nD Sf ff 4 GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE 1.1. BE; POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (page 3) be Affirmative Negative Question Short answers Yes,lam. am from Indiana. | ‘mnot from Florida. Am I late? No, Fm not e/shevit from | Yes, hei He/She /It ismyroommate. | ‘snot myboyfriena. | he/she fi s, he ts Indiana? No, he isn’t r | Yes,thi You/We/They | areclosefriends. | ‘renot close friends. | AY@ they you es, they are. neighbors? No, they're not. A Complete the sentences with the correct verb or possessive adjective. Use contractions where Peopleusuallysay: __Youcanalsosay: possible. you're not youaren't 1 Were students ur we'renot wearent names are Marc and Belinda theytenot helsheitisnt 2 Hesie from Scotland he'sshe'st’snot helseitisn't His name is Ron, 3 |m/am Colombian, but____my__ mothers from Brazil 4 They re/ are inthe classroom, __Their__ teachers Emily. 5 His names Mr. Brinkley. He's /is the boss 6 Mycity is famousfor____its tacos. 1.2. POSSESSION (page 5) Possession (pages 3 and 5) Subject pronouns Possessive adjectives I my It's my mirror. you your __It'syourbottle he his Its his brush, she her It’'sher gum, we our _It’sourhouse. they their It'stheirumbrella Use whose to ask about possession, We can also say _ Who does this (bag) belong to? Whose is this? Whose bag is this? Possessive pronouns mine _Itsmine. yours _It'syours. his _It'shis hers __It'shers. ours _It'sours. theirs It's theirs. lt’smine Its mine. / It belongs to me. ‘sshows possession _my son's keychain (= the keychain that belongs to my son) 29130 A 24 Gircle) the correct options to complete the conversations. A Who's /Gihos® car is that? West our our. Whose does ths cash belong to? iit your Kfou? No. it’s mine ay sister’. Whose hairbrushGs thid)/ does this belong to? Ws Gy mother/ of my mother. Hey! That's@nind/ my. No, itisnt.itelong/ is to me. Is this foud/ yours umbrella? No, i's Donna (Gonna’s in’ My is re. o wa >o>ar>w> Who's = Whois Who's from Puebla? Cecilia Whose = possession Whose family lives in Puebla? Cecilia’. SIMPLE PRESENT FOR HABITS AND ROUTINES (page 13) Simple present for habits and routines Affirmative Negative 1 sleepforeight | dont sleep much hours. sleeps for six He/She/it [eh doesn’t sleep much You/We/sleepforseven. dont sleep much Information questions Where does he study? Why do we have homework? How do they get to and from work? How many hours do you sleep a night? Use the words to write simple present sentences. 1A What time / your daughter / get up / on the weekend? What time does your daughter get up on the weekend? B She/ usually / get up / very late. She usually gets up very late, 2A Howoften / you /ride to work / together? How often do you ride to work together? Does she sleep a lot? Do you sleep a lot? Question Short answers Yes, she does, No, he doesn’t. Yes, we do. No, they don’t. Time phrases Every day/evening/week/month ‘On Monday / the weekend In the morning / the afternoon / the evening B_We/ always / ride to work together, / but / Laura / not drive. We always ride to work together, but Laura doesn't drive. 3 A How often / watch TV / on the weekend? How often do you watch TV on the weekend? B_I/not/ watch TV / on the weekend. I/ watch TV / every evening after work. I don’t watch TV on the weekend. |watch TV every evening after work.Sf ff 4 2.2. THIS / THAT ONE; THESE / THOSE ONES (page 15) A 3.1 Gircié) the correct words to complete the sentences. Then match the questions (1-6) and the answers (a-f). 1 d a That(one)/ ones costs $245, 2 e b Then use these one /Gned 3 b © Yes, they are, 4 (those) « No, that(one) ones is my coffee. 5 What's(haty these / this over there? f € No, please use that(ene/ ones. 6 How much does(thaty/ these / those phone cost? a f Idon't know what(haty these / those. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (page 23) Present continuous Affirmative Negative Question Short answers ' ‘mm winning ‘mot watching the game, You/We/They ‘regoing tothe gym. ‘renot playing well. Arethey winning Y°s'*hey are No, they aren't. He/She/tt ‘slosing ‘snot having a Isitraining? Yes, itis ‘good game. No, itisnt Complete the live-feed events with the present continuous of the verbs in parentheses. >ORTS \ /E Use the words to write sentences. Use the present continuous of the verbs. The people / leave / the stadium The drivers / start / their engines What / the coach / do? It/rain / but / the runners / not stop The winner / smile / and / cry 7 He/run/ with the ball 8 The fans / wear / team hats My favorite player / not win / any games at the moment The people are leaving the stadium. ‘The drivers are starting their engines. What is the coach doing? {t's raining, but the runners aren't stopping. The winner is smiling and crying My favorite player isn’t winning any games at the moment, He's running with the ball ‘The fans are wearing team hats. or132 3.2 SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS (page 25) A Read the conversations. Complete the sentences with the simple present or present continuous of the verbs in parentheses. 