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    4 views210 pages

    Maths Solution II Sem

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    Amrit Sapkota

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Volume - Il _ eee ee For B. E. First Year / Second Part Civil, Electronics, Computer, Electrical and Mechanical, Agriculture, Industrial and B. Arch a with Examination Questions &L Solutions Ganga D.C. Rajendra Paudel Arun Bhandari Narayan Prasad Adhikari Heritage Publisher & Distributor Put. Ltd. Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Contents Exercise - 1 4 Exercise -8 Exercise -9 ae, Tiers 2A SS ee 161 Exercise $$$ Book : A complete Solution of cs Te ee ae Engineering Mathematics LA a 3 oan Exercise = 1 memeneee ea 18 Publisher. : Heritage Publishers & Distributor Pvt. Ltd, Mitre See eee ig Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 4221291, 422970 email: hpdbooks@nte.netnp © + Publisher and Author Edition + 2013 Beecse 7 Saale) Revised edition : 2015 Exercise - 18 ae Price + Rs, 375/- “ x Computer —_:_ Heritage Desktop Rveceite 18-2 ERE ae aet sere 26 4 Boecciss 2] eee enue Teta Exercise - 22 ioe Spee iver 2p hay Hierctsgw 29 SE a WT Exercise - 26—-n--w-w- 352 Exercise - 27-————--— eee ee ee oe Exercise - 28-—--———_____—_-_. ci Exercise « 30mm ag Exercise - 31. 4h TOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Regular——————____. 405 JOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Old Back-——— 409 alculus of Several ct w= ffx, y) be function of two independent variables x and y. If we keep constant and x varies then u becomes a function of x only. The derivative hiv with respect to x, keeping, y as constant is called partial derivative of u 14. wand itis denoted as Bm cyte The process of finding the partial differential coefficient of u wart. x’ is that jf ordinary differentiation but with the only difference that we treat y as -onstant similarly, the partial derivative of u wart. y keeping x as constant is denoted by Let u=ffx, y)then 2 and 2 being the function of x and y and so these oe By an be differentiated further partially with respect to x and y. symbolically a #t a Of, fa or, :i or, SE ots fs Ifu= fx, y) and x= $0, y= Then, du. ou de, ou ao kT Oy at Itu= fey). The the total differential of is defined as Homogeneous funtion Bt ge ‘Afinctions= fi, 9)oftwo independent yarabesxandyissidtote J &*™ ax &* By omogenos felon of degen If can be enpremed sbeofibe {a= fle 9) =O be implicy function then aaa or x F u=xg(2) oru , (2) a fy x ty meget. y For example { ; onsider the function ncrements eee if fx, ) bea function of two variables x andy and let Ax and Ay be increments of x and y respectively, then the increment Au of u= f(x,y) is Au=f(x+Ax, y+ Ay)- £0 9). Maxima and minima A funetion f (x,y) is said to have a maximum or minimum at (a,b) vecording as f(ath,b+k)£(a,b) {or all positive or negative values of h and k. wl + 2hxy + by? is homogeneous function of degree two. + Conditions for maxima and minima of the function f(x, y) of two independent variable at a point (2, b) Euler's theorem on homogeneous function of two independent |, For maximum value at (a, b) variables. (@ £.