PEMBAHASAN TO 5 (17 DESEMBER 2023) LBE

LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Text 1 dan Text 2 untuk menjawab nomor 116 - 119

Text 1
Today the transplantations of many organs between well-matched human beings are quite
successful, with the majority of recipients living five or more years.
Experiments continue to be done to improve the technology and possibilities regarding
transplantations. For example, research is being done regarding human cell cultures, transplants from
human fetuses, including brain tissues, and from animals to humans. The latter includes attempts
to genetically design animals with organs that are less likely to be rejected by human beings. Some
animal products (e.g. insulin and pig heart valves) are already used regularly. Research also continues
to be done to improve artificial organs and other artificial aids to human functioning.
The ethical and legal issues related to organ and tissue procurement and transplantation are
often debated in light of such principles as autonomy, benevolence, non-maleficence, free and informed
consent, respecting the dignity, integrity and equality of human beings, fairness, and the common
good.
Text 2
Since the first human kidney was transplanted in in 1954, the nation has attempted to end the heated
disagreements about the ethics and lawfulness of organ transplantations: about the significance
removing organs from both living and cadaveric donors; about the criteria determining when death
occurs and thus when the decedent’s organs might be taken.
Many lives have been saved making some living longer that would not have been otherwise, and yet
waiting lists for organs continue to increase. Many individuals have given of themselves (literally) to save
the life of another, and yet the unequivocal protection of those who are not-yet-dead has been called into
question. The human body (dead or alive) has not been reduced to sheer property, and yet the desperation
of watching thousands of individuals die every year while waiting for organs has prompted a renewed
debate about monetary incentives should be used in an effort to increase organ supplies.

SOAL
116. Which of the following reflects
opinion mentioned in both passages …
(A) Human-to-human organ
transplantations have been quite
successful
(B) Clear protection of those who are still
alive has triggered a heated discussion
(C) Experiments keep going on to
improve technology on transplantation
(D) Ethics of organ transplantations have
become an international issue
(E) Request of organs keep increasing
PENYELESAIAN
Opinion: A statement that is subjective. The
validity of opinion is relative depending on who
sees what.
Line 1-2, Paragraph 1, Text 1.
“Today the transplantations of many organs
between well-matched human beings are quite
successful,…….”
Line 1-2, Paragraph 2, Text 2.
“Many lives have been saved making some
living longer that would not have been
otherwise,…”

The phrase “quite successful” is purely an

opinion since there is no exact number or a
standard or point of reference. Different person
will have their different view on the meaning of
“quite successful”.

Jawaban: A
117. Based on both passages, it can be assumed Assumption/Likelihood/Prediction: They mean
that … an idea that is based on several known data that
(A) public discussions about organ
have not yet proven to be true or correct.
transplantation shouldn’t be held
(B) genetically designed organs from
animalswill raise ethical issues Line 1-2, Paragraph 3, Text 1.
(C) legal and ethical issues regarding “The ethical and legal issues related to organ and
organ transplantations remain tissue procurement and transplantation are often
unresolved debated in light of such principles as
(D) organ transplantation can always autonomy…”
shortenlife expectancy
(E) financial incentives will be able to
Line 1-2, Paragraph 1, Text 2.
increase organ supplies
“Since the first human kidney was transplanted
in in 1954, the nation has attempted to end the
heated disagreements about the ethics and
lawfulness of organ transplantations..”

Jawaban: C

118. The topic discussed in both passages is … Topic: You can answer the question of the topic
(A) organ transplantation and its of the text by knowing the repeated keywords in
ethical consideration the text.
(B) advances in technology used for
organ transplantation Repeated Keywords: Organ Transplantation
(C) attempts to fulfil the increasing needs
of human organs
Both passages discuss about Organ
(D) research on artificial organs and efforts
Transplantation and Its Ethical Consideration:
to multiply organ supplies
(E) organ transplantation and its
significant contribution to human life Line 1, Paragraph 3, Text 1.
“The ethical and legal issues related to organ and
tissue procurement and transplantation are often
debated…”

Line 1-2, Paragraph 1, Text 2.

