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Chap5 - 6 - Steam Tables - Past Test Past Exam Papers
Chap5 - 6 - Steam Tables - Past Test Past Exam Papers
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MSAIMechE [UDW} MODERATOR(S) MR Z.M ZONDI B.Tech{DUT} FACULTY ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE NATIONAL DIPLOMA: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ‘Attempt ALL 4 Questions. Use the Formulae sheet attached INSTRUCTIONS Question 4 must be answered on the special sheet provided. Marks will be deducted for incorrect or missing UNITS. CALCULATORS & SCRIPTS REQUIREMENTS ‘STEAM TABLES & STEAM CHARTS PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL PERMISSION IS GRANTED LTEMO 024/128 - NOVEMBER 2018 MAIN EXAMINATIONS QUESTION 4 [28 marks} 1.4 The specific heat capacities of a gas are given as follows: c= 0,217 ki/kg.K and oy = 0,172 Ki/kek. Determine the density of this gas at a pressure of 1MPa and at a temperature of 600°C. © 1.2 Derive, from first principles, an expression for the work done during the polytropic expansion of a gas. 6) 1.3 An engine has a volumetric compression ratio of 14: 1. The bore and stroke of the cylinder are 250 mm and 300 mm respectively. Air in the oylinder at the beginning of compression has a pressure of 96 kPa and temperature of 93 °C. The air is compressed for the full stroke according to the law PV32 = C, f lled P-V diagram, determine, for the compression process: 1.3.1 the mass of air; a 4.3.2 the work transfer; 6) 1.3.3 the heat transfer. 6) [For the air, take y= 1.4 and c= 1,006 ki/gK | ‘QUESTION T23 marks] 2.4 Determine using steam tables/charts: 2.4.4 the specific enthalpy of steam at a pressure of 1,4 bar and dryness fraction, x=0.9: 2) 2.4.2. the specific volume of dry saturated steam at a pressure of 476 kPa. (2) 2.1.3 the specific enthalpy of superheated steam at a pressure of 950 kPa and 335 °C. 4) 2.2 Superheated steam at a pressure of 4 MPa and with a temperature of 375 °C enters a desuperheater at the rate of 5,04 tonne/n, Hot H20 at a temperature of 75,9 °C is sprayed into the superheated steam as it passes through the desuperheater to produce a combined mixture of output steam at a pressure of 4 MPa and with a dryness fraction of 0,96. Determine: 2.2.1 the mass of the output steam in tonne/h; (10) 2.2.2 the internal diameter of the steam pipe required to transport the output steam if the steam velocity is 23 mys. 6) ‘QUESTIONS T27 marks] The following data was recorded from a test on a steam boiler during a plant visit: ‘Steam Pressure Ti bar Caloric Value of fuel ol 75,5 MIKE Feed water temperature exiting economizer] SLB“ ‘Steam temperature 350°C Hot well temperature BEC Dryness fraction after evaporator 035 Steam generation ‘Stonne.h=TEMO 021/128 - NOVEMBER 2018 MAIN EXAMINATIONS 3.1 Drawa fully labelled diagram showing the layout of the steam plant. (4) Determine the: 3.2 mass of the fuel oil consumed in kg.h* if the thermal efficiency is 70%; (7) 3.3 heat powers absorbed by the economizer, evaporator and superheater units. (10) 