1A What are you doing (you/ dor B I'm waiting for my friend, 2A Does he gotoa gym? B Yes, he does (do), 3A Canyoutalk now? B No, | can’t. im driving (drive) 4A You aren't listening (not / listen) to me! B Sorry, 'mwatiching (watch) the game. 5 A What are youreading (you/ read)? B It’sabook about exercise. 6 A Mom! Ben is kicking (kick) me again! B Stop it, Ben! 7 A Why areyoulying down (you /lie down)? B Because I'm tired 8 A Hurry! The game statts in two minutes. B I 'mcoming (comel! 4.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE PLANS (page 35) Present continuous for future plans Affirmative Negative Question Information question Comic Coniscoming He isn't selling ‘Are you going to c ing later? here this weekend. anything, Comic Con? What are you doing late A _ Use the words to write sentences about future plans. s Present continuous for plans usuall Use contractions when you can. ka ¥ includes a future time expression. What are you doing tomorrow? My cousin's playing ina concert next Saturday. We're going tothe beach on the weekend. 2 I/go toa concert / with my best friend tonight. 1'm going to a concert with my best friend tonight. 3. you/ play video games / with your friends later? ‘Are you playing video games with your friends later? 4 We /watch our team /at the stadium on my birthday. We're watching our team at the stadium on my birthday. 5 We /not go /to the pool today. We're not going to the pool today. 1. My cousin / play in a concert / next Saturday. 6 She / not go to the game / this weekend. She's not going to the game this weekendnD Sf ff 4 4.2 OBJECT PRONOUNS (page 37) ‘Subject pronoun Object pronoun lwe me/us They buy great gifts for me / us. you you lim getting a special gift for you. he/she / they him / her / them {im seeing him / her / them tomorrow. it it This is a great gift! love it! A Gircle) the correct options to complete the conversations. 1A We're having a party on Saturday. Do you think John would like to come? Why don’t you ask her Khim)y me? My grandparents are visiting us right now. ‘Oh yeah? Please say hello to him / us Athen) for me! |s your brother coming to my party this weekend? Yes, hei And he's bringing a special gift fr him it (God. Do you like soccer? Do | like soccer? I love them / you /(tt My mom is starting a new job next week. Really? Tellfhen/ him / you good luck! Can |ask her/ us (Youa question? Yeah, sure thing. What do you want to ask? Brera rear>arae 5.1 SIMPLE PAST (page 45) ‘Simple past of be Affirmative Negative Question Short answers I/He/She/It was cool wasn'tloud. Was it fun? Yes, twas. / No, it wasn't Yes, they were. / No, they u were pert weren't prou Jere they crazy? You/We/They were perfect. ren’t proud. Were they crazy? | ara Simple past Regular verbs: verb +-(eld Irregular verbs learn >learned love +loved do-did have>had visit > visited study studied go >went hit >hit A. Complete the texts with the simple past of the verbs in the box. arrive be hate miss notremember walk want remember my first day of school. It was just horrible! P___ hated __ every minute of it! My oldersister? walked _with me, but she* didn’t remember the way, owe got lost. Finally, we* arrived, but we were very late.|really* missed _my momand dad, All day, | just 7 wanted to go home. 133134 5.2 SIMPLE PAST NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS (page 47) Simple past negative and questions Affirmative Negative Question Short answers Wee autetresene Sty Dtey ed Information questions What did you study? Why did she retire? When did they get married? Who did youtlive with? Where did he come from?__ How many children did they have? A Use the words to write questions about when your partner was a child. Ask and answer the questions in pairs. 1. What /eat? What did you eat? 2 Where /live? Where did you ive? 3 When / start school? When did you start school? 