SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Unit-1 Concept of Man Concept of Human 0:1- Throw light on sociological thinking in the context of the concept of man? A Monovigan considers creatures affected by biological forces. Sociologists consider him a social creature instead of considering him as a slave of basic instincts. He is considered to be a creation whose basic instincts can be tamed and tamed by the process of socialization and man presents himself in such a way that he can fulfil the expectations of the society. Man learns social norms through socialization and practices them. The sociological concept of man believes that oppression, violence, crime, suicide and deviation in the society are not due to the basic tendency of the human being but due to the social environment and social structure. Sociologists believe that in order to change the anti-social person, first we have to change the social conditions that make him a criminal and motivate him to act anti-social. He believes that human selfishness and anti-social tendencies, can be curbed and can be diverted in the direction of human welfare that social life provides greater freedom to man for development and self-reliance. instead of his non-social nature. Social production: The concept of nature, human life as a whole, to understand the problems of tribal India, it is necessary to understand that this concept is based on a popular, important and tested cultural situational initiative of human science. In this, the continuous interaction between man and nature has an important place General meaning of society: In the colloquial language or in the general sense, society is used for a group of individuals, any organized or unorganized group is called a society. Like Arya Samaj, Brahm Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Hindu Samaj, etc. This is the simple meaning of the word Samaj. It is used by different people in their own way. Someone has used it in the form of a group of individuals, someone in the form ‘of Samanti, someone inthe form of institutions. Meaning of society in sociology:- In sociology, the word society has been used in a ‘specific sense. Here, the system built on the basis of social relationship between individuals is called society. Q:2- Explain the form of concept of human being in positivist sociological theory? A: Kamat and spacer:- whose name is associated with sociology. Prominent proponents are The spacer took its form from biology and from the physics of Comet. Spacer considered the individual as a part of society. He said that this kind of construction is done with brick, stone, lime, wood etc. In this way, society is also built with different 2 units. Society is the first existence ofthe units of society. But the existence of society can be central to the realization of units. Not really, he said that each unit has its own personality. ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 1OCIAL I STITUTIONS ( 1102) A different type of prepex is found in August Com's sociology of the concept of man. Kaman's views on the continuous relationship between the individusl and the society and the individual state are his two works:- Philosophic positive and polity meet the right. Kamat in polity established equality in the social welfare of the individual. It is not possible to change in an individual whereas society can be developed. Durkheim:- The positivists have their special place in sociology. Durkheim considered man as a produet of social process. Durkheimis ideas about man can be seen in his creative social division of labor, ‘suicide’ and the beginning of religious life. Durkheim also says that increase in population, division of labor and increase in specialization isolate the individual from society. Thus, Durkheim was the first person, who introduced the concept of sllenaton\n sciloay 02:3 Describe the concept of man in linguistic sociology? ‘A The names of Marx and Weber are prominent in linguistic sociology. The main concern of the sociological and discursive (developmental) sociologists is with the problem of man in modern society. The problem of alienation of man is the central theme in Marx's sociology, while Weber discusses the relationship between man and society in relation to the modern capitalist society and its bureaucratic organization and different forms of power. Marx says that labor is a characteristic of the individual. Hard work is what binds one person to another. As a person is separated from hard work, from family, from self-produced goods and from the person himself. Weber has linked the change of ethics in the controversy of the concept of man. In the traditional society, man did not have any freedom regarding his actions and living conditions. Even salvation from sin (man) was not done alone but in a collective form. Emphasis is placed on collective moral standards in place of the individuel, Man had no existence as an independent agent. It was emphasized that the individual should be limited to his business and work only Unit-2 Economic System Economic System 0:1 - State the main features of primitive economy? Ans: Simple and primitive society - ancient society is called. The main features of primitive economy are 1. Ina’s technical knowledge and level is very low. In the primitive society, one had to crave hard food most of the time and there was a risk of hunger. 