=0,f,=0 Statement ©) fecfy Ul)? 0 Ifa= f(x,y) be a homogeneous function of two independent variables x a and fy <0 y of degree n then For minimum value at (a,b) xB yy he @) £=0,f,=0, & Yay" (0). fa fy ~ (bo) > O and fe, > 0 \.Nomaxima, no minima or sade points @ f= 9, 5-0 ©) faa by —(fo) <0 1. Noinformation @ f=0, ©) fos fy = (fs) 4+ Condition for maxima and minima ofthe function f(y, 7) of three independent variable ata point (a, b,¢) |. "Formaximum value at (a,b, ) () f= 0," 06 (b) fax <0, fax fy — (Eg) > 0 Ealer’s theorem on homogeneous function of three independent variables, e 7 Statement (¥,2) bea homogeneous function of tre independent variables y, and z of degree n then if For minimum value at (a,b,c) (B) fa. ™0, fa fy ~ (fy) > 0 Differentiating (i) p. w.. 1.x, XY — xy £0 (xy) ~ 1 sin (xy) xy — xy 608 (xy) ~sin (xy) Ans. Differentiating i)p. w. rt. y x? {1 =c0 (xy)} Ans. Solution: Let f(x, ) = log (x? +’) it ating i) partially w. rx Solution: Let ffx, y) = tan! 2 Differentiating (i) p. w..t 1 (x+y) 2x-@2+y?)-1 p> eee ee (2H? ° (x+y) +key x242ny-¥? Ang Gay + (eer PieeapeeltE wey eagles gene eay (ty tee y=! (x+y) + (8 +97) = Ans. toe » => WW) rey Solution: Lat x,y) = ear mone Ditfreaing power (2292) 2-2-9?) 2 _ 28 426j7-288 ey? bay? 4 (e+) (ey Differentiating () p. wr (2 +92) (29) 2-9") 27 ey Py 42y3 atx (ey Ans. iraxtya2y? Ans, © simtextby Solution : Let f(x, 9) sin (@x + By) ure @) Differentiating () p. we. 's° 2 F ‘Ans. (ax +byy 5 reat Sena 2 o Differentiating (i) p. w. 8. 1 b 2g Chraaai eae Ans. Find the partial derivative of second orders of the following functions f(x, y) Peseyeoyty Solution: Let x, y)=x°++ 3x’y + Say? +y. w Solution: Let f(x, y)= e947 (D) Differentiating () partially we get, sho eter? axty) Differentiating (i) partially we get, “f= 3x" + Oxy + 3y! 1 fy = Ox + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans. f= 6x + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans f= 3x! + Oxy +3)" o: fy = 6x + 6y = 6 (x+y) Ans. 1 fy = 6x+ 6y = 6 (+9) Ans. etsy? fam 907724 x+y) eve? Ox+y) = exten? (24 x+y) Ans. Fs fg OMY? 1+ Ox ty) eH? (+29) = tear? (14 x+y) (x+2y)} Ans. fm oI? (e429) shyt ome 24 ena? (+29) 6429) = etre? (2+ (+297) Ans pov? 14 (c+ 2y) ee? x+y) Soyer? (14 (¢+2y) Ox + y)} Ans Gi) tog (xy + xy'f Sepals As 9) = W60 Giy wy) = 10) ifferentiating (i) partially we 2 f= Z xy + oh! Gay yy = -¥Gx+y) x+y) _ 2xry Gy) xR TY) Peay x2(xty)? 2x2 +2xy —4x? —4xy—y? xe(x+y) ax Dey? _ 8-2 +2094?) (cy) Bin) e =~ Ans. (x+y) = Bay dt oy Ans. a ele (x+y) 1 (x+y? Sx ier ena «G2 + 2xy) x(x+2y) _ (+29) ayQry) | ¥FY) (e+?) .2- (+29) +29) Petyy Day +2y2—x2 —dxy dy? _ =x? -2ey-29? Peery) Peel _ abery oy? wt SS Solution: Let f(x, y) = PS am Differentiating () partially we get, ene (2-¥)2y-2928 4) a “eee : wR pity ap dat (2-92) +4xy2 (¢-¥) ty) ~ 2x2y (e+yy 24 2ny? x(x? +y? (e+r) (asf 2x a ea eae (@+y2) (e+) 2(y2-x2), (e+e) 4 tux sin (team sin + Similarly, fy = ox