4 What / watch on TV? What did you watch on TV? 5 What games / play? What games did you play? 6.1 BE GOING TO (page 55) be going to + verb Affirmative Negative Question Short answers am/‘m going to 1 save money for a am/'mnot going Amligoingtosave Yes, 1am, wi a i few bike towastemoney. _ money No, I'm not: iss going to is/'smot going to _ Is she going to sell i buy her mom a Yes, she is. He/She /It seethe movie with | some of her old birthday present at £* clothes online? No, she isn’t the mall f e Yes, they are. You/We/They | 2/fegoingtode are/renotgoing _Aretheygoingto Yes, they are alot today. to save money. shop online? No, they aren't Information questions Who am | going to go shopping with? What is she going to buy? Where are you going to meet them for lunch?nD Sf ff 4 A 6.2 7A Complete the sentences with the correct form of be going to and one of the verbs in the box. buy come get married have liedown —_not have 1. The big sale starts tomorrow. Are you ‘going to come with us? 2 I'm tired afterall this shopping. I'm going to lie down fora while. 3 We met at the grocery store, and fell in love. We ire going to get married in November. 4m working all day Black Friday. Im not going to have time to buy anything! 5. My brother is buying baby clothes. His wife is going to have a baby in three months 6 You found the car you want already? When are you going to buy iv DETERMINERS (page 57) Determiners Things or people in general__ Specific things or people With pronouns Allsales clerks are friendly. All (of) the sales clerks here are friendly. Allofus/them . {& sales clerks in general) the sales clerks in this store specifically) Most stores have good sales Most of the stores in town have good sales sao. or them con Black Fri. on Black Friday. Many stores aren shopping jfany ofthe stores in this mall are expensive, Many of them Some people don't like Some of the people in my family on'tlke gos oeug shopping shopping None of the customers who shop here like No customers ike high prices, oO 7 None of us/them .. Gircle) the correct words to complete the sentences. Many oP Many the good stores in my town are at the mall (ost) / None stores have special carts for young children. 3. Onthe day before a big holiday, none /Gi)the lines at the grocery stores are very long. 4 None of /(Someprices in grocery stores are better at the end of the day. 5 Many oP)/ None the stores have sale ads in their windows QUANTIFIERS (page 67) Count nouns ... Non-count nouns ... have a singular and plural form, do not have a plural form chili_chilies vices rice Use a/an for the singular. do not use a/an, achili atice rice Use some with plural nouns in affirmative sentences. use some in affirmative sentences. Id like some chilies. late some rice. Use any in negative sentences and questions. Do you have any chilies? I didn’t eat any tice. I don’t have any chilies. Did you eat any rice? 135136 7.2 81 GD ne correct words to complete the sentences. 1 leat afew /@littl® chocolate every day. 2 Idon’t have many /faucB)time to cook. 3. | try to eatGom@)/ too much ruts and vegetables every day 4 | likeGome)/ a litte spicy dishes, but | don’t eat them every day. ‘Too much /(nany)sweet things are bad for you. 6 Iknow how to cook’ not many dishes because | love cooking, Are the sentences in exercise A true for your If not, change them to make them true for you. VERB PATTERNS (page 69) verb + to + verb verb + verb + -ing I prefer to eat at food trucks. | usually can’t stand waiting in line. ove to try new food | don’t mind waiting here. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. My brother can't stand being ___(be) in the kitchen because he doesn't like the smell of cooking 2. I'mgoing to goto the beach next month, sol want __tolose__(Iose) some weight before then, 3 Weloveto cooktogether,sowehope __toopen _(open) a restaurant someday! 4 Idon'tenjoy cooking _(€ook) because it takes a lot of time. 5 Don'tforget___togive __(give) me your recipe ~ dinner was delicious. IF AND WHEN (page 77) Statements You can put when at the always stay in a hotel near the airport when | travel for work. besinning ornthe middle of t If want to explore the city, | use a good online guidebook fae Questions Il late for work, Hake a taxi = When you travel, do you usually go by plane or by train? ‘take atx ifm late for work You can use when for fand the meaning doesn't change. When Im late for work, take a taxi = ‘ake a taxi when I'm late for work Do you take a tax’ if youre late for work? Rewrite the sentences with if or when in the correct place. 1. mon vacation, | love to go to the beach. (when) When I'm on vacation, Ilove to go to the beach. 2. We often go to the park the weather is nice. (if) We often go to the park if the weather is nice 3. I'malways nervous | travel by plane. (when) 'm always nervous when | travel by plane. 