2, These people are free from the tendency to save or hoard for the future, even if they collect something they do not know how to preserve it for along time — ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT.; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 2SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 3. Due to lack of means of transportation, itis very difficult to move goods from one place to another in the area of grain and goods and their economic activities are limited to a certain seographial area. 4, There is no system of currency and market in these people like modern society, Mostly, their regulation is prevalent in the form of regulation, so they have a sense of merchant broker competition and authority. 5. Even compared to production and style ess emphasis is placed on regulation, 6.In the primitive society, the tendency of selfishness is not found. 7. There sno iliference between economic and social relations 8. Religious and magical activities are also performed during the performance. 9. Day-to-day miracles of innovation and change are rare among primitive people. 10. Gift has special importance in primitive economy. 0:2: Elucidate the institutional form of economic system of modern societyétind modern society? A The following institutions are seen in the economic system of difficult society and modern society’ 1. Property Property has been a major institution in all ages, ancient and modern. Land was the main form of property in the feudal system. Property owner relationships are found in custom and law in all societies 1 2. The prevalence of money and credit and reputation has been going on since the Roman period. By the end of the Middle Ages, the currency was very limited and interest was prohibited. The first was regulation, but now all the work is done with currency, most of the business work is done with reputation. 3, Factory system Factory system is also a gift of modem society. After the industrial revolution Production is on a small scale. Today, production has started on a large scale. 4. Corporation requires more money to produce in large quantities. 2 different types of rule companies or organizations have been established to accumulate large amounts of capital. 5, Wage system After the industrial revolution, the wage system has become a fixed system. “The labor systems found tobe of two types. As much work asthe price principle and half (11) on the basis of time 6. Labor Union and Employer Union (Lobour Union Association of Employers) In the modern system, when the interests of the employer and the laborer start to clash, the organization of both to protect their own interests. The irs aborer wants more hard werk wages andthe ployer wants to earn businoss profit by paying less wages, 7. Contract a modern ines, many works suchas road cnstrvcttn bulng bridge construction aro bing done on contract basis ‘8. Competition (Competition) n today's era, competition is found in buying, selling, manufacturers etc. 9. Co-operation It is very important to have cooperation for today’s era. For production, cooperation between the owner and the laborers very important. ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 3SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 1 Division of labor is done to separate units and individuals in small groups to complete the work quickly. What is called division of labor in the factory system, production work is not possible without division of labor. Q3- Explain Vastu Vinayam and Utsavi Vinayam in relation to primitive society? ‘A; Commodity rule: It is a rule in which the people of the primitive society used to. get labor or work from a laborer or any other person, then in return they would give him the item he needed. They say Utsavi Veenyam:- in this, gifts were given. The purpose of the gift was to honor and respect the individual and collective relationship with the distribution of production. In the primitive society, the gift had no original meaning, if it was given humbly, it was respected, it is called Utsavi Vinyam, Q:4- Explain market in relation to economy? ‘A Amarket is a place where goods are bought and sold. The prices of the goods are fixed and the money is traded. The market can be permanent, temporary, equal, variable and small, big. The work is done with credit back money. Unit: 3 Modem Economic System (Modern Economic System ) 0:1-What do you understand by capitalist economy? ‘A> The modem capitalist was born in Europe in the 18th century when machinery began to be used in industry and power was used instead of human and animal power to run the machine. While defining, Ogburn and Nimkoff write that capitalist means the system in which capital is associated with money. But which actually includes the means of production in the form of capital Characteristics of capitalist economy — 1. Mass production 2. More and more profit 3. A copyist A Peraliiation 6.Bock 7, Dain flor 8. Personal property HO ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page +SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 10. Class struggles Q:2- Explain the difference between socialism and communism? to Bradley; the socialist rejects individual private property and believes that society organized in the form of a state should be self-governing and should distribute all resources equally. According to Seners - Socialism is an instrumental ideology whose aim is to bring about a sound economic system in the society which can provide more freedom and freedom to the individual at any given time, Characteristics of Socialism: 1. In socialism, the expectation of individual and individual self interest is given more importance than society and collective 2. Socialists want society and state control over the means of production and communication 3, Socialism emphasizes the property of exploitation, 4, Society emphasizes collective benefit rather than individual benefit 5, Socials wants a fair dlstributon of wealth n the county. ‘Communism: Russian thinker Karl Marx explained the right of equality in a special way, giving importance to the proletariat and the poor working class in opposition to the capitalist. 