3.4 Equivalent Evaporation from and at 100 °C. 3) 3.5 List 3 ways to improve the plant efficiency other than adding an economizer. (3) QUESTION 4 ~ [27 marks] USE THE SPECIAL ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION. 4.1 Provide one term/word that completely describes each of the following: 4.1.1 The collective name for fuels such as coals, oils and natural gas. (1) 4.1.2. An inert gas that does not take part in a combustion reaction. (a) 4.1.3 The minimum mass of oxygen required to burn 1 kg of a fuel. (a 4.1.4 Anatural gas which is piped to domestic and industrial users. (y 4.1.5. The air supplied to a fuel beyond that required for complete combustion. (a 4.2 Determine the stoichiometric mass of air required to completely burn 1 kg of paraffin, CoH. (5) 4.3 Asample of anthracite coal has the following composition by mass: Carbon 90% Hydrogen ‘Oxygen Sulphur Nitrogen Incombustibles RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES (RAM's) ARE: Had =i2 N=i4 ‘S=32 Assume that air contains 23 % oxygen by mass and 77 % Nitrogen by mass. 4.3.1 Determine the stoichiometric mass of air required for complete combustion of 1 kilogram of this fuel and the stoichiometric Air: Fuel ratio. @ 4.3.2. If 16 kg air is supplied, determine the percentage excess air. (2) 4.3.3 Determine the masses of the constituents of the wet flue gases/kg fuel burnt for 4.3.2 above. (8) END OF PAPER... TOTAL =405 ( bonus=5) 3TEMO 021/128 ~ NOVEMBER 2018 MAIN EXAMINATIONS SURNAME & INITIALS. REG.#. QUESTION 4 [25 marks] AAA 4.1.2 4.13 414 4.1.5. 4.2 [ Constituent | Mass of constituent Balanced — Combustion | Oz required (ke/kg fuel) Equation (ke/kg fuel) Total theoretical O2 required = Therefore stoichiometric mass of air = 4.3.1 stoichiometric A/F ratio= 4.3.2. % excess air = 4.3.3 TOTAL PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION [per kg fuel Excess 02 = Total No in products PRODUCTS PRODUCT MASS [k@/kg fuel] TOTALQUESTION 4 TEMO 021/128 4.4.1 fossils fuels V 4.1.2. Nitrogen, No ¥ 4.1.3. Stoichiometric mass Y 4.4.4 Methane gas (CHa) ¥ 4.1.5. Excess air V 4.2 Balanced combustion eqn: 2CcHis +19 02 = 12 C02 +14 H20 WV Proportion by mass: 2 (12x6 + 14x1] + 19x32 = 12 x[ 12 +2x16] + 14 x [2x1 + 16) V 2x 86+ 608= 12x 44+ 14x18 NOVEMBER 2018 MAIN EXAMINATIONS 172+ 608 = 528 +252 [27 marks] [1x5=5)] Divide through by 172: 1 +3,535= 1kg CoHia requires 3.535 kg O2 v © stoichiometric mass of air = 3.535/0.23~ 15.37 ke/kg fuel. [ANS] V 5] 43 Constituent | Mass of constituent] Combustion Equation | 02 required (ke/kg fuel) _| (ke/kg fuel) c 0.50 C02 3002 32/2 x0,902,400 V H 0,035 2Ha + 02 3240 32/4x0,08 0 0,030 0,030 v 3 0,005 S¥ 02 D502 32/32X 0,005"0,005 V Total theoretical O2 required 2,655 ke/kg fuel V Stoichiometric mass of air= 2,655/0,23 11,543 kg alt/kg fuel V 4.3.1 Therefore stoichiometric A/F ratio= 11,54 :1 V (71 4.3.2. If 16 kg air supplied, % excess air = [16-11,543]/11,543 x100%= 38,61%. VV [2] 4.3.3 TOTAL PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION [ per kg fuel] Excess O2 = ,23 x (16-11,54) = 1,026 