“…..the nation has attempted to end the heated
disagreements about the ethics and lawfulness of
organ transplantations…..”

Jawaban: A
119. Both passages are different in terms There is no statement in Text 1 that discusses
of dealing with …. about the urgency to increase organ supplies.
(A) ethical aspects considered for However, Text 2 discusses about it. It can be seen
organ transplantation
in Last Sentence of Paragraph 2.
(B) urgency to increase organ supplies
from various sources “……prompted a renewed debate about
(C) extending lifespan of recipients monetary incentives should be used in an effort
with transplanted organs to increase organ supplies.”
(D) needs of public ethic discussions on
organ transplantation Jawaban: B
(E) success of doing organ
transplantation from donor to
recipients
 Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are prime
examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing
surface to which ink hasbeen applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.
The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The
process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and
then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of
wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the
image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving thedesign area slightly raised. The woodblock is
inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with
a printing press.
Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith’s art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the
middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, “to carve”). The image
is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The
artist inks the plate and wipes it cleanso that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is
made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks
up the ink.
Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle
modelling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of
light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and
dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an
edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate
begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available,
at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.

SOAL
120. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The origins of textile decoration
(B) The characteristics of good-quality prints
(C) Two types of printmaking
(D) Types of paper used in printmaking
(E) The machines to multiply document
copies
PENYELESAIAN
Topic: You can answer the question of the topic
of the text by reading each first sentence of the
paragraphs in the text.
1st Sentence of Paragraph 1.
“Printmaking is the generic term for a number of
processes, of which woodcut and engraving are
prime examples.” (Ada dua contoh paling
umum dalam proses percetakan)

1st Sentence of Paragraph 2.

“The woodcut had been used in China from the
fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to
textiles.” (Penjelasan proses percetakan woodcut.)

1st Sentence of Paragraph 3.

“Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith’s
art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in
the middle of the fifteenth century.” (Penjelasan
proses percetakan Engraving.)

1st Sentence of Paragraph 4.

“Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive
characteristics.” (Perbedaan antara proses
percetakan Woodcut dan Engraving.)

Jawaban: C
121. The word “prime” in line 2 is closest in
meaning to
(A) principle
(B) principal
(C) complex
(D) general
(E) recent
122. The author’s purpose in
paragraph 2 is to describe
(A) the woodcuts found in China in the fifth
century
(B) the use of woodcuts in the textile
industry
(C) the process involved in creating a
woodcut
(D) the introduction of woodcuts to Europe
(E) the woodcuts discovered in the Arctic
123. Which of the following terms is defined
in the passage
(A) “term” (line 1 of paragraph 1)
(B) “patterns” (line 2 of paragraph 2)
(C) “grain” (line 4 of paragraph 2)
(D) “burin” (line 3 of paragraph 3)
(E) “grooves” (line 5 of paragraph 3)
124. According to the passage, all of the
following are true about engraving EXCEPT
that
(A) it developed from the art of the
goldsmiths
(B) it requires that the paper be cut with a
burin.
(C) it originated in the fifteenth century
(D) it involves carving into a metal plate
(E) its place of origin were Germany and Italy
Synonym: Find the same meaning word.
Prime(Utama): Main, Chief, Key, Principal.
Jawaban: B
Purpose/Aim/Intention: It is about what the
author wants to inform the readers about. You
can answer this question by knowing the topic.
In this case, the question is only for Paragraph 2.
You need to understand what is the Main Idea of
Paragraph 2.
Main idea of Paragraph 2.
“The woodcut had been used in China from the
fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to
textiles….. Woodcuts are created by a relief
process; first,……” (Penjelasan proses
percetakan woodcut.)
Jawaban: C
Define: What is meant by a word, text, concept,
or action.
Line 3, Paragraph 3.
“…..is incised into a highly polished metal plate,
usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or
burin.”
Burin: a cutting instrument (Alat Pemotong)
Jawaban: D
False Statement: to look for a choice which is
wrong according to the text.
A. Line 1, Paragraph 3
B. Line 3, Paragraph 3
C. Line 1-2, Paragraph 3
D. Line 2-3, Paragraph 3
E. Line 1, Paragraph 3
The Statement in Line 3 Paragraph 3 states that
“The image is incised into a highly polished
metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting
instrument, or burin.”
Burin digunakan untuk memotong/mengukir
gambar pada piringan metal dalam hal ini yang
 digunakan adalah Tembaga. Pada teks tidak ada
pernyataan bahwa Burin digunakan untuk
memotong kertas.

