Ce ee ee a Saati ite sy ecm Lower Secondary Science | Understanding Physics 251) | Weight of object = 0.0 125 x 10 = 0.125 N [1] : Weight of object is the same as force exerted by the object on the floor. ‘Area of contact = 0.125/0.14 = 0.893 m? [1] (0.893 m2 = 0.893 x (10%)? em? = 8930 cm? [1] (@) weight = mass x gravitational field strength = 0.45 kg X10 Nikg =45N d (b) base area of the cube = 9 cm? = 0.000 9 m? pressure = forcelarea = 4.5 N/0.0009 = 5000 Nim? (©) _ pressure exerted by the cuboid = 5000 Nim? ‘mass of the cuboid = 300 g = 0.3 kg ‘weight of the cuboid = 0.3 x 10 base area of cuboid = 3/5000 Let p be the width of the cuboid 0.000 6 m? = 0.05 m x p p = 0.000 6/0.05 = 0.012 m {1} x= 0.012 m= 1.2em{1) (@) volume of cuboid = 1.2 x 2 x 5 = 12 em? mass of cuboid = 300 g density = 300/12 = 25 gle? NO) 0006 m* [2] Revision 1 (a) F [Note: Itan object does not move when a force is applied, there is no work done.) ®) T @ T (@)_F [Note: itis newton metre or joule.) (©) F (Note: It is also affected by the distance travelled by an object when a force is applied on it.) Tick only (b), (4), () (a) 15 (b) 25 (© 200 Revision 2 (@) turing effect (b) pivot Tick (b), (@) (@) clockwise (b) anticlockwise (@) The sum of the anticlockwise moments is equal to the sum of the clockwise moments if an object is in equilibrium, (b) _ twill stay in a balanced position/does not swing or turn,> Revision 3 1. (a) __ Itis a device that enables us to do work easily. (b) tis a simple type of machine. (c) They are the fulcrum, the load and the effort. 2 @ 3 () 2 @ 2 @ 12 © 3 @ 3 @ 2 @ 3 O21 > PARTI ‘SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 2. 3. 10. BE 252 Moments of forces are the turning effects of forces. No work is done when an object moves in a direction perpendicular to direction of the force applied. Distance = 2 m Fore =8N Moment = 2 x 8 = 16 Nm Weigh or force = 60 N Vertical height = 3 m Work done = 60 x 3= 1803 Clockwise moment = 80 Nm ‘Anticlockwise moment = F x 5m F = 805 =16N ‘moment = force x perpendicular distance between force and pivot. Work done = 125 J Force = 25 N Distance = 125/25 = § m= 500 em Staplers are second class levers. Moment = 60 Nm Force = 500 N Distance = 60/500 = 0.12 m or 12 em. ‘Work done = 2 MJ = 2.000 000 3 Distance = 4 km = 4 000 m Force = 2.000 00/4000 = 500 N Human arm is an example of third class levers. Moment = 200 Nm Weight of load = 200/4 = 50 N ociM13. ¢ 14, 15. D o 16. A a7. B 18. D 9. 20. A SECTION B: © © © ©oGLM ‘A see-saw is a frst class lever and a wheelbarrow is a second class lever. Both forces cause the plant to turn in the clockwise direction. Clockwise moment = 2 x 80 = 160 Nm Anticlockwise moment = F, x 0.8 m (Note: Convert 80 cm to 0.8 m for unt consistency with the other distance.) ‘To be balanced, anticlockwise moment = clockwise moment F, = 160/0.8 = 200 N Since the load does not move a certain distance, there is no work done on the load. Moment = 24 Nm Force = 40 N Distance = 24/40 = 0.6 m ‘The pivot is placed at the midpoint, so the distance is 1m between the pivot and the edge of the plank. x=1-06=04m For first class levers and second class levers, a smaller effort can overcome a greater load. ‘Total weight or force = 2500 + 800 = 3300 N ‘Work done = 49.5 kJ = 49 500 J Distance = 49 50/3300 = 15 m Anticlockwise moment = 30 x 40 = 1200 Nem Let p be the distance between 20 N and the pivot. Clockwise moment = 20 x p p = 1200/20 = 60 cm Hence, d = 60 — 40 = 20m STRUCTURED QUESTIONS Moments of forces are the turning effect of forces. plank force INote: The distance between the pivot and the force must be perpendicular] Distance = 40 em = 0.4 m [1] Moment = 20 Nm Force = 20/0.4= 50 N (a) (moment = 540 Nm force = 450 N distance = 540/450 = 1.2 m [1] (i) The length of the plank = 1.2 +0.2= 1.4m. ‘Since the plank is in a balanced position, anticlockwise moment = clockwise moment. Let d be the distance between the pivot and the force of 800 N. 800 x d= 540 Nm [1] d = 540/800 = 0.675 m [1] ‘The distance between the load and the force of 800 N 1.2 m—0.675 m= 0.525 m= 52,5 em [1] Lower Secondary Science | Understanding Physios 253}> (@) weight = mass x gravitational field strength =5.0 x 10 ON (©) work done = force x distance =50N x 80 003 (©) work done = force x distance distance = 400/16 = 25 m Answers for (a) and (b) © @__ Iisa simple type of machine with a fulcrum, a load and an effort. It enables us to do work more easily, (i) Second class lever (ii) Paper cutter/Nutcracker [Note: Accept any other correct answers.] (@) (The rod would turn in the clockwise direction. (i) The clockwise moment is greater than the anticlockwise moment, so the rod will not be in a balanced position {1 The rod will turn in the direction in which the moment is greater 1] (b) Leta be the distance between 800 N and the pivot, 500 x 0.6 = 300d Nm d= 300/800 = 37.5 em PART II SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 CC Mass =2.5kg Weight = 2.5 x 10 = 25N Distance = 400 cm = 4 m Work done = 25 x 4m= 100 J [Note: The unit joule is the same as newton metre.] D_ Total clockwise moments = (20 x 4) + (60 x 8) = 80 + 480 = 560 Nm Anticlockwise moments = Clockwise moment Fx 15 =560 F=37N ‘SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS 1 254 (@) Clockwise moment (&) @ ~~ moment=5 x 3=15Nm (i) moment =5 x 7 = 35 Nm © O 342 (i) The total clockwise moments caused by the clothes are the least,[1] so it has the least turning effect {1] Hence, Jenny only needs to put in much smaller effort to prevent it from turning, [1] ecim