTS OF MATERNAL PARTS OF

MEMBRANARUM MEMBRANES MEMBRANES
7720 Endometrium basale Basal endometrium Basal endometrium
7721 Reactio predecidualis Predecidual reaction Predecidual reaction
7722 Margo syncytiodecidualis Syncytiodecidual interface Syncytiodecidual interface
7723 Reactio decidualis Decidual reaction Decidual reaction
7724 Cellula decidualis Decidual cell Decidual cell
7725 Decidua Decidua Decidua
7726 Decidua basalis Basal decidua Basal decidua
7727 Crypta endometrii Endometrial crypt Endometrial crypt
7728 Septum placentae Placental septum Placental septum Endnote 421
7729 Insula cellularum placentae Placental cell island Placental cell island
7730 Glandula uterina Uterine gland Uterine gland
7731 Zona limitans decidualis Decidual boundary zone Decidual boundary zone Endnote 422
7732 Substantia fibrinoidea Fibrinoid substance Fibrinoid substance
7733 Decidua capsularis Capsular decidua Capsular decidua
7734 Operculum deciduale Decidual operculum Decidual operculum
7735 Decidua parietalis Parietal decidua Parietal decidua
7736 Adnexa fetalia Fetal membranes Fetal membranes

7737 MEMBRANAE FETALES DEFINITIVE FETAL DEFINITIVE FETAL
DEFINITIVAE MEMBRANES MEMBRANES
7740 Amniochorion Amniochorion Amniochorion
7741 Decidua Decidua Decidua
7742 Placenta Placenta Placenta
7743 FUNICULUS UMBILICALIS UMBILICAL CORD UMBILICAL CORD

7745 Textus mucoideus connectivus Mucoid connective tissue Mucoid connective tissue
7746 A. umbilicalis Umbilical artery Umbilical artery
7747 Anastomosis interarterialis Transverse interarterial Transverse interarterial §Hyrtl§
transversa anastomosis anastomosis

7749 V. umbilicalis impar Unpaired umbilical vein Unpaired umbilical vein
7750 Ductus omphaloentericus Ductus vitellointestinalis Omphalo-enteric duct Omphaloenteric duct Vitellointestinal duct
7751 Diverticulum allantoicum Ductus allantoicus Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic diverticulum
7752 PARTES PLACENTAE PARTS OF MATURING PARTS OF MATURING

MATURANTIS PLACENTA PLACENTA
7753 Lamina chorionica Chorionic plate Chorionic plate
7754 Truncus chorionicus Truncus chorii Chorionic trunk Chorionic trunk
7755 Ramus chorionicus Chorionic branch Chorionic branch
7756 Ramulus chorionicus Chorionic twig Chorionic twig
7758 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium
7759 Vesicula umbilicalis Saccus vitellinus Umbilical vesicle) Umbilical vesicle Yolk sac
7760 Stratum textus connectivus Dense connective tissue layer Dense connective tissue layer
compactus
7761 Vas umbilicale Umbilical vessel Umbilical vessel
7762 Cytotrophoblastus Cytotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast §Langhans§
7763 Lamina cytotrophoblastica Cytotrophoblast layer Cytotrophoblast layer §Langhans§
7764 Cellula trophoblastica Cytotrophoblastic cell Cytotrophoblastic cell §Langhans§
7765 Substantia fibrinoidea Fibrinoid substance Fibrinoid substance §Langhans§
Endnote 423
7766 Paries internus syncytialis spatii Syncytial inner wall of intervillous Syncytial inner wall of intervillous
intervillosi space space
7767 Cotyledo Lobulus Cotyledon Cotyledon Lobule
7768 Cotyledo maternalis Maternal cotyledon Maternal cotyledon Endnote 424
7769 Cotyledo fetalis Fetal cotyledon Fetal cotyledon Endnote 425
7770 Villus peduncularis major Truncus chorii Main stem villus Main stem villus Anchoring stem villus Endnote 426
7771 Villus peduncularis Stem villus Stem villus Endnote 427
7772 Villus intermedius immaturus Immature intermediate villus Immature intermediate villus Endnote 428
7773 Villus mesenchymalis Mesenchymal villus Mesenchymal villus
7774 Gemma villosa Villous sprout Villous sprout
7775 Villus terminalis Terminal villus Terminal villus Endnote 429
7776 Elementa villi Components of villi Components of villi
7777 Centrum villi Core of villus Core of villus
7778 Textus connectivus compactus Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue
7780 Myofibroblastus Myofibroblast Myofibroblast
7781 Macrophagocytus Macrophage Macrophage §Hofbauer§
7782 Rete arteriocapillarovenosum Arteriocapillary venous network Arteriocapillary venous network
7783 Endothelium continuum Endothelial continuum Endothelial continuum
7784 Cortex villi Outer part of villus Outer part of villus
7785 Vestigium cytotrophoblasti Vestige of cytotrophoblast Vestige of cytotrophoblast §Langhans§
7786 Nodus syncytialis Syncytial knot Syncytial knot Endnote 430

7787 Superficies villi Surface of villus Surface of villus

7789 Gemma syncytialis Syncytial sprout Syncytial sprout Endnote 431
7790 Microvillus Microvillus Microvillus
7791 Substantia fibrinoidea perivillosa Perivillous fibrin Perivillous fibrin §Rohr§
Endnote 432
7792 Substantia fibrinoidea intravillosa Intravillous fibrin Intravillous fibrin §Rohr§
7794 Membrana placentae Placental membrane Placental membrane Endnote 433
7795 Claustrum placentae Placental barrier Placental barrier
7796 Pars basalis placentae Basal plate of placenta Basal plate of placenta
7797 Pars basalis placentae propriae Basal plate of placenta proper Basal plate of placenta proper
7798 Paries externus syncytialis spatii Syncytial outer wall of intervillous Syncytial outer wall of intervillous
intervillosi space space
7801 Stria fibrinoidea externa External fibrinoid layer External fibrinoid layer §Rohr§
7802 Vestigium testae trophoblasticae Vestige of trophoblastic shell Vestige of trophoblastic shell
7803 Trophoblastus extravillosus Extravillous trophoblast Extravillous trophoblast EVT
7804 Textus connectivus laxus Loose connective tissue Loose connective tissue
7805 Zona limitans decidualis Decidual boundary zone Decidual boundary zone
7806 Stria fibrinoidea interna Internal fibrinoid layer Internal fibrinoid layer §Nitabuch§
7807 A. spiralis uteri Spiral artery of uterus Spiral artery of uterus

7808 Decidua basalis Basal decidua Basal decidua
7809 Septum placentae Septum cotyledonarium Placental septa Placental septa Cotyledonary septa Endnote 434
7810 PARAPLACENTA PARAPLACENTA PARAPLACENTA Endnote 435

7811 Chorion laeve Chorion laeve Chorion laeve Smooth chorion
7812 Decidua parietalis Parietal decidua Parietal decidua
7813 PLACENTA PLACENTA PLACENTA

7814 Insignia placentae humanae Features of human placenta Features of human placenta
7815 Placenta haemochorialis Haemochorial placenta Haemochorial placenta
7816 Placenta deciduata Deciduate placenta Deciduate placenta
7817 Placenta discoidea Discoid placenta Discoid placenta
7818 Vascularisatio chorioallantoica Chorio-allantoic vascularization Chorioallantoic vascularization
7819 Membrana haemochorialis Haemochorial membrane Hemochorial membrane
7820 Gradus formationis placentae Stages of placental formation Stages of placental formation
7821 Gradus villosus initialis Initial villous stage Initial villous stage
7822 Gradus labyrintheus Labyrinthine stage Labyrinthine stage
7823 Gradus villosus definitivus Definitive villous stage Definitive villous stage
7824 Insertio centralis funiculi Central insertion of umbilical cord Central insertion of umbilical cord
umbilicalis
7825 FORMAE PLACENTAE VARIETIES OF PLACENTAL VARIETIES OF PLACENTAL

FORM FORM

7826 Placenta accessoria Placenta succenturiata Accessory placenta Accessory placenta Succenturiate placenta
7827 Placenta anularis Anular placenta Anular placenta
7828 Placenta bilobata Placenta bipartita Bilobed placenta Bilobed placenta Bidiscoid placenta; Bipartite
placenta; Placenta duplex
7829 Placenta discoidea Discoid placenta Discoid placenta
7830 Placenta lobata Lobed placenta Lobed placenta Placenta furcata
7831 Placenta membranacea Diffuse placenta Diffuse placenta Membranous placenta
7832 Placenta multilobata Placenta multipartita Multilobed placenta Multilobed placenta Placenta multiplex
7833 Placenta trilobata Placenta tripartita; Placenta triplex Three-lobed placenta Three lobed placenta
7834 Placenta vallata Placenta circumvallata Vallate placenta Vallate placenta Circumvallate placenta
7835 Varietates insertionis funiculi Varieties of umbilical cord Varieties of umbilical cord
umbilicalis insertion insertion
7836 Insertio centralis Central insertion Central insertion
7837 Insertio marginalis Marginal insertion Marginal insertion Battledore placenta
7838 Insertio velamentosa Velamentous insertion Velamentous insertion
7839 Varietates situs placentae Varieties of placental site Varieties of placental site
7840 Situs dorsalis placentae Dorsal placental site Dorsal placental site
7841 Situs lateralis placentae Lateral placental site Lateral placental site
7842 Situs ventralis placentae Ventral placental site Ventral placental site
7843 Situs fundalis placentae Fundal placental site Fundal placental site
7844 Situs cornualis placentae Cornual placental site Cornual placental site
7845 Placenta previa Placenta previa Placenta previa
7846 Placenta previa centralis Central placenta previa Central placenta previa
7847 Placenta previa lateralis Lateral placenta previa Lateral placenta previa
7848 Placenta previa marginalis Marginal placenta previa Marginal placenta previa
7849 Situs cervicalis placentae Cervical placental site Cervical placental site
7850 Varietates vascularisationis Varieties of placental Varieties of placental

placentae vascularization vascularization
7851 Vascularisatio dispersa placentae Disperse placental vascularization Disperse placental vascularization Endnote 436
7852 Vascularisatio magistralis Magistral placental vascularization Magistral placental vascularization Endnote 437
placentae
7853 ANOMALIAE MEMBRANARUM ANOMALIES OF FETAL ANOMALIES OF FETAL

FETALIUM MEMBRANES MEMBRANES
7854 Anomaliae amnii et liquoris Amniotic and amniotic fluid Amniotic and amniotic fluid
amniotici anomalies anomalies
7855 Amnion commune Common amnion Common amnion
7856 Adhaesio amnii Amniotic adhesion Amniotic adhesion
7857 Hydramnion Polyhydramnion Hydramnios Hydramnios Polyhydramnios
7858 Oligohydramnion Oligohydramnios Oligohydramnios Oligamnios
7859 Taenia amniotica Amniotic band Amniotic band
7860 Anomaliae chorii Chorionic anomalies Chorionic anomalies

7861 Chorion commune Common chorion Common chorion
7862 Deformitas placentae Placental deformity Placental deformity
7863 Defectus placentae Placental defect Placental defect
7864 Defectus paraplacentalis chorii Chorionic paraplacental defect Chorionic paraplacental defect
7865 Anomaliae funiculi umbilicalis Umbilical cord anomalies Umbilical cord anomalies
7866 A. umbilicalis singularis Single umbilical artery Single umbilical artery
7867 Funiculus umbilicalis glomeratus Looped umbilical cord Looped umbilical cord
7868 Strangulatio Strangulation Strangulation
7869 Amputatio Amputation Amputation
7870 Nodus spurius funiculi umbilicalis False knot of umbilical cord False knot of umbilical cord
7871 Nodus verus funiculi umbilicalis True knot of umbilical cord True knot of umbilical cord
7872 Vesicula allantoica Allantoic cyst Allantoic cyst
7873 Anomaliae placentae Placental anomalies Placental anomalies

7874 Placenta accreta Placenta accreta Placenta accreta
7875 Placenta adhaerens Adherent placenta Adherent placenta
7876 Placenta extrachorialis Extrachorial placenta Extrachorial placenta
7877 Placenta fenestrata Fenestrated placenta Fenestrated placenta
7878 Placenta incarcerata Incarcerated placenta Incarcerated placenta
7879 Placenta increta Placenta increta Placenta increta
7880 Placenta panduriformis Panduriform placenta Panduriform placenta
7881 Placenta percreta Placenta percreta Placenta percreta

ENDNOTES
321 Leptomeninx; Arachnoidea mater craniospinalis; Arachnoidea mater cranialis The term ‘mater' has been deleted in English.
322 Migratio cateniformis Chain migration occurs in the Olfactory bulb (see Lois C, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A 1996 Chain Migration of Neuronal Precursors. Science 271, 978-981).
323 Neuroepithelium columnare The cells of the early neural tube that give rise to glial and ependymal cells were formerly known as spongioblasts.
324 Neuroblastus; Neuron immaturum apolare; Neuron immaturum unipolare; Neuron immaturum bipolare; Neuron immaturum multipolare The term neuroblast is commonly used for an immature neuron of the
intermediate zone. However, because they are postmitotic and are capable of differentiation but not of further division, the term immature neuron is recommended for this and for similar stages elsewhere.
325 Microglia Microglial cells do not appear in the CNS until after it is invaded by blood vessels and mononuclear cells, and are not derived from the ventricular zone.
326 Neuroporus rostralis The term neuroporus anterior – anterior neuropore is frequently used but is not recommended for the human embryo.
327 Situs neuroporicus The importance of the location of the closure of the rostral neuropore is that it is said to be the site of origin of the lamina terminalis.
328 Lamina alaris The term Lamina dorsolateralis is confusing and has been deleted. Lamina alaris is correct. In English: only plate.
329 Lamina basalis; Lamina ventrolateralis The term Lamina ventrolateralis is also confusing and has been deleted.
330 Differentiatio epithelii tubi neuralis; Differentiatio neurectodermatis The development of the CNS is spatially and temporally three-dimensional; at the same time, there are features of the developing layers of
the CNS that are generally associated with a particular region, be it spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex. The development of the zones and the phases and regions in which they appear are
accommodated in this and succeeding sections.
331 Chiari II Chiari (Chiari H Ueber Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1891;17:1172-1175) defined three types of cerebellar deformity associated
with hydrocephalus, and acknowledged Cleland (Cleland J Contributions to the study of spina bifida, encephalocele and anencephalus. J Anat Physiol 1883;17:257-292) for describing the Chiari II type. In a
subsequent, extensively illustrated paper he added a fourth type (Chiari H Ueber Veränderungen des Kleinhirns, des Pons und der Medulla oblongata in Folge von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns.
Denkschr Kais Akad Wiss Math-naturwiss Classe 1896;63:71-116). Arnold (Arnold J Myelocyste, Transposition von Gewebskeimen und Sympodie. Ziegl Beitr Pathol Anat 1894;16:1-28) added one case. His
collaborators Schwalbe and Gredig (Schwalbe E, Gredig M Ueber Entwicklungsstörungen des Kleinhirns, Hirnstamms und Halsmarkes bei Spina bifida (Arnold'sche und Chiari'sche Miβbildung). Beitr Pathol Anat
Allg Pathol 1907;40:132-194) reported some additional cases, and suggested the term Arnold-Chiari malformation.
332 Encephalon Given the current state of knowledge, a system entailing neuromeres is a good working descriptor for use in organising the terminology of the developing CNS. Here, the prosomeric model
developed by Puelles and Rubinstein is used (see Puelles L Plan of the developing vertebrate nervous system. Relating embryology in the adult nervous system (prosomere model, overview of brain organization.
In: Rakic P and Rubinstein JLR, eds., Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience, Vol 1. New York, Elsevier pp 187-209; 2013). The model as presented is a reasonable framework to encompass the current
state of knowledge of this fluid topic. The model is ‘merely an epistemic instrument … which deals straightforwardly with the available data’ (Puelles, ibid.), and which could in due course be modified or be replaced.
333 Rhombomerus I-XI Usually, 8 rhombomeres are distinguished (see O'Rahilly R, Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed., New York; Wiley-Liss; 2006). More recently,
however, 11 rhombomeres are distinguished (Rh1-Rh11), several not morphologically distinguishable as true rhombomeres ('cryptorhombomeres'; see Alonso M, Merchán P, Sandoval E, Sánchez-Arrones L,
García-Cazorla A, Artuch R, Ferrán Jl, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Puelles L 2013; Tomas-Roca L, Corral-San-Miguel R, Aroca P, Puelles L, Marín F Crypto-rhombomeres of the mouse medulla oblongata, defined by
molecular and morphological features. Brain Struct Funct 2015;218:1239-1277). This approach, as already implemented for the mouse hindbrain (Watson C Hindbrain. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles, eds, The
Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp 398-423;2012), will be followed in this Section (see also Endnote 332). It should be emphasized, however, that temporarily only Rh1-6 are macroscopically visible.

The main difference between the old and new subdivision is the further subdivision of Rh8 into Rh8-11, based on the distribution of paralogue Hox4-8 gene markers. The Isthmic neuromere is also known as
Rhombomere 0 (Rh0).
334 Mesomerus I, II Contrary to previous studies, Mesomere 2 forms only a small, pre-isthmic part of the mesencephalon (see Martínez S, Puelles E, Puelles L, Echevarria D Molecular regionalization of the
developing neural tube. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012 pp 2-18; Puelles 2013, see Endnote 332 for full reference).
335 Prosomerus I-III Prosomeres 1-3 are the Caudal prosomeres, and give rise to the Diencephalon (= Pretectum, Epithalamus, Thalamus, Prethalamus, and Diencephalic tegmentum).
336 Prosomerus hypothalami et telencephali I-II The caudal and rostral secondary prosencephalon derive from the two hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres, and give rise to the Hypothalamus and the
Telencephalon.
337 Rhombomerus VIII-XI Molecular markers are quite specific for definitive rhombomeres at very early stages. Molecularly-defined rhombomeres can be seen earlier than the 6 macroscopic bulges which led
initially to their discovery. This is due to the fact that when a rhombomere is specified differentially, it also acquires differential regulation of its proliferating progenitors, leading secondarily to the interrhombomeric
boundaries as sites of less proliferation. The concept of the prorhombomeres A-D, going back to Vaage S (The segmentation of the primitive neural tube in chick embryos. Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch 1969;41:3-
87), and advocated by O'Rahilly and Müller (The Embryonic Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. Wiley-Liss, New York; 2006), is not consistent with these data, irrespective of the presence of transient
larger swellings of the hindbrain wall that have received these names. Molecular data clearly identify 11 rhombomeres (Alonso et al. 2013; Tomas-Roca et al. 2015; Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas; for full
references see Endnote 333).
338 Labium rhomboideum laminae alaris The Rhombic lip (the 'Rautenleiste' of His: His W Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Rautenhirns vom Ende des ersten bis zum Beginn des dritten Monats. I.
Verlängertes Mark. Abh Kön Sächs Ges Wiss Math Phys Kl 1890;29:1-74) is the dorsolateral part of the alar plate, and it forms a proliferative zone along the length of the hindbrain. Cells from its rostral part, the
Upper rhombic lip, form the External germinal or granular layer at the end of the embryonic period. The Lower rhombic lip gives rise to the Pontine nuclei, the Cochlear nuclei and the Inferior olivary complex (Bloch-
Gallego E, Causeret F, Ezan F, Backer S, Hidalgo-Sánchez M Development of precerebellar nuclei: Inductive factors and intracellular mediators in neuronal migration, survival and axonal pathfinding. Brain Res
Rev 2005;49:253-266).
339 Tegmentum pontis Although the term Pontine tegmentum is traditionally used, from an embryological point of view, a further subdivision into Prepontine (Rh0-2), Pontine (Rh3, 4) and Retropontine (Rh5, 6)
parts of the tegmentum is advocated. This approach is also applied in the revised Terminologia Anatomica. Some examples are given. For a full ontological subdivision of the mouse brain, see Allen: Developing
Mouse Brain Atlas (www.deve;opingmouse.brain-map.org).
340 Tuberculum cerebelli Hochstetter F (1929) Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns, II. Teil, 3. Lieferung: Die Entwicklung des Mittel- und Rautenhirns. Deuticke, Vienna.
341 Subdivisiones cerebelli Edinger's archaic terms Archicerebellum, Paleocerebellum and Neocerebellum have been deleted.
342 Neuron golgiense magnum immaturum The use of 'stellatum' for the Golgi cells is unfortunate, given the presence of other Stellate cells in the Molecular layer. Following the CNS Section of Terminologia
Neuroanatomica, the official term is Neuron golgiense magnum immaturum, and the English official term: Immature large Golgi cell.
343 Neuron golgiense parvum immaturum Ibid., for Small stellate cell.
344 Phases histogeneticae The One- to Four-zone phases occur during the embryonic period, the Five- and Six-zone phases in the fetal period, and the Definitive phase in the newborn. The Stratum germinale
externum persists until the end of the first year (O'Rahilly R, Müller FHuman Embryology & Teratology, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss, 2001; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Wesseling P, Thijssen HOM, Renier WO
2003 J Neurol 250:1025-1036; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology. Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York,
Dordrecht, London, Springer; 2014).

345 Conditor liminis inter mesencephalon et rhombencephalon The Midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer or Isthmic organizer was identified through transplantation experiments in chick embryos (Martínez S,
Wassef M, Alvarado-Mallart RM Induction of a mesencephalic phenotype in the 2-day-old-chick prosencephalon is preceded by the early expression of the homeobox gene En. Neuron 1991;6:971-981; Marín F,
Puelles L Patterning of of the embyonic avian midbrain after experimental inversions: A polarizing activity from the isthmus. Dev Biol 1994;163:19-37; Rhinn M, Brand M The midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer.
Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001;11:34-42). The MHB is required for the differentiation and patterning of the midbrain and hindbrain (Kiecker C, Lumsden A The role of organizers in patterning the nervous system. Annu
Rev Neurosci 2012;35:347-367).
346 Pedunculus cerebri; Crus cerebri Traditionally, the Mesencephalon was subdivided into the Tectum (the Colliculi) and the Pedunculus (the Crus cerebri, the Substantia nigra/VTA-complex and the Tegmentum
mesencephali). Here, it is advocated to use the term Pedunculus only for what it actually is: a large bundle of fibres from the Telencephalon to the Brain stem and Spinal cord. It has been changed accordingly in the
Section CNS of the TNA.
347 Anomaliae trunci encephali For a recent developmental and genetic classification for brain stem malformations, see Barkovich AJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB. A developmental and genetic classification for
midbrain-hindbrain malformations. Brain 2009;132:3199-3230.
348 Disinnervationes congenitales nervorum cranalium A group of congenital neuromuscular diseases, characterized by abnormal eye, eyelid and/or facial movement, are currently termed Congenital cranial
dysinnervation disorders (Gutowski NJ, Bosley TM, Engle E Workshop Report (110th ENMC International Workshop: The congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs). Neuromusc Disord 2003;13:573-
578). One of these is Möbius syndrome (Paralysis congenita abducentofacialis). One of the most interesting syndromes is the HOXA1 syndrome (Bosley TM, Alorainy IA, Salih MA, Aldhalaan HM, Abu-Amero KK,
Oystreck DT, et al. The clinical spectrum of homozygous HOXA1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A 146A: 2008;1235-1240).
349 Malformatio vermis Agenesis or hypoplasia of the vermis may be found in a large number of malformations of the brain (see Barkovich AJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB A developmental and genetic classification for
midbrain-hindbrain malformations. Brain 2009;132:3199-3230; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology. Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system,
2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London; Springer, 2014) such as the Dandy-Walker, Joubert and Meckel-Gruber syndromes.
350 Divisiones prosencephali The embryonic Prosencephalon is currently subdivided into a Caudal prosencephalon, giving rise to the Caudal diencephalon (P1-P3, or Synencephalon, Caudal parencephalon and
Rostral parencephalon, respectively) and the Rostral or Secondary prosencephalon, giving rise to the Hypothalamus (the Rostral diencephalon), the Eye vesicles, the Neurohypophysis and the entire
Telencephalon. The current TE, based on O'Rahilly and Müller's subdivision (O'Rahilly R, Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006) into the
prosomeres D2 (roughly P1-P3), D1 and T is rather arbitrarily. They defined the rostral border of their D1 as the rostral border of the Chiasmatic plate, so as to include the Eye vesicle in D1, and their T
(Telencephalon medium) as the part rostral to D1. The description used here is based on the prosomeric model developed by Puelles and Rubinstein (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C A
developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578; see also Endnote 329).
351 Divisiones diencephali Here, the old terms based on Herrick's columnar doctrine (Herrick CJ The morphology of the forebrain in Amphibia and Reptilia. J Comp Neurol 1910;20:413-547; generalized by
Kuhlenbeck H Vorlesungen über das Zentralnervensystem der Wirbeltiere. Jena, Fischer; 1927) have been replaced by the modern subdivision of the Diencephalon into transverse zones (transverse to the
longitudinal axis of the brain). The Alar parts of the prosomeres P1-P3 form the (Caudal) Diencephalon (Pretectum, Epithalamus, Thalamus and Prethalamus). The term Thalamus replaces Dorsal thalamus and
includes the Metathalamus, whereas the term Prethalamus replaces the Ventral thalamus. The Basal parts of these prosomeres form the Tegmentum diencephali or Tegmentum prerubrale. The Hypothalamus
arises from the Hypothalamic prosomeres, but may be viewed as 'Rostral Diencephalon'.
352 Zona limitans intrathalamica; Limes medius diencephali The Zona limitans intrathalamica is a transversal ventricular ridge in the diencephalic neural tube, corresponding to a surface transverse constriction
between P2 and P3, originally described as Zona limitans intraparencephalica by Rendahl (Rendahl H Embryologische und morphologische Studien über das Zwischenhirn beim Huhn. Acta Zool (Stockh)
1924;5:214-344). Its role is crucial for the development of the entire thalamus (Kiecker C, Lumsden A The role of organizers in patterning the nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 2012;35:347-367; Puelles L,
Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Bardet S, Rubinstein JLR Hypothalamus. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier; 2012, pp 221-312).