Solution: Given u= Et tag! y x Differentiating (i) partially we get, au ay en oan ETT Mulkptying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. we get ou au x xe ye —£, then show that xO gy Ot ng, ey xy orreaip adage apni teeta ey fie ay Ve 2 xO py Ode, RE ty-Gp a0 Proved. (i) Mumxy tye 2xthen show uct uy + ue (ety +2) Solution: Given, u=x°y + "2 + ‘) Ditreiatng parally we see day? want yz eh ae Aan (iD 8 tet Wy t= Day +2! ox? + Dyn ty Hex ext+ y+ 2+ Ixy + 2yz + 2ex it Yy He Gy + 2) Proved, a teu tog SO au yy ou. Then prove that x-i+y-H-=1 (BE 2070 Bhadra) Solution: Given, u=Iog 22. Differentiating (i) partially w. r. to x & y we get, 1 -(x+y) .28- (+4) au Ber Savas (x+y) x+y 2x? +2xy—x?-y? (ey) (HP) » Be tty : (Pe. (eames) S boty) 2y- (ay) wy 2 Dy tdytoxtay? (e+y) G97) a y2+2xyax? ory) (+) ‘Matiplying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. and adding” Ot gy Aa, 84 2xy— ny? y+ 2xy? yx? Xoo” Geos) ee) + Gea) a) wit) 28 xy may? +92 4209? yp? (x+y) (+7) _ Say etyeyte _(xty) (2-0 +y2)+ay (x+y) (x+y) (+94) (x+y) (+9?) _ (+3) (2 -a+y? 49) (242) fey ext) Gay sa By A Tred (0 +9? +22), show that x Wy, =y Ug =z pace erro eeed Gay Ditreniung pei wo 55 k= Poy fatea) y2z= ve (ear ezy “Multiplying equation (i), i and (ii) by x,y,z resp. then we get, XUye™Y Wax = Z Uy Proved. Mus log (e +y'+2— epee ou 1 es ~ a. epee u 3(x? (ays a(y2=) ___3{e-99) Go 32) ‘Adding (ji, (i) and (iv) we get, © Reap a2 x2) 302 +y? +22 ay y+a) (@ayhaa cs) 3 ntiating (i) partially w. r,t x, y, & z resp. we get, 1 2 UGaPREESGA ae az (eye -Inya) atu __ (8 +y8 428-392) .6-3(x2 -y2) 3(0-y2) aoa Ay (HGRA) ocx + xy? +68 By? (8+y2+2 302)" (x +99 +2 3x92)" Similarly, atu, _3fy!=2ay? -2y2) +32x2) dy? (6 +93 +23 -3xy2) atu____3(z4 220-2293 43x22) at pos ‘Adding (y), (vi) and (vii) we get, ' <3 (x4 —2xy3 —2423 + 3y22? y4 —2yx3 —2y23 +322x? ing a ae | easels) OE OM Ba (xb-+y? +23 xyz) == 3 (x! + y" + 24 — 2xy? — xz’ + 3y"z — 2yz? — 23 TU fanaa eectesaetae tary) = xy ye= 2) rere crs 3x2 +y2+2 (xty42) (x2 +y?2+22- upia tay) ° : iy (Zr BB) wee Cad eee (3-4) ery ray (Bap eR Eaae) a a(@-») a en ae ea 3 tea) zy easy (xty+2)? (xty+a)? rags +22) ev 2xyz ep oe es = Gi) & y =) (x+y+2) ot Gray)? Differentiating (i) partially w. r. ty we get, 5.0) tra=t{ 2), ten show na x-2%+y-24 9 i (2) by a yy a) ae Sottion dren u= (2) (2) Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get, av iti tay ig 2 * aee(2).( Pe ey Differentiating (7 partially w, t's we ex, ave nee . agile) ere ee een, i) by x and equation (i) by y and adding ee) se) ev ie hod te(a) tea) = J) Wu tan (y + ax) — (y ~ax)"* then show that, ution: Given, (y+ ax) = (9a)? oarane i) tevezun (2st show tat Dieting) paral wr we 24, ov | atv Ba ee tan) + Sa (yan) Gs Oa | eee (aL pe Eyal iy sat ey? Gi sone: Goya (2) ao may emaee Menasha ms Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. 'y' we get, Differentiating () parialy wr tx we get, a 3 7 Mi Ove SEA af Ags ‘coy Te ra aa Bes, “ 0 ry ce = 2see! (y+ a) tan 9+ x) — 3 (yan). i) 1s Muliplying equation (iby and subtracting i) fom (i) we atu a Piece ea (v) 1f2=$ (+29) + y (cay) then show that 9? 