2. Division of labor :- Production to fulfill human needs Numis called labor division, 3. Post-Industrial :- Pre-industrial agricultural societies. Socialism and Socialism Both of these ideologies are based on the idea of equality as human beings, especialy equality, and therefore many people forget to consider them as one, meaning that their purpose is much more in terms of means, field of work and methodology. There is a difference. Marx himself said that socialism is more open and advanced than communism: Unit-4 Asset Management Yaimani_ System. Q:1 - While clarifying the form of primitive society, throw light on some of its important features? ‘As Land Farming: Primitive economic organization was of subsistence type.Jhum farming means that a single pieve of land will not be used for agricultural work fora long time and farmers will move from one plot to another plot. The reasons for doing so are not inconsistent. The deciining yield in agriculture can be increased again by giving fertilizers ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT.; Opp. Bus stan AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 5Valuation System: Due to the presence of currency as a medium of valuation and measurement and valuation, economic transactions are always based on valuation. There were many types of rules in primitive society. Some of these are as follows: Commodity Regulation - It is a direct form of regulation if it is not bound by rules, then it includes trade and measurement. and (c) goods for goods. 2: Throw light on the form of Jajmani provisions? A: Jajmani system is another type of system of regulation. The uniqueness of the system of regulation lies in the fact that service in exchange for goods is regulated in the old way. A Brahmin appoints a name for the purpose of making it. Jajmani arrangement is one in which a blacksmith. The laborers work in the Shamir family for generations, before their children take up their profession and work in the rich family. This system is called Jajmani system. What the father and grandfather did, the child should do the same. Q3- Explain the functions and roles of Jajmani system? A: In the Jajmani arrangement, the joint role is that of Yajmana and Kaminya, The lower castes perform economic and social services for the lower castes, in return the Jajmans pay them Vasist Mokiya or after a certain period of time, while the entire caste is an essential caste in this mutual ‘transaction. Which is usually not in regular service. The owners of Kaminya live in their own village and also in other villages. One ear can sell the right to his work to another ear. The role is important in terms of - free food, |) clothing, shelter, rent, free land, oxic aid, help in litigation and protection of the poor by the host in times of crisis in life. The host system is not continuous in all the villages. Q:4- Explain the change in Jajmani system and the reasons for its ridiculousness? ‘A: The caste system of the Yaimani system, the religious system, the ownership of the land, the feudal system and the political current of the village. The major changes affecting Yajmani practices in the last 5 or 6 decades are as follows. 1. Deficiency Inthe capacity ofthe Panchayat ofthe elder ofthe village 2. Impact of factories and industrialization on the quality of services rendered by reduction 3. Stability in the strictures of caste practices 4 ssemiation of etueaon 5. Physical comfort of middle and lower caste people 6. Going to Sahara in search of a job ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 6SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 7. Abolition of land tenure practices 8. Land reform infection. 9. Getting good employment in urban == |) 10, Modem transport facilities. Unit-5 Family and Marriage (FAMILY AND MARRIAGE ) Q:1- Describe joint family? A- Meaning and perception of family:- The word family is a variant of the English word family which is derived from Part of the word family, The same meaning snot always applied. In Fac, under the Latin word Familias, parents, children, slaves are included. Greek people use the word oikonomia for family. Which meant together with the larger group and the parents and the family in the family. Children of Meaning and definitions of joint family A joint family is a household group that includes parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, brothers-in-law, cousins and unmarried brothers and sisters. Thus, in a joint family, a normal group of members of many generations. There is a place of residence. : 2: What do you understand by single family? A;- Meaning and definitions of single family:- Single family means such a household group. In which husband and wife live with childless and unmarried children. If one of the husband and wife dies, the other If he is living with his unmarried child, then he is called a single family. In this, the husband is not related to the inheritance of the wife. Q:3- Tell the main features of joint family? Az The main characteristics of a joint family are as follows:- 1. Large size ;- In a joint family there are more generation members than in a single family. 