353 Derivativa zonarum longitudinalium diencephali The derivatives of the four fundamental Diencephalic longitudinal zones are continuous with those of the Midbrain as observed with molecular markers. The Floor
plate reaches only as far as the Mammillary body. In the Forebrain, the alar-basal boundary is not marked by sulci such as the Sulcus limitans of His in the Brain stem (Martínez S, Puelles E, Puelles L, Echevarria D
Molecular regionalization of the developing neural tube. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2012, pp 2-18).
354 Nucleus commissurae posterioris In Terminologia Anatomica, The Nucleus commissurae posterioris included Dorsal, Interstitial and Ventral subdivisions. The first two are alar plate derivatives. The so-called
Ventral subdivision (the Nucleus of Darkschewitsch) is a basal plate derivative, and is renamed as Nucleus ellipticus following data on Cetacea and Proboscidea (see Büttner-Ennever JA, Horn AKE, eds Olszewski
and Baxrer's Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem, 3rd revised and extended edition. Basel, Karger; 2014).
355 Nuclei anteriores thalami For each of the groups of the thalamic nuclei, one or more examples are given; for a complete list see the Section CNS of Terminologia Neuroanatomica.
356 Pars diencephalica substantiae nigrae The Substantia nigra appears to arise from the prosomeres 1-3, the mesomeres 1 and 2, and the isthmic rhombomere (Puelles L, Verney C Early neuromeric distribution
of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in human embryos. J Comp Neurol 1998;194:283-308; Verney C, Zecevic N, Puelles L Structure of longitudinal brain zones that provide the origin for the substantia
nigra and ventral tegmental area in human embryos, as revealed by cytoarchitecture and tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, calbindin, and GABA immunoreactions. J Comp Neurol 2001;429:22-44). The Ventral
tegmental area arises from the same neuromeres.
357 Crista neuralis anterior The Anterior neural ridge plays an important role in anteroposterior patterning of the forebrain (Shimamura K, Rubinstein JLR Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the
mouse forebrain. Development 1997;124:2709-2718; Rubinstein JLR, Shimamura K, Martínez S, Puelles L. Regionalization of the prosencephalic neural plate. Annu Rev Neurosci 1998;21:445-477).
358 Cavitas prosencephalica In the prosomeric model, the Cavitas prosencephalica becomes divided into a Cavitas diencephalica and a Cavitas hypothalamica.
359 Pars diencephalica ventriculi tertii The Ventriculus tertius consists of a Pars diencephalica and a Pars hypothalamica. The latter communicates through the Foramen interventriculare with the Ventriculus
lateralis, and has a preoptic extension, the Recessus preopticus.
360 Crista marginalis; Crista limitans The Marginal ridge marks the position of the Zona limitans intrathalamica of Rendahl, not visible from the inside; below this ridge a Sulcus medius may be recognized. As
synonym Crista limitans; Limiting intrathalamic ridge (L Puelles, personal communication) has been added.
361 Sulcus hypothalamicus The Sulcus hypothalamicus marks the rostral boundary of the (Caudal) Diencephalon towards the Hypothalamus (the 'Rostral' Diencephalon). Hochstetter (Hochstetter F Beiträge zur
Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. I. Teil. Vienna, Deuticke; 1919) named it the Sulcus of Monro (S.M.), later often confused with the Sulcus medius.
362 Velum transversum The Velum transversum does not limit the Diencephalon from the Telencephalon, but it appears at the apex of the Zona limitans intrathalamica and, therefore, limits the roof of the
Prethalamus from that of the Thalamus (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Warson C A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578).
363 Lamina affixa The caudal part of the Eminentia prethalamica forms a protrusion at the posterior side of the Interventricular foramen, whereas its rostral part is drawn into the developing hemisphere. For a long
time, these relations were explained by postulating that during ontogenesis a thin, membranous part of the telencephalic wall adheres to the dorsal surface of the thalamus, i.e. the Lamina affixa. Actually, this
structure does not exist (Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C The Human Central Nervous System, 4th ed. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, Springer, 2008; Puelles L, Martínez S, Martínez de la Torre M
Neuroanatomía. Buenos Aires, Madrid, Médica Panamericana; 2008). The territory in question, as already pointed out by Hochstetter (1919), represents the dorsal part of the Prethalamic territory, intercalated
between the Thalamus proper and the Cerebral hemisphere.
364 Lamina terminalis The Embryonic lamina terminalis or Lamina reuniens ('Schlussplatte' of His: His W Die Formentwickelung des menschlichen Vorderhirns vom Ende des ersten bis zum Beginn des drittem
Monats. Abh Kön Sächs Ges Wiss Math Phys Kl 1889;15:675-735) closes the Neural tube between the Chiasmatic ridge and the Septal roof. Following His, Rakic and Yakovlev (Rakic P, Yakovlev PI Development
of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. J Comp Neurol 1968;132:45-72) suggested that the Lamina reuniens divides into a dorsal part (the Massa commissuralis or 'Trapezplatte' of His) and a ventral part
(the Lamina terminalis sensu stricto or 'Endplatte' of His; see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system,

2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London ;Springer 2014, Chapter 10). According to the prosomeric model, The Lamina terminalis arises from the Alar plate, and the Massa commissuralis (septi) from the
Roof plate.
365 Cavum septi pellucidi rostrale A Cavum septi pellucidi between two Medial medullary vela (term suggested by Raybaud C The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum
pellucidum: Anatomy, development, and malformations. Neuroradiology 2010;52:447-477) is present in every normal fetus up to 6 months of gestation, but it gradually narrows from the splenium towards the genu
so that the posterior part is usually obliterated by the time of birth and the rostral part by about 3 months after birth (Shaw CM, Alvord EC Jr Cava septi pellucidi et Vergae: Their normal and pathological states.
Brain 1969;92:213-224; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer; 2014). A Cavum septi pellucidi remains in about 20% of
children; if the rostral part persists the cavity is known as Cavum septi pellucidi; if the caudal part remains open, the cavity is called Cavum Vergae.
366 Torus hemisphericus Temporarily, the Torus hemisphericus marks the border between the third and lateral ventricles. Externally, this is marked by the Sulcus diencephalicotelencephalicus (see O'Rahilly R,
Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006).
367 Eminentia ventricularis lateralis; Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis The term Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis is added as a Latin synonym for the commonly used English term Lateral ganglionic eminence. The
latter gives rise to the Nucleus caudatus, the Putamen and the Nucleus accumbens.
368 Eminentia ventricularis medialis; Eminentia ganglionaris medialis At the level of the Interventricular foramen, the medial surface of the Medial ventricular eminence forms part of the Third ventricle. On that
account, Kahle (Kahle W Zur Entwicklung des menschlichen Zwischenhirns. D Z Nervenheilk 1956;175:259-318), Richter (Richter E Die Entwicklung des Globus pallidus und des Corpus subthalamicum. Berlin,
Heidelberg, New York; Springer; 1965), and, more recently, O'Rahilly and Müller (The Embryonic Human Brain, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006), considered the Globus pallidus to be of diencephalic origin. The
term Eminentia ganglionaris medialis is added as a Latin synonym for the commonly used English term Medial ganglionic eminence. The latter gives rise to both parts of the Globus pallidus.
369 Eminentia ventricularis caudalis Eminentia ganglionaris caudalis The Eminentia ventricularis caudalis gives rise to most of the Amygdaloid complex.
370 Corpus gangliothalamicum Between the 16th and 34th week of gestation, cells pass from the Medial ganglionic eminence into the lateral and posterior parts of the Thalamus. Most of these neurons migrate
along a transient fetal structure, the Gangliothalamic body (Rakic P, Sidman RL Telencephalic origin of pulvinar neurons in the fetal human brain. Z Anat Entwicklungsgeschichte 1969;129:53-82; Letinić K, Kostović
I Transient fetal structure, the gangliothalamic body, connects telencephalic germinal zone with all thalamic regions in the developing human brain. J Comp Neurol 1997;384:373-395).
371 Pallium The archaic terms Neopallium, Paleopallium and Archipallium have been deleted.
372 Pallium laterale Recent studies suggest that the Lateral pallium gives rise to the Claustro-insular complex (see Puelles L Development and evolution of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR,
Ramachandran VS, eds, The Claustrum: Structural, functional and clinical neuroscience. San Diego, Academic Press, 2014, pp 119-176).
373 Sulci secundarii Secondary and Tertiary sulci are important in MRI studies and diagnosis of the fetal brain (see Garel C MRI of the Fetal Brain. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Springer, 2004).
374 Pedunculus hemisphericus 'Hemisphärenstiel' of Hochstetter (Hochstetter F Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. I. Teil. Deuticke, Vienn; 1919).
375 Fasciculus prosencephalicus lateralis 'Stammbündel' of His (His W Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Gehirns während der ersten Monate. Hirzel, Leipzig; 1904).
376 Fasciculus longitudinalis superior For DTI studies of long association fibres in the human fetal brain, see Huang H, Xue R, Zhang J, Ren T, Richards LJ, Yarowski P, et al. Anatomical characterization of human
fetal brain development with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (J Neurosci 2009;29:4263-4273), and Vasung L, Huang H, Jovanov-Milošević N, Pletikos M, Mori S, Kostović I. Development of axonal
pathways in the human fetal fronto=limbic brain. Histochemical characterization and diffusion tensor imaging. (J Anat 2010;217:400-407). For a complete list of Long association fibres, see Section CNS of
Terminologia Neuroanatomica.

377 Limbus corticalis The Cortical hem is an important source of Cajal-Retzius cells at the interface between the primordial hippocampus and the choroid plexus (see Meyer G Genetic control of neuronal
migrations in human cortical development. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2007;189:1-114; Meyer G Building a human cortex: The evolutionary differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells and the cortical hem. J Anat
2010;217:334-343).
378 Dominationes histogeneticae et derivativae The old, comparative neuroanatomical terms Neostriatum (= Caudate nucleus, Putamen and Nucleus accumbens), Paleostriatum (= Globus pallidus) and
Archistriatum (= Amygdala) have been deleted.
379 Amygdala The Amygdala has pallial (from the Ventral pallium) and subpallial (from all four Subpallial domains) origins (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C A developmental ontology for the
mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578).
380 Stratum granulare subpiale The transient Subpial granular layer of Ranke develops from the Basal periolfactory subventricular zone (Brun A The subpial granular layer of the frontal cerebral cortex in man. Its
ontogeny and significance in congenital cortical malformations. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1965;179 (Suppl):1-98; Meyer G Building a human cortex: The evolutionary differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells and the
cortical hem. J Anat 2010;217:334-343).
381 Glioblastus radialis Recently, a much more prominent role for the Radial glial cells as Neural stem cells has been shown (see Kriegstein AR, Alvarez-Buylla A The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural
stem cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 2009;35:347-367).
382 Glioblastus radialis externus These cells from the Outer subventricular zone are Intermediate progenitor cells (see Kriegstein AR, Alvarez-Buylla A The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells.
Annu Rev Neurosci 2009;35:347-367; Hansen DV, Lui J, Parker PR, Kriegstein AR Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human neocortex. Nature 2010;464:554-561). During development and
in the adult brain, many neurons and glial cells are not the direct progeny of ventricular neural stem cells but instead originate from Intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). IPCs can generate neurons (nIPCs) or
generate glial cells, including oligodendrocytes (oIPCs) and astrocytes (aIPCs).
383 Phases histogeneticae The revised Boulder Committee Terminology (Bystron I, Blakemore C, Rakic P Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee revisited. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008;9:110-
122) is used.
384 Anomaliae corticis cerebri The subdivision of anomalies of the cerebral cortex is based on Barkovich et al. (Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GS, Dobyns WB A developmental and genetic
classification for malformations of cortical development: Update 2012. Brain 2012;135:1348-1369). Only the major malformations are mentioned. For an overview and examples, see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M,
Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and developmental disorders, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New Yotk, Dordrecht,London; Springer 2014.
385 Fasciculus longitudinalis callosalis The Fasciculus longitudinalis callosalis is an abnormal longitudinal bundle which failed to cross in the absence of the corpus callosum ('Balkenlängsbündel' of Probst). The
term Longitudinal callosal fascicle was suggested by Lee S-K, Mori S, Kim DJ, Kim SY, Kim DI. Diffusion tensor MR images visualizes the altered hemispheric fiber connection in callosal dysgenesis. AJNR Am J
Neuroradiol 2004;25:25-28.
386 Anomaliae decussationis The various modes of decussation of the Pyramidal tract were summarized by Yakovlev and Rakic (Yakovlev PI, Rakic P Patterns of decussation of bulbar two sides of the pyramids
and distribution of pyramidal tracts on two sides of the spinal cord. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1966;91:366-367). For examples, see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Wesseling P, Hori A, Keyser A, Rotteveel J.
Development and malformations of the human pyramidal tract. J Neurol 2004;251:1429-1442.
387 Cellula neuraliscristaeformis Cells that behave in a similar manner to neural crest cells but arise from other sources are here referred to as neural crest-like cells. However, they meld seamlessly with neural
crest cells into complexes and are then no longer morphologically distinguishable (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. The development of the neural crest in the human. J Anat 2007;211:335-351). The term neural crest is here
restricted to temporary aggregations of cells derived from the neural folds or tube and the term neural crest complex is used when neural crest-like cell are involved.

388 Axon; Neurofibra Axon refers to the axonal process only. Fibre or neurofibre refers to the combination of axon and Schwann cell. Thus, the terms myelinated fibre, nonmyelinated fibre and premyelin or
promyelin fibre include both axon(s) and Schwann cell(s).
389 Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam ventraliam; Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam motoriam; Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam anteriorem Ventral rootlet cell clusters are clusters of cells that differentiate into
Schwann cells which ensheath and eventually myelinate the axons of the ventral rootlet. Fraher J, Rossiter J. Cell clusters on developing rat ventral roots. Prenatal development. J Anat;1983:136,111-128; Fraher J,
Rossiter J. Cell clusters on rat ventral roots. II. Postnatal development. J Anat 1983;137:555-571.
390 Gliocyti peripherici The term Schwann cell is now almost universally ascribed to the PNS ensheathing cell. Terms including the stem neurolemm- are now rarely used.
391 Schwannocytus perifascicularis epithelioidalis Schwann cell precursors initially form a cellular sheath around axon bundles (perifascicular epithelioid Schwann cells). They then invade and partition the axon
bundles (segregating Schwann cells). Segregation is completed when a Schwann cell has completely surrounded the presumptively myelinated axon or the presumptively nonmyelinated axon bundle (ensheathing
Schwann cells).
392 Gliocyti peripherici; Schwannocytus segregans ; Schwannocytus involvens; Schwannocytus maturus; Schwannocytus nonmyelinopoieticus; Schwannocytus myelinopoieticus; Schwannocytus premyelinatus ;
Schwannocytus isolatus; Schwannocytus terminalis; Cellula teloglialis The term Schwann cell is now almost universally ascribed to the PNS ensheathing cell. Terms including the stem neurolemm- are now rarely
used. The term endoneurial sheath applies to the basal lamina of the Schwann cell and the collagenous sheath surrounding it. Inside that is the nerve fibre, defined as the axon(s) and the surrounding Schwann
cell(s). See above.
393: Schwannocytus uniaxonalis As a prerequisite for myelination each Schwann cell normally enfolds only one axon segment.
394 Segregatio canalium ionicorum Sodium and potassium channels are segregated into complementary membrane domains in the earliest stages of formation of nodes of Ranvier (Waxman SG, Ritchie JM.
Organisation of ion channels in the myelinated nerve fiber. Science 1985;228:1502-1507).
395 Eliminatio synapsium superfluarum In developing mammalian skeletal muscle several axons innervate a single motor end-plate. This polyneuronal innervation is lost in early postnatal life as inactive motor
neurons degenerate (Jordan C L. Ciliary neurotrophic factor may act in target musculature to regulate developmental synapse elimination. Dev Neurosci 1996;18:185-198; Favero M, Lorenzetto E, Bidoia C, Buffelli
M, Busetto G, Cangiano A. Synapse formation and elimination: role of activity studied in different models of adult muscle reinnervation.J Neurosci Res 2007;85:2610-9.
396 Fibroblastus endoneurialis/ Fibroblastus epineurialis/ Fibroblastus perineurialis Only endoneurial fibroblasts are now believed to be derived solely from neural crest cells: epineurial and perineural fibroblasts
may be of mixed lineage (Joseph NM, Mukouyama YS, Mosher JT, Jaegle M, Crone SA, Dormand EL, Lee KF, Meijer D, Anderson DJ, Morrison SJ. Neural crest cells undergo multilineage differentiation in
developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells. Development 2004;131:5599-5612).
397 Macrophagocytus The macrophages of peripheral nerve connective tissue are not derived from the neural crest.
398 Hypomyelinisatio congenita In congenital hypomyelination there is impairment of elements of the myelination process, including segregation, ensheathment and myelin formation.
399 Dysautonomia familiaris Familial dysautonomia is characterized by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, sensory disturbances, neurological disorders, psychical anomalies and ophthalmological
symptoms such as dry eyes, corneal anaesthesia, keratinized conjunctiva and cornea: a smooth tongue is accompanied by absence of fungiform papillae and taste buds.
400 Spatium intraretinale; Hiatus intraretinalis Although the cavity of the optic vesicle disappears, there remains a potential cleft, the site of so-called retinal detachment, which takes place between retinal layers..
401 Translatio introrsum Ganglion cell proneurons separate as the retina increases in thickness.

402 Tunica fibrosa bulbi The parts of the fibrous layer of the eyeball are derived from both head ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme surrounding the optic cup: their component parts are listed either under Eye
and related structures or under Optic mesenchyme.
403 Tunica vasculosa bulbi; Uvea The parts of the vascular layer of the eyeball are derived from both the optic cup and the surrounding ectomesenchyme: their component parts are listed either under Retina or
under Optic mesenchyme.
404 Epithelium posterius corneae This epithelium may be ectomesenchymal in origin.
405 Pars nonlaminata et nonstriata The nonbanded, nonstriated part of the posterior limiting lamina is formed postnatally by the endothelium of the anterior chamber.
406 Membrana pupillaris The mesenchymal tissue developing into the sclera (Wai SM, Li WY, Chai WY, Sha O, Yew DT. The iridopupillary membrane (or pupillary membrane) in human development.
Neuroembryology 2002;1:44-46).
407 Coloboma congenita Vitreous body, lens, cornea, choroid and/or iris may be affected.
408 Sulcus nasolacrimalis; Sulcus lacrimalis The nasolacrimal groove is said to appear approximately along, but independently of, the line where the maxillary and frontonasal prominences merge and is thus not
synonymous with the nasomaxillary groove (O'Rahilly R and Müller F. Human Embryology & Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001].
409 Lamina lacrimalis The lacrimal lamina is a thickening of the epithelium at the bottom of the lacrimal groove. Its tip bifurcates to form primordial canaliculi before it canalises and connects conjunctival and
inferior meatal epithelia (de la Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peña MD, Jáñez-Escalada L, Mérida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human excretory lacrimal system. J Anat 2006;209:127-135).
410 Lig. mallei anterius It is usually considered that the anterior ligament is derived from the first pharyngeal arch because of its continuity, via the sphenomandibular ligament, with the mandible. However, it has
also been suggested that the anterior ligament is derived from the second pharyngeal arch (Hanson JR, Anson BJ, Strickland EM. Branchial sources of the auditory ossicles in man. Arch Otolaryngol 1962;76:200-
215).
411 Vestibulocytus I; Vestibulocytus piriformis Type I vestibular hair cells are demonstrable in the 8 week embryo and they have synaptic vesicles at 9 weeks (Dechesne CJ, Sans A. Development of vestibular
receptor surfaces in human fetuses. Am J Otolaryngol 1985;6:378-387).
412 Cochleocytus internus; Cochleocytus externus Inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea can be found in the 10 and 11 week embryo, respectively (Pujol R, Lavigne-Rebillard M. Early stages of innervations
and sensory cell differentiation in the human organ of Corti. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1985;423:43-50). Ciliogenesis starts one week later in each cell type (Lavigne-Rebillard M, Pujol R. Development of the auditory
hair cell surface in human fetuses. A scanning electron microscope study. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1986:174:369-377).
413 Mamma The prenatal and prepubertal development of the mammary glands is similar in both sexes. In the newborn, both may secrete “witch’s milk”. The definitive male gland at 20 years is similar to that of
the early pubertal female.
414 Nutritio Nutrients originating inside the conceptus as a result of specific metabolic processes such as liquefaction of its cells are described as endotrophe. Nutrients originating outside the conceptus from
maternal blood (haemotrophe) or as a result of liquefaction of maternal cells (histiotrophe) are described as exotrophe (Blechschmidt E, Gasser R. Biokinetics and biodynamics of human differentiation. Springfield:
Charles C Thomas; 1978).
415 Adnexa embryonica The terms for the development of the extra-embryonic membranes are presented here in temporal sequence, which entails some repetition and, in the earlier stages, include items
previously thought to give rise only to embryonic tissues: in particular, the embryoblast gives rise to both extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues; hence the alternative term pluriblast which recognizes this.

416 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis primariae; Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii; Vesicula umbilicalis primaria; Saccus vitellinus primaries; Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae; Cavitas sacci vitellini secundarii;
Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria; Saccus vitellinus secundarius The term umbilical vesicle, which has been in use for many years, is preferred because yolk (Latin vitellus) is not present in the human vesicle and
because the term indicates location, the vesicle being a feature of the umbilical region of the embryo and becoming, at least partially, incorporated into the umbilical cord.
417 Villus mesenchymalis Until Stage 23 all villi are mesenchymal villi and are inconspicuous, “with loose connective tissue, rich in mesenchymal cells, poor in fibres; few capillaries with signs of capillary
sprouting; numerous cytotrophoblasts; and thick syncytiotrophoblastic layer, extending in trophoblastic sprouts.” In the first two trimesters mesenchymal villi develop into immature intermediate villi, which
themselves develop into stem villi. In the third trimester mesenchymal villi develop into mature intermediate villi and they and stem villi develop terminal villi (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and
Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128).
418 Trophoblastus extravillosus Extravillous trophoblast is a highly migratory, proliferative and invasive population of cells that emerges from the tips of anchoring villi (Lyall F. Mechanisms regulating
cytotrophoblast invasion in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;46:266-273). It infiltrates the maternal tissues in two phases. The first results in giant cells in the decidua basalis
around the spiral arteries, which they penetrate. In the second phase giant cells reach the inner one-third of the myometrium by extravascular and intravascular routes.
419 Cytotrophoblastus interstitialis Interstitial cytotrophoblast invades the decidual stroma and superficial myometrium, including the walls of spiral vessels (Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Dixon G,
Brosens I. The pattern of interstitial trophoblast invasion in early human pregnancy. Placenta 1981;2:303-316).
420 Cytotrophoblastus endovascularis When interstitial cytotrophoblast has penetrated the wall of a spiral vessel, it becomes endovascular cytotrophoblast. This invades the lumen and a small muscular artery is
transformed into a distended flaccid vessel (Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Dixon G, Brosens I. Uteroplacental arterial changes related to interstitial trophoblast migration in early human pregnancy.
Placenta 1983;4:397-414).
421 Septum placentae; Insulae cellularum placentae Placental septa and Cell islands are of mixed fetal and maternal origin, trophoblast being applied to decidual cores.
422 Zona limitans decidualis The decidual boundary zone is the part of the decidua in contact with the trophoblastic shell.
423 Substantia fibrinoidea Two types of fibrinoid are found at various sites in the placenta: fibrin-type fibrinoid is a result of blood clotting; matrix-type fibrinoid is a basal lamina-like glycoprotein secreted by
extravillous trophoblast.
424 Cotyledo maternalis When the detached placenta is examined from its decidual aspect, there are some 30 maternal cotyledons, separated by septa. However, because the septa do not reach the chorionic
plate, a maternal cotyledon may include as many as 3 fetal cotyledons.
425 Cotyledo fetalis There are some 40-60 fetal cotyledons, each based upon a main stem villus and supplied by a decidual spiral artery.
426 Villus peduncularis major; Truncus chorii The main stem villi have a dense fibrous stroma and their cytotrophoblastic cell columns anchor them to the trophoblastic shell of the basal plate.
427 Villus peduncularis Stem villi contain “fetal arteries and veins or arterioles and venules, surrounded by dense connective tissue, rich in collagen fibres” (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and
Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128).
428 Villus intermedius immaturus Immature intermediate villi are bulbous “with ample, loose connective tissue, containing few arterioles and venules and few undilated capillaries. The stroma is typified by
numerous stromal channels delineated by sail-like processes of the fixed stromal cells and numerous macrophages in the channels” (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The
development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128).

429 Villus terminalis Terminal villi are short and stubby branches from mature intermediate villi that contain “highly dilated fetal capillaries, so-called sinusoids, making up more than 50% of the stromal volume;
scarce loose connective tissue and thin syncytiotrophoblastic cover” (Castellucci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol
1990;181:117-128).
430 Nodus syncytialis Syncytial knots are localized aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the lining of placental villi.
431 Gemma syncytialis Syncytial sprouts are localized aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei on the surface of placental villi, where new terminal villi are forming. At term, however, the nuclei are largely
degenerate.
432 Substantia fibrinoidea perivillosa; Substantia fibrinoidea intravillosa Fibrin-type fibrinoid is frequently found around villi where they lack syncytiotrophoblast and may be part of a repair process. Matrix-type
fibrinoid may be found within villi.
433 Membrana placentae; Claustrum placentae The placental membrane consists of the fetal tissues separating the fetal from the maternal blood. Initially it constitutes a selectively permeable placental barrier and
consists of endothelium of fetal capillaries, connective tissue, the subepithelial basal lamina and its covering of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. It becomes progressively thinner until near term, when the
barrier leaks and the membrane consists only of a thin syncytiofibrinoid layer sitting on the subepithelial basal lamina, beneath which are dilated capillaries.
434 Septum placentae; Septum cotyledonarium The placental septa extend from the basal plate towards the chorionic plate but do not reach it. Like villi, where their surface is not covered by syncytiotrophoblast,
fibrinoid is exposed. Their cores contain vestiges of cytotrophoblast and connective tissue, in which are tissues of maternal origin and foci of degeneration.
435 Paraplacenta The interface between amniochorion and parietal decidua where some fetal-maternal interchanges occur.
436 Vascularisatio dispersa placentae In disperse placental vascularization the umbilical arteries undergo a succession of dichotomous divisions and rapidly diminish in calibre.
437 Vascularisatio magistralis placentae In magistral placental vascularization the umbilical arteries almost reach the placental margin before there is a marked reduction in their size.

