HERBERT SPENCER

Short background
(IVY JEAN IDO)
Herbert Spencer was an English polymath active as a philosopher, psychologist, biologist,
sociologist, and anthropologist. He was born in April 27, 1820. Spencer developed an all-
embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world,
biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. Herbert Spencer is
famous for his doctrine of social Darwinism, which asserted that the principles of evolution,
including natural selection, apply to human societies, social classes, and individuals as well as to
biological species developing over geologic time.

(RITZELYN MATUGAS)
What is most significant contribution of the Herbert Spencer in Education?
One of the most significant contributions of Herbert Spencer in education is his emphasis
on bringing science into the curriculum of schools. He believed that scientific education was
essential for the progress and development of society. Spencer was influenced by the work of
Charles Darwin and applied the concept of evolution to the social sphere. He advocated for the
study of science as a means to provide a modern and superior culture compared to classical
education.
Herbert Spencer's emphasis on bringing science into the curriculum had a significant
impact on education. His advocacy for scientific education inspired many educators worldwide,
including Edward Livingston Youmans in America, who argued that a scientific education could
provide a culture for modern times superior to that of classical education.
Spencer's ideas promoted educational reform not just in the UK, but globally. His call for
science education to replace classical language teaching led to a shift in educational practices.
This shift had a positive impact on education reform worldwide.
Moreover, Spencer's views framed education not as a teacher-centered vehicle rooted in
the classical pedagogical methods of the elite but rather as a culture-neutral and student-directed
system for exploring innate scientific concepts. This perspective has influenced progressive
educational thought and social evolution.
(RITZELYN MATUGAS)
What it makes Herbert Spencer more relevant compared to others?
Herbert Spencer is considered more relevant compared to others for several reasons:
1. Evolutionary Perspective: Spencer's work was heavily influenced by Charles Darwin's theory
of evolution. He applied the principles of evolution to various fields, including education. His
emphasis on adapting education to the changing needs of society and the individual aligns with
the idea of continuous growth and development.
2. Interdisciplinary Approach: Spencer's ideas were not limited to education alone. He had a
broad range of interests and made contributions to various fields, including sociology, biology,
psychology, and philosophy. This interdisciplinary approach allowed him to offer unique insights
and perspectives on education that went beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries.
3. Emphasis on Science and Progress: Spencer's emphasis on science education and the
application of scientific principles to society made him ahead of his time. He recognized the
importance of scientific knowledge and its role in societal progress. His ideas resonated with the
growing emphasis on science and technology in the modern world.
4. Influence on Educational Reform: Spencer's ideas had a significant impact on educational
reform globally. His emphasis on practical knowledge, hands-on learning, and vocational
education influenced the development of educational systems in many countries. His ideas
continue to shape educational practices, particularly in the areas of STEM education and inquiry-
based learning.
5. Enduring Relevance: Despite living in the 19th century, many of Spencer's ideas remain
relevant today. His emphasis on individualism, critical thinking, and adapting education to the
needs of a changing society are still considered important in contemporary educational discourse.
Overall, Herbert Spencer's evolutionary perspective, interdisciplinary approach, emphasis on
science and progress, influence on educational reform, and enduring relevance contribute to his
significance and make him stand out compared to others in the field of education.