SUMMARIZING

Summarize?

• To express the most important facts or ideas about something or

someone in a short and clear form
Summary?
• What is it?
• When do we summarize?
• Why do you think you need to learn this?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEwmts9MqGs
Let’s Start with the Basics!
• Buckley (2004), in her popular writing
text Fit to Print, defines summarizing as
reducing text to one-third or one-
quarter of its original size, clearly
articulating the author’s meaning, and
retaining main ideas.
We Can Summarize,
• Results of studies you are reporting on
• Methods or approaches others have taken in an area you are
describing
• Various researchers’/authors’ viewpoints on given issues
• In an essay conclusion
• Contents of a text you are reviewing
• Historical events leading to the event/issue/philosophy you are
discussing.
PARAPHRAZING Vs. SUMMARIZING

 When you paraphrase, you use your own words to express

something that was written or said by another person, especially
to make the original meaning clearer.

 When you summarize, you use your own words to express the
most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a
short and clear form, especially to emphasize on key facts or
points.

 A summary is much shorter unlike a paraphrase.

How Do We Summarize a Text?

• Read and Reread!

• Find the Main Idea

and the Main
Points.
Then?
• Organize and present these main
points in a coherent way.

• Write those points in your own

words.
Finally…
• Read the original
text again.

• Edit the summary.

Original Text:
Height connotes status in many parts of the world. Executive offices
are usually on the top floors; the underlings work below. Even being
tall can help a person succeed. Studies have shown that employers
are more willing to hire men over 6 feet tall than shorter men with the
same credentials. Studies of real-world executives and graduates
have shown that taller men make more money. In one study, every
extra inch of height brought in an extra $1,300 a year. But being too
big can be a disadvantage. A tall, brawny football player
complained that people found him intimidating off the field and
assumed he "had the brains of a Twinkie."
 Choose the Best Summary!
• Throughout the world, being tall will lead to professional success.
In fact, research shows that employers are more likely to hire
taller men and to pay them more, as compared to shorter men
with the same qualifications.
 Choose the Best Summary!
• In most countries, height suggests status. For instance, higher
executives normally use top floors of office buildings. Further,
research shows that men over six feet tall are more likely to be hired
than those shorter than them but with the same qualifications. Taller
men also receive greater incomes, possibly as much as $1,300 a
year more than those only one inch shorter than them. However, as
a tall and muscular football player points out, a disadvantage to
being tall is that some individuals may perceive you as threatening
or even dumb.
 Choose the Best Summary!
• Though height may connote slowness to some people, in the
business world, it is almost universally associated with success: taller
men are more likely to be hired and to have greater salaries. Further,
those in top positions within a company are more likely to work on
the top floors of office buildings. Conversely, being tall can be
disadvantageous too.
Original Text:
Studying in a new environment is different and therefore can be
stressful. Tertiary students come from a variety of backgrounds and
are studying for different purposes. Students may have come straight
from secondary school, they may be a ‘mature age’ student who
has decided to pursue another career, or they may be an
international student and have just arrived in Australia. For many
students whatever their background, tertiary learning is different from
their previous studies. Students may be worried about the amount of
reading required, or whether they will be able to study efficiently
enough to get through their exams. They may also worry about the
tertiary learning expectations and requirements.
 Choose the Best Summary!
• Students from different backgrounds, including secondary,
mature age and international, are concerned about the
amount of reading required in tertiary study.
 Choose the Best Summary!
• For many students, including those from diverse backgrounds, it is
often difficult to adapt to new tertiary learning environments.
Managing workloads, understanding expectations and how to study
effectively for exams can be extremely stressful.
 Choose the Best Summary!
• Tertiary learning is often a new environment for students
particularly international students as they are unsure of what is
expected of them.
Let’s PractiSe!
In the case of diabetes, if diabetic control is poor, if the patient is
on large doses of drugs, and if major surgery is planned, admit the
patient to hospital a few days before the operation so that the
patient can be assessed, and given stabilization with soluble insulin.
Let’s PractiSe!
Dengue fever is an acute illness that comes upon one suddenly,
and it is usually followed by symptoms like fever, exhaustion, severe
joint pain and severe muscle pain and swollen glands, as well as
rash.
Let’s PractiSe!
“The movement toward education by computer is developing fast.
Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing how
people learn in many places. For years, people could receive
study materials from colleges or universities and take part in online
classes. But such classes were not designed for many thousands of
students at one time, as MOOCs are.”
Let’s PractiSe!
Knowing how to argue is a useful skill. We use it on ourselves in
order to arrive at decisions; we use it with others as we discuss
business strategies or policy changes on committees, as members
of the local PTA, a law office, an environmental action group; we
use it as fundraisers for a cause, like saving whales, we use it in
applying for foundation grants and in drafting a letter to the editor
of our hometown paper; we use it when we discuss child abuse,
toxic waste, tax cuts, pothole repair, working mothers, and
university investment policies. Our ability to express opinions
persuasively—to present our views systematically as arguments—
will allow us to make some difference in public life. If we lack the
necessary skills, we are condemned to sit on the sidelines. Instead
of doing the moving, we will be among the moved; more
persuasive voices will convince us of what we must do.
Let’s PractiSe!
Time management is a critical skill for all students to develop.
Weekly and semester timetables are an excellent way to plan a
study program. Students can use them to manage their most
important study, work and social commitments and to set
themselves study goals. Blocks of time can then be set aside for
study, reading, researching and writing. The most urgent tasks can
be addressed, whilst work continues on preparing for lectures,
tutorials and assignments. If time has been allocated for specific
purposes, it is easier to avoid unexpected demands like phone calls,
visitors and invitations. Assignments can be completed and
submitted on time and to a satisfactory standard.
(RMIT University 2020)
Let’s PractiSe!
With respect to daily intakes of specific micronutrients, 40% of
adolescent girls and 8% of adolescent boys were at risk for
inadequate intakes of iron. While protein intakes were adequate in
these subpopulations, the top two sources of iron were from plant-
based, iron fortified sources (breakfast cereals and breads and
bread rolls). With regard to higher iron bioavailability and density,
animal-based protein sources may be another strategy to address
iron intake, particularly among females, as it has been previously
shown to be a less popular food choice among Australian children
and adolescents and avoided by young female adults (Fayet-
Moore et al., 2017).
Let’s PractiSe!
The Northern Lights
There are times when the night sky glows with bands of color. The
bands may begin as cloud shapes and then spread into a great
arc across the entire sky. They may fall in folds like a curtain drawn
across the heavens. The lights usually grow brighter, then suddenly
dim. During this time the sky glows with pale yellow, pink, green,
violet, blue, and red. These lights are called the Aurora Borealis.
Some people call them the Northern Lights. Scientists have been
watching them for hundreds of years. They are not quite sure what
causes them. In ancient times Long Beach City College WRSC Page
2 of 2 people were afraid of the Lights. They imagined that they saw
fiery dragons in the sky. Some even concluded that the heavens
were on fire.
Practice Makes it
Perfect!