Second Edition
FIPAT
TE2, PART V
Contents
Caput VII: Notatio temporum ontologicorum Chapter 7: Temporal stages of development

Caput VIII: Nomina dysmorphica Chapter 8: Dysmorphia terms


Caput VII: NOTATIO TEMPORUM ONTOLOGICORUM Chapter 7: TEMPORAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
7882 Notatio temporum Temporal stages of Temporal stages of
ontologicorum development development
7884 Tempus embryonicum Embryonic period Embryonic period
7886 Insignia a gradibus carnegiensibus Features by Carnegie stages Features by Carnegie stages
7887 GRADUS CELLULAE UNICAE Embryo unicellularis; Embryo ONE-CELL STAGE ONE CELL STAGE Single cell embryo; Stage.1 Endnote 438
gradus I embryo
7888 Oocytus penetratus Oocytus definitivus; Embryo Penetrated oocyte Penetrated oocyte Definitive oocyte; Primordial
primordialis; Embryo gradus Ia embryo; Stage1a embryo
7890 Spatium subzonale Spatium subcapsulare Subzonal space Subzonal space
7891 Caput spermatozoi in zona Sperm head in zona pellucida, in Sperm head in zona pellucida, in
pellucida in spatio subzonale subzonal space attaching to subzonal space attaching to
plasmalemmati adherente aut in plasmalemma or in cytoplasm of plasmalemma or in cytoplasm of
cytoplasmati oocyti oocyte oocyte
7892 Caput spermatozoi in Sperm head in cytoplasm of Sperm head in cytoplasm of
cytoplasmati oocyti sine tegumento oocyte without nuclear envelope oocyte without nuclear envelope
nucleare et cum chromatino and with decondensed chromatin and with decondensed chromatin
disperso
7893 Peractio divisionis meioticae Completion of second meiotic Completion of second meiotic
secundae division division
7895 Corpus polare secundum Polocytus secundarius Second polar body Second polar body Second polocyte
7897 Dilatatio spatii subzonalis Dilatatio spatii subcapsularis Expansion of subzonal space Expansion of subzonal space Expansion of subcapsular space
7898 Reactio zonalis Reactio capsularis Zonal reaction Zonal reaction Capsular reaction IVF
7899 Degradatio mitochondriorum Degradation of paternal Degradation of paternal
paternalium mitochondria mitochondria
7900 Conus fertilisationis Fertilization cone Fertilization cone IVF
7901 Locatio partis intermediae Sperm middle piece under Sperm middle piece under IVF
spermatozoi sub cono fertilisationis fertilization cone fertilization cone
7902 Locatio partis caudae spermatozoi Intracytoplasmic sperm tail Intracytoplasmic sperm tail IVF
in cytoplasmati
7903 Fusus anaphasis II Spindle of anaphase II Spindle of anaphase II IVF
7904 Fusus telophasis II Spindle of telophase II Spindle of telophase II IVF
7905 Intercorpus Interbody Interbody IVF
7906 Ootidium Ovum; Embryo pronuclearis; Ootid Ootid Ovum; Pronuclear embryo;
Embryo gradus Ib Stage1b embryo

7908 Spatium subzonale Spatium subcapsulare Subzonal space Subzonal space
7910 Reconstitutio tegumenti nuclei Reconstitution of sperm nuclear Reconstitution of sperm nuclear
spermatozoi envelope envelope
7911 Reorganisatio chromatini ad Reorganization of chromatin to Reorganization of chromatin to
formationem pronuclei masculini in form male pronucleus in ootid form male pronucleus in ootid
ootidio
7912 Pronucleus masculinus Pronucleus paternus Male pronucleus Male pronucleus Paternal pronucleus
7913 Pronuclei admoti Approximated pronuclei Approximated pronuclei
7914 Corpuscula precursoria Nucleolar precursor bodies Nucleolar precursor bodies
nucleolorum
7915 olus animalis olus embryonicus presumptivus Animal pole Animal pole Presumptive embryonic pole
7916 Pronucleus cum nucleolis Pronucleus with scattered nucleoli Pronucleus with scattered nucleoli IVF
dissipatis
7917 Pronucleus cum nucleolis ordinatis Pronucleus with aligned nucleoli Pronucleus with aligned nucleoli IVF
7918 ZYGOTUM Embryo syngamicus; Embryo ZYGOTE ZYGOTE Syngamic embryo; Stage 1c
gradus Ic embryo
7920 Spatium subzonale Subzonal space Subzonal space
7921 Vesiculatio et disintegratio Vesiculation and disintegration of Vesiculation and disintegration of
tegumentorum nuclearium nuclear envelopes nuclear envelopes
7922 Congrutio chromosomatum Pairing of homologous Pairing of homologous
homologorum chromosomes chromosomes
7923 Dispositio chromosomatum Arrangement of paired Arrangement of paired
homologorum conjunctorum super homologous chromosomes on homologous chromosomes on
fusum fissionis primae extra eccentric first cleavage spindle eccentric first cleavage spindle
centrum positum
7924 Deletio impressionum maternarum Erasure of maternal and paternal Erasure of maternal and paternal
et paternarum imprints imprints
7925 Zygotum findens Embryo gradus II Cleaving zygote Cleaving zygote Stage 2 embryo
7927 Spatium subzonale Subzonal space Subzonal space
7928 Cellulae II, Cellulae III, Cellulae IV, Two-cells, three-cells, four-cells, Two cells, three cells, four cells,
et cetera etc. etc.
7929 Blastomerus Blastomere Blastomere
7930 Morula Morula Morula
7932 Nexus Macula communicans; Synapsis Gap junction Gap junction Nonvesicular synapse; Electrical
nonvesicularis; Synapsis electrica synapse
7933 Macula adhaerens Desmosoma Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens; Spot
desmosome
7934 Zonula occludens Tight junction Tight junction
7935 Cellula externa morulae Cellula trophoblastica presumptiva; Outer cell of morula Outer cell of morula Presumptive trophoblastic cell;

7936 Cellula interna morulae Cellula embryoblastica Inner cell of morula Inner cell of morula Presumptive embryoblastic cell;
7937 Axis radialis morulae Radial axis of morula Radial axis of morula
7938 BLASTOCYSTIS BLASTOCYST BLASTOCYST

7939 Blastocystis libera Embryo gradus III Free blastocyst Free blastocyst Stage 3 embryo
7940 Blastocystis capsulata Encapsulated blastocyst Encapsulated blastocyst Unhatched blastocyst
7942 Cavitatio Cavitation Cavitation IVF
7943 Cavitatio incipiens Start of cavitation Start of cavitation IVF
7944 Regressio cavitatis Collapse of cavity Collapse of cavity IVF
7945 Redilatatio cavitatis Re-expansion of cavity Reexpansion of cavity IVF
7946 Cavitatio terminata End of cavitation End of cavitation IVF
7947 Denudatio Hatching Hatching IVF
7948 Cellula rumpens zonam Zona-breaker cell Zona breaker cell IVF
7949 Cellula rejecta Discarded cell Discarded cell IVF
7950 Cellula sequestrata Sequestered cell Sequestered cell IVF
7951 Cellula segregata Isolated cell Isolated cell IVF
7952 Fragmentum zonae pellucidae Fragment of zona pellucida Fragment of zona pellucida IVF
7953 Blastocystis nuda Hatched blastocyst Hatched blastocyst
7954 Segregatio embryoblasti Segregation of embryoblast Segregation of embryoblast
7955 Polus embryonicus Embryonic pole Embryonic pole
7956 Polus abembryonicus Abembryonic pole Abembryonic pole
7957 Embryoblastus Massa cellularis interna; Embryoblast Embryoblast Inner cell mass; Late pluriblast
Pluriblastus serior
7959 Dorsoventralitas Dorsoventrality Dorsoventrality
7960 Epithelium primordiale Primordial epithelium Primordial epithelium
7962 Hypoblastus Hypoblast Hypoblast Primary endoderm
7963 Transformatio Epitheliomesenchymal Epitheliomesenchymal
epitheliomesenchymalis transformation transformation
7965 Transformatio Mesenchymo-epithelial Mesenchymoepithelial
mesenchymoepithelialis transformation transformation
7968 Trophoblastus polaris Polar trophoblast Polar trophoblast
7969 Trophoblastus muralis Mural trophoblast Mural trophoblast
7970 Insignia miscellanea cellularum Miscellaneous features of Miscellaneous features of Endnote 439
trophoblasticarum undifferentiated trophoblast undifferentiated trophoblast
nondifferentiatarum cells cells

7971 Corpus heterophagolysosomati Heterophagolysosome-like body Heterophagolysosome like body IVF
simile
7972 Telolysosoma Corpusculum residuale Telolysosome Telolysosome Residual body IVF
7973 Desmosoma Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens IVF
7974 Junctio occludens apicalis Apical tight junction Apical tight junction IVF
7975 Junctio occludens basalis Basal tight junction Basal tight junction IVF
7976 Junctio occludens anularis Anular tight junction Anular tight junction IVF
7977 Lamella anularis Anulate lamella Anulate lamella IVF
7978 Microvilli Microvilli Microvilli IVF
7979 Mitochondria longa Long mitochondria Long mitochondria IVF
7980 Processus cellulares Cell processes Cell processes IVF
7981 Reticulum endoplasmicum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum IVF
granulosum
7982 Blastocystis adhaerens Embryo gradus IV Attaching blastocyst Attaching blastocyst Stage 4 embryo
7986 Adhaesio epithelio endometrii Adherence to endometrial Adherence to endometrial IVF
7987 Complexus junctionalis apicalis Apical junctional complex Apical junctional complex IVF
7988 Desmosoma Macula adhaerens Desmosome Desmosome Macula adhaerens; Spot IVF
desmosome
7989 Invaginatio cellulae epiblasticae Cell process invaginating Cell process invaginating IVF
a processu cellulare epiblastic cell epiblastic cell
7990 Microvilli Microvilli Microvilli IVF
7991 Pori nucleares Nuclear pores Nuclear pores IVF
7993 Processus inter epitheliocytos Processes between endometrial Processes between endometrial IVF
endometrii cells cells
7994 Margo syncytioepithelialis Syncytio-epithelial interface Syncytioepithelial interface
7995 Blastocystis implantata Blastocystis invadens; Conceptus Implanted blastocyst Implanted blastocyst Invading blastocyst; Previllous
previllosus; Embryo gradus V conceptus; Stage 5 embryo
7999 Margo syncytiodecidualis Syncytiodecidual interface Syncytiodecidual interface
8000 Implantatio superficialis Superficial implantation Superficial implantation
8001 Adhaesio Adhesion Adhesion Attachment
8002 Incursio trophoblasti Trophoblast invasion Trophoblast invasion

8004 Blastocystis invadens sine Embryo gradus Va Invading blastocyst without Invading blastocyst without Stage 5a embryo
lacunis trophoblasticis trophoblastic lacunae trophoblastic lacunae
8005 Dimidium abembryonicum Abembryonic half of blastocyst Abembryonic half of blastocyst
blastocystis visibile in cavitate exposed to uterine cavity exposed to uterine cavity
uterina
8006 Cavitas blastocystica pressula Flattened blastocystic cavity Flattened blastocystic cavity
8007 Initium formationis endoblasti Extra-embryonic endoblast Extraembryonic endoblast
extraembryonici formation beginning formation beginning
8008 Discus embryonicus concavus Dorsally concave embryonic disc Dorsally concave embryonic disc
dorsaliter
8009 Trophoblastus solidus Solid trophoblast Solid trophoblast
8010 Cavitas trophoepiblastica Tropho-epiblastic cavity Trophoepiblastic cavity
8012 Amnioblastus Cellulae amniogenicae Amnioblast Amnioblast Amniogenic cells; Amniotic
ectoderm
8013 Primordium marginis caudalis Primordium marginis caudalis Primordium of caudal margin of Primordium of caudal margin of Primordium of caudal margin of
lineae primitivae lineae gastrulationis primitive streak primitive streak gastrulation streak
8015 Blastocystis invadens cum Embryo gradus Vb Invading blastocyst with Invading blastocyst with Stage 5b embryo
lacunis trophoblasticis separatis isolated trophoblastic lacunae isolated trophoblastic lacunae
8016 Pars minor abembryonica visibilis Less than abembryonic half Less than abembryonic half
in cavitate uterina exposed to uterine cavity exposed to uterine cavity
8017 Discus embryonicus parve Embryonic disc slightly longer than Embryonic disc slightly longer than
oblongus wide wide
8018 Lacunae trophoblasticae Trophoblastic lacunae Trophoblastic lacunae
8019 Aggregatio previllosa Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast
cytotrophoblasti
8021 Margo caudalis lineae primitivae Margo caudalis lineae Precocious caudal margin of Precocious caudal margin of Precocious caudal margin of
precoquis gastrulationis precoquis primitive streak primitive streak gastrulation streak
adjunctus trophoblasto applied to trophoblast applied to trophoblast
8025 Chorion primordiale Primordial chorion Primordial chorion
8026 Endoblastus extraembryonicus Membrana exocoelomica Extra-embryonic endoblast Extraembryonic endoblast Exocoelomic membrane;
Exocelomic membrane; Primary
endoderm
8027 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary yolk sac
primariae
8028 Endoblastus extraembryonicus Extra-embryonic endoblast applied Extraembryonic endoblast applied
trophoblasto applicatus to trophoblast to trophoblast
8029 Vesicula umbilicalis primaria Saccus vitellinus primarius Primary umbilical vesicle Primary umbilical vesicle Primary yolk sac

8030 Blastocystis invadens cum Embryo gradus Vc Invading blastocyst with Invading blastocyst with Stage 5c embryo
lacunis trophoblasticis intercommunicating lacunae intercommunicating lacunae
conjunctis
8031 Blastocystis haesa sub epithelio Blastocyst deep to surface Blastocyst deep to surface
superficiale epithelium epithelium
8032 Structus fibrosus in loco Obturamentum occludens Fibrous coagulum at implantation Fibrous coagulum at implantation Closing plug
implantationis site site
8033 Circulus lacunosus vascularis Lacunar vascular circle Lacunar vascular circle
8034 Cavitas chorionica primordialis Primordial chorionic cavity Primordial chorionic cavity
8035 Discus embryonicus convexus Embryonic disc dorsally convex Embryonic disc dorsally convex
dorsaliter
8036 Discus embryonicus oblongus Embryonic disc longer than wide Embryonic disc longer than wide
8037 Axis longitudinalis embryonis Longitudinal axis of embryo Longitudinal axis of embryo
8038 Vesiculae cytoplasmicae in cellulis Cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells of Cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells of
disci disc disc
8039 Margo caudalis lineae primitivae Margo caudalis lineae Precocious caudal margin of Precocious caudal margin of Precocious caudal margin of
precoquis gastrulationis precoquis primitive streak primitive streak gastrulation streak
8041 Textus angioblasticus mesoblasti Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast
8042 Crista previllosa mesoblasti Previllous crest of mesoblast Previllous crest of mesoblast
8043 Reticulum extraembryonicum Magma reticulare Extra-embryonic reticulum Extraembryonic reticulum
8044 Lamina prechordalis precoqua Precocious prechordal plate Precocious prechordal plate Anterior pregastrulation
differentiation
8045 CONCEPTUS VILLOSUS Embryo gradus VI VILLOUS CONCEPTUS VILLOUS CONCEPTUS Stage 6 embryo
8046 Conceptus villosus sine linea Conceptus villosus sine linea Villous conceptus without Villous conceptus without Villous conceptus without obvious
primitiva manifesta gastrulationis manifesta; Embryo obvious primitive streak obvious primitive streak gastrulation streak; Stage 6a
gradus VIa embryo
8047 Agnitio sexus genetici Detection of genetic sex Detection of genetic sex
8056 Vas primordialis villi tertiarii Primordial vessel of tertiary Primordial vessel of tertiary
villus villus
caudaliter et dorsaliter amnioblasto to amnioblast and trophoblast to amnioblast and trophoblast
et trophoblasto adjunctus caudodorsally caudodorsally
8059 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis Cavitas sacci vitellini secundarii Cavity of secondary umbilical Cavity of secondary umbilical
secundariae vesicle vesicle

yolk sac
endodermatis extraembryonico to extra-embryonic endoderm to extraembryonic endoderm
adjunctus
8062 Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria Saccus vitellinus secundarius Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary umbilical vesicle Secondary yolk sac
8063 Insulae sanguineae vesiculae Insulae sanguineae sacci vitellini Blood islands of umbilical vesicle Blood islands of umbilical vesicle Blood islands of yolk sac
umbilicalis
8064 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini Incipient umbilical vesicle Incipient umbilical vesicle Incipient yolk sac
umbilicalis incipiens; incipiens; Haemangiogenesis in haemangiogenesis hemangiogenesis haemangiogenesis; Incipient yolk
Haemangiogenesis in vesicula sacco vitellino incipiens sac hemangiogenesis;
umbilicale incipiens
8065 Vasculogenesis Vasculogenesis Vasculogenesis
primordialis
8067 Conceptus villosus cum linea Conceptus villosus cum linea Villous conceptus with obvious Villous conceptus with obvious Villous conceptus with obvious
primitiva manifesta gastrulationis manifesta; Embryo primitive streak primitive streak gastrulation streak; Stage 6b
gradus VIb embryo
8069 Linea primitiva Linea gastrulationis Primitive streak Primitive streak Gastrulation streak
8070 Sulcus primitivus Sulcus gastrulationis Primitive groove Primitive groove
8071 Transformatio Epitheliomesenchymal Epitheliomesenchymal
epitheliomesenchymalis transformation transformation
8073 Transformatio Mesenchymo-epithelial Mesenchymoepithelial
mesenchymoepithelialis transformation transformation
8074 Mesoderma embryonicum Mesoblastus Embryonic mesoderm Embryonic mesoderm
8076 Endoderma embryonicum Embryonic endoderm Embryonic endoderm
8080 Membrana cloacalis primordialis Primordial cloacal membrane Primordial cloacal membrane
8081 Haemangiogenesis in vesicula Haemangiogenesis in sacco Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
umbilicale vitellino haemangiogenesis sac hemangiogenesis
8084 Vasa primordialia pedunculi Primordial vessels of connecting Primordial vessels of connecting
8085 Villus tertiarius ramosus Branching tertiary villus Branching tertiary villus
8086 Vasa villi tertiarii Vessels of tertiary villus Vessels of tertiary villus
8087 Villus ancorans Anchoring villus Anchoring villus

amnioblasto toto adjunctus applying to whole amnioblast applying to whole amnioblast
8090 Amnion bilaminare Bilaminar amnion Bilaminar amnion
8091 Cellulae germinales precursoriae Primordial germ cells Primordial germ cells Endnote 440
8092 EMBRYO CUM PROCESSU Embryo cum processu axiali; EMBRYO WITH NOTOCHORDAL EMBRYO WITH NOTOCHORDAL Embryo with axial process; Stage 7
NOTOCHORDALI Embryo gradus VII; Embryo cum PROCESS PROCESS embryo ; Embryo with
chordomesoderma chordamesoderm
8093 Lamina neuralis Lamina medullaris Neural plate Neural plate Medullary plate
Chordomesoderma
8098 Verticula chordoneuralis Punctum chordaneurale cardinis; Chordoneural hinge Chordoneural hinge
Cardo chordoneuralis
8103 Vasa allantoica Allantoic vessels Allantoic vessels
8104 Cellulae sanguineae in Blood cells in allantoic Blood cells in allantoic
vasibus allantoicis vessels vessels
8106 Ectoderma extraembryonicum Extra-embryonic ectoderm Extraembryonic ectoderm
8107 Mesenchyma amnioticum Amniotic mesenchyme Amniotic mesenchyme
yolk sac
8113 Mesenchyma vesiculae umbilicalis Mesenchyma sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Yolk sac mesenchyme
8114 Cellulae sanguineae in vasibus Cellulae sanguineae in vasibus Blood cells in vessels of umbilical Blood cells in vessels of umbilical Blood cells in vessels of yolk sac
vesiculae umbilicalis sacci vitellini vesicle vesicle
8115 Mesothelium vesiculae umbilicalis Mesothelium sacci vitellini Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle Mesothelium of yolk sac
8116 EMBRYO PRESOMITICUS Embryo gradus VIII PRESOMITE EMBRYO PRESOMITE EMBRYO Stage 8 embryo
8117 Embryo presomiticus sine sulco Embryo gradus VIIIa Presomite embryo without Presomite embryo without Stage 8a embryo
neurale neural groove neural groove
8118 Embryo piriformis Pear-shaped embryo Pearshaped embryo
8119 Fovea primitiva Fovea notochordalis Primitive pit Primitive pit Notochordal pit

8121 Embryo presomiticus cum sulco Embryo gradus VIIb Presomite embryo with neural Presomite embryo with neural Stage 8b embryo
8122 Plica capitis primordialis Plica cephalica primordialis Primordial head fold Primordial head fold
8124 Neurulatio primaria Primary neurulation Primary neurulation
8125 Textus cristae neuralis Presumptive neural crest tissue Presumptive neural crest tissue
presumptivae
8126 Junctio neurosomatica Junctio neurectodermalis Neurosomatic ectodermal junction Neurosomatic ectodermal junction Neuro-ectodermal junction;
ectodermalis Neuroectodermal junction
8128 Somitomera Somitomeres Somitomeres
8131 Campus primarius Primary heart field of cardiogenic Primary heart field of cardiogenic
8132 Spatia coelomica segrega Isolated coelomic spaces Isolated celomic spaces
8133 Zona junctionalis mesenchymatis Junctional zone of mesenchyme Junctional zone of mesenchyme
8139 EMBRYO CUM SOMITIS I ad III Embryo gradus IX 1-3 SOMITE EMBRYO 1-3 SOMITE EMBRYO Stage 9 embryo Endnote 441
8140 Embryo solearis cum lordose Slipper-sole-shaped embryo with Slipper solecshaped embryo with
lordosis lordosis
8141 Plica capitis Plica cephalica Head fold Head fold
8142 Plica caudalis primordialis Primordial tail fold Primordial tail fold Primordial caudal fold
8143 Eminentia caudalis Gemma caudalis Caudal eminence Caudal eminence Tail bud
eminentiae caudalis gemmae caudalis caudal eminence caudal eminence bud; VER
8147 Cylindrus notochordalis Notochordal rod Notochordal rod
8150 Verticula chordoneuralis Punctum chordaneurale cardineum Chordoneural hinge Chordoneural hinge
8153 Somiti occipitales Somiti I ad III Occipital somites Occipital somites Somites 1 - 3
8154 Somitocoelia Somitocoeles Somitoceles

8156 Membrana oropharyngea Oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal membrane
8160 Mesenchyma intermedium Intermediate mesenchyme Intermediate mesenchyme
8162 Coeloma intraembryonicum Intra-embryonic coelom Intraembryonic coelom
primordialis
8165 Primordium epicardii Proepicardium Primordium of epicardium Primordium of epicardium Pro-epicardium; Proepicardium
8167 Campus primarius Primary heart field of cardiogenic Primary heart field of cardiogenic
8168 Laminae cardiogenicae Primordia endocardiaca Bilaterally asymmetric Bilaterally asymmetric Endocardiac primordia
nonsymmetricae cardiogenic plates cardiogenic plates
8169 Primordia endocardiaca Endocardiac primordia Endocardiac primordia
8170 Myocardium primordiale Primordial myocardium Primordial myocardium
8171 Gelatinoreticulum Cardioglia Cardiac jelly Cardiac jelly
8172 Primordium cordis Cor plexiforme Heart primordium Heart primordium Plexiform heart
8175 Vasa extraembryonica Extra-embryonic blood vessels Extraembryonic blood vessels
8176 Vasa chorionica Chorionic blood vessels Chorionic blood vessels
8177 Vasa allantoica Allantoic vessels Allantoic vessels
8178 Vasa omphalomesenterica Vasa vitellina Omphalomesenteric vessels Omphalomesenteric vessels Vitelline vessels
8179 Vasa intraembryonica Intra-embryonic blood vessels Intraembryonic blood vessels
8181 A. arcus primi pharyngei First pharyngeal arch artery First pharyngeal arch artery First aortic arch artery
8182 Primordium arteriae carotidis Internal carotid artery primordium Internal carotid artery primordium
internae
8183 Aorta dorsalis primordialis Primordial dorsal aorta Primordial dorsal aorta
8186 Primordium prosencephali Forebrain primordium Forebrain primordium Primordium of prosencephalon
8187 Prosencephalon primarium Primary prosencephalon Primary prosencephalon Forebrain
8188 Incisura terminalis Terminal notch Terminal notch
8189 Flexura mesencephalica Mesencephalic flexure Mesencephalic flexure Cephalic flexure

8190 Primordium mesencephali Primordium of midbrain Primordium of midbrain
8192 Complexus cristae neuralis Mesencephalic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest
8193 Primordium rhombencephali Primordium of hindbrain Primordium of hindbrain
8194 Rhombomeri A ad D Rhombomeres A-D Rhombomeres A-D
8195 Primordium medullae spinalis Spinal cord primordium Spinal cord primordium
8198 Epithelium superficiale corporis One-layered body surface Onelayered body surface
simplex epithelium epithelium
8199 EMBRYO CUM SOMITIS IV ad XII Embryo gradus X 4-12 SOMITE EMBRYO 4-12 SOMITE EMBRYO Stage 10 embryo Endnote 442
8200 Generalia General General
8201 Ruptura zonae junctionalis Breakdown of mesenchymal Breakdown of mesenchymal
mesenchymatis inter coelomata junctional zone between embryonic junctional zone between embryonic
embryonicum et extraembryonicum and extra-embryonic coelomata and extraembryonic coelomata
8202 Plica lateralis primordialis corporis Primordial lateral body fold Primordial lateral body fold
8203 Anulus umbilicalis Umbilical ring Umbilical ring
8205 Densatio ectodermalis Ectodermal thickening Ectodermal thickening
8206 Prominentia maxillaris Maxillary prominence Maxillary prominence
8207 Somitus occipitalis quartus Fourth occipital somite Fourth occipital somite Somite 4
8208 Somiti cervicales Somiti V ad XII Cervical somites Cervical somites Somites 5-12
8209 Canalis pericardioperitonealis Primordial pericardioperitoneal Primordial pericardioperitoneal
primordialis canal canal
8210 Emanatio cellularum notochordae Emergence of notochordal cells Emergence of notochordal cells
ex eminentia caudale from caudal eminence from caudal eminence
8211 Anulus ectodermalis primordialis Primordial ectodermal ring Primordial ectodermal ring
8212 Alimentaria Alimentary Alimentary
8214 Prominentia mandibularis Mandibular prominence Mandibular prominence
8215 Sulcus pharyngeus primus] First pharyngeal groove First pharyngeal groove
8217 Densatio ectodermalis Ectodermal thickening Ectodermal thickening
8218 Placodae epipharyngeae Epipharyngeal placodes Epipharyngeal placodes
8220 Saccus pharyngeus secundus Second pharyngeal pouch Second pharyngeal pouch
8223 Urenteron Pars postcloacalis intestini Postcloacal gut Postcloacal gut Tailgut; Endgut
8224 Lamina hepatica Hepatic lamina Hepatic lamina
8225 Respiratoria Respiratory Respiratory

8226 Primordium respiratorium Respiratory primordium Respiratory primordium
8227 Urogenitalia Urogenital Urogenital
8228 Primordium pronephri Primordium of pronephros Primordium of pronephros
8229 Endocrina Endocrine Endocrine
8231 Primordium glandulae thyroideae Primordium of thyroid gland Primordium of thyroid gland
8232 Cardiovascularia Cardiovascular Cardiovascular
8234 Vv. umbilicales Umbilical veins Umbilical veins
8235 Cor tubulare Tubular heart Tubular heart
8236 Ansa cordis crescentiformis C-loop C-loop
8237 Ansa cordis sigmoidea prima Early S-loop Early S-loop
8238 Inflatio Ballooning Ballooning
8239 Tractus influxionis Inflow tract Inflow tract
8240 Cornua sinistrum et dextrum Left and right horns of sinus Left and right horns of sinus
sinus venosi cordis venosus venosus
8241 Ventriculus embryonicus Ventriculus communis Embryonic ventricle Embryonic ventricle
8242 Tractus effluxionis Outflow tract Outflow tract
8243 A. arcus primi pharyngei First pharyngeal arch artery First pharyngeal arch artery First aortic arch artery
8244 A. arcus secundi pharyngei Second pharyngeal arch artery Second pharyngeal arch artery Second aortic arch artery
8245 Aa. intersegmentales Intersegmental arteries Intersegmental arteries
8246 Aa. umbilicales Umbilical arteries Umbilical arteries
8247 Haematolymphoidea Haematolymphoid Hematolymphoid
8249 Neuralia et sensoria Neural and senses Neural and senses
8250 Pars mediana telencephali Telencephalon impar Primordial median telencephalon Primordial median telencephalon Unpaired telencephalon
primordialis
8252 Telencephalon impar Unpaired telencephalon Unpaired telencephalon
8253 Primordium opticum Optic primordium Optic primordium
8255 Crista neuralis optica Optic neural crest Optic neural crest
8257 Conjunctio plicarum neuralium Fusion of rhombencephalic neural Fusion of rhombencephalic neural
rhombencephalicarum folds folds
8258 Tubus neuralis Neural tube Neural tube
rhombencephalica
8262 Complexus cristae neuralis Trigeminal neural crest Trigeminal neural crest
trigeminalis complex complex

