ICT 4010

Test 1 (Marking Guide) Version C

Total Marks: 32

Note:
ICT 4010 Test 1 Version A was displayed (online) to students whose student ID number ends
with 0,1,2 and 3

ICT 4010 Test 1 had four versions (A, B, B2, and C), this is the marking guide for Version C.
All versions had the same questions with minor differences (such as IP address numbers or OSI
Layer numbers) however, these questions were still similar across all four versions.

1) Explain the differences between Layer 4 and Layer 5 of the OSI Model [4]

Answer

-Explain Layer 4, Transport layer, and Layer 5 session layer

The Transport Layer provides reliable data transfer including segmentation, desegmentation,
error control and flow control. The Session Layer establishes and manages connections between
the communicating network devices.

Note: Layer 4 explanation should mention (any of the following) segmentation, error control or flow
control. Note 2: depending on the explanation given, various answers and explanations may be
awarded marks (for this question and the other questions below)

2) Explain two advantages IPv6 has over IPv4 [2]

Answer
 higher number of supported devices
 more efficient routing including a protocol for path discovery at the source device instead
of at the routers exclusively
 IPv6 includes an improved packet header with reduces processing overhead
 includes automatic configuration which can replace subnetting and static IP addresses
 increased security and authentication with IPSec security

(Any two above, including other explanations not indicated above)

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3) Explain two advantages IPv4 has over IPv6 [2]

Answer
 More devices support the IPv4 protocol by default, compared to IPv6
 Several established networks and websites already utilize IPv4
 Manual IP address management can be more complicated with IPv6

(including other explanations)

4) Explain the difference between a switch and a bridge [2]

Answer
- a switch has more ports than a bridge
- a bridge only uses the store and forward switching method whereas a switch can use store and
forward and cut-through switching.
-

5) AMN Bank has 8 LANs with 600 hosts in each LAN. Suppose the company uses
only one class B address. Using subnetting: Give the bank a class B address and
list the first 7 subnet network addresses and first 7 broadcast addresses that
AMN Bank can use. [7]
(Show your working (submitted working can be a file / camera image of pen and paper etc.))

Answer

Use subnetting that will support 600 hosts in a LAN

Determining hosts
Let the Subnet mask be 255. 255. 252. 0 (in an attempt to find the first class B subnet mask
which will support 350 hosts.)

11111111. 11111111. 11111100. 00000000

2𝑛 − 2 whereby n = number of off bits
210 − 2 = 1022 valid hosts, 1024 total hosts (per subnet)

Possible number of subnets:

2𝑛 whereby n is the number of network bits starting from the 3rd octet,
26 = 64 possible subnets (enough to support the 10 LANs of AMN Bank)

Valid subnets
255.255.252.0 is a /22 network (based on the number of 1s in the subnet mask)
Use 256 – 252 to find the size of each subnet (whereby 252 comes from the 3rd octet of the
subnet mask for a class B address)

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 Therefore, use a (any) class B address that will use multiples of 4 in the 3rd octet (first subnet
address will begin at zero in the 3rd octet)

First seven network addresses

172.16.0.0
172.16.4.0
172.16.8.0
172.16.12.0
172.16.16.0
172.16.20.0
172.16.24.0

First seven broadcast addresses (whereby a broadcast address is the last address in a subnet)
172.16.3.255
172.16.7.255
172.16.11.255
172.16.15.255
172.16.19.255
172.16.23.255
172.16.27.255

(the first 2 octets can use any valid class B numbers, the last 2 octet should utilize the third and
fourth octet numbers indicated above)

6) Explain the differences between the TCP/IP Layer 3 and Layer 4 [2]

Answer
Applocation Layer and Transport Layer (TCP/IP Model)

The Transport layer provides the reliable data transfer of segments including segmentation,
desegmentation, error control and flow control. Application Layer establishes connections
between the source and destination devices, including encryption and port connections

7) You have been given the IP address 178.55.0.0 /20

a. Determine how many subnets can be made [3]
b. Determine how many valid hosts’ IP addresses are usable across all the
178.55.0.0 /20 subnets [4]
c. Determine the block size of each subnet and list the 2nd, 3rd and 4th subnets’
network addresses [3]
(Show your working (submitted working can be a file / camera image of pen and paper etc.))

Answer
a) Subnet mask
The 178.55.0.0 /20 network is a class B network
The subnet mask (for /20) is 11111111. 11111111. 11110000. 000000
(255.255.240.0)

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 with 4 network bits in the 3rd octet
and 12 off bits beginning in the 3rd octet

Number of subnets:
𝟐𝒏 whereby n is the number of network bits in the 3rd octet.
𝟐𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔 possible subnets

b) Valid hosts
𝟐𝒏 − 𝟐 whereby n is the number of off bits
212 − 2 = 4094 valid hosts per subnet

c) Block size (Valid subnets)

𝟐𝟓𝟔 − 240 = 16

Note: whereby 192 comes from the 3rd octet of the subnet mask, ie. valid subnet
addresses would use multiples of 16.
The first four subnet network addresses would be (including 2nd, 3rd and 4th)
178.55.0.0
178.55.16.0
178.55.32.0
178.55.48.0

8) Give a disadvantage that Multi Mode Fiber cables have compared to Single Mode Fiber cables [1]

Answer
Single Mode Fiber cables support higher bandwidth than Multi Mode Fiber cables.

9) Explain two differences between a CAT 5 cable and a CAT 6 cable [2]

Answer
 CAT 6 cables have a higher bandwidth than CAT 5 cables
 CAT 6 cables have a higher cost compared to CAT 5 cables
 CAT 6 cables operate at 250 MHz frequencies whereas CAT 5 cables operate at 100
MHz frequencies

Total: [32 marks]

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