ke/ke fuel_V Total Nz in products = 0,01 + 77/100 x 16 = 12,33 kg/kg fuel_V PRODUCTS PRODUCT MASS [ke/kg fuel] [C02 447 12x0.50=3,300 V F20 S02 Excess O2 Total Ne TOTAL 16,98 ke/kgtuel V (8)BI [264 P= loco kr T= 664243 = 843K “THER Mo IT - Nov 2o1z_ Main Bean .MEMQ uy © p= O29 kT KBE KT as om kn byt kt Re Sp-Cv = 9214-0192 = o,045 kT hy! FRom Py = mRT Py =aT @ Mov CO and prt Ci = 25,4 by eh & 12 Ne, WD = 2 PY) Ve = Jy Pav | Now PY"2c o fee." . ntl - “ ¢ [4 eh os oH yy — [we a = Cv - CM —n4+{ = Re -fy, ne 4 Wir RM “RM f RT ~N —_>LS Mo. 14 Ve i Tis 934243 = 200K p 7 p | Wich / Wee Vi-Vee E 928*x03 HLL, m3] = 0,014 426 nd Bub Vie 14Ve £13Va2 0,044 5 Ve 000118502! Vi= 0,015859 m4 M1 =_s,cisesi x" (7) L310 Flom = Pv, = mRT B= LP 21,4 = look fey PM 7 “ we WS RT v 1 v= ©, FSG Tg Ke = ALX O01 SB SR oo oats eRe Op-dy = oe 45 ky V@S) = Leb ON18b 1 = O28F krkgl ks "3-2 WD eee EVI Vs EMA RVe 7 1a Qwe-? Qr- Uses Woe fo2 By? -ev RP (% 43 AU = mote-T)/ = % (ey TT [Ne not ' Ss) Te NY, 4 = 246 4g KR, 3lé Sata) ec “ Wez = dx oisesq ws obo) Te= 807, 33K TTR APS HOpon8s YEN OE ASS Laat 2. AUeee = 6,13 kr 4G) — > Age ko T hb - LST 6,0148%6, fess (Bc163- HK) Awso- 152 kraz [23] Zhi P= '4o ky %= 6,42 he he + xhey = ase oar Yoon y Qh vee? = 251,44 ko kg ———» y= * P= 496 kta By ENTER ouTION: =’ Ho IZ AA ©, I4-0, 3972 4% ~ 4¥o Ng 63972 = & Io, 643 ic Z48, Pte) | Yoo a hsu= . Aso lo, hsu2 P- 950 kPa Se o Nsw 53,5 Ue wsis hs 30530 lo SS ah = 9,39252 M/k Ma = 039252 M/k kta) SO = 3 Beo,—3ed 35-3 50, 32g 3D / - : Vv ’ su BAT 8S (ons) ; OY+ on TEA Hoe the IF = 604x107 ky Superheated © | fog} lo Bes Abean. rly Mee OS my = 4 kis 4-600 kPa DESUPERHEAIER 345t Aocok, mg 2? (tome /i)x Bua % Coumnbsy oF swsS flo: my + tig = tig ~—__p but mye U4 Ils 2 4+ a= wi 4 ¢2) er ia = mig ~1,4 (8) Powe Ente SYSTEX = POWER ouTAT FRem SYstEm 10 ri hy + mzhe = Mghs —_ 74 GD + (3) iN (4) gueo - Z bay + (nig x04 Jha = sighs” , ws chy, /A(31S4)4(01-U4 ) WA = 3(2%31, 48) SoLviNG Gues rig = 164 Rls Kae hsw-3094 = 395-35 =_ 542 tome/h | “SURF QQ Sy — 2 Nsw = 3094+ 20x eh = 3154 kr kg! hy = he @ ¥69% So = Big kr ko hs = hes + xzhb&s © Looe Ks = 108 T+ 0,96x 1 F135 2 2431, 49 kekyt/ yy Vg> Az Cy Be eH, WG at 4ecokh = 0 04 TFS mP/k, INR O9Cx 00499 — = ©,0o4FF6 wR 6 pAg = M3 2 M4 S x0, 796 G 23. #4} =o, cos Fat day. 66 ‘on as) (os /ASmag)@3 [oa] 3a Ms = Soe iy = 2,5 bls Ve = mis (he ah) 4 me. EY 6-7 = 2, 25 (hah) / tag x 45 Sto | Reqe hy aadhg, | BB (A) 5b om Ales a : hy = 200 TERFELATOS: 47,5 4 ss : = EATERS: 47,5 2 ‘ et asl 414 445] 24 Shys ot tx TE I = 2035 Kr igey hs, @oste P| he= te=30%4 - — 4cco Acco _| “Bote-3014 7Eeae = 40K Atco | ah, 1o0 = — 24X tee) See | 30% 2 309,60 Kr hel “, 0/F = 25 (30,6 - 2635), mp x 45 5@ CD mp = 0, 2264 Kis = 8161 kh. : — SS 33 Qecae fg ahs shgCha-hy =2,S(385-203,5)i~ ha e@aquse = A53 7s kw a = 385 kr kg-tQ evap = ms(ah) = tisha ~he) hs = Nes + hy hes € Aico ke, 1095 + 9493» IFos\y~ Z680,65 kT kg 1 Qevap = 2,5 C 2680, Se) = 573418 kw v Gah = tigal'= sig(he-bs) pe = 25( 30,6- 280,06) . = 1014, 83 kw) ado 34 E.bs tisChe- hy mp x 2256, qe — = Vee (30%, 6 — 263, sy Blb,| « 22564 7 . = I4 iI [egez] eS ky fuel. BSS Fncreae mamber of tubes sn dupechenke— 3.5 9 Ente thet plant Prepedly sndulabed to mune heat loyey. a 3-$3. Reduce Amoke from chemi tack, leant 44 seRilarty macntaea! 