8263 Primordium ganglii Primordium of trigeminal Primordium of trigeminal
trigeminalis ganglion ganglion
8264 Complexus cristae neuralis Faciovestibulocochlear Faciovestibulocochlear
faciovestibulocochlearis neural crest complex neural crest complex
8265 Complexus cristae neuralis Facial neural crest complex Facial neural crest complex
facialis
8266 Complexus cristae neuralis Glossopharyngeal neural Glossopharyngeal neural
glossopharyngealis crest complex crest complex
8267 Primordium ganglionum Primordium of Primordium of
glossopharyngeorum glossopharyngeal ganglia glossopharyngeal ganglia
8268 Complexus cristae neuralis Vagal neural crest complex Vagal neural crest complex
vagalis
8269 Primordium ganglionum Primordium of vagal Primordium of vagal
vagalium ganglia ganglia
8270 Crista neuralis hypoglossalis; Hypoglossal neural crest Hypoglossal neural crest Occipital neural crest
Crista neuralis occipitalis
8271 Crista neuralis spinalis Spinal neural crest Spinal neural crest
8272 EMBRYO CUM SOMITIS XIII ad Embryo gradus XI 13-20 SOMITE EMBRYO 13-20 SOMITE EMBRYO Stage 11 embryo Endnote 443
XX
8275 Anulus ectodermalis imperfectus Ectodermal ring incomplete Ectodermal ring incomplete
8276 Pars rostralis anuli ectodermalis Rostral part of ectodermal ring Rostral part of ectodermal ring
8278 Pars caudalis anuli ectodermalis Caudal part of ectodermal ring Caudal part of ectodermal ring
8280 Somiti thoracici Somiti XIII ad XX Thoracic somites Thoracic somites Somites 13-20
8281 Sclerotomi occipitales Sclerotomus IV Occipital sclerotomes Occipital sclerotomes Sclerotome 4
8282 Dermatomyotomi Dermomyotomi Dermatomyotomes Dermatomyotomes Dermomyotomes
dorsalis
8284 Communicatio inter latera dextrum Communication between right and Communication between right and
et sinistrum cavitatis peritonealis left sides of peritoneal cavity left sides of peritoneal cavity
caudaliter ductui omphaloenterico caudal to omphalo-enteric duct caudal to omphaloenteric duct
8286 Abruptio membranae Rupture of oropharyngeal Rupture of oropharyngeal
oropharyngeae membrane membrane
8287 Saccus pharyngeus quartus Fourth pharyngeal pouch Fourth pharyngeal pouch
8288 Primordium oesophagei Primordium of oesophagus Primordium of esophagus
8290 Primordium duodeni Primordium of duodenum Primordium of duodenum
8291 Diverticulum hepatocysticum Hepatocystic diverticulum Hepatocystic diverticulum
8292 Pars distalis diverticuli Distal part of hepatocystic Distal part of hepatocystic

8294 Pars proximalis diverticuli Proximal part of hepatocystic Proximal part of hepatocystic
8295 Diverticulum ductus cystici Cystic duct diverticulum Cystic duct diverticulum Cystic diverticulum
8297 Ductus pronephricus Pronephric duct Pronephric duct)
8298 Chorda nephrogenica Chorda mesonephrica Nephrogenic cord Nephrogenic cord Mesonephric cord
8299 Ductus mesonephricus Mesonephric duct Mesonephric duct
8300 Vesiculae mesonephricae Mesonephric vesicles Mesonephric vesicles
8301 Translatio cellularum germinalium Migratio cellularum germinalium Positional change of primordial Positional change of primordial Migration of primordial germ cells
8303 Cor circumitum Cor sigmoideum Looped heart Looped heart Sigmoid heart
8304 Ansa cordis sigmoidea sera Late S-loop Late S-loop
8305 Sinus venosus primordialis Primordial sinus venosus Primordial sinus venosus
8306 Auriculae dextra et sinistra Right and left auricles Right and left auricles Right and left atrial appendages
8307 Primordium atrii dextri Right atrial primordium Right atrial primordium
8308 Primordium atrii sinistri Left atrial primordium Left atrial primordium
8310 Junctio atrioventricularis Atrioventricular junction Atrioventricular junction
8311 Ventriculi embryonici dexter Right and left embryonic ventricles Right and left embryonic ventricles
sinisterque paralleli in parallel in parallel
8312 Primordium trabeculare ventriculi Trabeculated right ventricle Trabeculated right ventricle
dextri primordium primordium
8313 Septum interventriculare Interventricular septum Interventricular septum
8314 Primordium trabeculare ventriculi Trabeculated left ventricle Trabeculated left ventricle
sinistri primordium primordium
8315 Conotruncus Conotruncus Conotruncus
8320 Occlusio neuropori rostralis Rostral neuropore closure Rostral neuropore closure
8322 Complexus cristae neuralis Optic neural crest complex Optic neural crest complex
opticae
8323 Rhombomerus primus Rh I First rhombomere First rhombomere Rh 1
8324 Rhombomerus secundus Rh II Second rhombomere Second rhombomere Rh 2
8325 Ganglion trigeminale Trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal ganglion
8326 Rhombomerus tertius Rh III Third rhombomere Third rhombomere Rh 3
8327 Rhombomerus quartus Rh IV Fourth rhombomere Fourth rhombomere Rh 4
8328 Ganglion faciovestibulocochleare Faciovestibulocochlear ganglion Faciovestibulocochlear ganglion
8329 Rhombomerus quintus Rh V Fifth rhombomere Fifth rhombomere Rh 5

8331 Discus oticus Otic plate disc Otic plate disc
8332 Crista neuralis otica Otic neural crest Otic neural crest
8333 Rhombomerus sextus Rh VI Sixth rhombomere Sixth rhombomere Rh 6
8334 Ganglia glossopharyngea Glossopharyngeal ganglia Glossopharyngeal ganglia
8335 Rhombomerus septimus Rh VII Seventh rhombomere Seventh rhombomere Rh 7
8336 Ganglia vagalia Vagal ganglia Vagal ganglia
8337 Rhombomeri octavus ad Rh VIII ad XI Eighth to eleventh rhombomeres Eighth to eleventh rhombomeres Rh 8 - 11
undecimum
8339 Situs occlusionis canalis Site of former neurenteric canal Site of former neurenteric canal
neurenterici
8340 EMBRYO CUM SOMITIS XXI ad Embryo gradus XII 21-29 SOMITE EMBRYO 21-29 SOMITE EMBRYO Stage 12 embryo Endnote 444
XXIX
8342 Somiti thoracici Somiti XXI ad XXIV Thoracic somites Thoracic somites Somites 21-24
8343 Somiti lumbales Somiti XXV ad XXIX Lumbar somites Lumbar somites Somites 25-29
8344 Lamina basalis notochordalis Vagina acellularis notochordalis Notochordal basal lamina Notochordal basal lamina Acellular notochordal sheath
8345 Sinus cervicalis Cervical sinus Cervical sinus
8346 Anulus ectodermalis completus Ectodermal ring complete Ectodermal ring complete
8347 Pars rostralis anuli ectodermalis Rostral part of ectodermal ring Rostral part of ectodermal ring
8349 Pars intermembralis presumptiva Presumptive intermembral part of Presumptive intermembral part of
anuli ectodermalis ectodermal ring ectodermal ring
8350 Pars caudalis anuli ectodermalis Caudal part of ectodermal ring Caudal part of ectodermal ring
8352 Communicatio inter latera dextrum Communication between right and Communication between right and
et sinistrum cavitatis peritonealis left sides of peritoneal cavity left sides of peritoneal cavity
cranialiter ductui omphaloenterico cranial to omphalo-enteric duct cranial to omphaloenteric duct
8354 Copula Copula Copula
8355 Bursa omentalis Omental bursa Omental bursa Lesser sac
8356 Primordium recessus Primordium of right Primordium of right
pleuroperitonealis dexteri pleuroperitoneal recess pleuroperitoneal recess
8360 Gemma trachealis Gemma pulmonalis Tracheal bud Tracheal bud Lung bud
8362 Ductus mesonephricus junctus Mesonephric duct joins cloaca Mesonephric duct joins cloaca
cum cloaca

8363 Cellulae germinales precursoriae Primordial germ cells in wall of Primordial germ cells in wall of
in muro metenteri hindgut hindgut
8365 Corpus ultimopharyngeum Ultimopharyngeal body Ultimopharyngeal body
8366 Saccus thyroideus Diverticulum thyroideum Thyroid pouch Thyroid pouch Thyroid diverticulum
8368 Ostium sinuatriale Sinu-atrial orifice Sinuatrial orifice
8369 Valva sinuatrialis Sinu-atrial valve Sinuatrial valve
8373 Ductus communis effluxionis cordis Common outflow tract of heart Common outflow tract of heart
8376 A. arcus tertii pharyngei Third pharyngeal arch artery Third pharyngeal arch artery Third aortic arch
8377 Primordium trunci coeliaci Primordium of coeliac trunk Primordium of celiac trunk
8380 Initium haematopoiesis in hepate Start of haematopoiesis in liver Start of hematopoiesis in liver
8382 Neuromerus isthmicus Rhombomerus 0 Isthmic rhombomere Isthmic rhombomere Rhombomere 0; Rh0
8383 Mesomerus I MI Mesomere 1 Mesomere 1 M1
8384 Mesomerus II MII Mesomere 2 Mesomere 2 M2
8385 Rhombomeri octavus ad Rh VIII ad XI Eighth to eleventh rhombomeres Eighth to eleventh rhombomeres Rh 8 - 11
undecimum
8386 Occlusio neuropori caudalis Caudal neuropore closure Caudal neuropore closure
8387 Phasis zonae unae differentiationis One-zone phase of differentiation One zone phase of differentiation
epithelii tubi neuralis of neural tube epithelium of neural tube epithelium
cardiacus
8390 Crista neuralis nervi accessorii Neural crest of accessory nerve Neural crest of accessory nerve
8391 Radices nervi hypoglossi Hypoglossal nerve roots Hypoglossal nerve roots
8392 Neurulatio secundaria Secondary neurulation Secondary neurulation
8393 Cutanea Cutaneous Cutaneous
8394 Epithelium superficiale corporis Two-layered body surface Two layered body surface
bilaminare epithelium epithelium
8396 EMBRYO CUM SOMITIS XXX+ Embryo gradus XIII 30+ SOMITE EMBRYO 30+ SOMITE EMBRYO Stage 13 embryo Endnote 445
8398 Somiti sacrales Somiti XXX ad XXXIV Sacral somites Sacral somites Somites 30-34 Endnote 446

8399 Somiti coccygei Somiti XXXV ad XXXVIII / XXXIX Coccygeal somites Coccygeal somites Somites 35-38 / 39 Endnote 447
notochordal sheath
8401 Arcus pharyngeus quartus Fourth pharyngeal arch Fourth pharyngeal arch
8402 Gemma membri inferioris Lower limb bud Lower limb bud Caudal limb bud
8404 Tuberculum impar Gemma lingualis mediana Median lingual swelling Median lingual swelling
8407 Descensus gastris primordialis Descent of primordial stomach Descent of primordial stomach
8408 Elongatio gastris primordialis Elongation of primordial stomach Elongation of primordial stomach
8410 Laminae hepaticae frontales et Frontal and sagittal hepatic plates Frontal and sagittal hepatic plates
sagittales
8411 Primordium caeci Primordium of caecum Primordium of cecum
8416 Primordium diaphragmatis in collo Primordium of diaphragm in neck Primordium of diaphragm in neck
8417 Canalis pleuroperitonealis Pleuroperitoneal canal Pleuroperitoneal canal
8418 Invaginatio faciei medialis canalis Invagination of medial aspect of Invagination of medial aspect of
pericardioperitonealis a pulmone pericardioperitoneal canal by pericardioperitoneal canal by
primordiale primordial lung primordial lung
8419 Trachea Trachea Trachea
8420 Gemmae pulmonales dextra et Gemmae bronchiales primariae Right and left lung buds Right and left lung buds Right and left primary bronchial
sinistra dextra et sinistra buds
8421 Aa. pulmonales Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary arteries
8422 Vasa capillaria pulmonalia Pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary capillaries
8423 V. pulmonalis unica Single pulmonary vein Single pulmonary vein
8425 Glomeruli mesonephrici Mesonephric glomeruli Mesonephric glomeruli
8426 Tubuli mesonephrici sigmoidei S-shaped mesonephric tubules S-shaped mesonephric tubules
8427 Blastema metanephrogenicum Metanephrogenic blastema Metanephrogenic blastema Metanephric mass of mesenchyme
8428 Linea fissionis urorectalis Urorectal cleavage line Urorectal cleavage line
8430 Saccus adenohypophysialis Adenohypophysial pouch Adenohypophyseal pouch §Rathke§

8432 Fasciculus atrioventricularis Atrioventricular bundle Atrioventricular bundle §His§
8433 A. arcus quarti pharyngei Fourth pharyngeal arch artery Fourth pharyngeal arch artery Fourth aortic arch
8434 Aa. pulmonales Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary arteries
8435 Vasa capillaria pulmonalia Pulmonary capillaries Pulmonary capillaries

8436 V. pulmonalis unica Single pulmonary vein Single pulmonary vein
8437 Plica pulmonalis Pulmonary fold Pulmonary fold
8438 Truncus coeliacus Coeliac trunk Celiac trunk
8439 Aa. mesentericae Mesenteric arteries Mesenteric arteries
8445 Prosomerus primus Synencephalon; P I First prosomere First prosomere P1
8446 Prosomerus secundus Parencephalon caudalis; P II Second prosomere Second prosomere Caudal parencephalon; P2
8447 Prosomerus tertius Parencephalon rostralis; P III Third prosomere Third prosomere Rostral parencephalon;P3
8449 Primordium cerebelli Cerebellar primordium Cerebellar primordium
8450 Phasis zonarum duarum Two-zone phase of differentiation Two zone phase of differentiation
differentiationis epithelii tubi of neural tube epithelium of neural tube epithelium
neuralis
8452 Complexus cristae neuralis Olfactory neural crest complex Olfactory neural crest complex
olfactoriae
8453 Complexus cristae neuralis Terminal neural crest complex Terminal neural crest complex
terminalis
8454 Complexus cristae neuralis Vomeronasal neural crest Vomeronasal neural crest
vomeronasalis complex complex
8455 Crista neuralis isthmica Isthmic neural crest Isthmic neural crest
8456 Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus of oculomotor nerve Nucleus of oculomotor nerve
8457 Nucleus nervi trochlearis Nucleus of trochlear nerve Nucleus of trochlear nerve
8458 Primordia gangliorum spinalium Primordia of spinal ganglia Primordia of spinal ganglia
8459 Ganglion trigeminale conspicuum Conspicuous trigeminal ganglion Conspicuous trigeminal ganglion
8460 Radices motoriae nervorum Motor roots of trigeminal, Motor roots of trigeminal,
trigemini abducentis abducent, glossopharyngeal, abducent, glossopharyngeal,
glossopharyngei vagi vagus and accessory nerves vagus and accessory nerves
accessoriique
8461 Radices ventrales cervicales Radices anteriores cervicales; Cervical ventral roots Cervical ventral roots Cervical anterior roots; Cervical
Radices motoriae cervicales motor roots
8462 Radices dorsales cervicales Radices posteriores cervicales Cervical dorsal roots Cervical dorsal roots Cervical posterior roots
8463 Placoda lentis Discus lentis Lens placode Lens placode Lens disc
8464 Discus retinalis Retinal disc Retinal disc
8465 Pedunculus opticus primordialis Primordial optic stalk Primordial optic stalk
8467 EMBRYO GRADUS XIV STAGE 14 EMBRYO STAGE 14 EMBRYO Endnote 448

8469 Pars rostralis sclerotomi Pars laxa sclerotomi Rostral part of sclerotome Rostral part of sclerotome Loose part of sclerotome
8470 Pars caudalis sclerotomi Pars densa sclerotomi Caudal part of sclerotome Caudal part of sclerotome Dense part of sclerotome
8471 Pars rostralis vaginae Pars laxa vaginae notochordalis Rostral part of notochordal sheath Rostral part of notochordal sheath Loose part of notochordal sheath
notochordalis
8472 Pars caudalis vaginae Pars densa vaginae notochordalis Caudal part of notochordal sheath Caudal part of notochordal sheath Dense part of notochordal sheath
notochordalis
8473 Crista ectodermalis apicalis Apical ectodermal ridge of upper Apical ectodermal ridge of upper
membri superioris limb limb
8474 Blastema skeletale humeri Skeletal blastema of proximal Skeletal blastema of proximal
proximalis humerus humerus
8475 Blastema skeletale cranii Desmocranium Skeletal blastema of cranium Skeletal blastema of cranium
8477 Oesophagus Oesophagus Esophagus
8478 Sinistropositio gastris primordialis Primordial stomach located to left Primordial stomach located to left
8479 Rotatio gastris primordialis Rotation of primordial stomach Rotation of primordial stomach
8481 Tuberculum anale Anal tubercle Anal tubercle
8483 Tuber arytenoideum Arytenoid swelling Arytenoid swelling
8484 Lamina epithelialis laryngis Epithelial lamina of larynx Epithelial lamina of larynx
8485 Sacci pulmonales dexter et sinister Right and left lung sacs Right and left lung sacs
8487 Glomeruli externi External glomeruli External glomeruli
8488 Cellulae reninopositivae in Renin cells in mesonephros Renin cells in mesonephros
mesonephro
8489 Gemma ureterica Diverticulum metanephricum Ureteric bud Ureteric bud Metanephric diverticulum
8490 Galea metanephrogenica Metanephrogenic cap Metanephrogenic cap
8491 Ampulla singularis gemmae Single ampulla of ureteric bud in Single ampulla of ureteric bud in
metanephricae in galea metanephrogenic cap metanephrogenic cap
metanephrogenica
8492 Crista gonadalis Gonadal ridge Gonadal ridge
8493 Translatio cellularum germinalium Migratio cellularum germinalium Positional change of primordial Positional change of primordial Migration of primordial germ cells
8494 Cellulae precursoriae in Primordial germ cells in dorsal Primordial germ cells in dorsal
mesenchymate preenteri dorsale hindgut mesenchyme and hindgut mesenchyme and
et in epithelio coelomico partis coelomic epithelium of medial part coelomic epithelium of medial part
medialis cristae urogenitalis of urogenital ridge of urogenital ridge
8496 Truncus sacci adenohypophysialis Open stem of adenohypophysial Open stem of adenohypophyseal
patens pouch pouch
8497 Ductus thyroglossus Thyroglossal duct Thyroglossal duct §His§
8498 Glandula thyroidea bilobata Bilobed thyroid gland Bilobed thyroid gland

8501 Mesenchyma cardiacum Cardiac mesenchyme Cardiac mesenchyme
8504 Defectio arteriarum arcuum Disappearance of first and second Disappearance of first and second
pharyngeorum primi et secundi pharyngeal arch arteries pharyngeal arch arteries
8505 Septum transversum in plano Septum transversum at midcervical Septum transversum at mid-
cervicale medio level cervical level
8506 A. sexti arcus pharyngei Arcus pulmonalis Sixth pharyngeal arch artery Sixth pharyngeal arch artery Pulmonary arch
8507 A. pulmonalis Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery
8510 Primordium splenis Primordium of spleen Primordium of spleen
8512 Ganglion terminale Terminal ganglion Terminal ganglion
8513 Organum vomeronasale Vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal organ
8514 Primordium hemispheri cerebri Primordium of cerebral hemisphere Primordium of cerebral hemisphere
8515 Eminentia ventricularis medialis Medial ventricular eminence Medial ventricular eminence
8516 Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus
8517 Primordium cerebelli Cerebellar primordium Cerebellar primordium
8518 Flexura pontina Sulcus transversus Pontine flexure Pontine flexure Transverse rhombo-encephalic
rhombencephali sulcus
8519 Crista neuralis Terminovomeronasal nasal crest Terminovomeronasal nasal crest
terminovomeronasalis apposita ad apposed to brain apposed to brain
encephalon
8520 N. oculomotorius N. cranialis III Oculomotor nerve Oculomotor nerve Cranial nerve 3
8521 Radices nervi hypoglossi Hypoglossal nerve roots united Hypoglossal nerve roots united
conjunctae
8522 Innervatio incipiens gemmae Incipient innervation of upper limb Incipient innervation of upper limb
membri superioris bud bud
8523 Terminatio nervorum motoriorum in Termination of motor nerves in Termination of motor nerves in
primordiis musculorum muscle primordia muscle primordia
8524 Rr. communicantes Rami communicantes Rami communicantes
8525 Fovea lentis Lens pit Lens pit
8527 Pedunculus opticus primordialis Primordial optic stalk Primordial optic stalk
8528 Fissura optica Fissura retinae Retinal fissure Retinal fissure Optic fissure
8530 Diverticulum endolymphaticum Appendiculum endolymphaticum Endolymphatic diverticulum Endolymphatic diverticulum Endolymphatic appendage
8531 Primordium ductus cochlearis Primordium of cochlear duct Primordium of cochlear duct
8532 EMBRYO GRADUS XV STAGE 15 EMBRYO STAGE 15 EMBRYO Endnote 449


8534 Differentiatio vaginae notochordalis Differentiation of cellular Differentiation of cellular
cellularis notochordal sheath notochordal sheath
8535 Blastema arcus neuralis Blastema of neural arch Blastema of neural arch
8536 Blastema costae Blastema of rib Blastema of rib
8537 Blastema centri vertebrae Blastema of centrum of vertebra Blastema of centrum of vertebra
8538 Junctio sclerotomorum occipitalium Four occipital sclerotomes fusing Four occipital sclerotomes fusing
quatuor
8539 Blastemata skeletalia scapulae, Skeletal blastemas of scapula, Skeletal blastemas of scapula,
humeri, radii, ulnae, carpi, manus, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus,
acetabuli et femoris proximalis hand, acetabulum and proximal hand, acetabulum and proximal
femur femur
8540 Lamina manus Hand plate Hand plate
8541 Crista ectodermalis apicalis Crista marginalis membri inferioris Apical ectodermal ridge of lower Apical ectodermal ridge of lower Marginal ridge of lower limb
membri inferioris limb limb
8543 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of Circular muscle layer of esophagus
muscularis oesophagi oesophagus
8544 Descensus cardiae gastris Descent of primordial cardia of Descent of primordial cardia of
primordialis stomach stomach
8545 Elongatio muri sinistri gastris Elongation of left wall of primordial Elongation of left wall of primordial
8546 Proliferatio epithelii duodeni Proliferation of duodenal Proliferation of duodenal
8547 Interruptio luminis duodenalis Duodenal lumen occluded Duodenal lumen occluded
8548 Bulla caecalis Caecal swelling Cecal swelling
8549 Vesica biliaris Vesica fellea Gallbladder Gallbladder
8550 Ductus choledochus Ductus biliaris Bile duct Bile duct
8551 Foramen omentale Foramen epiploicum Omental foramen Omental foramen Epiploic foramen
8554 Prominentia nasalis lateralis Lateral nasal prominence Lateral nasal prominence
8555 Prominentia nasalis medialis Medial nasal prominence Medial nasal prominence
8556 Gemmae bronchiales secundariae Gemmae loborum pulmonalium Secondary bronchial buds Secondary bronchial buds Pulmonary lobar buds
8558 Metanephros in pelve presumptiva Metanephros in presumptive pelvis Metanephros in presumptive pelvis
8559 Ramificatio incipiens ampullae Incipient branching of ureteric Incipient branching of ureteric
uretericae in blastemate ampulla in metanephrogenic ampulla in metanephrogenic
metanephrogenico blastema blastema
8560 Formatio ampullarum uretericarum Formation of superior and inferior Formation of superior and inferior
superioris et inferioris ureteric ampullae ureteric ampullae
8561 Sinus urogenitalis primordialis Primordial urogenital sinus Primordial urogenital sinus
8562 Crista gonadalis Gonadal ridge Gonadal ridge
8564 Foramen secundum Foramen secundum Foramen secundum
8565 A. vertebralis Vertebral artery Vertebral artery

8570 Primordium glandulae pinealis Primordium of pineal gland Primordium of pineal gland
8571 Primordium corticis glandulae Primordium of cortex of suprarenal Primordium of cortex of suprarenal
suprarenalis gland gland
8574 Complexus cristae neuralis Olfactory neural crest complex at Olfactory neural crest complex at
olfactoriae apud telencephalon telencephalon telencephalon
8575 Fibrae nervi olfactorii apud Olfactory nerve fibres at Olfactory nerve fibres at
bulbum olfactorium primordial olfactory bulb primordial olfactory bulb
8576 Densatio hippocampalis Hippocampal thickening Hippocampal thickening
8577 Eminentia ventricularis lateralis Lateral ventricular eminence Lateral ventricular eminence
8578 Pretectum Synencephalon Pretectum Pretectum Synencephalon
8579 Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus
8580 Crista marginalis Marginal ridge Marginal ridge
8581 Prethalamus Prethalamus Prethalamus
8582 N. abducens N. cranialis VI Abducent nerve Abducent nerve Abducens nerve; Cranial nerve 6
8583 Primordia gangliorum geniculi et Primordia of geniculate and Primordia of geniculate and
vestibulocochlearis disjungentia vestibulocochlear ganglia vestibulocochlear ganglia
separating separating
8584 Ganglion geniculi Ganglion geniculatum Geniculate ganglion Geniculate ganglion
8585 Ganglion vestibulocochleare Vestibulocochlear ganglion Vestibulocochlear ganglion
8586 Innervatio incipiens gemmae Incipient innervation of lower limb Incipient innervation of lower limb
membri inferioris bud bud
8587 Primordium trunci sympathici Primordium of cervical sympathetic Primordium of cervical sympathetic
cervicalis trunk trunk
8588 Corpus vitreum primarium Primary vitreous body Primary vitreous body
8589 Pigmentatio laminae externae Pigmentation of external optic cup Pigmentation of external optic cup
cupulae opticae layer layer
8590 Vesicula lentis Lens vesicle Lens vesicle
8591 Colliculi aurales Auricular hillocks Auricular hillocks
8592 EMBRYO GRADUS XVI STAGE 16 EMBRYO STAGE 16 EMBRYO Endnote 450
8593 Generalia General General Endnote 451
8594 Motus levissime perceptibiles Movements just discernible Movements just discernible Endnote 452
8595 Prominentia frontonasalis Frontonasal prominence Frontonasal prominence
8596 Sulcus nasomaxillaris Nasomaxillary groove Nasomaxillary groove
8597 Sulcus nasolacrimalis Sulcus lacrimalis Nasolacrimal groove Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal groove
8598 Lamina lacrimalis Lacrimal lamina Lacrimal lamina