4 can, lalways prefer to stay in a modern hotel. (f) can, lalways prefer to stay ina modern hotel.nD Sf ff 4 8.2 GIVING REASONS USING 70 AND FOR (page 79) 91 9.2 Giving reasons using to and for to+verb tohavelunch —_totakeashower to catch a bus for +noun forlunch fortheexperience for a shower So, Joao, why are you going to Lima? To visit Cuzco. And for the experience. It's an amazing trip! Write to or forto complete the sentences. 1. Next weekend I'm going to Lima for ajob interview. 2. Last week I visited my grandmother to interview her for a school project. 3. Tomorrow |'m going shopping __for/tobuy _ some new clothes. 4 im meeting my bestfriend later today to talk about our vacation plans. 5 I'm going to the library to study. It's too noisy at home! 6 My parents never come to my house for special events and celebrations. | always go there COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES (page 87) Comparative adjectives cold » colder than) wet > wetter (than) adjectives endingin-y:-y->-iadd-er friendly > friendlier (than) long adjectives: more or less + adjective _ important » more important (than) » less important (than) good » better bad » worse short adjectives: add -er imegular adjectives Use the words to write sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives. 1 She/be/happy//in her new job/inher old one, She's happier in her new job than in her old one 2 She /have / interesting / earrings / me. She has more interesting earrings than me. 3. Your new scarf /be / nice / your old one. Your new scarfis nicer than your old one. 4 Ineed a belt / that / be / big / this. Ineed abelt that is bigger than this. 5 Your shoes /be / dirty / your shirt Your shoes are dirtier than your shirt. 6 Heis/tall/ his father / now! He is taller than his father now! SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES (page 89) ‘Superlative adjectives short adjectives: add -est young + the youngest adjectives ending in-y:-y >i, add -est funny » the funniest long adjectives: most + adjective important » the mostimportant good» the best irregular adjectives ‘gularad bad» the worst 13710.1 Complete these fun facts with the superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses. 1 Theworld’s longest _ (long) mustache is more than four meters long 2. There is an international competition for the world’s best (good) beard and mustache, 3 The biggest __ (big) hole ina pierced earis 127 millimeters wide. 4 ‘The most expensive (expensive) earrings in the world cost $574 million. 5. An Indian man holds the world record for pulling the __heaviest_(heavy) things with his beard. HAVE TO (page 99) have to + verb Affirmative Negative Question Short answers havetocleanthe don’thavetoeat — Doyouhaveto _Yes, you do. VYou/We/They | decks inthe lunchroom. | eat at yourdesk? No, you don’t. ‘ Yes, itd He/She/It has tobe very doesn'thaveto _Doesithavetobe Yes, it does. clear. stay outside. soloudin here? No, it doesn't Complete the sentences with the correct form of have to or a short answer. 1A How many classes do youhave to go (you go) to each week? BI have to go (go) to my English class three times a week. 2A Doyouhave to work {you workin the evenings or on weekends? B No,we don't. But sometimes we have to study (study) for tests then. 3A Doyouhave togive (you give) your homework to your teacher online? B No,|_ don't ___.Butl_havetohanditin _(handitin) on time! 4 A Does your teacher have to correct: (your teacher correct) all your work? B Yesshe does She hastodo (do) lot of work outside of class. 10.2 MAKING PREDICTIONS (page 101) Making predictions Affirmative Negative Question Short answers I/He/She/ will will not / won’ Yes, I It/You/We/ might catchacold, WEROE/Wont Wit youbeoK? 8!" catch acold No,| won't They may Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1A college /finish / soon / you / Will Will you finish college soon B finish /1/ might / this / year I might finish this year 2A after /do / graduate / What / will ‘you / you What will you do after you graduate B_an/become / engineer /1/'l/ probably Ilprobably become an engineer 3. A boyfriend / get / married / to / Will /you / your Will you get married to your boyfriend 138 When you aren't sure, you can use possibly or probably before the main, verb. Youll probably feel stressed. Youtl possibly feel stressed. You can also use maybe at the beginning of the sentence. Maybe Il go out with fiends after work.nD Sf ff 4 B get /'I/ married / Maybe / in a few years / we Maybe we'llget married in a few