272 = O72 Solution: Given, z= § (x + ay) + W (Ray) vie (@) Differentiating () partially w.t.% We Bet Z =H orm sv em) 2 1 Ze patent yana), Se aes 4 tay)—ay =a" (x tay) +a? y" (x—ay) Matpying equation (i) by and subating (i) om (i) we Oz Ox yy OO ORE ge oe Ee SE ved $0 ef sho the? yoyo ne ee ‘equation (ii), (iii) and (iv) by Pees Itu= proved that Oe are ou, Ou, au Sead Oat ay? Solution: Given, u= a Re syteee oy Differentiating (i) partially w. rt! we et 16 Ot ay? | v , beta, eh Se Pe, m (erp eat inn. DGteyteye oe A, ES gs eae ea per fess} 4 ret (2 ty2ent) 7-30 G2ley? 22)? oe Ww (x2 +92 +23) Similarty, ry. pty. (Pty eat) E -3y2 (Pt y2 2 ey? & +y2+2) au ataytenyr a3 (iteythayr ‘a ami ae (eayteay ‘Adding (ii), (ii) and (iv) we get, 3 (2aytantye =afetevt sa) (x2 ay? 22 (eryezy ve Bh Bo pa Ifx= rcos8. y= sind, then show that YAP SIND soo i) (ii) and adding en onx’ Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. %° we get, ulation: Given x= r e090 2. gers (il, ating = (coe i) eH) Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t.'x' Weget, Bests cov are Ox? (2+y2)? 3 ano = eens a (ery) #0 _ -2xy oF "asa Similarly, Adding (iv) and (v) we get, 0, 80, ty ay Tor aye” (2+ yy (+7) Given ue cos (rsin®) 4 sin (F sind). Differentiating (2) and Gi) p Btn) on 680) 8 e's [- sind . sin (¢ sin®) + cos® cos (r sind) 9 (seme 1. Le cose sind) cos + sn snd). (sind) = re [cos® cos (r sin8) ~ sin0 sin (+ sind)] £0 2 2 : or or rn SE £60) ie i) LB we si sin sin) + 040 co (ind) a Ww) “(8 (e)]: oS Bs 2 SANS From (ii) and (iv) ‘ Hejere te coaue roe DU BY eas net or r x 2" Part B= sin (sin). 6080+ 08 (sn) (sind) = =r" [oos8 sin (r sind) + sin8 cos (r sin6)] + 2 =e [cos0 sin (r sind) + sind 60s (F sind)... (v) j,i = et cos (sind), sind + sin (sind) eM . cosd = [sin0 cos (¢ sind) + cos0 sin (r sin8)].. ee i) L wv a Bra aes i) 2 Similarly, oo es: ‘Adding (¥) and (vi) we. nm 9. ttw=f(e, then prove hat nor Lee. 1 Beto Shs Be (2 Using otc i) we ee aa, Bu = i eortro ba (a ror a tf ‘ex? a -[b+ =| M0 stre Fu (Oe) pu gyy Or Br (FE) 2 Been) (294): tetera: Adding (ii) and (iii) we get, he Bho fUBeaY paces PEs Se + Bh (Bye Sere _s + HMO Sr plb hd in 2 1. Verify Euler's theorem for the following functions. wax f @ t( ) Solution: Were, =x ( This equation is homogeneous function of degre one. Then by Euler's . eas theorems, xy? xMry Mey DBO ce ae ees x Yay Differentiating () partly wrt. x & y resp. we get, - ee Ir GEO I ci oBeoeelS) (a) (2) a yy oe x Nay Hence Euler's theorem verify. +). x (i) w= aw Solutio @ of degree n then by Euler's 9: We have, u= x" tan 4) ‘equation is homogeneous funct theorem, au) ae aa Hage acs abreast vari Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t. x & y resp. we get, om a ae pene a as Solution: We have, u = sin’ Fee +tan! a U is a homogeneous function of degree 0. Then by Euler's ‘theorem au.) du ty <9 y= Rete Ure Differentiating () partly w.. xy resp. we get 2 ‘Multiplying equation (i) & (iii) by x & y resp. and adding we get, 2 yb gy oie axe pice erties