8599 Plexus lumbosacralis Lumbosacral plexus Lumbosacral plexus
8600 Lamina pedis Foot plate Foot plate
8601 Chondrificatio humeri Chondrifying humerus Chondrifying humerus
8602 Ingressio nervorum in laminam Entry of nerves into hand plate Entry of nerves into hand plate
manus
8603 Directura partis caudalis embryonis Straightening of caudal part of Straightening of caudal part of
embryo embryo
8604 Condensatio mesenchymalis ossis Mesenchymal condensation of Mesenchymal condensation of
hyoidei hyoid bone hyoid bone
8606 Junctio prominentiarum Joining of primary palatal Joining of primary palatal
palatinarum primariarum prominences prominences
8607 Primordium organi juxtaoralis Primordium of juxta-oral organ Primordium of juxtaoral organ §Chievitz§
8608 Formatio curvaturae majoris Formation of greater curvature of Formation of greater curvature of
gastris stomach stomach
8609 Formatio fundi gastris Formation of fundus of stomach Formation of fundus of stomach
8610 Formatio curvaturae minoris Formation of lesser curvature of Formation of lesser curvature of
gastris stomach stomach
8611 Incisura angularis Angular incisure Angular incisure
8612 Hernia umbilicalis physiologica Primary intestinal loop projecting Primary intestinal loop projecting Physiological umbilical hernia
into umbilical cord into umbilical cord
8613 Translatio cranialiter duodeni Cranial relocation of distal Cranial relocation of distal
aboralis et flexurae duodenum and duodenojejunal duodenum and duodenojejunal
duodenojejunalis flexure flexure
8614 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of duodenum Circular muscle layer of duodenum
muscularis duodeni
8616 Interruptio luminis duodenalis Duodenal lumen occluded Duodenal lumen occluded
8617 Canaliculi biliferi laminae hepatis Bile canaliculi of hepatic plate Bile canaliculi of hepatic plate
epiglottidis epiglottis epiglottis
cartilaginis cricoideae cricoid cartilage cricoid cartilage
8624 Metanephros in regione lumbale Metanephros in lower lumbar Metanephros in lower lumbar
inferiore region region
8625 Incrementum metanephri Metanephros enlarging Metanephros enlarging
8626 Bifurcatio aliarum alia ampullarum Further bifurcation of ureteric Further bifurcation of ureteric
uretericarum in blastemati ampullae in metanephrogenic ampullae in metanephrogenic

8627 Formatio ductuum uretericorum Formation of ureteric polar ducts Formation of ureteric polar ducts
polarium et lobulorum renalium and renal lobules and renal lobules
8628 Coalescentia ductuum polarium Coalescence of polar ducts to form Coalescence of polar ducts to form
formantium propelves propelves propelves
8629 Primordium pelvis renalis Primordium of renal pelvis Primordium of renal pelvis
8630 Invaginatio epithelii coelomici Invagination of coelomic epithelium Invagination of celomic epithelium
8631 Ductus paramesonephricus Primordial paramesonephric duct Primordial paramesonephric duct
primordialis
8633 Resorptio ductus thyroglossi Resorption of thyroglossal duct Resorption of thyroglossal duct
8635 Chordae parathyroideae Parathyroid cords Parathyroid cords
8636 Parathyrocyti endocrini lucidi Pale principal parathyroid cells Pale principal parathyroid cells
8637 Incrementum prominens glandulae Prominent increase in size of Prominent increase in size of
8638 Cortex suprarenalis temporarius Provisional suprarenal cortex Provisional suprarenal cortex X zone
8639 Evaginatio neurohypophysis Neurohypophysial evagination Neurohypophyseal evagination
8640 Recessus infundibularis Infundibular recess Infundibular recess
8642 Valvula semilunaris Semilunar valve Semilunar valve
8643 Occlusio foraminis primi cordis Closure of foramen primum of Closure of foramen primum of
heart heart
8644 A. cerebri posterior Posterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery
8645 A. subclavia Subclavian artery Subclavian artery
8649 Neurofibrae nervorum Olfactory nerve fibres at olfactory Olfactory nerve fibres at olfactory
olfactoriorum appositae ad bulbum bulb bulb
olfactorium
8650 Evaginatio neurohypophysialis Neurohypophysial evagination Neurohypophyseal evagination
8651 N. trochlearis N. cranialis IV Trochlear nerve Trochlear nerve Cranial nerve 4
8652 Truncus sympathicus compactus Compact sympathetic trunk Compact sympathetic trunk
8654 Densatio utriculosaccularis Utriculosaccular thickening Utriculosaccular thickening
8655 EMBRYO GRADUS XVII STAGE 17 EMBRYO STAGE 17 EMBRYO Endnote 453
8657 Motus tremefactionis Startle Startle Endnote 454
8658 Colliculi auriculares sex Six auricular hillocks Six auricular hillocks
8659 Radii manus Hand rays Hand rays

8660 Regressio partis nonvertebratae Regressio partis nonvertebratae Non-vertebrated part of caudal Nonvertebrated part of caudal Non-vertebrated part of tailbud Endnote 455
eminentiae caudalis gemmae caudalis eminence regressing eminence regressing regressing; Nonvertebrated part of
tailbud regressing
8661 Chondrificatio partis basilaris ossis Basi-occiput chondrifying Basiocciput chondrifying
occipitalis
8662 Chondrificatio centrorum Vertebral centra chondrifying Vertebral centra chondrifying
vertebrarum
8663 Costae membranaceae Membranous ribs Membranous ribs
8664 Blastemata skeletalia claviculae, Skeletal blastema of clavicle, hand, Skeletal blastema of clavicle, hand,
manus, coxae, femoris, tibiae, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula and hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula and
fibulae et pedis foot foot
8665 Centra cartilaginea scapulae, radii, Chondrification centres for Chondrification centers for
ulnae, coxae, femoris, tibiae et scapula, radius, ulna, hip bone, scapula, radius, ulna, hip bone,
fibulae femur, tibia and fibula femur, tibia and fibula
8667 Invaginatio primordii organi Invagination of primordium of juxta- Invagination of primordium of §Chievitz§
juxtaoralis oral organ juxtaoral organ
8668 Palatum primarium Processus palatinus medianus Primary palate Primary palate Median palatal process
8669 Processus palatinus secundarius Processus palatinus lateralis Lateral palatine process Lateral palatine process Palatal shelf
8670 Primordia vestibuli oris Primordia of oral vestibule Primordia of oral vestibule Primary epithelial band
8671 Epithelium stratificatum columnare Stratified columnar epithelium of Stratified columnar epithelium of
oesophagi oesophagus esophagus
8672 Vacuola epitheliorum oesophagi Epithelii oesophagei Follicular arrangement of Follicular arrangement of
oesophageal epithelium esophageal epithelium
8673 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of Circular muscle layer of esophagus
muscularis oesophagi oesophagus
8674 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of stomach Circular muscle layer of stomach
muscularis gastris
8675 Positio transversa gastris Transverse position of primordial Transverse position of primordial
8676 Areae gastricae Gastric regions Gastric regions
8677 Foveolae gastricae Gastric pits Gastric pits
8678 Plexus nervosus myentericus Myenteric plexus of stomach Myenteric plexus of stomach §Auerbach§
gastris
8679 Gemmae cryptarum intestini tenuis Crypt buds of small intestine Crypt buds of small intestine
8680 Plexus nervosus myentericus Myenteric plexus of small intestine Myenteric plexus of small intestine §Auerbach§
intestini tenuis
8682 Occlusio luminis duodenalis Duodenal lumen occluded Duodenal lumen occluded
8683 Junctio pancreatum dorsalis et Dorsal and ventral pancreas fused Dorsal and ventral pancreas fused
ventralis
8684 Primordium appendicis Primordium appendicis vermiformis Primordium of appendix Primordium of appendix Primordium of vermiform appendix
8686 Gemmae bronchiales tertiariae Gemmae segmentorum Tertiary bronchopulmonary buds Tertiary bronchopulmonary buds Bronchopulmonary segmental
bronchopulmonalium buds

8687 Urogenitalia Urogenital Urogenital Endnote 456
8688 Bifurcatio ductuum uretericorum in Bifurcation of ureteric polar ducts Bifurcation of ureteric polar ducts
blastemate metanephrogenico in metanephrogenic blastema in metanephrogenic blastema
8689 Formatio propelvium uretericarum Formation of ureteric propelves, Formation of ureteric propelves,
et ductuum lobulorumque renalium renal ducts and renal lobules renal ducts and renal lobules
8690 Coalescentia propelvium formans Coalescence of propelves to form Coalescence of propelves to form
calyces majores major calyces major calyces
8691 Primordia calycum renalium Primordia of renal calyces Primordia of renal calyces
8692 Chordae gonadales Gonadal cords Gonadal cords
8693 Extensio caudaliter ductuum Extension of paramesonephric Extension of paramesonephric
paramesonephricorum contra ducts caudally to juxtapose with ducts caudally to juxtapose with
ductum mesonephricum mesonephric duct mesonephric duct
8694 Canalis vesicourethralis Vesico-urethral canal Vesicourethral canal
8695 Sinus urogenitalis definitivus Definitive urogenital sinus Definitive urogenital sinus
8697 Associatio corporis Ultimopharyngeal body associates Ultimopharyngeal body associates
ultimopharyngei cum glandula with thyroid gland with thyroid gland
thyroidea
8698 Pars lateralis primordii thyroidei Lateral thyroid component Lateral thyroid component
8699 Associatio glandulae Superior parathyroid associated Superior parathyroid associated Parathyroid 4 associates with
parathyroideae superioris cum with thyroid gland with thyroid gland thyroid gland
glandula thyroidea
8700 Gradus precolloidalis glandulae Precolloid stage of thyroid gland Precolloid stage of thyroid gland
thyroideae
8701 Mesenchyma in cortice Mesenchyme in provisional Mesenchyme in provisional
suprarenale temporaria suprarenal cortex suprarenal cortex
8703 Conjunctio tuberum Fusion of atrioventricular Fusion of atrioventricular
endocardiacorum endocardiac cushions endocardiac cushions
atrioventricularium
8704 Septum transversum in plano Septum transversum at Septum transversum at
thoracico medio midthoracic level midthoracic level
8705 Aa. cerebri anterior et media Anterior and middle cerebral Anterior and middle cerebral
arteries arteries
8707 A. carotis communis sinistra Left common carotid artery Left common carotid artery
8708 Defectio aortae dorsalis inter Defectio ductus carotici Disappearance of dorsal aorta Disappearance of dorsal aorta Disappearance of ductus caroticus
arterias arcuum pharyngeorum III between pharyngeal arch arteries between pharyngeal arch arteries
et IV 3 and 4 3 and 4
8709 Defectio partis distalis arteriae Disappearance of distal part of Disappearance of distal part of
arcus pharyngei sexti dextri right 6th pharyngeal arch artery right 6th pharyngeal arch artery
8712 Disjunctio primordii thymi Detachment of thymic primordium Detachment of thymic primordium
8713 Hilum primordiale splenis Primordial hilum of spleen Primordial hilum of spleen

8715 Bulbus olfactorius presumptivus Presumptive olfactory bulb Presumptive olfactory bulb
8716 Primordia nucleorum Primordia of amygdaloid nuclei Primordia of amygdaloid nuclei
amygdaloideorum
8717 Pedunculus hemisphericus Hemispheric stalk Hemispheric stalk
8718 Ganglia ciliare pterygopalatinum et Ciliary, pterygopalatine and Ciliary, pterygopalatine and
submandibulare submandibular ganglia submandibular ganglia
8719 Ganglia geniculi et Geniculate and vestibulocochlear Geniculate and vestibulocochlear
vestibulocochleare disjuncta ganglia separated ganglia separated
8720 Nn. craniales 0 ad XII Cranial nerves 0-XII Cranial nerves 0-XII Endnote 457
8721 Occlusio cavitatis lentis Lens cavity obliterated Lens cavity obliterated
8722 Differentiatio retinae neuralis Differentiation of neural retina Differentiation of neural retina
incipiens begins begins
8723 Stratum nucleare strati Nuclear layer of ventricular layer of Nuclear layer of ventricular layer of
ventricularis cupulae opticae optic cup optic cup
8724 Stratum marginale initiale retinae Initial marginal layer of retina Initial marginal layer of retina
8725 Capsula otica membranacea Membranous otic capsule Membranous otic capsule
8726 Diverticulum utriculosacculare Utriculosaccular diverticulum Utriculosaccular diverticulum
8727 Recessus tubotympanicus Tubotympanic recess Tubotympanic recess
8728 Ossicula auditus membranacea Membranous auditory ossicles Membranous auditory ossicles
8729 EMBRYO GRADUS XVIII STAGE 18 EMBRYO STAGE 18 EMBRYO Endnote 458
8731 Motus contractionis corporalis General movements General movements Endnote 459
generalis
8732 Motus singultus Hiccup Hiccup Endnote 460
8733 Sexus gonadalis masculinus Evidence of male gonadal features Evidence of male gonadal features
8734 Initium lordosis cervicalis Beginning of cervical lordosis Beginning of cervical lordosis
8735 Initium lordosis lumbalis Beginning of lumbar lordosis Beginning of lumbar lordosis
8736 Regio cubitalis Elbow region Elbow region
8737 Lamina manus incisa Notched hand plate Notched hand plate
8738 Radii pedis Foot rays Foot rays
8739 Plicae palpebrales Palpebral folds Palpebral folds
8740 Apex nasi Apex of nose Apex of nose Tip of nose
8741 Bifurcatio apicis laminae lacrimalis Bifurcation of tip of lacrimal lamina Bifurcation of tip of lacrimal lamina
8742 Omnia centra vertebralia presentia All vertebral centra present All vertebral centra present
8743 Omnia ganglia spinalia presentia All spinal ganglia present All spinal ganglia present
8744 Initium ossificationis Beginning of intramembranous Beginning of intramembranous
membranaceae corporis claviculae ossification of shaft of clavicle ossification of shaft of clavicle
membranaceae corporis ossification of body of mandible ossification of body of mandible
mandibulae
membranaceae maxillae ossification of maxilla ossification of maxilla

8747 Initium chondrificationis arcuum Beginning of chondrification of Beginning of chondrification of
vertebralium et costarum vertebral arches and ribs vertebral arches and ribs
8748 Blastemata skeletalia ossis lunati, Skeletal blastemata of lunate, Skeletal blastemata of lunate,
ossis pisiformis et plurium pisiform and some phalanges pisiform and some phalanges
phalangium
8749 Centra chondrificationis ossium Chondrification centres for tarsus Chondrification centers for tarsus
tarsalium et metatarsalium and metatarsus and metatarsus
8750 Cartilagines skeletales scapulae, Skeletal cartilages of scapula, Skeletal cartilages of scapula,
humeri, radii, ulnae, ossis capitati, humerus, radius, ulna, capitate, humerus, radius, ulna, capitate,
ossis hamati, ossis scaphoidei, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium and hamate, scaphoid, trapezium and
ossium trapezii trapezoideique, trapezoid, metacarpals and other trapezoid, metacarpals and other
ossium metacarpalium atque phalanges, of ilium, ischium and phalanges, of ilium, ischium and
aliarum phalangium, ilii, ischii, pubis, femur, tibia and fibula pubis, femur, tibia and fibula
pubis, femoris, tibiae et fibulae
8751 Chondrificatio ossis hyoidei Chondrification of hyoid bone Chondrification of hyoid bone
8752 Primordia muscularia Muscle primordia Muscle primordia
8754 Primordium organi juxtaoralis Detached primordium of juxta-oral Detached primordium of juxtaoral §Chievitz§
disiunctum organ organ
8755 Taenia labiogingivalis Labiogingival lamina Labiogingival lamina Vestibular band
8757 Gemma glandulae Submandibular gland bud Submandibular gland bud
submandibularis
8758 Formatio glandularum gastricarum Formation of gastric glands proper Formation of gastric glands proper
propriarum
8759 Exocrinocyti parietales Parietal cells of gastric glands Parietal cells of gastric glands Oxyntic cells
glandularum gastris
8760 Plica cloacalis Cloacal fold Cloacal fold
8763 Primordium ductus nasolacrimalis Primordium of nasolacrimal duct Primordium of nasolacrimal duct
8765 Primordium septi nasi Primordium of nasal septum Primordium of nasal septum
8767 Choana primaria Primary choana Primary choana
8768 Gemmae bronchiales quaternariae Gemmae bronchopulmonales Quaternary bronchopulmonary Quaternary bronchopulmonary Bronchopulmonary subsegmental
subsegmentales buds buds buds
8770 Metanephros in regione lumbale Metanephros in upper lumbar Metanephros in upper lumbar
superiore region region
8771 Occlusio luminis ureteri Occluded ureteric lumen Occluded ureteric lumen
8772 Bifurcatio aliarum ampullarum Further bifurcation of ureteric Further bifurcation of ureteric
8773 Formatio propelvium uretericarum Formation of ureteric propelves, Formation of ureteric propelves,
et ductuum lobulorumque renalium renal ducts and renal lobules renal ducts and renal lobules

8774 Coalescentia propelvium formans Coalescence of propelves to form Coalescence of propelves to form
calyces minores minor calyces minor calyces
8775 Circa triginta duas ampullas About 32 ureteric ampullae About 32 ureteric ampullae
uretericas
8776 Tubuli metanephrici colligentes Ductus metanephrici colligentes Collecting tubules of metanephros Collecting tubules of metanephros Collecting ducts of metanephros; §Bellini§
CD
8777 Chordae testiculares Testicular cords Testicular cords Medullary cords of testis
8778 Elongatio ductus paramesonephrici Elongation of paramesonephric Elongation of paramesonephric
duct duct
8779 Tuberculum phallicum Tuberculum genitale Phallic tubercle Phallic tubercle Genital tubercle
8781 Plica secunda interatrialis Septum secundum Secondary interatrial fold Secondary interatrial fold
8782 Foramen ovale Oval foramen Oval foramen §Botallo§
8783 M. papillaris superolateralis M. papillaris anterior ventriculi Superolateral papillary muscle of Superolateral papillary muscle of Anterior papillary muscle of left
8784 M. papillaris inferoseptalis M. papillaris posterior ventriculi Inferoseptal papillary muscle of Inferoseptal papillary muscle of Posterior papillary muscle of left
8785 M. papillaris anterolateralis M. papillaris anterior ventriculi Anterolateral papillary muscle of Anterolateral papillary muscle of Anterior papillary muscle of right
ventriculi dextri dextri right ventricle right ventricle ventricle
8787 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
umbilicalis Haemangiogenesis in Haemangiogenesis in sacco haemangiogenesis sac hemangiogenesis
vesicula umbilicale vitellino
8788 Invasio vasorum sanguineorum in Invasion of splenic primordium by Invasion of splenic primordium by
primordium splenis blood vessels blood vessels
8791 Corpus striatum Corpus striatum Corpus striatum
8792 Nucleus ruber Red nucleus Red nucleus
8793 Tubercula cerebellaria externa External cerebellar swellings External cerebellar swellings
8794 Tubercula cerebellaria interna Internal cerebellar swellings Internal cerebellar swellings
8795 Nucleus dentatus Dentate nucleus Dentate nucleus
8796 Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle
8797 Phasis zonarum trium Three-zone phase of differentiation Three zone phase of differentiation
differentiationis epithelii tubi of neural tube epithelium of neural tube epithelium
neuralis
8799 Plexus choroideus villosus Villous choroid plexus of lateral Villous choroid plexus of lateral
ventriculi lateralis ventricle ventricle
8800 Occlusio fissurae retinalis Occlusio fissurae opticae Closure of retinal fissure Closure of retinal fissure Closure of optic fissure
8801 Canalis hyaloideus Hyaloid canal Hyaloid canal
8802 Conjunctio colliculorum Fusion of auricular hillocks Fusion of auricular hillocks
auricularium
8803 Stapes Stapes Stapes
8804 M. stapedius Stapedius Stapedius

8805 Ductus semicirculares auris Semicircular ducts of internal ear Semicircular ducts of internal ear
internae
8806 EMBRYO GRADUS XIX STAGE 19 EMBRYO STAGE 19 EMBRYO Endnote 461
8808 Motus contractionis corporalis General movements General movements
generalis
8809 Motus singultus Hiccup Hiccup
8810 Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum Cartilagines arcuum mandibularis, Cartilages of first, second and third Cartilages of first, second and third Cartilages of mandibular, hyoid
primi, secundi et tertii hyoidei et tertii pharyngeal arches pharyngeal arches and third arches
8811 Chorda lacrimalis et primordium Lacrimal cord and primordium of Lacrimal cord and primordium of
canaliculorum canaliculi canaliculi
8812 Lamina meatus nasalis inferioris Lamina of inferior nasal meatus Lamina of inferior nasal meatus
8813 Centrum ossificationis primarium Primary ossification centre of Primary ossification center of
femoris femur femur
8814 Ossificatio mandibulae Ossification of mandible Ossification of mandible
8815 Chondrificatio pediculi arcus Chondrification of pedicle of Chondrification of pedicle of
vertebrae vertebral arch vertebral arch
8816 Primordia articulationum coxae et Primordia of hip and knee joints Primordia of hip and knee joints
genus
8817 Septum transversum prope vel ad Septum transversum at or near Septum transversum at or near
situationem definitivam definitive level definitive level
8818 Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Blastema of lacrimal gland Blastema of lacrimal gland
8820 Chorda juxtaoralis cum lumine Juxta-oral cord with lumen Juxtaoral cord with lumen
8821 Mesenchyma appositum ad Mesenchyme applied to Mesenchyme applied to
gemmam glandulae submandibular gland bud submandibular gland bud
submandibularis
8822 Mesenteron in hernia umbilicale Midgut in umbilical hernia Midgut in umbilical hernia
8823 Exocrinocyti caliciformes intestini Goblet cells of small intestine Goblet cells of small intestine
tenuis
8824 Villi primordiales intestini tenuis Primordial villi of small intestine Primordial villi of small intestine
8826 Colon primordiale Primordial colon Primordial colon
8827 Lamina muscularis mucosae coli Muscularis mucosae of colon Muscularis mucosae of colon
8830 Bifurcatio aliarum alia perducens Further bifurcation of ureteric Further bifurcation of ureteric
ampullarum uretericarum in ampullae in metanephrogenic ampullae in metanephrogenic
blastemati metanephrogenico blastema blastema
8831 Vesiculae metanephricae Vesiculae renales Metanephric vesicles Metanephric vesicles Renal vesicles
8832 Differentiatio sexualis gonadarum Sexual differentiation of gonads Sexual differentiation of gonads
8833 Chordae medullares testis Medullary cords of testis Medullary cords of testis

8835 Truncus occlusus sacci Closed stem of adenohypophysial Closed stem of adenohypophyseal
adenohypophysialis pouch pouch
8836 Paries abinfundibularis sacci Abinfundibular wall of Abinfundibular wall of
8837 Pars distalis adenohypophysis Pars distalis of adenohypophysis Pars distalis of adenohypophysis Pars anterior of hypophysis
8838 Paries infundibularis sacci Infundibular wall of Infundibular wall of
8839 Pars intermedia Pars intermedia of Pars intermedia of
adenohypophysis adenohypophysis adenohypophysis
8840 Paries dorsolateralis sacci Dorsolateral wall of Dorsolateral wall of
8841 Pars tuberalis adenohypophysis Pars tuberalis of Pars tuberalis of
adenohypophysis adenohypophysis
8842 Disjunctio gemmae parathyroideae Disjunctio gemmae parathyroideae Bud of inferior parathyroid Bud of inferior parathyroid Parathyroid bud of pouch 3
inferioris sacci tertii detached detached detached
8843 Associatio glandulae Inferior parathyroid associates with Inferior parathyroid associates with Parathyroid 3 associates with
parathyroideae inferioris cum thyroid gland thyroid gland thyroid gland
glandula thyroidea
8845 Circulus arteriosus cerebri Cerebral arterial circle Cerebral arterial circle
8847 Haemangiogenesis in vesicula Haemangiogenesis in sacco Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Umbilical vesicle Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
8849 Bulbus olfactorius Olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb
8850 Lamina cerebellaris Cerebellar plate Cerebellar plate
8851 Decussatio nervorum trochlearium Trochlear nerve decussation Trochlear nerve decussation
8852 Nucleus olivarius accessorius Medial accessory olivary nucleus Medial accessory olivary nucleus
medialis
8853 Plexus choroideus ventriculi quarti Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
8854 Epithelium posterius corneae Endothelium of anterior chamber Endothelium of anterior chamber
8855 Ingressio axonum nervi optici in Entry of optic nerve axons into Entry of optic nerve axons into
pedunculum opticum optic stalk optic stalk
8856 Stratum pigmentosum retinae Pigmented layer of retina Pigmented layer of retina
8857 Directio dorsalis ductus cochlearis Cochlear duct pointing dorsad Cochlear duct pointing dorsad
8858 Malleus Malleus Malleus
8859 Incus Incus Incus
8860 Capsula otica cartilaginea Cartilaginous otic capsule Cartilaginous otic capsule
8861 EMBRYO GRADUS XX STAGE 20 EMBRYO STAGE 20 EMBRYO Endnote 462

8863 Motus contractionis corporalis General movements General movements
generalis
8864 Motus singultus Hiccup Hiccup

8865 Plexus vasculosus subcutaneus Incipient subcutaneous vascular Incipient subcutaneous vascular
capitis incipiens plexus of head plexus of head
8866 Chondrocranium presellare Presellar chondrocranium Presellar chondrocranium
8867 Centra ossificationis primaria Primary ossification centres of Primary ossification centers of
tibiae, fibulae, humeri, radii et tibia, fibula, humerus, radius and tibia, fibula, humerus, radius and
ulnae ulna ulna
8868 Cartilago skeletalis ossium Skeletal cartilage of tarsus, Skeletal cartilage of tarsus,
tarsalium, ossium metatarsalium et metatarsus and phalanges metatarsus and phalanges
phalangium
8869 Primordia ligamentorum primorum Primordia of first ligaments Primordia of first ligaments
8870 Eminentia caudalis vestigialis Cauda vestigialis Vestigial caudal eminence Vestigial caudal eminence Vestigial tail
8871 Tuberculum coccygeum Coccygeal tubercle Coccygeal tubercle
8872 Tuberculum caudale Caudal tubercle Caudal tubercle
8874 Innervatio primordii organi Innervation of primordial juxta-oral Innervation of primordial juxtaoral §Chievitz§
juxtaoralis a nervo buccale organ by buccal nerve organ by buccal nerve
8875 Extensio pediculi glandulae Elongated submandibular stalk Elongated submandibular stalk
submandibularis
8876 Ampulla recti Rectal ampulla Rectal ampulla
8877 Columnae anales Anal columns Anal columns
8878 Canalis analis occlusus Occlusion of anus Occlusion of anus
8880 Cupula vomeronasalis Vomeronasal cup Vomeronasal cup
8881 Occlusio hiatus pleuroperitonealis Closure of pleuroperitoneal Closure of pleuroperitoneal
opening opening
8884 Tubuli metanephrici sigmoidei S-shaped metanephric tubules S-shaped metanephric tubules
8886 Colloidum in folliculis glandulae Colloid in thyroid gland follicles Colloid in thyroid gland follicles
thyroideae
8887 Truncus extensus sacci Elongated stem of Elongated stem of
8890 Cortex thymi Cortex of thymus Cortex of thymus
8892 Plexus choroideus villosus Villous choroid plexus of lateral Villous choroid plexus of lateral
ventriculi lateralis ventricle ventricle
8893 Adventus axonum in chiasma Arrival of axons in optic chiasm Arrival of axons in optic chiasm
opticum
8894 Commissura habenularum Habenular commissure Habenular commissure