3.54 — Endwe thet te p And derviced on time be borfer “Ongenesrd » ,* Q Ary 3TEMO 021/126 - NOVEMBER 2018 MAIN EXAMINATIONS QUESTION 4 [27 marks] fossils fuels. 1.2 Nitrogen, No ¥ 4.1.3. Stoichiometric mass V 4.1.4 Methane gas (CHa) V¥ 4.1.5 Excess air V (1x5=5] 4.2 Balanced combustion eqn: 2CéH1a + 1902 = 12 CO +14 H20 VV Proportion by mass: 2 [12x6 + 14x21} + 19x32 = 12 x [12 +2x16] + 14x [2x1 + 16] (2x 86+ 605 12x444+14x18 172 +608 = 528 +252 Divide through by 172: 1 +3.535= 1 kg Cosa requires 3.535 kg Oo v © stoichiometric mass of air = 3.535/0,23= 15.37 kg/kg fuel. [ANS]_V (5) 43 [ Constituent | Mass of constituent — | Combustion Equation | Op required (k@/kg fuel) (ke/kg fuel) Cc 0.90 C+ 02 SCO2 32/12 x0,90=2,400 H 0,035 (2H2 + 02 32H20 32/4 x 0,035=0,280 V 0 0,030 - 0,030 t | i s | 0,005 | ‘$+ 02 DSO2 32/32x 0,005=0,005 Total theoretical O2 required = 2,655 ke/kg fuel Stoichiometric mass of air= — 2,655/0,23= 11,543 kg air/kg fuel V 4.3.1. Therefore stoichiometric A/F ratio= 11,54 :1 (7) 18.61%. VV [2] 4.3.2. If 16 kg air supplied, % excess air = (16-11,543]/14,543 x100%: 4.3.3 TOTAL PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION [ per kg fuel Excess O2 = 0,28 x (16-11,54) = 1,026 kg/kg fuel_V Total Nz in products = 0,01 + 77/100 x 16 = 12,33 kg/kg fuel_V [3] [PRODUCTS ~~~ "| PRODUCT MASS The/ke fuel] C02 44/12x0,90=3,300 #20 ‘9x0,035=0,315 [80.1 2x 0,00=0,008 | Excess 02 1,026 [ Totarh2 12,33 “vO | TOTAL «1698 Keregtuel VY bo ——____} 5THERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM Semester 1/2018: Supplementary Examinations SUBJECT AND LEVEL THERMODYNAMICS II SAPSE CODE ‘TEMO 021 + TEMO 128 DATE JULY 2018 (SUPPL.) - "| NUMBER OF PAGES ‘ENUE DRSEMEHALL | Gncinding the front page) | > TIME 09:00-12:00 DURATION 3 hours FULLMARKs | 100 TOTAL MARKS 100 “| EXAMINER) | MR R.GAYAPERSHAD BSC.ENG, MSAIMechE | MODERATOR(S) MR Z.M. ZONDI B.TECH. FACULTY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COURSE NATIONAL DIPLOMA: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Attempt ALL. 4 Questions.(25 marks each) INSTRUCTIONS Question 4 to be answered on the special sheet provided CALCULATORS & SCRIPTS REQUIREMENTS STEAM TABLES & STEAM CHARTS DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL PERMISSION IS GIVENTHERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM QUESTION 1 [25 marks} TI Determine the specific volume and density of 2 kg of a gas at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 600°C given that the specific heat capacities of the gas are c,= 0,217 kI/kg.K. and = 0,172 kI/kg.K © 1.2 Derive, from first principles and with the aid of a fully labelled P-V diagram, an expression for the work done during the adiabatic expansion of a gas. 6) 1.3 A quantity of air at a pressure of 80 kPa and a temperature of 15°C occupies a volume of 25 dm. This air is