2. Sadharan habitat: Ina's habitat is Sadharan. All live together in it 3, Normal property «Individual property has no importance in a joint family. if a family member Whoever earns more money or everyone has equal right to the property. 4, Co-operative spirit This spirit can be associated with the spirit of the member whether he stays together or apart, but he is always ready to sacrifice for the sake of the welfare of his family. 5. Chairmanship of the Karta = The Karta of a joint family has the right to take every decision regarding the family. \ 6. Sadharan Praja :- The members of the family worship a deity or deity on Sadharan. 7. Sadharan Rosai = Joint families eat cooked food of one Rosai ——W I Page 7 ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 8. Continuity of rights and =~ duties of executors towards each other in joint family members Feeling is found. 9. Cultural Continuity = Traditions and customs are more rigidly followed as compared to joint family a1 Q: 4 What do you mean by marriage? Define marriage? ‘A Meaning and definitions of marriage: Marriage is a social institution related to the regulation of physical relations approved by the society. Every society has certain rules regarding the establishment of physical relations. This recognized rule is called marriage. In the bond of marriage, men and women become part of a family in the form of husband and wife. Definitions:- Westermarck - Marriage is a physical relationship between one or more men or one or more women. Which is accepted by custom or law. Bogards - Marriage is the institution of bringing a man and woman into family life Unit-6 CHANGES IN FORM OF AWAY AT WORLD LEVEL 0:1 - Mention the important characteristics of an agricultural family? A An agrarian family is associated with land holdings, permanent houses, livestock, poultry houses and handicrafts. Such a (marriage) family usually shows the following symptoms. “The first feature of family lfe focuses on the economic activities and tasks related to the process of running the household in a practical manner. The elders of the family, including the women, goto the farm and are engaged in weaving and spinning. in this way men work in the field and women work in the house. The popularity of the joint or extended family in an agrarian society is largely responsible for this factor. Along with this, by farming, a person is connected to a permanent asset like land. 0:2- Describe the factors affecting the family? A: The family itself has not changed so much as the change has tuned on it. Science has changed the family the most. The house became a factory production unit because the Wasp condenser was larger than needed for the house and thus required more space for production power. After Udayagikarath, many significant changes affecting the family have taken place. Among all these, the new status of women is the most important. Leaving an impression of social change is the reason for the dominance of Sahari culture, Among the many different aspects of social fe that affect the family We can discuss two here, on the one hand, mass entertainment based on population pressure SS - ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 8SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) ‘Some services related to labor are provided due to which men and women spend more time outside the home 0: 3- Throw light on the factors behind the birth of Nabhaki family? A:- Nabhaki family is called Ekaki family. The family used to meet the various needs of its members, economic education, entertainment, social security, ete. and with the beginning of industrialization, the modem family wes deprived of this work and the work done in the past became a cure forall diseases in the eyes of its ideas. In the modem family, itis a nuclear family group which is independent of its relatives and remains limited to its own house and depends on the salary or labor of the husband or wife. itis further said that the declining birth rate indicates an increase in the incidence of divorce after marriage, a decrease in the process of preparing food and making clothes at home, a decline in the standard of living of the family and a trend towards increasing individualism and intellectual values. is 5- Throw light on the pattem of new emergence of the Family as a result of many changes? A: 1. Decline in family size :- Day by day the family size is decreasing. 2. Changes in the relationship between husband and wife :- Till some time, the husband was a lover or a god for the wife, whether angry or persecuted, but now both earn and work equally. 3. Decline in father’s authority and increase in importance of other members, 4, Changes are coming in marriage and physical relationship. 5. Increasing independence of Istria from economic and social point of view | 6. Declining importance of kinship. 7. Increasing responsibilty in the family. 