years 4 A do/'ll/retire / think / When / you / you When do you think you'll retire ? B be/before/I'm/won't/65 /It tt won't be before Im 65 11.1 PRESENT PREFECT FOR EXPERIENCE (page 109) Present perfect We use the present perfect to talk about experiences. We form the present perfect with have/has + past participle. For regular verbs, the past participle looks the same as the simple past (played, called). See the inside of the back cover for alist of irregular verbs. Affirmative Negative Question Short answers 1/You /We/ havel've changed haven't changed | Have you(ever)_‘Yes, have They my password. my password joinedagroup. No, we haven't. has/'sjoined a hasn'tchanged —_ Hasit (ever) Yes, ithas. He/she/It group. his password. snowed in July? No, it hasn't. A Complete the conversations in the present perfect. ‘ever = any time up tonow 1A Vverhave ever added __ (add) anyone as hewyoucversensroun a friend on social media, but 200 people* have added eee (add) me. * Have you ever added (add) never notever someone as a friend? fvenever been to Peru B No.4 haven't _, because Ive /have never opened (open) a social media account. 2A% Have youever___built__ (build) a website? B YesI?___have__.#ve/havebuilt’ _(build) three websites! 3A I? velhave never changed _{change) my password. B That's dangerous! 11.2 PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE PAST (page 111) Present perfect and simple past Use the present perfect to talk about past experiences when you don't specify when they happened. Use the simple past to say exactly when something happened. Questions ‘Answers Have you ever been to China, Yes, have. When did you go there? went last year Ive never posted a video on social media. Have you? _ Oh, yes. I've posted videos lots of times. A Read the sentences and write the present perfect or simple past of the verb in parentheses. 1A Thismorning,|____made _(make) a video of myself singing. | want to upload it to my social media page, but lve /have never done (never do) that before. Can you help me? B Ask Ryan.He’s/has uploaded _ (upload) lots of videos. I've / have never made (never make) a video before. 39140 2A Have you ever felt (ever feel) lonely when you're at school, far away from your family? Sure.|really missed __(miss) my mom yesterday, so|__called_(call) her. I'm going to eat at Marcella's downtown tonight. Really? Have you seen _ (see) the prices on their menu? No! went (go) onlineyesterday and __ searched __(search) for nice local restaurants. Have you (ever) eaten (you eat) there before? B_ No, never, It’s really expensive. >o>e 12.1 QUESTIONS WITH BE LIKE (page 119) Questions with be like Use questions with what + be + noun + like to ask for a description of something, Simple present What's the weather like? It's cold and windy. Simple past What was the party like? Itwas great! Future What will the course be like? It'll be hard work! A Write the words in the correct order to make questions. 1. like / was / what / the / music /? What was the music like? 2. what /like / new /'s/their/house /? What's their new house like? 3. was /father / what /his / like /? What was his father like? 4 food / the /like /be / what / will /? What will the food be like? 5 the /like / was / movie / what /? What was the movie ike? 6 will /like / test / the / be / what /? What will the test be like? 12.2 RELATIVE PRONOUNS: WHO, WHICH, THAT (page 121) Relative pronouns: who, which, that Use who, which, and that to introduce new information about a person or object. Use who and that for people. | know the people who live there. | know the people that live there. Use which and that for things. Ike the plants that grow there. _| ke the plants which grow there. A Combine the two sentences using who, which, or that. Make any other changes that are needed. 1 [live in an apartment. My apartment is near the park, Live in an apartment that is near the park. 2. There are mountains in the north, They have snow on them all year. ‘There are mountains in the north that / which have snow on them all year. 3 He works at the ski school. Itis in the mountains near here. He works ina ski school that / which isin the mountains near here. 4 Those are my neighbors. They live in the house next door to us. ‘Those are my neighbors who / that live in the house next door to us. 5 Thisis the house on the coast. We rented it last year. ‘This is the house on the coast that / which we rented last year, 6 These are my friends from college. They came with us to the concert. ‘These are my friends from college who / that. came with us to the concert.