8895 Stratum neurorum immaturorum Outer immature neuron layer of Outer immature neuron layer of
externum retinae retina retina
8896 Stratum anucleare fugax retinae Transient anuclear layer of retina Transient anuclear layer of retina §Chievitz§
8897 Stratum neurorum immaturorum Stratum intermedium retinae; Inner immature neuron layer of Inner immature neuron layer of Mantle layer of retina
internum retinae Stratum pallii retinae retina retina
8898 M. tensor tympani Tensor tympani Tensor tympani
8899 Ductus cochlearis caudaliter Cochlear duct pointing caudad Cochlear duct pointing caudad
8900 EMBRYO GRADUS XXI STAGE 21 EMBRYO STAGE 21 EMBRYO Endnote 463
8902 Motus singularis membri Isolated limb movements Isolated limb movements Endnote 464
8903 Motus singularis extensionis capitis Isolated retroflexion of the head Isolated retroflexion of the head Endnote 465
8904 Motus singularis rotationis capitis Isolated rotation of the head Isolated rotation of the head Endnote 466
8905 Expansio plexus vasculosi Expansion of subcutaneous Expansion of subcutaneous
subcutanei capitis vascular plexus of head vascular plexus of head
8907 Rr. primarii pediculi glandulae Primary branches of Primary branches of
submandibularis submandibular stalk submandibular stalk
8908 Extensio pediculi glandulae Elongation of parotid bud Elongation of parotid bud
parotideae
8909 Papillae linguales vallatae et Vallate and foliate papillae of Vallate and foliate papillae of
foliatae tongue tongue
8910 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle layer of Longitudinal muscle layer of
muscularis oesophagi oesophagus esophagus
8911 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle layer of Longitudinal muscle layer of
muscularis gastris stomach stomach
8912 Recanalisatio luminis duodenalis Duodenal lumen recanalised Duodenal lumen recanalised
8913 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of rectum Circular muscle layer of rectum
muscularis recti
8915 Organum vomeronasale Vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal organ
8918 Capsulae glomerulares Metanephric glomerular capsules Metanephric glomerular capsules
metanephricae
8919 Lumen ureteri recanalisatum Recanalised ureteric lumen Recanalised ureteric lumen
8921 Initium dissolutionis trunci sacci Beginning of fragmentation of stem Beginning of fragmentation of stem
adenohypophysialis of adenohypophysial pouch of adenohypophyseal pouch
8924 Invasio thymi a vasis capillariis Invasion of thymus by capillaries Invasion of thymus by capillaries

8926 Fasciculus prosencephalicus Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus
lateralis
8927 Phasis zonarum quatuor Four-zone phase of differentiation Four zone phase of differentiation
differentiationis corticis cerebri of cerebral cortex of cerebral cortex
8928 Lamina corticalis hemispherii Cortical plate of cerebral Cortical plate of cerebral
cerebri hemisphere hemisphere
8929 Adventus axonum nervi optici ad Arrival of optic nerve axons at Arrival of optic nerve axons at
diencephalon diencephalon diencephalon
8930 Substantia propria corneae Substantia propria of cornea Substantia propria of cornea
8931 Ductus cochlearis ventraliter Cochlear duct pointing ventrad Cochlear duct pointing ventrad
8932 EMBRYO GRADUS XXII STAGE 22 EMBRYO STAGE 22 EMBRYO Endnote 467
8934 Motus manus adtingentis faciem Hand-face contact Hand face contact Endnote 468
8935 Expansio plexus vasculosi Expansion of subcutaneous Expansion of subcutaneous
subcutanei capitis vascular plexus of head vascular plexus of head
8936 Reflexus contractionis perioralis Peri-oral mass reflex Perioral mass reflex
totalis
8937 Reflexus contractionis facialis Facial mass reflex Facial mass reflex
totalis
8938 Responsum flexionis cervicalis Contralateral flexion response of Contralateral flexion response of
contralateralis neck neck
8939 Differentiatio partium Differentiation of canalicular, Differentiation of canalicular,
canalicularum saccularum saccular and ductular parts of saccular and ductular parts of
ductularumque chordae lacrimalis lacrimal cord lacrimal cord
8940 Tragus Tragus Tragus
8941 Antitragus Antitragus Antitragus
8942 Anulus periostealis humeri Periosteal collar of humerus Periosteal collar of humerus
8944 Rr. secundarii pediculi glandulae Secondary branches of Secondary branches of
submandibularis submandibular stalk submandibular stalk
8945 Rr. primarii pediculi glandulae Primary branches of parotid stalk Primary branches of parotid stalk
parotideae
8946 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of small Circular muscle layer of small
muscularis intestini tenuis intestine intestine
8947 Villi definitivi duodeni Definitive villi of duodenum Definitive villi of duodenum
8948 Epitheliocyti penicillati solitarii Enterocyti solitarii cum limbo Solitary brush cells Solitary brush cells Solitary tuft cells; Solitary
microvilloso enterocyte with microvillous
border; Solitary enterocyte with
brush border
8949 Endocrinocyti gastrointestinales Entero-endocrine cells Enteroendocrine cells Gastro-enteropancreatic cells;
gastris et intestini tenuis Gastroenteropancreatic cells; GEP
endocrine cells of stomach and
small intestine

8950 Corpuscula meconii in enterocytis Meconium corpuscles in Meconium corpuscles in
enterocytes enterocytes
8951 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle layer of small Longitudinal muscle layer of small
muscularis intestini tenuis intestine intestine
8952 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of colon Circular muscle layer of colon
muscularis coli
8953 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle layer of colon Longitudinal muscle layer of colon
muscularis coli
8954 Stratum circulare tunicae Circular muscle layer of appendix Circular muscle layer of appendix
muscularis appendicis vermiformis
8955 Canalis bilifer Bile canal Bile canal §Hering§
8957 Ductus brevis organi Short vomeronasal duct Short vomeronasal duct
vomeronasalis
8958 Initium temporis pseudoglandularis Beginning of pseudoglandular Beginning of pseudoglandular
pulmonis period of lung period of lung
8961 Glomeruli magni metanephrici Large metanephric glomeruli Large metanephric glomeruli
8962 Tuberculum sinuale Sinus tubercle Sinus tubercle
8964 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini; Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
umbilicalis; Haemangiogenesis in Haemangiogenesis in sacco sac hemangiogenesis
8966 Disjunctio gemmae Disjunctio gemmae parathyroideae Superior parathyroid bud detached Superior parathyroid bud detached Parathyroid bud detached from
parathyroideae superioris sacco quarto pouch 4
8968 Capsula interna cerebri Internal capsule of cerebrum Internal capsule of cerebrum
8969 Capsula externa cerebri External capsule of cerebrum External capsule of cerebrum
8970 Claustrum Claustrum Claustrum
8971 Vagina nervi optici Optic nerve sheath Optic nerve sheath
8972 Stratum neurofibrarum retinae Layer of nerve fibres of retina Layer of nerve fibers of retina
8973 Stratum limitans internum retinae Inner limiting layer of retina Inner limiting layer of retina
8974 Condensatio sclerae Scleral condensation Scleral condensation
8975 Ductus cochlearis dorsaliter iterum Cochlear duct again pointing Cochlear duct again pointing
dorsad dorsad
8976 EMBRYO GRADUS XXIII STAGE 23 EMBRYO STAGE 23 EMBRYO Endnote 469
8978 Motus respirationis Breathing movements Breathing movements Endnote 470
8979 Motus adpertionis oris Jaw movements Jaw movements Endnote 471
8980 Motus porrectionis lentae corporis Stretching Stretching Endnote 472

8981 Motus singularis flexionis capitis Isolated anteflexion of the head Isolated anteflexion of the head Endnote 473
8982 Plexus vasculosus subcutaneus Nearly complete subcutaneous Nearly complete subcutaneous
capitis paene completus vascular plexus of head vascular plexus of head
8983 Conjunctio medialis et lateralis Incipient medial and lateral fusion Incipient medial and lateral fusion
palpebrarum incipiens of eyelids of eyelids
8984 Ossificatio tecti occipitalis Ossifying occipital tectum Ossifying occipital tectum
8985 Vertebrae cartilagineae Cartilaginous vertebrae Cartilaginous vertebrae
8986 Centrum ossificationis primarium Primary ossification centre of Primary ossification center of
scapulae scapula scapula
8987 Cavitatio articulationum coxae et Cavitation of hip and knee joints Cavitation of hip and knee joints
genus
8988 Conjunctio processuum Ongoing fusion of palatal shelves Ongoing fusion of palatal shelves
palatinorum pergens
8990 Glandula sublingualis Sublingual gland Sublingual gland
8991 Formatio palati secundarii pergens Ongoing formation of secondary Ongoing formation of secondary
palate palate
8992 Ductus longus organi Long vomeronasal duct Long vomeronasal duct
vomeronasalis
8993 Rr. secundarii pediculi glandulae Secondary branches of parotid Secondary branches of parotid
parotidae stalk stalk
8994 Papillae linguales fungiformes Fungiform papillae of tongue Fungiform papillae of tongue
8995 Myoblasti leves vesicae biliaris Smooth muscle myoblasts of Smooth muscle myoblasts of
gallbladder gallbladder
8996 Cryptae primordiales intestini Primordial crypts of small intestine Primordial crypts of small intestine
tenuis
8997 Hernia umbilicalis pertinax Persistent umbilical hernia Persistent umbilical hernia
pulmonis
9003 Plica urethralis secundarius Secondary urethral fold Secondary urethral fold
9004 Meiosis oogoniorum Oogonial meiosis Oogonial meiosis
9005 Adventus ductuum Fused paramesonephric ducts Fused paramesonephric ducts ♀
paramesonephricorum junctorum meet urogenital sinus meet urogenital sinus
ad sinum urogenitalem
9007 Dissolutio trunci sacci Dissolution of stem of Dissolution of stem of
adenohypophysis completa adenohypophysial pouch complete adenohypophyseal pouch
complete
9008 Glandula suprarenalis ad polum Suprarenal gland at upper pole of Suprarenal gland at upper pole of
superiorem renis kidney kidney

9010 Haemangiogenesis vesiculae Haemangiogenesis sacci vitellini; Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis; Yolk
umbilicalis; Haemangiogenesis in Haemangiogenesis in sacco haemangiogenesis sac hemangiogenesis
9011 Nodi lymphatici profundi colli Deep cervical lymph nodes Deep cervical lymph nodes
9012 Thymus lobulatus Lobulated thymus Lobulated thymus
9014 Hippocampus ad polum Hippocampus at temporal pole Hippocampus at temporal pole
temporalem
9015 Insula indentata Insula indented Insula indented
9016 Primordium nuclei caudati Primordium of caudate nucleus Primordium of caudate nucleus
9017 Primordium putaminis Primordium of putamen Primordium of putamen
9018 Phasis zonarum quattuor Four-zone phase of differentiation Four zone phase of differentiation
differentiationis corticis cerebri of cerebral cortex of cerebral cortex
9019 Fissura posterolateralis cerebelli Fissura postnodularis Posterolateral fissure of Posterolateral fissure of Postnodular fissure
9020 Phasis zonarum trium cerebelli Three-layered phase of cerebellum Three layered phase of cerebellum
9021 Nn. peripherici in terminis Peripheral nerve bundles in tips of Peripheral nerve bundles in tips of
digitorum membri superioris upper limb digits upper limb digits
9022 Completio corneae Fully formed cornea Fully formed cornea
9023 Membrana pupillaris Pupillary membrane Pupillary membrane Iridopupillary membrane
9024 Vagina nervi optici Optic nerve sheath Optic nerve sheath
9025 Ductus cochlearis ventraliter iterum Cochlear duct again pointing Cochlear duct again pointing
ventrad ventrad
9026 Corpus vitreum secundarium Secondary vitreous body Secondary vitreous body
9027 Tempora fetalia Fetal periods Fetal periods

9028 Fetogenesis Fetogenesis Fetogenesis
9029 Insignia in temporibus fetalibus Features in fetal periods Features in fetal periods
9030 TEMPUS FETALE PRIMUM Fetus hebdomadis nonae ad EARLY FETAL PERIOD EARLY FETAL PERIOD Ninth-thirteenth week fetus
hebdomadem tertiam decimam
9031 Fetus hebdomadis nonae Ninth week fetus Ninth week fetus Endnote 474
9033 Motus respirationis Breathing movements Breathing movements
9034 Motus adpertionis oris Jaw movements Jaw movements
9035 Motus porrectionis lentae corporis Stretching Stretching
9036 Motus singularis flexionis capitis Isolated anteflexion of the head Isolated anteflexion of the head
9037 Flexura capitis circa gradus viginti Head flexion on trunk about 22° Head flexion on trunk about 22°
duo
9038 Constrictio cervicalis amplior Further constriction of neck Further constriction of neck
9039 Membrum superius sensibile tactui Upper limb sensitive to touch Upper limb sensitive to touch
9040 Reflexus circumspectus Squint reflex Squint reflex
9041 Conjunctio palpebrarum Fusion of eyelids Fusion of eyelids

9042 Primordium musculi orbicularis Primordium of orbicularis oculi Primordium of orbicularis oculi
oculi
9043 Conjunctio epithelii conjunctivalis Fusion of conjunctival and Fusion of conjunctival and
cum epithelio canaliculare canalicular epithelia canalicular epithelia
9044 Centra ossificationis primaria ilii et Primary ossification centres of Primary ossification centers of
ossium metatarsalium ilium and metatarsals ilium and metatarsals
9045 Cellula tendinocytoprogenetrix Tendinocyte progenitor cell Tendinocyte progenitor cell
9047 Conjunctio processuum Fusion of palatal shelves Fusion of palatal shelves
palatinorum
9048 Formatio palati secundarii Formation of secondary palate Formation of secondary palate
9049 Ductus parotideus Parotid duct Parotid duct
9050 Lumina in ramis terminalibus Lumina in terminal branches of Lumina in terminal branches of
ductus parotidei parotid duct parotid duct
9051 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
columnare ciliatum oesophagi epithelium of oesophagus epithelium of esophagus
9052 Vacuolae epitheliales oesophagi Epithelial vacuoles of oesophagus Epithelial vacuoles of esophagus
9053 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae of Muscularis mucosae of esophagus
oesophagi oesophagus
9054 Exocrinocyti caliciformes intestini Goblet cells of large intestine Goblet cells of large intestine
crassi
9055 Cryptae intestini crassi Crypts of large intestine Crypts of large intestine
9056 Formatio papillarum Formation of mesenchymal Formation of mesenchymal
mesenchymalium coli papillae of colon papillae of colon
9057 Gemmae glandularum mucosarum Buds of mucous glands of Buds of mucous glands of
vesicae biliaris gallbladder gallbladder
9058 Reductio herniae umbilicalis Reduction of physiological Reduction of physiological
physiologicae umbilical hernia umbilical hernia
9059 Recanalisatio canalis analis Recanalization of anal canal Recanalization of anal canal
pulmonis
9066 Descensus gonadae in abdomine Descent of gonad in abdomen Descent of gonad in abdomen
9067 Conjunctio tuberculorum Fusion of labioscrotal swellings Fusion of labioscrotal swellings
labioscrotalium
9068 Conjunctio plicarum analium Fusion of anal folds Fusion of anal folds
9069 Raphe anogenitalis Anogenital raphé Anogenital raphé
9070 Corpus perineale Centrum perinei Perineal body Perineal body

9072 Endocrinocyti gonadotropici partis Gonadotropic cells of pars distalis Gonadotropic cells of pars distalis
distalis adenohypophysis of adenohypophysis of adenohypophysis
9073 Endocrinocyti thyrotropici partis Thyrotropic cells of pars distalis of Thyrotropic cells of pars distalis of
distalis adenohypophysis adenohypophysis adenohypophysis
9075 Defectio haemangiogenesis de Defectio haemangiogenesis de Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis
vesicula umbilicale sacco vitellino haemangiogenesis eclipsed eclipsed eclipsed; Yolk sac
hemangiogenesis eclipsed
9076 Expansio haematopoiesis Hepatic haematopoiesis extensive Hepatic hematopoiesis extensive
hepaticae
9077 Abundantia erythroblastorum in Abundance of erythroblasts in liver Abundance of erythroblasts in liver
hepate
9078 Megakaryocyti in hepate Megakaryocytes in liver Megakaryocytes in liver
9079 Admodum pauci lymphocyti T et B Very few T and B lymphocytes in Very few T and B lymphocytes in
in hepate liver liver
9080 Macroblasti numerosi in sanguine Numerous circulating macroblasts Numerous circulating macroblasts
9081 Lymphocyti T in sanguine Circulating T lymphocytes Circulating T lymphocytes
9082 Lymphocyti T in thymo T lymphocytes in thymus T lymphocytes in thymus
9083 Subdivisio thymi ab septis Subdivision of thymus by Subdivision of thymus by
mesenchymalibus mesenchymal septa mesenchymal septa
9084 Pseudolobuli thymi Pseudolobules of thymus Pseudolobules of thymus
9085 Invasio thymi a cellulis Invasion of thymus by immature Invasion of thymus by immature
haematopoieticis immaturis haematopoietic cells hematopoietic cells
9087 Coalescentia primordiorum Coalescence of cerebellar Coalescence of cerebellar
cerebellarium primordia primordia
9088 Massa commissuralis Massa commissuralis Massa commissuralis
9089 Commissura anterior Anterior commissure Anterior commissure
9091 Epithelium superficiale corporis Three-layered body surface Threelayered body surface
trilaminare epithelium epithelium
9092 Fetus hebdomadis decimae Tenth week fetus Tenth week fetus Endnote 475
9094 Motus oscitationis Yawn Yawn Endnote 476
9095 Flexura capitis circa gradus Head flexion on trunk about 15° Head flexion on trunk about 15°
quindecim
9096 Reflexus contractionis trunci totalis Trunk mass reflex Trunk mass reflex
9097 Membrum inferius sensibile tactui Lower limb sensitive to touch Lower limb sensitive to touch
9098 Initium canalisationis chordae Beginning of canalization of Beginning of canalization of
lacrimalis et canaliculorum lacrimal cord and canaliculi lacrimal cord and canaliculi
9099 Conjunctio epithelii lacrimalis cum Fusion of lacrimal epithelium and Fusion of lacrimal epithelium and
lamina meatale inferiore inferior meatal lamina inferior meatal lamina
9100 Initium cavitationis laminae Beginning of cavitation of inferior Beginning of cavitation of inferior
meatalis inferioris meatal lamina meatal lamina

phalangium distalium distal phalanges distal phalanges
9103 Papillae linguales filiformes Filiform papillae of tongue Filiform papillae of tongue
9104 Conjunctio processuum Fusion of palatal shelves Fusion of palatal shelves
palatinorum
9106 Sulcus labiogingivalis Vestibular sulcus Vestibular sulcus Labiogingival sulcus
9107 Adventus gemmarum dentium Appearance of permanent tooth Appearance of permanent tooth
permanentium buds buds
9108 Initium status campanalis dentium Early bell stage of deciduous teeth Early bell stage of deciduous teeth
deciduorum
9109 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae of Muscularis mucosae of esophagus
oesophagi oesophagus
9110 Glandula pylorica Pyloric gland Pyloric gland
9111 Limbus microvillosus Microvillous border of enterocytes Microvillous border of enterocytes
enterocytorum intestini tenuis of small intestine of small intestine
9112 Villi transientes intestini crassi Transient villi of large intestine Transient villi of large intestine
9113 Meconium coloratum a bile Bile-stained meconium Bilestained meconium
9116 Gemma mucosae sinus maxillaris Mucosal bud of maxillary sinus Mucosal bud of maxillary sinus
pulmonis
9120 Bifurcatio aliarum alia perducens Further bifurcation of ureteric Further bifurcation of ureteric
ampullarum uretericarum in ampullae in metanephrogenic ampullae in metanephrogenic
blastemati metanephrogenico blastema blastema
9121 Tubuli metanephrici colligentes Ductus metanephrici colligentes Collecting tubules of metanephros Collecting tubules of metanephros Collecting ducts of metanephros; §Bellini§
CDs
9122 Initium periphericum conjunctionis Peripheral commencement of Peripheral commencement of
tubulorum metanephricorum cum fusion of metanephric tubules with fusion of metanephric tubules with
tubulis colligentibus collecting tubules collecting tubules
9123 Descensus gonadarum in Descent of gonads in abdomen Descent of gonads in abdomen
abdomine
9124 Amplio mitosis mitosium?? Mitosis oogoniorum ampliata Increased mitosis of oogonia Increased mitosis of oogonia
Oogoniorum
9125 Agnitio sexus phenotypici externi External phenotypic sex External phenotypic sex
identifiable identifiable
9126 Tuberculum sinuale Sinus tubercle Sinus tubercle
9127 Labium minus Labium minus Labium minus ♀
9128 Conjunctio plicarum urethralium Fusion of secondary urethral folds Fusion of secondary urethral folds ♂
secundarium
9129 Labium majus Labium majus Labium majus ♀
9130 Scrotum Scrotum Scrotum ♂

9131 Commissura labiorum majorum Posterior commissure of labia Posterior commissure of labia ♀
posterior majora majora
9132 Raphe scroti Raphé of scrotum Raphé of scrotum ♂
9134 Endocrinocyti β, α, δ et PP solitarii Solitary β, α, δ and PP cells of Solitary β, α, δ and PP cells of Endnote 477
partis endocrinae pancreatis endocrine part of pancreas endocrine part of pancreas
9135 Endocrinocyti corticotropici partis Corticotropic cells of pars distalis Corticotropic cells of pars distalis
9136 Endocrinocyti somatotropici partis Somatotropic cells of pars distalis Somatotropic cells of pars distalis
9137 Accumulatio iodii in folliculis Iodide accumulation in thyroid Iodide accumulation in thyroid
thyroideis follicles follicles
9138 Formatio noradrenalini in medulla Synthesis of noradrenalin in Synthesis of noradrenalin in
glandulae suprarenalis suprarenal medulla suprarenal medulla
9140 Haemangiogenesis in vesicula Haemangiogenesis in sacco Umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle hemangiogenesis Yolk sac haemangiogenesis
umbilicale decrescens vitellino decrescens haemangiogenesis diminishing diminishing diminishing; Yolk sac
hemangiogenesis diminishing
hepaticae
9142 Erythroblasti in hepate toto Erythroblasts throughout liver Erythroblasts throughout liver
9143 Megakaryocyti in hepate Megakaryocytes in liver Megakaryocytes in liver
9144 Macroblasti numerosi in sanguine Numerous circulating macroblasts Numerous circulating macroblasts
9146 Plurimi lymphocyti T in thymo T lymphocytes in thymus more T lymphocytes in thymus more
numerous numerous
9147 Nodi lymphoidei Bronchopulmonary, ileocolic, pelvic Bronchopulmonary, ileocolic, pelvic
bronchopulmonales, ileocolici, and inguinal lymph nodes and inguinal lymph nodes
pelvici et inguinales
9149 Eversio cerebelli Eversion of cerebellum Eversion of cerebellum
9150 Stratum plexiforme internum Inner plexiform layer of retina Inner plexiform layer of retina
retinae
9151 Stratum ganglionare retinae Ganglionic layer of retina Ganglionic layer of retina
9152 Neuron ganglionare retinae Retinal ganglion cell Retinal ganglion cell
9153 Scala tympani Scala tympani Scala tympani
9155 Epithelium superficiale corporis Three-layered body surface Three layered body surface
9156 Projectiones globulares Globular peridermal projections Globular peridermal projections
peridermales
9157 Fetus hebdomadis undecimae Eleventh week fetus Eleventh week fetus Endnote 478
9159 Motus suctionis et glutitionis Sucking and swallowing Sucking and swallowing Endnote 479
movements movements

9160 Flexura capitis circa gradum octo Head flexion on trunk about 8° Head flexion on trunk about 8°
9161 Responsum palmare flexorium Palmar flexor response Palmar flexor response
9162 Responsum plantare flexorium Plantar flexor response Plantar flexor response
9163 Formatio pontis nasi Formation of nasal bridge Formation of nasal bridge
9166 Plexus nervosus myentericus Myenteric plexus of oesophagus Myenteric plexus of esophagus §Auerbach§
oesophagi
9167 Mucocyti superficiales, exocrinocyti Superficial mucous cells, gland Superficial mucous cells, gland
cervicales et exocrinocyti neck cells and principal cells of neck cells and principal cells of
principales gastris stomach stomach
9168 Sphincter pylori Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter
9169 Gemmae cryptae cum luminibus Crypt buds of small intestine with Crypt buds of small intestine with
intestini tenuis lumina lumina
acidophilis
9171 Cryptae et villi appendicis Crypts and villi of appendix Crypts and villi of appendix
vermiformis
9172 Plicae epitheliales longitudinales Longitudinal epithelial folds of Longitudinal epithelial folds of
coli colon colon
9173 Tubuli glandulae mucosae vesicae Tubules of mucous glands of Tubules of mucous glands of
biliaris gallbladder gallbladder
9174 Contractiones gastris Contractions of stomach Contractions of stomach
9177 Sulcus sinus maxillaris Sulcus of maxillary sinus Sulcus of maxillary sinus
pulmonis
9180 Urogenitalia Urogenital Urogenital Endnote 480
9182 Conjunctio tubulorum Fusion of metanephric tubules with Fusion of metanephric tubules with
metanephricorum cum tubulis collecting tubules collecting tubules
colligentibus
9183 Bulbus sinuvaginalis Sinuvaginal bulb Sinuvaginal bulb
9184 Differentiatio sexualis genitalium Sexual differentiation of external Sexual differentiation of external
externorum genitalia genitalia
9186 Cytodifferentiatio neurohypohysis Cytodifferentiation of Cytodifferentiation of
neurohypophysis neurohypophysis
umbilicale decrescens vitellino decrescens haemangiogenesis diminishing diminishing diminishing; Yolk sac
hemangiogenesis diminishing

hepaticae
9190 Deminutio macroblastorum in Circulating macroblasts decreasing Circulating macroblasts decreasing
sanguine
9191 Granulocyti immaturi in sanguine Circulating immature granulocytes Circulating immature granulocytes
9193 Plurimi lymphocyti T in thymo T lymphocytes in thymus more T lymphocytes in thymus more
numerous numerous
9194 Lymphocyti T in medulla ossium T lymphocytes in bone marrow T lymphocytes in bone marrow
peridermales
9198 Fetus hebdomadis duodecimae Twelfth week fetus Twelfth week fetus Endnote 481
9200 Motus rotationis fetus Rotational movements of fetus Rotational movements of fetus Endnote 482
9201 Flexura parva capitis Slight flexion of head on trunk Slight flexion of head on trunk
9202 Cutis paene tota sensibilis tactui Most skin sensitive to touch Most skin sensitive to touch
9203 Reflexus sardonicus Sneer reflex Sneer reflex
9204 Reflexus occlusionis labiorum Lip closure reflex Lip closure reflex
9205 Oscitatio Mouth opening Mouth opening
9206 Glutitio Swallowing Swallowing
9207 Halitus Gasping Gasping
9208 Centra ossificationis primaria Primary ossification centres for Primary ossification centers for
calcanei calcaneus calcaneus
9209 Myotubuli in omnibus musculis Myotubes in all skeletal muscles Myotubes in all skeletal muscles
9210 Completio buccarum Completion of cheeks Completion of cheeks
9211 Obliteratio coelomatis umbilicalis Obliteration of umbilical coelom Obliteration of umbilical celom
9213 Encapsulatio organi juxtaoralis Encapsulation of juxta-oral organ Encapsulation of juxtaoral organ
9214 Formatio exophytica juxtaoralis Juxta-oral exophytic formation Juxtaoral exophytic formation
9215 Completio conjunctionis Completion of fusion between Completion of fusion between
processuum palatinorum cum palatal shelves and nasal septum palatal shelves and nasal septum
septo nasi
9216 Glandulae submucosae duodenalis Duodenal submucosal glands Duodenal submucosal glands §Brunner§
9217 Ramificatio cryptarum intestini Branching of crypts of small Branching of crypts of small
tenuis intestine intestine
9218 Taeniae coli Taeniae coli Teniae coli
9219 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle coat of rectum Longitudinal muscle coat of rectum
muscularis recti
9220 Acini exocrini pancreatis Pancreatic exocrine acini Pancreatic exocrine acini

