PROJECT OF ENGLISH

TOPIC:TITANIC
PROJECT
Presented by: Submitted to:
Yukti Mrs. Kiran Jatana
+1 Medical
Roll no: 37
THE R.M.S TITANIC IS ONE OF
TH MOST FAMOUS SHIPS IN
THE HISTORY.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express special
gratitude to my english teacher Mrs:kiran Jatana as
well as to the principal who gave me the wonderful
opportunity to do this english project on the topic
“ R.M.S TITANIC”
The opportunity to participate in this project has
helped me improve my research skills and I am really
grateful to them. I would
lo like to thank my family and friends for constantly
encouraging me during this project ,which I could not
have completed without their support and continuous
encouragement.
 CERTIFICATE
This is certify that “ YUKTI” student of class
11th “ medical” ‘ A’ has successfully
completed their english project on “ R.M.S
TITANIC” under the guidance of “ Mrs Kiran
Jatana”
 .
History, Culture and Iconic Interests in
the United States and Abroad
The R.M.S. is perhaps the most
famous shipwreck in our current popular
culture. was a British-registered ship
in the White Star line that was owned by a U.S.
company in which famed American financier
John Pierpont "JP" Morgan was a major
stockholder. was built in Belfast,
Northern Ireland by Harland & Wolff for
transatlantic passage between Southampton,
England and New York City. It was the largest
and most luxurious passenger ship of its time
and was reported to be
unsinkable. launched on May 31,
1911, and set sail on its maiden voyage from
Southampton on April 10, 1912, with 2,240
passengers and crew on board. On April 15,
1912, after striking an iceberg, broke
apart and sank to the bottom of the ocean,
taking with it the lives of more than 1,500
passengers and crew.
While there has been some salvage outside
of the major hull portions, most of the ship
remains in its final resting place, 12,000 feet
below sea level and over 350 nautical miles
off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Its
famous story of disaster and human drama
has been, and continues to be, recounted in
numerous books, articles and
movies. has been recognized by the
United States Congress for its national and
international significance and in many ways
has become a cultural icon. The disaster
also resulted in a number of memorials
around the world. In the United States, there
are major memorials in Washington
D.C.offsite link and New Yorkoffsite
link; the Widener Library offsite linkat
Harvard University is another major
memorial commemorating Henry Elkins
Widener, a victim of the sinking.
Investigation and the Development of Measures for Safety in Navigation
The sinking of was one of the deadliest peacetime maritime
disasters in history and quickly became a catalyst for change. The
United States Congress held hearingsoffsite link on the casualty that
resulted in a reportoffsite link and measures to improve safety of
navigationoffsite link. Similar investigations were held in the United
Kingdom. The international community readily came together for the
purpose of establishing global maritime standards and regulations to
promote safety of navigation, the most important of which was the
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), widely regarded as
the most important of all international agreements on the safety of
merchant ships.
Radio acoustic ranging navigation, developed by the U.S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey (USCGS, a NOAA predecessor agency) in 1924, had its
roots in the sinking of the . The transmission and reception of
sound waves led to the invention of sonar. USCGS and hydrographic
offices around the world grasped the power of sonar as an underwater
search tool, and also as a way to measure the depths of the ocean.
Today, accurate and precise nautical charts are produced with the data
acquired from survey vessels equipped with echo-sounding technology.
Discovery of the Wreck Site by a Team of Explorers from the
United States and France
The wreck of was discovered on September 1, 1985, by a
joint American-French expedition led by Dr. Robert Ballard of the
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Jean-Louis Michel of
the French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea
(IFREMER)offsite link. The wreck was found approximately 350
nautical miles (nm) off the Canadian coast of Newfoundland in
international waters two and a half miles below the ocean surface
(depth of 12,500 feet or 3,800 meters). Shortly after the discovery,
Dr. Ballard testified before the United States Congress to
encourage the enactment of legislation to designate the wreck as
a maritime memorial. In July 1986, a plaque was placed on
R.M.S. recording its discovery the previous year and calling
for the wreck to be left undisturbed in memory of those who
perished aboard her. In 1987, a United States company working
with IFREMER returned to the wreck and began to salvage in
artifacts from the artifact field. For more information on salvage,
please visit our related Salvage page.
United States Congress Acts to Protect Through
International Cooperation
Recognizing the shipwreck as a site of great historical
and cultural significance, Congress passed the R.M.S.
Titanic Maritime Memorial Act of 1986 (1986 Act),
directing the United States to (1) begin negotiation of
an international agreement to initiate multinational
conservation efforts; and (2) develop guidelines for
exploration, research and salvage. It also calls for the
recognition of the site as an international maritime
memorial on behalf of those who lost their lives in the
tragic sinking
National Significance
As a British-registered, American-owned
ship, represents a tangible link to United States
maritime history. The ship was owned and operated by the
British White Star Line, a subsidiary of the American-owned
International Mercantile Marine Co. of New Jersey of which
industrial tycoon J.P. Morgan was the majority shareholder.
Discovered in 1985 by American oceanographer Robert
Ballard and a team from Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution and their foreign partners, the remains
closely connected to the academic fields of U.S. maritime
history and marine science. As of its 100th birthday on May
31, 2010, is an "archaeological resource site" as
defined within the Archaeological Resources Protection
Act. Artifacts and data discovered at the wreck site continue
to advance scientific understanding on the process of
underwater archaeological preservation and
bio-deterioration.
 has inspired the creative genius of lawmakers, historians,
filmmakers and ocean enthusiasts around the world. It has provided a
storyline for countless books, articles, films and documentaries, including
the Academy Award winning James Cameron megahit . These stand
as testaments to the exceptional significance that the shipwreck as
assumed in pop culture, as well as American history. However, the
significance of the ship’ s status as a cultural icon is surpassed by its
historical significance as the ultimate memorial in honor of those lives that
were lost in its sinking. Of the 306 American passengers on board ,
119 were never rescued. The surviving passengers, many of whom lost
family and friends in the disaster, returned to the United States. In 2006, at
age 99, Lillian Asplund, the last living American survivor of the , died
in Massachusetts. At age five, she lost her father and three brothers
(including her twin brother, five-year-old Carl) on the . Other
passengers onboard were foreign-born immigrants traveling to the
United States. A poignant and powerful artifact recovered from the wreck
site was a declaration of intent to become a United States citizen filled out
by a passenger who did not survive the sinking but whose well-preserved
luggage was recovered. This artifact is a reminder that most of these
individuals did not survive, and with them died their American dream. To.
Today, the tragedy of the R.M.S. represents the hardship and
struggle faced by many immigrants during this time period as they set
off across the Atlantic Ocean in hopes for a better life and a brighter
future for themselves and their families. Their lives tell the story of the
millions of Americans who today are the living legacy of immigrants
who made the same trans-Atlantic voyage intended by the R.M.S. .
The story of the is the story of America.
International Significance
Much of the current international law relating to maritime shipping and
safety developed as a result of the R.M.S. tragedy. In the
immediate aftermath of its sinking on April 14-15, 1912,
the sparked a lawmaking frenzy resonating throughout the
international community. From this fervor emerged the adoption of the
first International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS) offsite linkin 1914. SOLAS has been amended several times
and is still the most important treaty addressing maritime safety. The
establishment of the international organization to address maritime
safety, the International Maritime Organization (IMO)offsite link may be
traced to SOLAS and offsite link. On Sept. 27, 2012offsite link, in
celebrating its 35th World Maritime Day, the IMO also recalled the 100th
anniversary of the disastrous sinking of that was a catalyst for it
establishment.
THANK YOU