8. The support base of the family is decreasing 9. Changes in family entertainment work Unit-7 OPTION OF FAMILY DIVORCE ND SEPARATION (0:1- Write a note on the future of the family? A: The family is a universally important institution and it will continue to be so here in the future | fee! great uneasiness that in spite of his painstakingly developed principles and technical refinements and anasthana, the author, as an intransigent realist, fails to convey some mediocre aspirations and ideals. ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & M¢ GMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 9{CIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) They cannot find anything else. In his book Kaminka Transformation, Ferdinand Lundberg expresses his ability in these words. The family is on the verge of complete destruction. Psychologist William Buller comments that the family ives for a year ortwo after the birth of a child and dies completely for the rest of the time. Q:2: Throw light on the problem of marriage and divorce in India? ‘A: From the social and legal point of view, the termination of the marital relationship of husband and wife is called divorce. Divorce is an indicator of lack of compatibility and failure in the married and family life of the husband and wife. it means that the objectives for which the marriage was conducted have not been fulfilled. This is a sad incident. Faith is over. Betrayal and disillusionment is a situation in which one partner visits another and the one who is rejected feels humiliated and oppressed. His self- esteem gets hurt, itis a serious family and social problem. In Hinduism, it has been said that a woman should be reclusive and follow her life, and it is not possible for a woman to abandon her husband and it is not considered right for her to do so from a socio-religious point of view. 0:3: Explain the different ways of marriage and divorce prevalent among Muslims? A Muslim marriage is a contract. In both cases, if any of the parties does not follow this agreement, then the marriage can be divorced by talaq, In ancient Arabia there is a custom of shell. According to the Muslim divorce law, the husband and wife can divorce at any time. It is only permissible for him that he does not cohabit with his wife for four months. In Muslim, divorce can be done from the court with the help of the court and in both written and oral ways. Divorce in writing is called talaqnama. Men have more freedom to divorce than women. Mainly there are following types of divorce - (A) Talag e Hasan (K) Talage Hasan (C) Talaq ul Bidhat. 0:4- Write a brief note on indian Marriage Divorce Act 1869? ‘A According to this sub-rule, the right of marriage-divorce is given in the legislative form of Isaiah. Under this sub-rule in section 10, if the wife is divorced, the husband can file a petition in the court for divorce and the wife can seek divorce on the following grounds. 1, The husband has left Christianity and accepted another religion and married another woman, 2. The husband has established physical relations with a woman who comes under ilcit relationship. 8, The husband Is guilty of adultery. 4, The husband behaves unkindly with the wife. 5. The husband is guilty of rape, unnatural, adulterous or animalistic. —— ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT.; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 10SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Unit Relationship arrangement KINSHIP SYSTEM 0:1- Describe the types of relationships? A; Types of Kinship - Kinship can be broadly divided into two categories. 1. Matrimonial relationship, 2. Blood relation 11) Matrimonial kinship: The relationship that comes only between husband and wife but also includes other kinships of Ina Dowa families. When a person gets married, he probably finds that with marriage Another related person marries. 2) Blood Kinship ~The relationship between parents and two brothers or two siblings is based on the basis of blood only. There are blood relations. Who are our own brothers and sisters and other relatives like uncles, aunts, Mother, father, grandfather et. 0:2: Write a brief comment on family and humor? ‘A:- Humorous relationship in Ristedari Rita is the complete opposite of family. Here family members are taken away from each other. There, family ties bring two people very close. In a certain sense, it binds the two persons in a noom mudhar contact or relationship and gives them the right to joke with each other. According to Radcliffe, humor is a relationship between two people in which one party is open to the practice and is sometimes required to annoy the other party, laugh with him or make fun of him, but the other party Do not think anything bad about it. While the physical in the family Avviolent attempt is made to avoid the related subject. ; 3- What do you mean by Mutalia and Prisvatare? Explain. ‘> Mutalia:- The word Mutalia Kulet or Kulet refers to the practice which regulates the continuous relationship of maternal uncle or niece in a specific manner. It is prevalent in their maternal family. Where the mothers brother has a lot of importance and role in the family matter. Priswatre:- Under the Mutalaya system, as the mother's brother has a special right and status. Similarly, father's sister Bhuan or Savsa is more important in Prisvatre practice. Rivers has described several such tribes in which such a practice is found. In which there is a possibility of ending that relationship after