9221 Guttulae glycogeni et adipis in Glycogen and lipid droplets in Glycogen and lipid droplets in
hepatocytis hepatocytes hepatocytes
9223 Prominentiae concharum nasalium Prominences of nasal conchae Prominences of nasal conchae
9224 Sulci sinuum maxillarium et Sulci of maxillary sinus and Sulci of maxillary sinus and
cellularum ethmoidalium ethmoidal cells ethmoidal cells
pulmonis
9226 Pneumocyti typi I Type I pneumocytes Type I pneumocytes
colligentibus
9230 Approximatio gonadarum ad Gonads approaching pelvic brim Gonads approaching pelvic brim
aperturam superiorem pelvis
9231 Mitosis contemporanea Synchronous mitosis of oogonia Synchronous mitosis of oogonia
oogoniorum
9232 Processus vaginalis peritonei Incipient vaginal process of Incipient vaginal process of
incipiens peritoneum peritoneum
9233 Primordium glandulae vesiculosae Primordium glandulae seminalis; Primordium of seminal gland Primordium of seminal gland Primordium of seminal vesicle
Primordium vesiculae seminalis
9234 Primordiae gemmarum prostatae Primordia of prostatic buds Primordia of prostatic buds
9236 Endocrinocyti prolactinici partis Prolactin cell of pars distalis of Prolactin cell of pars distalis of
distalis adenohypophysis adenohypophysis adenohypophysis
9237 Vasopressinum et oxytocinum in Vasopressin and oxytocin in Vasopressin and oxytocin in
neurohypophyse neurohypophysis neurohypophysis
9238 Crescentia folliculorum Growth of thyroid follicles Growth of thyroid follicles
thyroideorum
9240 Primordia tunicarum vasorum Primordia of tunicae of blood Primordia of tunicae of blood
sanguineorum vessels vessels
umbilicale minima vitellino minima haemangiogenesis minimal minimal minimal; Yolk sac
hemangiogenesis minimal
9243 Superantia haematopoiesis Hepatic haematopoiesis Hepatic hematopoiesis
hepaticae predominant predominant
9244 Haematopoiesis in medulla ossium Haematopoiesis in bone marrow Hematopoiesis in bone marrow
9245 Lymphocyti T, B et nulli in medulla T, B and null lymphocytes in bone T, B and null lymphocytes in bone
ossium marrow marrow
9246 Deminutio rapida erythroblastorum Number of circulating macroblasts Number of circulating macroblasts
in sanguine decreasing precipitously decreasing precipitously

9247 Incrementum normoblastorum in Number of circulating normoblasts Number of circulating normoblasts
sanguine increasing increasing
9248 Deminutio erythroblastorum in Erythroblasts in blood decreasing Erythroblasts in blood decreasing
sanguine
9249 Deminutio amplitudinis Mean corpuscular volume Mean corpuscular volume MCV decreasing
corpuscularis mediae decreasing decreasing
9250 Haemoglobina fetalia subiens Fetal haemoglobins replacing Fetal hemoglobins replacing
embryonica embryonic haemoglobins embryonic hemoglobins
9252 Lymphocyti B in sanguine Circulating B lymphocytes Circulating B lymphocytes
9253 Acervationes lymphocytorum in Acervationes lymphocytorum in Lymphocyte aggregates in spleen Lymphocyte aggregates in spleen
splene liene
9254 Lymphocyti T numerosi in thymo Numerous T lymphocytes in Numerous T lymphocytes in
thymus thymus
9255 Cortex et medulla thymi Cortex and medulla of thymus Cortex and medulla of thymus
9256 Corpuscula thymica Thymic corpuscles Thymic corpuscles §Hassall§
9257 Cellulae interdigitantes medullae Interdigitating cells in medulla of Interdigitating cells in medulla of
thymi thymus thymus
9258 Fossula tonsillae Tonsillar pit Tonsillar pit
9260 Corpus callosum Corpus callosum Corpus callosum
9261 Commissura hippocampi Hippocampal commissure Hippocampal commissure
9262 Intumescentia cervicalis Cervical enlargement Cervical enlargement
9263 Intumescentia lumbosacralis Lumbosacral enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement
9264 Conus medullaris Medullary cone Medullary cone
9265 Cauda equina Cauda equina Cauda equina
9266 Filum terminale Filum terminale Filum terminale Terminal filum
9267 Fissura prima cerebelli Primary fissure of cerebellum Primary fissure of cerebellum Preclival fissure
9268 Phasis zonarum quinque stratificati Five-layered phase of cerebellum Five layered phase of cerebellum
cerebelli
9269 Proneuron bacilliferum Neuron immaturum bacilliferum Rod cell proneuron Rod cell proneuron Immature rod cell
9270 Proneuron coniferum Neuron immaturum coniferum Cone cell proneuron Cone cell proneuron Immature cone cell
9271 Formatio foveae centralis retinae Development of retinal fovea starts Development of retinal fovea starts
incipiens
peridermales
9275 Fetus hebdomadis tertiae Thirteenth week fetus Thirteenth week fetus Endnote 483
decimae
9277 Motus rotationis fetus Rotational movements of the fetus Rotational movements of the fetus
9278 Caput erectum Head erect Head erect

9279 Reflexus contractionis corporalis Reduced mass reflex Reduced mass reflex
deminutus
9280 Centra ossificationis primaria Primary ossification centres for Primary ossification centers for
phalangium proximalium proximal phalanges proximal phalanges
9282 Plicae circulares intestini tenuis Circular folds of small intestine Circular folds of small intestine
9283 Exocrinocyti caliciformes Goblet cells of appendix Goblet cells of appendix
appendicis vermiformis
9284 Stratum longitudinale tunicae Longitudinal muscle coat of Longitudinal muscle coat of
muscularis appendicis vermiformis appendix appendix
9285 Gemmae insulae pancreaticae Pancreatic islet buds Pancreatic islet buds
9287 Sulci sinus maxillaris, cellularum Sulci of maxillary sinus, ethmoidal Sulci of maxillary sinus, ethmoidal
ethmoidalium et sinus sphenoidalis cells and sphenoidal sinus cells and sphenoidal sinus
9288 Continuatio temporis Pseudoglandular period of lung Pseudoglandular period of lung
pseudoglandularis pulmonis continues continues
9289 Initium temporis canalicularis Canalicular period of lung begins Canalicular period of lung begins
pulmonis
colligentibus
9295 Cortex et medulla renis Renal cortex and medulla Renal cortex and medulla
9296 Gonadae juxta aperturam Gonads near pelvic brim Gonads near pelvic brim
superiorem pelvis
9297 Oocyti primarii in prophase meiosis Primary oocytes in prophase of Primary oocytes in prophase of
meiosis meiosis
9298 Processus vaginalis peritonei Vaginal process of peritoneum Vaginal process of peritoneum
9299 Lamina vaginae Vaginal plate Vaginal plate
9300 Differentiatio glandulae Differentiatio vesiculae seminalis Seminal gland differentiating Seminal gland differentiating Seminal vesicle differentiating
vesiculosae
9301 Differentiatio gemmarum prostatae Prostatic buds differentiating Prostatic buds differentiating
9303 Differentiatio tunicarum vasorum Layers of blood vessel walls Layers of blood vessel walls
sanguineorum differentiating differentiating
9306 Incrementum haematopoiesis in Haematopoiesis in bone marrow Hematopoiesis in bone marrow
medulla ossium increasing increasing

9307 Deminutio erythroblastorum in Erythroblasts in blood decreasing Erythroblasts in blood decreasing
sanguine
9308 Superantia normoblastorum in Circulating normoblasts Circulating normoblasts
sanguine commentium postea predominant hereafter predominant hereafter
9310 Lymphocyti B et T in sanguine Circulating B and T lymphocytes Circulating B and T lymphocytes
9311 Lymphocyti T plurimi in thymo Very numerous T lymphocytes in Very numerous T lymphocytes in
thymus thymus
9312 Immigratio blastorum cellularum Immigration of blast cells of Immigration of blast cells of
interdigitantium nodi lymphoidei interdigitating cells of lymph node interdigitating cells of lymph node
9313 Cryptae tonsillae Tonsillar crypts Tonsillar crypts
9314 Lobulatio splenis Lobulation of spleen Lobulation of spleen
9315 Arteriola centralis splenis Central arteriole of spleen Central arteriole of spleen
9317 Myelinisatio in medulla spinale Myelination in spinal cord Myelination in spinal cord
incipiens beginning beginning
9318 Expansio intumescentiae cervicalis Expansion of cervical enlargement Expansion of cervical enlargement
9319 Expansio intumescentiae Expansion of lumbosacral Expansion of lumbosacral
lumbosacralis enlargement enlargement
9320 Fissura secunda cerebelli Secondary fissure of cerebellum Secondary fissure of cerebellum Postpyramidal fissure
9321 Phasis zonarum quinque stratificati Five-layered phase of cerebellum Five layered phase of cerebellum
cerebelli
9322 Phasis zonarum sex Six-zone phase of differentiation of Six zone phase of differentiation of Endnote 484
differentiationis corticis cerebri cerebral cortex cerebral cortex
9323 Glioblasti radiales retinae Radial glioblasts of retina Radial glioblasts of retina
9324 Neura amacrina retinae Amacrine cells of retina Amacrine cells of retina
9325 Neura bipolaria retinae Bipolar cells of retina Bipolar cells of retina
9326 Sinus venosus sclerae Scleral venous sinus Scleral venous sinus
9327 Lamina limitans corneae posterior Posterior limiting lamina of cornea Posterior limiting lamina of cornea
9328 M. sphincter pupillae Sphincter pupillae Sphincter pupillae
9329 Vagina bulbi Fascial sheath of eyeball Fascial sheath of eyeball
9330 Meatus acusticus externus Plugged external acoustic meatus Plugged external acoustic meatus
obturatus
9331 Membrana tympanica presumptiva Presumptive tympanic membrane Presumptive tympanic membrane
9332 Epithelium tubotympanicum Tubotympanic epithelium envelops Tubotympanic epithelium envelops
vestiens ossicula et chordam ossicles and chorda tympani ossicles and chorda tympani
tympani
9333 Scala vestibuli Scala vestibuli Scala vestibuli
9335 Epithelium superficiale corporis Multi-layered body surface Multilayered body surface Multilayered body surface
multilaminare epithelium epithelium epithelium
peridermales

9337 TEMPUS FETALE Fetus trimestri secundi INTERMEDIATE FETAL PERIOD INTERMEDIATE FETAL PERIOD Second trimester fetus
INTERMEDIUM
9338 Fetus hebdomadis sextae Sixteenth week fetus Sixteenth week fetus Endnote 485
decimae
9341 Lanugo capitis Lanugo on head Lanugo on head
9342 Reflexus prehensionis Grasp reflex Grasp reflex
9343 Canaliculi et saccus lacrimalis et Mature lacrimal sac and canaliculi Mature lacrimal sac and canaliculi
ductus nasolacrimalis maturi and nasolacrimal duct and nasolacrimal duct
9344 Adventus unguium pedis Appearance of toe nails Appearance of toe nails
9345 Adventus adipis fusci Appearance of brown fat Appearance of brown fat
9346 Centrum ossificationis primarium Primary ossification centre for Primary ossification center for
ischii ischium ischium
9347 Primordia tonsillarum Primordia of tonsils Primordia of tonsils
9349 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae of stomach Muscularis mucosae of stomach
gastris
9350 Lamina muscularis mucosae recti Muscularis mucosae of rectum Muscularis mucosae of rectum
9351 Epitheliocyti penicillati intestini Brush cells of small intestine Brush cells of small intestine Tuft cells of small intestine
tenuis
9352 Enterocyti intestini tenuis cum Enterocytes of small intestine with Enterocytes of small intestine with Enterocytes of small intestine with
limbo microvilloso microvillous border microvillous border brush border
9353 Noduli lymphoidei solitarii intestini Solitary lymphoid nodules of small Solitary lymphoid nodules of small
tenuis intestine intestine
9354 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati Aggregated lymphoid nodules of Aggregated lymphoid nodules of §Peyer§
submucosi intestini tenuis small intestine small intestine
9355 Textus lymphoideus appendicis Lymphoid tissue of appendix Lymphoid tissue of appendix
vermiformis
9356 Portiones terminales glandularum Terminal parts of mucous glands of Terminal parts of mucous glands of
mucosarum vesicae biliaris gallbladder gallbladder
ethmoidalium et sinuum cells and sphenoidal and frontal cells and sphenoidal and frontal
sphenoidalis frontalisque sinuses sinuses
9359 Finis temporis pseudoglandularis Pseudoglandular period of lung Pseudoglandular period of lung
pulmonis ends ends
9360 Continuatio temporis canalicularis Canalicular period of lung Canalicular period of lung
pulmonis continues continues
9361 Pneumocyti typi II Type II pneumocytes Type II pneumocytes

colligentibus
9366 Gonadae juxta aperturam Gonads near pelvic brim Gonads near pelvic brim
superiorem pelvis
9368 Folliculi primordiales in ovario Primordial follicles in ovary Primordial follicles in ovary
9369 Uterus Uterus Uterus
9370 Vagina Vagina Vagina
9371 Glandula vesiculosa Glandula seminalis; Vesicula Seminal gland Seminal gland Seminal vesicle
seminalis
9372 Differentiatio gemmarum prostatae Prostatic buds differentiating Prostatic buds differentiating
9374 Endocrinocytus corticotropicus Corticotropic cell of pars Corticotropic cell of pars
partis intermediae intermedia of adenohypophysis intermedia of adenohypophysis
adenohypophysis
9376 Secretio medullae suprarenalis Secretion of suprarenal medulla Secretion of suprarenal medulla
9379 Incrementum haematopoiesis in Haematopoiesis in bone marrow Hematopoiesis in bone marrow Medullary haematopoiesis
medulla ossium increasing increasing increasing; Medullary
hematopoiesis increasing
9381 Incrementum lymphocytorum B et Circulating B and T lymphocytes Circulating B and T lymphocytes
T in sanguine increasing increasing
thymus thymus
9383 Cortex et medulla nodorum Cortex and medulla of lymph Cortex and medulla of lymph
lymphoideorum nodes nodes
9384 Zonae thymodependentes Thymus-dependent zones of lymph Thymusdependent zones of lymph
nodorum lymphoideorum nodes nodes
9385 Cellulae interdigitantes maturae Mature interdigitating cells of Mature interdigitating cells of
nodi lymphoidei lymph node lymph node
9386 Cellulae dendriticae nodulares nodi Nodular dendritic cells of lymph Nodular dendritic cells of lymph
lymphoidei node node
9387 Nodi lymphoidei primarii poplitei, Primary popliteal, cubital, Primary popliteal, cubital,
cubitales, mesenterici et mesenteric and gastro-omental mesenteric and gastroomental
gastroomentales lymphoid nodes lymphoid nodes
9388 Immigratio lymphocytorum B et T Immigration of B and T Immigration of B and T
in pulpas presumptivas rubras et lymphocytes into presumptive red lymphocytes into presumptive red
albas splenis and white pulps of spleen and white pulps of spleen
9389 Noduli lymphoidei primarii Primary lymphoid nodules of Primary lymphoid nodules of
tonsillarum palatinarum palatine tonsils palatine tonsils

9391 Initium myelinisationis in radicibus Initium myelinisationis in radicibus Myelination in ventral roots begins Myelination in ventral roots begins Myelination in motor roots begins
ventralibus motoriis
9392 Phasis zonarum sex stratificati Phasis secunda zonarum sex Six-layered phase of cerebellum Six layered phase of cerebellum Endnote 486
cerebelli stratificati cerebelli
9393 Phasis zonarum sex Six-zone phase of differentiation of Six zone phase of differentiation of
9394 Neura bacillifera immatura Immature rod cells Immature rod cells
9395 Neura conifera immatura Immature cone cells Immature cone cells
9396 Fovea centralis retinae constituta Fovea centralis retinae established Fovea centralis retinae established
9397 Membrana tectoria ductus Tectorial membrane of cochlear Tectorial membrane of cochlear
cochlearis duct duct
9399 Epithelium superficiale corporis Multi-layered body surface Multilayered body surface
multilaminare epithelium epithelium
peridermales
9401 Cristae dermales cutis manus Dermal ridges of hand Dermal ridges of hand
9402 Glandulae sudoriferae Sweat glands Sweat glands
9403 Glandulae sebaceae Sebaceous glands Sebaceous glands
9404 Fetus hebdomadis vicesimae Twentieth week fetus Twentieth week fetus Endnote 487
9407 Lanugo corporis Lanugo on body Lanugo on body
9408 Initium vernicis caseosae Vernix caseosa beginning Vernix caseosa beginning
9409 Reflexus protrusionis labiorum Lip protrusion reflex Lip protrusion reflex
9410 Reflexus sufflationis labiorum Lip pursing reflex Lip pursing reflex
9411 Parvae contractiones thoracis Weak chest contractions Weak chest contractions
9412 Reflexus abdominalis Abdominal reflex Abdominal reflex
9413 Centrum ossificationis primarium Primary ossification centre for Primary ossification center for
pubis pubis pubis
9414 Myofibrae in omnibus musculis Myofibres in all muscles Myofibers in all muscles
9416 Epithelium squamosum Nonkeratinized stratified squamous Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
stratificatum noncornificatum epithelium in oesophagus epithelium in esophagus
oesophagi
9417 Insulae epithelii ciliati oesophagi Islands of ciliated epithelium in Islands of ciliated epithelium in
oesophagus esophagus
9418 Ramificatio glandularum Branching of gastric glands proper Branching of gastric glands proper
gastricarum propriarum
9419 Glandulae cardiales Cardial glands Cardial glands
9420 Endocrinocyti G in gastre Gastrin-producing cells in stomach Gastrinproducing cells in stomach
9421 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae of small Muscularis mucosae of small
intestini tenuis intestine intestine

9422 Lamina muscularis mucosae Muscularis mucosae of appendix Muscularis mucosae of appendix
9423 Cellulae panethenses transientes Transient paneth cells of appendix Transient paneth cells of appendix
9424 Epitheliocytus microplicatus Microfold cell Microfold cell M cell; Dome epithelial cell
9425 Lamina muscularis mucosae coli Muscularis mucosae of colon Muscularis mucosae of colon
9426 Defectio villorum recti Villi disappearing from rectum Villi disappearing from rectum
9430 Pneumocyti typi II Type II pneumocytes Type II pneumocytes
colligentibus
9435 Ovarium juxta aperturam Ovary near pelvic brim Ovary near pelvic brim
superiorem pelvis
9436 Oocyti primarii septuagies centena Seven million primary oocytes Seven million primary oocytes
millia
9437 Testis juxta anulum inguinalem Testis at deep inguinal ring Testis at deep inguinal ring
profundum
9440 Deminutio haematopoiesis in Hepatic haematopoiesis Hepatic hematopoiesis decreasing
hepate decreasing
9443 Lymphocyti numerosi in sanguine Numerous circulating lymphocytes Numerous circulating lymphocytes Endnote 488
thymus thymus
9445 Regiones lymphocytorum B et T B and T lymphocyte regions of B and T lymphocyte regions of
nodi lymphoidei lymph node lymph node
9446 Accumulatio lymphocytorum circa Accumulation of lymphocytes Accumulation of lymphocytes
arteriam centralem splenis around central artery of spleen around central artery of spleen
9448 Insula pancreatica initialis Early pancreatic islet Early pancreatic islet
9450 Fissura horizontalis cerebelli Horizontal fissure of cerebellum Horizontal fissure of cerebellum Great horizontal fissure

9451 Phasis zonarum sex stratificati Six-layered phase of cerebellum Six layered phase of cerebellum
cerebelli
9453 Primordia segmentorum Primordia of outer segments of Primordia of outer segments of
externorum neuronorum rods and cones rods and cones
bacilliferum et coniferum
9454 Neura horizontalia retinae Horizontal cells of retina Horizontal cells of retina
9455 Stratum plexiforme externum Outer plexiform layer of retina Outer plexiform layer of retina
retinae
9456 Initium myelinisationis in radicibus Initium myelinisationis in radicibus Myelination in dorsal roots begins Myelination in dorsal roots begins Myelination in posterior roots
dorsalibus posterioribus begins
peridermales
9460 Epidermis cornificans Epidermis cornifying Epidermis cornifying
9461 Toruli tactiles manus Tactile elevations of hand Tactile elevations of hand Epidermal ridges of hand
9462 Cristae cutis pedis Dermal ridges of foot Dermal ridges of foot
9463 Primordia gemmarum glandulae Primordia of mammary gland Primordia of mammary gland
mammariae sprouts sprouts
9464 Fetus hebdomadis vicesimae Twenty-fourth week fetus Twenty-fourth week fetus Endnote 489
quartae
9468 Deminutio lanuginis Lanugo decreasing Lanugo decreasing
9469 Centra ossificationis primaria tali et Primary ossification centres for Primary ossification centers for
phalangium mediarum talus and middle phalanges talus and middle phalanges
9475 Initium temporis saccularis Saccular period of lung beginning Saccular period of lung beginning
pulmonis
9476 Initium secretionis surfactantis Secretion of pumonary surfactant Secretion of pumonary surfactant
pulmonis beginning beginning

colligentibus
superiorem pelvis
9481 Ingressio testis in anulum Entry of testis into deep inguinal Entry of testis into deep inguinal
inguinalem profundum ring ring
hepate decreasing
9487 Lymphocyti in sanguine Circulating lymphocyte number Circulating lymphocyte number
commeantes plateaus plateaus
thymus thymus
9489 Lymphocyti in splene Lymphocyti in liene Lymphocytes in spleen Lymphocytes in spleen
9490 Regiones lymphocytorum B et T B and T lymphocyte regions of B and T lymphocyte regions of
splenis spleen spleen
9491 Noduli lymphoidei splenis primarii Primary lymphoid nodules of Primary lymphoid nodules of
spleen spleen
9493 Insulae pancreaticae definitivae Definitive pancreatic islets Definitive pancreatic islets §Langerhans§
9495 Conus medullaris ad vertebram Conus medullaris at S1 Conus medullaris at S1 Medullary cone at S1
sacralem primam [SI]
cerebelli
9498 Initium myelinisationis in nervis Myelination in cranial nerves III-XII Myelination in cranial nerves III-XII
cranialibus III ad XII beginning beginning
9501 Lapsio projectionum globularium Shedding of globular peridermal Shedding of globular peridermal
peridermalium projections projections
9502 Toruli tactiles pedis Tactile elevations of foot Tactile elevations of foot Epidermal ridges of foot
9503 Extensio et divisio gemmarum Mammary gland sprouts elongating Mammary gland sprouts elongating
glandulae mammariae and branching and branching

9504 TEMPUS FETALE SERUM Fetus trimestri tertii LATE FETAL PERIOD LATE FETAL PERIOD Third trimester fetus
9505 Fetus hebdomadis Twenty-eighth week fetus Twenty-eighth week fetus Endnote 490
duodetrigesimae
9510 Disjunctio palpebrorum Eyelids open Eyelids open
9513 Tempus sacci terminalis Tempus sacculare Terminal sac stage Terminal sac stage Saccular stage
9514 Secretio surfactantis pulmonis Secretion of pulmonary surfactant Secretion of pulmonary surfactant
colligentibus
superiorem pelvis
9519 Testis in canale inguinale Testis in inguinal canal Testis in inguinal canal
hepate decreasing
9522 Erythroblasti hepatici acervatim Hepatic erythroblasts in clusters Hepatic erythroblasts in clusters
9523 Expansio haematopoiesis in Haematopoiesis in bone marrow Hematopoiesis in bone marrow
medulla ossium extensive extensive
thymus thymus
9526 Incrementum lymphocytorum in Incrementum lymphocytorum in Lymphocytes in spleen increasing Lymphocytes in spleen increasing
splene liene
cerebelli
9530 Myelinisatio in nervis cranialibus III Myelination in cranial nerves III-XII Myelination in cranial nerves III-XII
ad XII
9531 Myelinisatio in tractibus Myelination in pyramidal tracts in Myelination in pyramidal tracts in
pyramidalibus in pedunculis cerebral peduncles cerebral peduncles
cerebralibus

9532 Formatio segmentorum Formation of outer segments of Formation of outer segments of
externorum neurorum rods and cones rods and cones
bacilliferorum et coniferorum
9535 Desquamatio proiectionum Shedding of globular peridermal Shedding of globular peridermal
globulorum peridermalium projections projections
9536 Papilla mammaria inversa et Nipple inverted and sprouts Nipple inverted and sprouts
canalisatio gemmarum canalizing canalizing
9537 Fetus hebdomadis trigesimae Thirty-second week fetus Thirty second week fetus Endnote 491
secundae
9542 Reflexus pupillaris luci Pupillary light reflex Pupillary light reflex
9544 Canaliculi intracellulares Intracellular canaliculi of parietal Intracellular canaliculi of parietal
exocrinocytorum parietales cells of gastric glands cells of gastric glands
glandularum gastricum
9547 Continuatio temporis saccularis Saccular period of lung continues Saccular period of lung continues
pulmonis
9548 Initium temporis alveolaris Alveolar period of lung begins Alveolar period of lung begins
pulmonis
9549 Secretio surfactantis pulmonis Secretion of pulmonary surfactant Secretion of pulmonary surfactant
colligentibus
superiorem pelvis
9554 Testis juxta anulum inguinalem Testis at superficial inguinal ring Testis at superficial inguinal ring
superficialem
9556 Haematopoiesis in hepate minima Hepatic haematopoiesis minimal Hepatic hematopoiesis minimal
9557 Erythroblasti hepatici in Hepatic erythroblasts in small Hepatic erythroblasts in small
acervationibus residuis clusters clusters

9558 Superantia haematopoiesis in Haematopoiesis in bone marrow Hematopoiesis in bone marrow Medullary haematopoiesis
medulla ossium predominant predominant predominant; Medullary
hematopoiesis predominant
9560 Lymphocyti numerosi in splene Lymphocyti numerosi in liene Numerous lymphocytes in spleen Numerous lymphocytes in spleen
9562 Strata definitiva corticis cerebri Definitive layers of cerebral cortex Definitive layers of cerebral cortex
9563 Phasis sexies zonarum stratificati Six-layered phase of cerebellum Six layered phase of cerebellum
cerebelli
9564 Differentiatio retinae noncompleta Differentiation of retina incomplete Differentiation of retina incomplete Endnote 492
9567 Desquamatio cellularum Shedding of peridermal squamous Shedding of peridermal squamous
squamosarum peridermalium cells cells
9568 Desquamatio cellularum Shedding of cornified squamous Shedding of cornified squamous
squamosarum cornificatarum cells cells
9569
9570 Fetus hebdomadis trigesimae Thirty-sixth week fetus Thirty sixth week fetus Endnote 493
sextae
9573 Vernix caseosa copiosa Vernix caseosa abundant Vernix caseosa abundant
9575 Reflexus prehensionis fortis Strong grasp reflex Strong grasp reflex
9576 Ungues in apicibus phalangium Nails at fingertips Nails at fingertips
distalium
9577 Circumferentiae abdominis et Abdominal circumference equals Abdominal circumference equals
capitis aequales head circumference head circumference
9578 Longitudo aequalis pedis atque Foot length equals length of Foot length equals length of
femoris ossificati ossified femur ossified femur
9580 Defectio villorum coli Villi disappearing from colon Villi disappearing from colon
9582 Diverticulum sinus maxillaris Diverticulum of maxillary sinus Diverticulum of maxillary sinus
9583 Sulci cellularum ethmoidalium et Sulci of ethmoidal cells and of Sulci of ethmoidal cells and of
sinuum sphenoidalium sphenoidal and frontal sinuses sphenoidal and frontal sinuses
frontaliumque
9584 Continuatio temporis saccularis Saccular period of lung continues Saccular period of lung continues
pulmonis
9585 Continuatio temporis alveolaris Alveolar period of lung continues Alveolar period of lung continues
pulmonis
9586 Secretio maxima surfactantis Maximum secretion of pulmonary Maximum secretion of pulmonary
pulmonis surfactant surfactant