compressed adiabatically to a pressure of 400 kPa, and is consequently allowed to coo! at constant pressure until the temperature is 27°C . Determine: 1.3.1 the mass of the air, 2) 1.3.2 the final volume; @ 1.3.3 the maximum temperature reached by the air; @ 1.3.4 the work done on the air during compression; and @) 1.3.5 the total change in specific internal energy of the air. @) [For the air, take cp= 1,005 kJ.kg?.K" and cy =0,718 k.kg.K") QUESTION? [25 marks] 2.1 A closed vessel of 0,8 m’ capacity contains dry saturated steam at 360 kPa. Making use of STEAM TABLES, determine: 2.1.1 the mass of the steam in the vessel; @ 2.1.2 the temperature of the steam. @ ‘The steam is now cooled at constant volume until the pressure is reduced to 200 kPa. Determine subsequently: 2.1.3 the final dryness fraction of the steam; ) 2.1.4 the amount of heat rejected by the steam © [flint : Use q = (bo-hs) -v (rp) 2.2 Using either the STEAM CHART OR STEAM TABLES, determine the enthalpy and volume of; 2.2.1 1,0kg of wet steam at a pressure of 100 kPa and dryness fraction 0,92; 6) 2.2.2 80 kg of dry steam at a pressure of 400 kPa; @ 2.2.3 10 kg of superheated steam at a pressure of 600 kPa and temperature 320 °C. Oy 2.3 Ina test to determine the dryness fraction of a sample of steam, a combined separating and throttling calorimeter was used. The following observations were made: Pressure before throttling 1200 kPa Pressure after throttling = 130 kPa ‘Temperature after throttling 120°C ‘Mass of moisture in separator =05kg ‘Mass of steam condensed after throttling 9,0 kg Calculate the dryness fraction of the steam entering the apparatus. ©THERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM QUESTION 3 [25 marks] ‘The following data was obtained during a 1 hour 30-minute test on a steam boiler during a recent plant tour: Steam pressure at evaporator = B8bar Steam generated 7560 kg Calorific value of fuel oil 45 500 kI.kg* Steam temperature 325°C Feedwater temperature entering economizer 49,5°C Feedwater temperature leaving economizer 99,6°C Dryness fraction of steam. = 0,98 Turbine output = 600kW ‘Turbine exhaust pressure = L8bar = 80% Plant thermal efficiency 3.1 Draw fully labelled diagram showing the steam plant layout. Oy 3.2 Estimate the mass of fuel oil used in kilograms per hour and the fraction of the specific enthalpy drop in the turbine. (8) Determine the: 3.3 heat powers absorbed by the economizer, evaporator and superheater units. (8) 3.4 Equivalent Evaporation from and at 100 °C. @) 3.5. total kW of heat lost in flue gases. @) QUESTION 4 - [25 marks] Use the special answer sheet to answer this question, See attached at back of paper. 4.1 Ethyl alcohol (C; H.O) is burned in a petrol engine in the AUTOLAB at MUT. Determine the stoichiometric Air/Fuel ratio, © 4.2 The analysis, by mass, of the coal fired to a boiler is: carbon 82 percent; hydrogen 8 percent; ‘oxygen 3 percent, ash 7 percent. The boiler uses coal at 684 kg.