marriage. Q:4- What is co-pregnancy? explain ‘A Avery unique practice under Ristedari provisions is co-presentation. As is clear from his name. It is clear that this practice is related to the period of childbirth. This practice is related to childbirth. According to this practice, it becomes necessary for the husband that whenever his wife is about to have a child, she also -— —_ ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT,; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 11SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Let her feel all the pains and behave and spend her days as if she is giving birth. In such a situation, the husband should behave in the same way and in which the child stays for a few days after delivery. As a result, childbirth is considered contagious. Therefore, in many tribes, no one crosses the river or washes the clothes until the child is born. Q:5- Throw light on the regional diversity of kinship in india? A: Difference regarding kinship group: In the northern region, mostly seven-member families are found. These families are found to be representative families. These families are also Pratavansi and Pritsthani, The number of @ Vansi muitimarried group is almost uncountable, while in the southern region there is a predominance of regional provincial, Pratsthani. But its not universal Differences regarding marriage rules Sharp differences are also found in the north and south region regarding the rules of marriage. Spind saw is prescribed in North India 3. Diversification in the Succession Rule The rule of succession in the northern region is a conservative ‘one. Due to primogeniture, there is succession from the father's eldest son to his eldest son and so On, Unit-9 Sociological theory of power SOCIOLOGICAL UEROY OF AUTHORITY Q‘1- Explain the difference between power and power? A Authority Man lives alone in society, rather than living with other people, he also influences others and by influencing others, he is also influenced by others. Influence means to change or act by a person according to his will. There are two forms of influence. power and authority If a person uses force to get his point across, it is called Shakti. If shakti noum vadanik approval is received then itis called usnum satta. A person who has responsibility and also has power. Through whom he fulfills his responsibility. Power is an important concept in the political sphere Meaning of power:- Power is different from power. Power is related to position or situation whereas power is always institutionalized with the individual. Satta is a legislative power which a person obeys by his, own will Meaning of power The meaning of power in the word is the ability to influence the behavior of others and the ability to control the behavior of others. In relation to the society, this power is with the state which is provided by the people in the society. It is called Sama. In this way, in order to run the social system, the society assigns the task of controlling the society to a particular person or a group of persons under a system. In modem society, this power does not belong to the state. Q: Ss ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 12 Explain the views of different scholars related to Shakti?SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) ‘A> Max Weber's views on power:- Max Weber said that power is the fulfillment of one's desires by many people through collective action. This happens despite the opposition of those people who are partners in the action, which means that there is a broad sense that no person can have power in isolation. Marxist concept of power or thought - The power of thought is a social resource that people use. By relying on which, they are given the right to use it. Power is held by a class exclusive to the exclusion of others. This group can conflict with its own interests. The power source is associated with the economic heel. The forces of production are those that are economically effective in terms of production. Q:3- Give your thoughts on Wilfredo Paretos interpretation of aristocracy and elite? ‘A= Attempts have been made to explain human behavior by connecting with human nature for centuries. Perhaps the first attempt by a sociologist to analyze human tendency was made by Wilfred Pareto. They derive the character of man from some of the natural elements of man and call them instincts. They are divided into six main categories of Avsosas, Avasas of combination, Saya or some Sattya, Self-expression, Sociability, Individual unity and Linga. According to Pareto, these are the true tendencies of the human character, but so many are born of impoverishment due to all kinds of weak and responsive explanations, which he calls origin. Pareto considers psychological integrity to be the basis of elite management Unit-10 Bureaucracy BUREAUCRAEY :1- Explain the concept of bureaucracy? ‘A Bureaucracy is a collective group that is responsible for executing the tasks of the state power. Every person involved inthis group system has a specific role. The word bureaucracy is derived from the French word Bureau Which means a desk or desk finner for writing is called a bureaucratic noom desk gormint. Because the goverment along with the administration tkes important decisions on the desk and moves its system forwerd Max Weber- Bureaucracy is an administrative system characterized by the characteristic