import numpy as np

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score

data = pd.read_csv('Housing.csv')
data.head()

data.tail(5)

print("Rows and Columns of the dataset :- ",data.shape)

data.info()

data.columns

data.isnull().sum()

categorical_col = ['mainroad', 'guestroom', 'basement', 'hotwaterheating',

'airconditioning', 'prefarea']

data[categorical_col]

def binary_map(x):
return x.map({'yes': 1, 'no': 0})

data[categorical_col] = data[categorical_col].apply(binary_map)
data[categorical_col]

dummy_col = pd.get_dummies(data['furnishingstatus'])
dummy_col.head()

scaler = MinMaxScaler()

col_to_scale = ['area', 'bedrooms', 'bathrooms', 'stories', 'parking', 'price']

df_train[col_to_scale] = scaler.fit_transform(df_train[col_to_scale])

y_train = df_train.pop('price')
x_train = df_train

linear_regression = LinearRegression()

linear_regression.fit(x_train, y_train)

coefficients = linear_regression.coef_
print(coefficients)

score = linear_regression.score(x_train, y_train)

print(score)

col_to_scale = ['area', 'bedrooms', 'bathrooms', 'stories', 'parking','price']

df_test[col_to_scale] = scaler.fit_transform(df_test[col_to_scale])

y_test = df_test.pop('price')
x_test = df_test

prediction = linear_regression.predict(x_test)

r2 = r2_score(y_test, prediction)

y_test.shape
y_test_matrix = y_test.values.reshape(-1, 1)

data_frame = pd.DataFrame({'actual': y_test_matrix.flatten(), 'predicted':

prediction.flatten()})

# Display the first 10 rows of the DataFrame

data_frame.head(10)

# Create a new figure

fig = plt.figure()
# Scatter plot of actual versus predicted values
plt.scatter(y_test, prediction)
# Set the title and labels for the plot
plt.title('Actual vs Prediction')
plt.xlabel('Actual', fontsize=15)
plt.ylabel('Predicted', fontsize=15)

from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error

mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, prediction)
print("Mean Squared Error:", mse)

from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsRegressor

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
knn_model = KNeighborsRegressor(n_neighbors=5)
knn_model.fit(x_train, y_train)
knn_y_pred = knn_model.predict(x_test)
knn_mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, knn_y_pred)
knn_r2 = r2_score(y_test, knn_y_pred)

print(" Mean Squared Error:", knn_mse)

print(" R-squared:", knn_r2)

dt_model = DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=42)
dt_model.fit(x_train, y_train)
dt_y_pred = dt_model.predict(x_test)

dt_mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, dt_y_pred)

dt_r2 = r2_score(y_test, dt_y_pred)

print(" Mean Squared Error:", dt_mse)

print(" R-squared:", dt_r2)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

algorithms = ['Linear Regression', 'KNN', 'Decision Tree']
r2_scores = [r2, knn_r2, dt_r2]

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.bar(algorithms, r2_scores, color=['blue', 'green', 'red'])
plt.title('R-squared Comparison')
plt.xlabel('Algorithm')
plt.ylabel('R-squared')
plt.ylim(0, 1)
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.scatter(y_test, knn_y_pred, color='blue')
plt.title('Actual vs. Predicted Median House Value')
plt.xlabel('Actual Median House Value')
plt.ylabel('Predicted Median House Value')
plt.show(

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.scatter(y_test, dt_y_pred, color='blue')
plt.title('Actual vs. Predicted Median House Value')
plt.xlabel('Actual Median House Value')
plt.ylabel('Predicted Median House Value')
plt.show()