9588 Finis ramificationis ampullarum Branching of ureteric ampullae Branching of ureteric ampullae
uretericarum ends ends
superiorem pelvis
9590 Ingressio testis in scrotum Entry of testis into scrotum Entry of testis into scrotum
9591 Haematolymphoidea Haematolymphoid Hematolymphoid Endnote 494
9592 Deminutio relativa granulocytorum Proportion of circulating immature Proportion of circulating immature
immaturorum in sanguine granulocytes decreasing granulocytes decreasing
9593 Incrementum granulocytorum Circulating mature granulocytes Circulating mature granulocytes
maturorum in sanguine increasing increasing
9594 Lymphocyti numerosi in splene Lymphocyti numerosi in liene Numerous lymphocytes in spleen Numerous lymphocytes in spleen
9597 Phasis secunda sexies zonarum Second six-layered phase of Second six layered phase of
stratificati cerebelli cerebellum cerebellum
9598 Conus medullaris in plano Conus medullaris at level of L4 Conus medullaris at level of L4
vertebrae lumbalis quartae
pyramidalibus in ponte pons pons
9600 Differentiatio retinae non completa Differentiation of retina incomplete Differentiation of retina incomplete

9603 Desquamatio cellularum Shedding of peridermal squamous Shedding of peridermal squamous
squamosarum peridermalium cells cells
9605 Initium papillae mammariae Nipple inverted and glandular Nipple inverted and glandular
inversae et alveolorum alveoli beginning alveoli beginning
glandularium Papilla mammaria
inversa et initium alveolorum
glandularium
9606 Insignia neonati maturi Features of mature neonate Features of mature neonate Endnote 495
9609 Lanugo parca Scanty lanugo Scanty lanugo Scanty primary hair
9610 Initium formationis pilorum Formation of secondary hair Formation of secondary hair
definitivorum beginning beginning
9611 Reflexus cervicalis tonicus Tonic neck reflex Tonic neck reflex
9612 Reflexus prehensionis Grasp reflex Grasp reflex
9613 Reflexus indagationis Search reflex Search reflex Rooting reflex
9614 Reflexus labii Lip reflex Lip reflex
9615 Reflexus glutitionis Swallowing reflex Swallowing reflex
9616 Reflexus suctionis Sucking reflex Sucking reflex

9617 Absentia reflexuum superficialium Absence of superficial reflexes Absence of superficial reflexes
9618 Reflexus tremefactionis Startle reflex Startle reflex
9619 Responsum plantare extensorium Extensor plantar response Extensor plantar response
phalangium proximalium proximal phalanges proximal phalanges
9621 Circumferentiae abdominis et Abdominal circumference equals Abdominal circumference equals
capitis aequales head circumference head circumference
9622 Fonticulus anterior Anterior fontanelle Anterior fontanelle
9623 Fonticulus mastoideus Fonticulus posterolateralis Mastoid fontanelle Mastoid fontanelle
9624 Fonticulus posterior Posterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle
9625 Fonticulus sphenoidalis Fonticulus anterolateralis Sphenoidal fontanelle Sphenoidal fontanelle
9626 Formatura capitis Moulding of head Moulding of head
9627 Centra epiphysialia juxta genu et in Epiphysial centres at knee and in Epiphysial centers at knee and in
humero proximale proximal humerus proximal humerus
calcanei, tali et fortasse cuboidei calcaneus, talus and possibly calcaneus, talus and possibly
cuboid cuboid
9629 Absentia processus mastoidei et Absence of mastoid process and Absence of mastoid process and
meatus acustici externi ossei bony external acoustic meatus bony external acoustic meatus
9631 Corpus adiposum buccae Buccal fat pad Buccal fat pad §Bichat§
9632 Apex linguae non completus Apex of tongue undeveloped Apex of tongue undeveloped Tip of tongue undeveloped
9633 Hepar relative magnum Liver relatively large Liver relatively large
9635 Diverticulum sinus maxillaris Diverticulum of maxillary sinus Diverticulum of maxillary sinus
9636 Diverticula cellularum Diverticula of ethmoidal cells Diverticula of ethmoidal cells
ethmoidalium
9637 Sulci sinuum sphenoidalium et Sulci of sphenoidal and frontal Sulci of sphenoidal and frontal
frontalium sinuses sinuses
9638 Margo inferior laryngis ad Lower border of larynx at C4 Lower border of larynx at C4
vertebram cervicalem quartam
9639 Ramificatio pulmonalis imperfecta Pulmonary branching incomplete Pulmonary branching incomplete
9640 Tempus alveolare pulmonis Alveolar period of lung incomplete Alveolar period of lung incomplete
imperfectum
9641 Mutationis arteriae pulmonis Stage one of pulmonary arterial Stage one of pulmonary arterial
gradus unus modification modification
9643 Vesica urinaria partim in cavitate Bladder partly in abdomen Bladder partly in abdomen
abdominale
9644 Testis in scroto Testis in scrotum Testis in scrotum
9645 Ovaria in apertura pelvis superiore Ovaries at pelvic brim Ovaries at pelvic brim
9646 Oocyti primarii decies centena One million primary oocytes One million primary oocytes
milia
9647 Preputium usualiter adhaerens Prepuce usually adherent to penis Prepuce usually adherent to penis
peni

9649 Glandula suprarenalis relative Suprarenal gland relatively large Suprarenal gland relatively large
magna
9651 Cor relative magnum Heart relatively large Heart relatively large
9652 Obturatio functionalis foraminis Functional closure of foramen Functional closure of foramen
ovalis cordis ovale of heart ovale of heart
9653 Obturatio functionalis ductus Functional closure of ductus Functional closure of ductus
arteriosi arteriosus arteriosus
9654 Contractio arteriarum umbilicalium Contraction of umbilical arteries Contraction of umbilical arteries
9655 Obturatio ductus venosi incipiens Closure of ductus venosus begins Closure of ductus venosus begins
9657 Numerosi granulocyti maturi in Numerous circulating mature Numerous circulating mature
sanguine granulocytes granulocytes
9659 Conus medullaris in plano Conus medullaris at level of L3 Conus medullaris at level of L3
vertebrae lumbalis tertiae
9661 Phasis sexies definitiva Six-layered definitive phase of Six layered definitive phase of
stratificationis cerebelli cerebellum cerebellum
pyramidalibus in capsulis internis internal capsules internal capsules
9663 Differentiatio retinae non completa Differentiation of retina incomplete Differentiation of retina incomplete
9664 Accommodatio lentis absens Accommodation of lens absent Accommodation of lens absent
9665 Liquor amnioticus in aure media Amniotic fluid in middle ear Amniotic fluid in middle ear
9666 Cellulae mastoideae absens Mastoid cells absent Mastoid cells absent
9668 Epithelium stratificatum Epidermis Multi-layered surface epithelium Multilayered surface epithelium Epidermis
superficiale
9670 Papilla mammaria eversa Nipple everted Nipple everted
9671 Mammae protrudentes Gynaecomastia neonatorum Breasts protruding Breasts protruding Neonatal gynaecomastia; Neonatal
gynecomastia
9672 Mammae secretantes lactem Breasts secreting witch’s milk Breasts secreting witch’s milk
neonatorum

Caput VIII: NOMINA DYSMORPHICA Chapter 8: DYSMORPHIA TERMS

9673 NOMINA DYSMORPHICA DYSMORPHIA TERMS DYSMORPHIA TERMS Endnote 496
9675 Collectiones anomaliarum Collections of anomalies Collections of anomalies
9676 Conjunctio anomaliarum Association of anomalies Association of anomalies
9677 Sequentia anomaliarum Sequence of anomalies Sequence of anomalies
9678 Syndroma sequentiae anomaliae Association sequence syndrome Association sequence syndrome
9679 Syndroma embryologicum Developmental syndrome Developmental syndrome
9680 Mosaicismus Mosaicism Mosaicism
9681 Embryogenesis dysmorphiarum Embryogenesis of dysmorphias Embryogenesis of dysmorphias

9682 Aberratio Aberration Aberration
9683 Ectopia Ectopia Ectopia
9684 Heterotopia Heterotopia Heterotopia
9685 Concrescentia Congrescence Congrescence
9686 Deformatio Deformation Deformation
9687 Disruptio Disruption Disruption
9688 Dysplasia Dysplasia Dysplasia
9689 Hamartoma Hamartoma Hamartoma
9690 Hyperplasia Hyperplasia Hyperplasia
9691 Hypertrophia Hypertrophy Hypertrophy
9692 Malformatio Malformation Malformation
9693 Multiplicatio Multiplication Multiplication
9694 Status accessorius Organa accessoria Accessory organs Accessory organs
9695 Status supernumeraries Organa supernumeraria Supernumerary organs Supernumerary organs
9696 Suspensio embryologicum Developmental arrest Developmental arrest
9697 Agenesis Agenesis Agenesis
9698 Anomalia separationis Separation defect Separation defect
9699 Aplasia Aplasia Aplasia
9700 Atresia Atresia Atresia

ENDNOTES
438 Gradus cellulae unicae; Embryo unicellularis [Gradus I] The feature of Carnegie Stage 1 is unicellularity. In penetrated oocytes of Stage 1a, pronuclei have not yet formed. In ootids of Stage 1b, the haploid
pronuclei remain separate. In zygotes of Stage 1c, syngamy has resulted in a single diploid aggregation of chromosomes, without the formation of a nuclear membrane. Embryos of Stage 1 are generally 0.1-
0.15mm in diameter and about 1 postovulatory day old.
439 Insignia miscellanea cellularum trophoblasticarum nondifferentiatarum These miscellaneous features have only been observed in vitro. Similar observations on the differentiated trophoblast are not readily
available.
440 Cellulae germinales precursoriae An embryo of Stage 6b showed a marked concentration of glycogen in the extra-embryonic endoderm of the secondary yolk sac and some of the cells may be primordial
germ cells (Hertig AT, Adams EC, McKay DG, Rock J, Mulligan WJ, Menkin MF. A thirteen-day human ovum studied histochemically. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958;76:1025-1043). Experimental studies suggest that
cells originating in a caudal part of the epiblast ingress through a caudal part of the primitive streak and migrate into the extra-embryonic endoderm of the secondary yolk sac.
441 Embryo cum somitis I ad III [Gradus IX] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 9 have 1-3 pairs of somites. They are generally 1.5-2.5mm in length and about 25 days old.
442 Embryo cum somitis IV ad XII [Gradus X] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 10 have 4-12 pairs of somites. They are generally 2-3.5mm in length and about 28 days old.
443 Embryo cum somitis XIII ad XX [Gradus XI] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 11 have 13-20 pairs of somites. They are generally 2.5-4.5mm in length and about 29 days old.
444 Embryo cum somitis XXI ad XXIX [Gradus XII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 12 have 21-29 pairs of somites. They are generally 3-5mm in length and about 30 days old.
445 Embryo cum somitis XXX+ [Gradus XIII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 13 have 30+ pairs of somites. They are generally 4-6mm in length and about 32 days old.
446 Somiti sacrales [XXX ad XXXIV] The sacral and coccygeal somites are derived from secondary paraxial mesoderm, which comes from the axial dense mesenchyme of the caudal eminence or tail bud.
447 Somiti coccygeae [XXXV ad XXXVIII/XXXIX] The sacral and coccygeal somites are derived from secondary paraxial mesoderm, which comes from the axial dense mesenchyme of the caudal eminence or tail
bud.
448 Embryo gradus XIV [Gradus XIV] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 14, which exhibit these features, are generally 5-7mm in length and about 33 days old.
449 Embryo gradus XV [Gradus XV] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 15, which exhibit these features, are generally 7-9mm in length and about 36 days old.
450 Embryo gradus XVI [Gradus XVI] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 16, which exhibit these features, are generally 8-11mm in length and about 38 days old.
451 Generalia From Stage 16 onwards the list of General features begins with movements: either spontaneous movements (motus) observed using real-time ultrasound or responses (reflexus) elicited from
aborted embryos / fetuses. The Stages at which these items first appear are derived from the menstrual ages of the original data. Movements appear in an orderly sequence and the last appearing movements are
repeated in the Stages until the next movement in the sequence appears.
452 Motus levissime perceptibiles “A slow and small shifting of the [embryonic] contours is seen lasting from half a second to two seconds, which usually occurs as a single event” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA,
Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322). The state of the Stage 16 embryo and animal evidence (Harris JE. Early embryonic movements.
J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1962;69:818-821) suggest that these early movements may be myogenic and that conduction of contractions is along the myotomes themselves. This type of movement disappears after
a period of less than 2 weeks, whereas subsequent types persist, some until full term.

453 Embryo gradus XVII [Gradus XVII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 17, which exhibit these features, are generally 11-14mm in length and about 41 days old.
454 Motus tremefactionis “A startle is a quick generalized movement, always initiated in the limbs and sometimes spreading to neck and trunk…. lasts about one second.” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR,
The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
455 Regressio partis nonvertebratae eminentiae caudalis; Regressio partis nonvertebratae gemmae caudalis Only the proximal part of the caudal eminence or tail bud contains paraxial mesoderm or somitic
material. The distal part thus has no vertebral elements and some say that to call it a tail is inappropriate.
456 Urogenitalia The mesonephros produces urine in Stage 17.
457 Nn. craniales [0 ad XII] All cranial nerves, including the nervus terminalis [0], are represented in Stage 17 as fibres from the olfactory epithelium reach the presumptive olfactory bulb. The most proximal parts
of the other cranial nerves have developed earlier and their more peripheral parts will develop subsequently.
458 Embryo gradus XVIII [Gradus XVIII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 18, which exhibit these features, are generally 13-17mm in length and about 44 days old.
459 Motus contractionis corporalis generalis In General movements “the whole body is moved but no distinctive patterning or sequencing of the body parts can be recognized. Initially slow and of limited amplitude,
after 2 or 3 weeks they become forceful (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
460 Motus singultus A hiccup consists of a jerky contraction of the diaphragm (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development
1982;7:301-322).
461 Embryo gradus XIX [Gradus XIX] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 19, which exhibit these features, are generally 16-18mm in length and about 46 days old. Correct assignment to particular Stages in the range
19-22 gets progressively more difficult. Comparisons with Streeter’s photographs and Greatest Length are important. Also important are “point scores” based upon the state of development of the cornea, optic
nerve, cochlear duct, adenohypophysis, vomeronasal organ, submandibular gland, metanephros and humerus. Embryos of Carnegie Stage 19 score totals of 10-16.5 developmental points. These embryos have
completed the “premier sous-stade de 45j allant jusqu’à la 1ère ébauche typiquement humaine” (Guyot R. Théorie nouvelle sur les âges de la vie. 2nd ed. Paris: Barré & Dayez; 1985).
462 Embryo gradus XX [Gradus XX] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 20, which exhibit these features, are generally 18-22mm in length and about 49 days old. Embryos of Carnegie Stage 20 have scored totals of 19-
29.5 developmental points.
463 Embryo gradus XXI [Gradus XXI] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 21, which exhibit these features, are generally 22-24mm in length and about 51 days old. Embryos of Carnegie Stage 21 have scored totals of
30-39 developmental points.
464 Motus singularis membri Isolated arm or leg movements “may be rapid or slow and may involve extension, flexion, [lateral] and [medial] rotation or abduction or adduction of an extremity, without movements
in other body parts. The amplitude can vary from small to very large.” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-
322).
465 Motus singularis extensionis capitis Isolated retroflexion of the head is “usually carried out slowly but can also be fast and jerky. The displacement of the head can be small or large“ (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA,
Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
466 Motus singularis rotationis capitis Isolated rotation of the head "is carried out at a slow velocity and only exceptionally at a higher speed. The head may turn from a midline position to one side and back“ (de
Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).

467 Embryo gradus XXII [Gradus XXII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 22, which exhibit these features, are generally 23-28mm in length and about 53 days old. Embryos of Carnegie Stage 22 have scored totals of
40.5-46 developmental points.
468 Motus manus adtingentis faciem Hand-face-contact is achieved when “the hand slowly touches the face, the fingers frequently extend and flex” but rarely enter the mouth (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl
HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
469 Embryo gradus XXIII [Gradus XXIII] Embryos of Carnegie Stage 23, which exhibit these features, are generally 27-31mm in length and about 56 days old. Embryos of Carnegie Stage 23 have scored totals of
48-60.5 developmental points.
470 Motus respirationis Breathing movements ”consist of movement of the diaphragm (caudal direction), leading to movements of the thorax (inwards) and abdomen (outwards) “ (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA,
Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
471 Motus adpertionis oris Jaw movements ”may be either slow or quick. The extent of jaw opening is variable“ (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects.
Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
472 Motus porrectionis lentae corporis Stretching ”is a complex motor pattern, which is always carried out at a slow speed and consists of the following components: forceful extension of the back, retroflexion of
the head, and [lateral] rotation and elevation of the arms“ (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
473 Motus singularis flexionis capitis Isolated anteflexion of the head ”is only carried out at a slow velocity. The displacement of the head is small” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal
behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
474 Fetus hebdomadis nonae The ninth week fetus is between 8 and 9 weeks old, is about 35mm long [GL], weighs about 10 g and exhibits the features listed.
475 Fetus hebdomadis decimae The tenth week fetus is between 9 and 10 weeks old, is about 45mm long [GL], weighs about 20 g and exhibits the features listed.
476 Motus oscitationis The yawn ”is similar to the yawn observed after birth: prolonged opening of the jaws followed by quick closure often with retroflexion of the head and sometimes elevation of the arms” (de
Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
477 Endocrinocyti β, α, δ et PP solitarii partis endocrini pancreatis The first endocrine cells of the pancreas develop before the pancreatic islets, form Pro-insulin and the C-peptide required for its cleavage. Thus
the release of insulin can be demonstrated at this stage.
478 Fetus hebdomadis undecimae The eleventh week fetus is between 10 and 11 weeks old, is about 60mm long [GL], weighs about 30 g and exhibits the features listed.
479 Motus suctionis et glutitionis In Sucking and swallowing movements,”rhythmical bursts of jaw opening and closing at a rate of about one per second may be followed by swallowing, indicating that the fetus is
drinking amniotic fluid. Swallowing consists of displacements of the tongue and/or larynx” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human
Development 1982;7:301-322).
480 Urogenitalia In the eleventh week fetus substantial amounts of urine are passed into the amniotic cavity.
481 Fetus hebdomadis duodecimae The twelfth week fetus is between 11 and 12 weeks old, is about 75mm long [GL], weighs about 50 g and exhibits the features listed.

482 Motus rotationis fetus Rotational movements of the fetus “occur around [its] sagittal or transverse axis. A complete change in position around the transverse axis, usually with a backward somersault, is
achieved by a complex general movement, including alternating leg movements which resemble neonatal stepping. Rotation around the longitudinal axis can either be the result of leg movements with hip rotation,
or result from rotation of the head, followed by trunk rotation” (de Vries JIP, Visser GHA, Prechtl HFR, The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Quantitative aspects. Early Human Development 1982;7:301-322).
483 Fetus hebdomadis tertiae decimae The thirteenth week fetus is between 12 and 13 weeks old, is about 90mm long [GL], weighs about 75 g and exhibits the features listed.
484 Phasis zonarum sex differentiationis corticis cerebri The cytoarchitecture of the neopallium does not have the adult pattern until 32 weeks.
485 Fetus hebdomadis sextae decimae The sixteenth week fetus is between 15 and 16 weeks old, is about 135mm long [GL], weighs about 200 g and exhibits the features listed.
486 Phasis secunda zonarum sex stratificati cerebelli The second variety of six-layered phases of histogenesis of the cerebellum (q.v.) persists until near the end of the second postnatal year, when the external
germinal layer disappears.
487 Fetus hebdomadis vicesimae The twentieth week fetus is between 19 and 20 weeks old, is about 185mm long [GL], weighs about 450g and exhibits the features listed.
488 Lymphocyti numerosi in sanguine The number of lymphocytes in unit volume of blood increases to reach a plateau value by mid-gestation. By contrast, the number of neutrophils remains low until late
gestation, when a dramatic increase in the number and proportion of mature neutrophils coincides with the selective trans-placental transfer of maternal antibodies. In due course the passive immunity conferred by
maternal antibodies is replaced by active immunity conferred by antibodies synthesized by the infant. A relatively vulnerable period may intervene between the loss of passive immunity and the acquisition of active
immunity.This may be mitigated by the transfer of maternal antibodies via breast milk.
489 Fetus hebdomadis vicesimae quartae The twenty-fourth week fetus is between 23 and 24 weeks old, is about 220mm long [GL], weighs about 900g and exhibits the features listed.
490 Fetus hebdomadis duodetrigesimae The twenty-eighth week fetus is between 27 and 28 weeks old, is lean, red and wrinkled, its movements are infrequent and sluggish and its cries feeble. It is about 270mm
long [GL], weighs about 1500g and exhibits the features listed.
491 Fetus hebdomadis trigesimae secundae The thirty-second week fetus is between 31 and 32 weeks old, is paler and smoother, is about 300mm long [GL], weighs about 2100g and exhibits the features listed.
492 Differentiatio retinae noncompleta The retina is not fully differentiated until some 5 to 13 months after birth.
493 Fetus hebdomadis trigesimae sextae The thirty-sixth week fetus is between 35 and 36 weeks old, is about 325mm long [GL], weighs about 3000g and exhibits the features listed.
494 Haematolymphoidea In the thirty sixth week fetus maternal antibodies transfer across the placenta.
495 Insigna neonati maturi The movements of the mature neonate are active and sustained and its cries are lusty. It is about 335mm long [GL] or 50cm long [CH], weighs about 3350g and exhibits the features
listed. Such an infant has an age of about 38 weeks post fertilization or 40 menstrual weeks.
496 Nomina dysmorphica [See Preface and Chapter 2] Previous embryological terminologies have included a substantial list of dysmorphias. Here, however, dysmorphias have been been distributed between the
sections and systems and a representative selection has been listed at the end of each. See, for example: [1] The special issue on Elements of morphology: standard terminology Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:1-
127). The treatment is based on description of the anomaly or growth variation. For details see the individual papers: Carey JC. Editorial comment: Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:1; Allanson JE, Biesecker LG,
Carey JC, Hennekam RCM. Elements of morphology: introduction. Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:2–5; Allanson JE, Cunniff C, Hoyme HE, McGaughran J, Muenke M, Neri G. Elements of morphology:
standard terminology for the head and face.Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:6–28; Hall BD, Graham JM Jr., Cassidy SB, OpitzJM. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the periorbital region.Am J
Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:29–39; Hunter A, Frias J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, HughesH, Jones K, Wilson L. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the ear. Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:40–60;

Hennekam RCM, Cormier-Daire V, Hall J,Méhes K, Patton M, Stevenson R. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the nose and philtrum.Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:61–76; Carey JC, Cohen
MM Jr., Curry CJR, Devriendt K, Holmes LB, Verloes A. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region.Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:77–92; Biesecker LG, Aase JM,
Clericuzio C, Gurrieri F, Temple IK, Toriello H. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the hands and feet. Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:93–127.
[2] The Bedside Dysmorphologist. W Reardon Oxford University Press, 2008, 2015, which presents individual anomalies as components of Syndromes.
[3] See also the Winter-Baraitser Dysmorphology Database [WBDD] http://www.lmdatabases.com/. WBDD currently contains information on over 4450 dysmorphic, multiple congenital anomaly and mental
retardation syndromes. It includes single gene disorders and sporadic conditions, as well as those caused by environmental agents. While it mainly contains information about non-chromosomal multiple congenital
anomaly syndromes, it also includes information about distinctive microdeletion syndromes and those resulting from uniparental disomy. WBDD contains over 44000 fully searchable references, linked to the
appropriate syndromes.

Terminologia Embryologica - 2 (FIPAT к НИР2023)

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Terminologia Embryologica - 2 (FIPAT к НИР2023)

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Embryology Working Group

Most important term Heading 1

Abbreviations in Latin terms are used as follows:

Singular Latin English Plural Latin English

Caput I: Nomina generalia Chapter 1: General terms

Bibliographic Reference Citation:

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Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other

34 Cycli genitales Reproductive cycles Reproductive cycles

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 7

55 CYCLUS MENSTRUALIS ENDOMETRIAL MENSTRUAL ENDOMETRIAL MENSTRUAL

69 CYCLUS CERVICALIS CERVICAL CYCLE CERVICAL CYCLE

74 CYCLUS VAGINALIS VAGINAL CYCLE VAGINAL CYCLE Endnote 4

78 CYCLUS GLANDULAE MAMMARY GLAND CYCLE MAMMARY GLAND CYCLE

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 8

85 Cyclus genitalis masculinus Male reproductive cycle Male reproductive cycle

92 Pregnatio Graviditas Pregnancy Pregnancy Gestation

114 PREGNATIO UTERINA UTERINE PREGNANCY UTERINE PREGNANCY

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 9

127 NUMERUS CONCEPTUUM NUMBER OF CONCEPTUSES NUMBER OF CONCEPTUSES

142 TERMINATIO TERMINATION TERMINATION

148 PARTUS BIRTH BIRTH

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 10

181 Anomaliae reproductionis Reproductive anomalies Reproductive anomalies

195 ANOMALIAE IMPLANTATIONIS IMPLANTATION ANOMALIES IMPLANTATION ANOMALIES

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 11

209 ANOMALIAE EMBRYONIS EMBRYONIC ANOMALIES EMBRYONIC ANOMALIES

213 ANOMALIAE FETALES FETAL ANOMALIES FETAL ANOMALIES

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 12

252 Gametogenesis Gametogenesis Gametogenesis

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 13

296 SEQUENTIA GAMETOGENESIS GAMETOGENETIC SEQUENCE GAMETOGENETIC SEQUENCE

317 OOGENESIS OOGENESIS OOGENESIS

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 14

344 SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMATOGENESIS SPERMATOGENESIS Spermatogeny

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 15

359 ANOMALIAE ANOMALIES OF ANOMALIES OF

361 Fertilisatio Fertilization Fertilization

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 16

392 REGULATIO REGULATION REGULATION Endnote 23

393 FORMATIO TYPORUM PATTERN FORMATION PATTERN FORMATION

400 COMPACTIO COMPACTION COMPACTION

406 INDUCTIO ET INTERACTIO INDUCTION AND INTERACTION INDUCTION AND INTERACTION

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 17

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 18

465 MORPHOGENESIS MORPHOGENESIS MORPHOGENESIS Endnote 27

472 Phenomena morphogenetica Morphogenetic phenomena Morphogenetic phenomena

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 19

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 20

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 21

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 22

630 TEMPUS FETALE FETAL PERIOD FETAL PERIOD Endnote 53

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 23

637 Ontogenesis postnatalis Postnatal ontogeny Postnatal ontogeny

660 Ordo ontogeneticus Ontogenetic sequence Ontogenetic sequence

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 24

681 Activatio oocyti Activation of oocyte Activation of oocyte

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 25

714 Fertilisatio simplex Single fertilization Single fertilization

716 Fertilisatio duplex Double fertilization Double fertilization

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 1 26

747 Morula Morula Morula Endnote 75