of impartiality and humanity Laski : Bureaucracy is a system of control which is in the hands of the officials. Q:2- Present the views of Max Weber regarding bureaucracy? ‘A= Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy Max Weber has given the definition of bureaucracy as follows. Bureaucracy is a Prussian system characterized by special competence, impartiality and sense of humanity. Max Weber explained the concept of bureaucracy in terms of power and authority. Bureaucracy is a type of administrative system in which power is divided and transferred. Weber considered the traditional intelligence as equal power and incomplete power. Max Weber, the creative specialist of bureaucracy, has explained it ike this.SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Ithas the importance of legitimate relationship, There is a feeling of monopoly. It changes according to the position. sense of heavy controls found 3- What do you understand by political socialization? ‘A> The word ‘socialisation’ means ‘adhiram or ‘adhiramy, the importance of social awareness has increasad in learning Political Socialization - Culture has a special contribution in providing practical form in the society. The culture of any social group never ends. It always changes from one person to another person from one age to another. The process involves Amal Kumar Mukh Upadhyay has said that learning is a process that includes interculturality towards the cultural paradigm involved. It is called socialization Unit-11 Political parties and pressure groups POLITICAL PARTIES AND PRESSURE GROUPS 0:1 - Difference between pressure group and political party? A: Itis difficult to differentiate between political parties and pressure groups in Indian polity. Mult party system has developed in our country and the number of parties is so large that they become tools of factional politics, yet there is @ fundamental difference between poltical parties and pressure groups. Political parties participate in elections. While pressure groups do not field candidates in elections, political parties have developed objectives and programs. Whereas pressure groups have fewer targets. Political parties work in the Legislative Assembly 1 Q:2: Explain the working of party group and political party? ‘Functions of pressure group and political party 1. Pressure group work is a good tool for propaganda end dissemination. 2. Sabah group and political works to publish statistics 3. Saba group and political work is to organize Gostia 4.To be active in the lobby of Parliament 5. Dishonesty and other remedies 6. Pressure group and political party work is lobbying. 7. Interestin nomenon ol Members of Pararmert.SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) 8. The function of pressure groups and political parties is to demonstrate. 0:3: Write a comment on Indian pressure groups? A= In India, pressure groups could not develop like in America, while business organizations are active as pressure groups, but pressure groups of other groups do not influence the decisions in the political process in a modem way due to middle class leadership. can A large gap between pressure group demand and social capacity due to economic sophistication is noticeable in India. Election of universal adult suffrage Increase in political rights Privileged people and expansion of organized programs in the economic and social fields Organized pressure and interest groups are expanding in India’s political structure :4- Describe the advantages of party system? ‘A: Qualities of panty system. 1. Adaptable to human nature - just like nature, there is variation inthe nature and thinking of different incividuals 2. goes to Necessary for democracy - Political party is an essential part of the democratic system. Political party of democracy There are guards 5. Giving stability to the government is also a vitue ofthe party system. 4. Places of public opinion such as political parties are important means of imparting public education to the masses ate 5 6, Development of social and culture 7. Discipline, 8, Racist unity. 8, Governance arcane Construction of Sixth Law. Unit-12 Raster State, Citizenship and Democracy NATION STATE CITIZENSHIP AND DEMOCRARY (0:1- Throw light on the beginning of the kingdom andits changing paradigm? ‘A> A modern state is a sovereign and centralized entity. Today Asi gives the name Asi Raj to this political unit. Itis actually a raster state. The emergence of which took place on the international stage some 350 years ago after the Treaty of West Wales. Before this, the unit known by the name of state. In fact, itis a division based on a Sasak dynasty, the boundary of this geographical area is often not natural. Rather, human beings are created and the limits of a state are human lives of many nationalities ese ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 15,SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Even at that time, the identity of the state was associated with the concept of dividing the land in a certain area. Q:2- Explain the impact of globalization? A: Globalization is a process under which the multi-dimensional aspects of the world are bound together. Along with the economic and political culture, it cannot be forgotten that this process has been going on for many years and will continue for many years to come. Every state is obliged. 