(hour)' and air is supplied to the furnace by a fan; the air supply is 30 percent in excess of that required for theoretically correct combustion. Determine: 4.2.1 the volumetric flowrate of the air (in m'/s) taken in by the fan when the pressure and temperature of the air at the fan intake are 1 bar and 18 °C, respectively (R for air=0,287 Ki/kg.K); (a2 4.2.2. the percentage composition of the wet flue gases by mass. ® Assume that air contains 23 % oxygen by mass and 77 % Nitrogen by mass. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES (RAM's) ARE:‘THERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 #TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM SURNAME & INITIALS REG.# _— QUESTION 4 [25 marks} 4.1 Balanced equation: CHO +30; =2C0:+3H,0 © Proportion bymass : — [ 12x2 + 1x6 +16x1] + 3x32 = 2x 444 3x18 @ 46+ 96 = 88454 Divide through by 46: | +96/46= 88/46 + 54/46 @ > LkgC:H:O requires 96/46 kgO. @ | = A/Fratio = 2.087/0.23= 9,074 /1, @) 421 Constituent | Mass of constituent Combustion Equi O; required (kg/kg fuel) (kg/kg fuel) c 0,82 +0; 3CO, 32/12 x0,82=2,187 @) | H 0,08 2H: + 0; 92H:0 32/4x 0,08=0,64 @) 0 0,03 0,03 ® x - - ‘Theoretical min O; required = 2,797 kg/kg fuel_G@) Hence, min mass of air = 2,797/0,23@)= 12,16 kg air/kg fuel @) But 30 % excess air is supplied, therefore actual air supplied = 12,16x 1,3= 15,81 kg air/kg fuel @ Air supplied /sec = 0,19 kg/s x 15,81 kg air/kg fuel@) = 3,01 kg air @ RT, @=> Volume = mRT/p = 3,01 x 0,287x (18+273)/ 100 @)= 2,51 m/s @ Now PV ‘Therefore volume of air taken in by fan/sec = 2,81 m'/s (2) 42.2 Excess O; = 0,23 x (15,81 -12, 16) = 0,84 kg O:/kg fuel _@ Total Nz in products = 0 + 77/100 x 15,81 = 12,17 kg Na/kg fuel_@ (8) Wet Products Mass ‘% Mass Ukg/kg fuel] CO; © (44/12. x0.82=3,01 @ | 17,98% 1:0 ‘9x0,08=0,72 @® |430% ‘Excess O; 0,840 @ |5,02% | Total Nz 12,17 @© | 72,70% [TOTAL 16,74 @® | 100,00% ©THERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM ‘SURNAME & INITIALS + REG.No: QUESTION 4 [25 marks] 41 421 i tne mC hmmm te Cl es er ea eiesire Theoretical min O. required = ve Mi‘THERMODYNAMICS |I (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM Q3 [25] 3 superheater Evaporator 2 —— Generator ‘conomiser Turbine condenser. 5 ™~ condensate extraction pumy 1 Feed water pump 6 Hot well, &%=OO@OO ral Layout of a Steam Plant 3.2 m,= 7560 kg/1,5h = 5040 kg/h (or 1,40 kg/s) feedwater specific enthalpy, hy= hq at 49,5°C =207kI/kg = © superheated steam enthalpy, hy=h,=3090 kJ/kg ...from Steam Chart at 1800 kPa & 325°C @) Now, = m,(hy-hi)/mrx CV =0,80 @= _5040 (3090-207) © m,x 45 500 and m= _399,2kg/h_ [ANS] @ The specific enthalpy of the exhaust steam = het xhg= 491+ 0,982211) @ . from wet steam tables at 180 kPa = 2657,8 kJ/kg © Hence, specific enthalpy drop in turbine= 3090-2657,8 432,2kI/kg__@ Hononesineiinit iid eid iii a a III AO‘THERMODYNAMICS II (TEMO 021 +TEMO 128): JULY 2018 SUPP EXAM 3.3 HEAT POWERS UTILIZED Economizer: Specific enthalpy of feedwater leaving economizer, hy = ha at 99,6°C = 418 kI/kg OS =m (heh) = 1,4 (418.207) = 295,4Kw © Evaporator: hs=hs+xshg © = 885 + 0,98 x1910 = 2756,8 kJ/kg... 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