125. According to the passage, what do
woodcut and engraving have in common?
(A) Their designs are slightly raised.
(B) They achieve contrast through
hatching and cross-hatching.
(C) They were first used in Europe.
(D) They allow multiple copies to be
produced from one original.
(E) Their prices vary unevenly
Jawaban: B
Detailed Information: Scan the keyword in the
question to the text.
Line 4-5, Paragraph 4.
“Both methods can yield several hundred good-
quality prints before the original block or plate
begins to show signs of wear.”

Jawaban: D

126. According to the author, what made it
possible for members of the general
public to own prints in the sixteenth
century?
(A) Prints could be made at low cost.
(B) The quality of paper and ink had
improved.
(C) Many people became involved in
theprintmaking industry.
(D) Decreased demand for prints kept
pricesaffordable.
(E) More demands increase prices
127. When a sheet of paper is pressed against
an image-bearing surface to which ink has
been applied, how does the image appear
on the paper?
It appears……….
(A) in controversy
(B) in accordion
(C) in summation
(D) in summary
(E) in reverse
Detailed Information: Scan the keyword in the
question to the text.
Last Sentence of Paragraph 4.
“Mass production of prints in the sixteenth
century made images available, at a lower cost,
to a much broader public than before.”
Jawaban: A
Detailed Information: Scan the keyword in the
question to the text.
Line 2-3, Paragraph 1.
“Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or
other material) against an image-bearing surface
to which ink has been applied. When the paper
is removed, the image adheres to it, but in
reverse.”

Jawaban: E

A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides

information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys
are Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential
Campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
North Americans are familiar with the many “person on the street” interviews on local television
news shows.While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate
indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a
certain location. Thus, such samples canbe one-sided in favour of commuters, middle-class shoppers,
or factory workers, depending on which area the news people select. Second, television interviews tend
to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may
feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely
reflect a broad range of the population.
 In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An
effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also
be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are
less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys
can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the
questions are worded accurately.
An interviewer can obtain a higher response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down
a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. He or she must go
beyond written-questionsand probe for a subject’s underlying mind and reasons. Only by so-doing can the
survey results be correctly interpreted.

SOAL
128. Which of the following is a fact
according to the passage?
(A) Questionnaires have
advantage ofbeing costly
(B) Samples might be one-sided
(C) A survey is a study
(D) Surveys aren’t indispensable
(E) Questionnaires are cheap and
inconsistent.
PENYELESAIAN
Fact: A statement that is proven to be true,
meaning that fact is verifiable.
the
In the text it is stated in Paragraph 1 Line 1-2, “A
survey is a study, generally in the form of an
interview or a questionnaire, that provides
information concerning how people think and
act.”
Jawaban: C

129. What is the author’s attitude towards Author’s attitude: The way the author expresses
sampling the commuters, middle-class his/her feeling in the text through the words
shoppers, or factory workers for public he/she used.
opinion?
(A) Appreciative
(B) Admiring Paragraph 2 Line 4-5, “Thus, such samples can
(C) Assured be one-sided in favour of commuters, middle-class
(D) Unconvinced shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which
(E) Neutral area the news people select.”

Based on the statement, “Thus, such samples

can be one-sided…” the author expresses his/her
feeling that is unconvinced. Unconvinced means
not certain that something is true or can be relied
on or trusted.