0:3- Throw light on the modern concept of democracy? ‘As The meaning of democracy - Today in political science with Poleto, democracy is the English meaning of democracy. The word is derived from the Greek word demos, which means public, and the word cresi, which means government or government, has been added to it. In this way, the basic meaning of democracy is public support. Democracy in Ibarim Limbad means a government of the people by the people for the people. Q4- Elucidate the form of Indian democracy? ‘A Forms of Indian democracy 1. India is a sovereign nation. 2. It is a secular country. 3. This is a socialist society. 4. Humanism and scientific ethics. 5. Concept of development raster Unit-13 TYPES OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES :ANIMATISM (MANAISM, PLUEALISM SECTS CULTS 0:1 - Explaining the meaning of religion, write the definition of religion given by different thinkers? ‘A According to Stephen Fuchs, the word religion is derived from the word religare which means to bind and associate man with God. The origin of the word religion is believed to be from the word '‘Shabd' of the Sanskrit language. Which means to pay attention and be kind to all living beings is called Dharma. According to Edward Taylor, religion is belief in spiritual power. According to Abel - is based on a belief in a supernatural power that includes both individualism and man ESS PEE INSTITUTE OF IT & MGMT; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-21060 Page 16SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Kuber's idea that religion is the pattern of behavior related to cultural life. 0:2: vat the meaning of eon and shed ight? ‘Ans The word religion is derived from the word religare which means to connect and associate man with God. The Crigin of the word religion is believed to be from the word pro of the Sanskst language. The essence of which is the perception of reason and having compassion towards all living beings is called Dharma. 3- Give brief comment on humanism? A: Some human historians have accepted the existence of Sattavism after Atmaism. The principle of Sis the recognition that every object, whether it is rooted or conscious, has a power which is transcendental. The order in this power and its adoration and worship gave rise to religion. This idea was presented by Maxmuller and Pius in Num Suru. The people of Melanesia call this supernatural power by the name of Num Mana (Q:4- What do you understand by naturalism? ‘A Max Muller's naturalism is a form of authoritarianism. Max Muller was a German scholar who knew Sanskrit and other languages. He found the origin of religion in the realm of natural forces and phenomena, was influenced by human nature and the sky, and instilled in him the fear and love of natural objects, which he regarded as the gifts of the mind. Unit-14 RELIGION IN Manes socIETY Q:1- Explain the role of science in human life? ‘A: Both religion and science are an integral part of human life and we use medicine according to our needs. Inthe modern era, as science has progressed, the influence of religion in the society is good. Conflict has increased between believers and atheists, The boundary line of knowing and not knowing has been forming and deteriorating. The blind faith which has firmly bound the society with the help of religion. Science has completely shocked him. Science has a deep connection with human life. They fulfill human needs. They present the correct solution to the problem. Q:2- Explain in detail the relationship between religion and science in the modern age? A: Religion and science have a deep connection with human life. Both are integral parts of culture. Medicine is used to fulfill human needs, but where God and supernatural power find solutions to human problems, science works on the basis of intuitionSOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (DSOC102) Presents the correct solution. Religious and sometimes we see conflict. In the present era, the importance of science has increased and the influence of religion has decreased. A sharp conflict between religion and science is seen when religion itself is shown to be scientific. Religion is based on belief and belief and it can be explained scientifically. Q:3- Explain the characteristics of secularism? A Meaning and definitions of secularism - Secularism is taken as meaning in social science. It means neutrality or precision. Many sociological secularisms mean neutrality. It is defined in the European political context that shame is to remain visible from the state. Peter Berger must be described. That they say that when society and culture are liberated on the basis of religion, it is secularism. Max Weber has put this matter of burger in a different way. In his view, secularism is a process of fundamentalism. With this vision, the whole society becomes completely logical. His yukti mulkat continues as a process then it is secularism, Features - 1. The beauty of religion, 2 Citizenship. 3. State and religion initiative 0:4- Write a comment on India being a secular state? A: Itcan be said that India is a secular country. Secularism is a point of view according to which people of different religions are tolerant. Co-existence on the basis of equality in one's religious contribute othe establishment ofa welfare state without any hindrance. Our county India is a secular country ESS P! ‘TUTE OF IT & MGMT.; Opp. Bus stand, AJNALA; 9814682929, 01858-221060 Page 18