Jawaban: D

130. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The history of surveys in North
America
(B) The principles of conducting surveys
(C) Problems associated with interpreting
surveys
(D) The importance of polls in American
politicallife
(E) American news is full of controversies
Topic: You can answer the question of the topic
of the text by reading each first sentence of the
paragraphs in the text.
1st Sentence of Paragraph 1
“A survey is a study, generally in the form of an
interview or a questionnaire, that provides
information concerning how people think and
act.” (What Survey Is)
1st Sentence of Paragraph 2
“North Americans are familiar with the many
“person on the street” interviews on local
television news shows.”(Where And Who Are

131. According to the passage, the main
disadvantage of person-on-the-street
interviews is that they …
(A) are not based on a representative
sampling
(B) are used only on television
(C) are not carefully worded
(D) reflect political opinions
(E) display digital interaction
132. Implied in paragraph 3, which of the
following is the most important aspect for
an effective survey?
(A) The high number of
respondents and the effective survey
(B) The widely worded questions and the
results
(C) The clarity of questions and the
researcher’s ability to interpret the
results
(D) An interviewer’s ability to
understand the respondents
(E) The interviewer’s ability to
hypnotize the respondents
133. Which of the following terms is
defined in the passage?
(A) survey (line 1 of paragraph 1)
(B) public opinion (line 3 of paragraph 2)
(C) representative sampling (line 7 of
paragraph 2)
Involved In Survey, Bagaimana Biasanya
Survei Dilakukan)
1st Sentence of Paragraph 3
“In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists
must exercise great care in the wording of
questions.” (What To Do Prior To a Survey,
Harus Melakukan Apa Saja)
1st Sentence of Paragraph 4
“An interviewer can obtain a high response rate
because people find it more difficult to turn
down a personal request for an interview than to
throw away a written questionnaire.” (Types Of
Survey, Mana Lebih Efektif)
Maka, topik/hal yang menjadi concern utama text
adalah B. opsi A terlalu luas jika tentang sejarah
survei.
Jawaban: B
Detailed Information: Scan the keyword in the
question to the text.
Line 1-2, Paragraph 2.
“North Americans are familiar with the many
“person on the street” interviews on local
television news shows. While such interviews
can be highly entertaining, they are not
necessarily an accurate indication of public
opinion.”
Jawaban: A
Implied: To infer or to imply means to arrive at
a judgement by digging what is indirectly stated
by a text, a paragraph or a sentence.
Line 1-3, Paragraph 3.
“An effective survey question must be simple
and clear enough for people to understand it. It
must also be specific enough so that there are no
problems in interpreting the results.”
Jawaban: C
Define: What is meant by a word, text, concept,
or action.
Line 1, Paragraph 1.
 (D) response rate (line 1 of the last
paragraph)
(E) reasons (line 3 of the last paragraph)
134. What is the gist of the last paragraph?
(A) It’s interview, and not written
questionnaire that will evoke more
response from respondents
(B) It’s written questionnaire rather
than interview that will elicit more
response from respondents
(C) Interpreting the respondent’s
responses is just simple
(D) Both interview and questionnaire are
alike in terms of getting responses
(E) Written questionnaire is easy to design
135. How does the author organize the
ideas in the passage?
(A) Putting main idea provided with
examples
(B) Presenting cause followed by effect
(C) Interpreting different ways of classifying
(D) Presenting data in historical way
(E) Figuring the ideas chronologically
“A survey is a study, generally in the form of an
interview or a questionnaire, that provides
information concerning how people think and
act.”
Jawaban: A
Gist: The substance or essence of a speech or text.
In this case, it has the same meaning with Main
Idea of Paragraph 4.
1st Sentence of Paragraph 4.
“An interviewer can obtain a higher response
rate because people find it more difficult to turn
down a personal request for an interview than to
throw away a written questionnaire.”
Jawaban: A
Text Organization: How the author organizes
the ideas in the text. You can answer this
question by finding the main points of each
paragraph then see their relation.
1st Sentence of Paragraph 1 {Main Idea)
“A survey is a study, generally in the form of an
interview or a questionnaire, that provides
information concerning how people think and
act.” (What Survey Is, Pengertian Dari Survei)
1st Sentence of Paragraph 2 (Examples)
“North Americans are familiar with the many
“person on the street” interviews on local
television news shows. “(Where And Who Are
Involved in Survey, Bagaimana Biasanya
Survei Dilakukan)
Jawaban: A