NY ee aca ee me trae, vn bbhyy Bho neha Be oan Hence Eluler' theorem verity. (wy uae’ ea Solution: We have, uextsn(-2) ) ‘This is homogeneous function of degree n then by Euler's theorem au au xy enw ox ay. Differentiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, Bea me (Some ( 3) neve z) oneal) ‘Adding ip and (UD, we get, x Bhgy Be ane sil a aia Hence the Euler's theorem verify. al ety Solution: We have, u= — vse(Z}—0 ence, equation (1) is homogeneous equation of degree one then by Falers theorem. yy Bhar.y Bey Bhar, piferentiatng (9 paral w..t.x 2 esp we get +(e) G) ‘Adding (i) and (i) we get, 0 ye ag (Le Some ay of 3) ‘Hence the Eeile's theorem verify. g ow ae Solution: We have, w= — Hence equation ( s homogeneous function of degree wo then PY Euler theorem. ou yy te ag ah Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t.x & y resp. we get, ee) Ge) cos Saag ( “(8 au, y au osu (xh =3 sima from (i c ( a ye) 0 Stead 3-SBL_=3 tan uhence proved. ‘Adding (i and (i) we gat, xB ty Bare (2) -2u (i) ea tog show tat x By Be ay 2 olution: We ave, u=logx xB ey A aoe : ox Vy Hence, Euler's theorem verify, ©) ttu=sin? 2, show tnat x+y =. 2.0 Musa? EP show that x-5-+y-S= Stan U x) -yge(% Gels) 0 ‘Thus ' is homogeneous function of degree one then by Ealer's aa xty a af say RN! re) sins.» 4) ‘Thus, sin wis homogeneous function of degree three then by Euler's theorem, Solution: We have, u= sin“ sin w= sinw_, yp_sinu xo eR Siu. Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get Men Be oe the 1 Cou Bary (2), + Multiplying equation (ii) by x & (i) by y and adding we get, 26 , KF tai wy itso» EAE then how at xbtty Btn (BE 2069, Poush, Bhadra, 2068 Magt Solution: We have, ‘Thus sin wis homogeneous of function of degre zero, Then by Euler's thorem. x-2sinu_, y_2sinw ox ay au au Hence, xB + y Bt = 0 Proved x+y? au, y 20 ) itu= tr show that x ty Solution: We ave, =a? S22 {stan ishomogeneou ition of epee wo. Tenby Euler i gy Ota te, y 2D ren Loven (pail wr. yap. we gt #0(2) 2a) xt ‘Multiplying equation (ii) by x and equation (i) by y and adding we i, 4 oe ae secu BL ty sect sinw Sint _= 2 sin w cosu= sin? w osu . sect oy og lence, x22 + y-2L = sin? u. Proved. Wence, x5 ty = hee Ht cose xotys Show that x24 y= 2 tan, ors 6 lution: We have, w= cosee? X7*¥ > ‘ i z T > oe xt4y new [r} Ou 4 yt = 1 cotu. ira) hon show macs Sty t= 5 Com, (BE2068 Bhadra) 1 = L ceoseeu 6 Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, ~coseéu com—2t. =x yf)” ota bo) ( ay ty +(2) . ee de ‘1h cos w is homogeneous function of degree —-. Then by Euler's = Coseencot Bm x6 «( , fee sae ‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. bho Sree i tne eee y (2) ey F(Z) fe pS he Oa OLE Hence, x- je EN 5 1 $ fan Proved. 1 i = 4 cos.u fiom (i) mu Ok, y Bak cella, Neat Loe ‘Seas cag args ue Bi Owe treet ty Hence, x-Bi-¢y 24. = 5. cotu, Proved a (vii) If w=log (4+ y* +2. Then prove that x22 ayo? bebe Solution: We have, u=log (x? +y? +2") Differentiating () partially w. ou 1 x yey? Differentiating (i) partially w.r..' we get @u__ =x ae 4x ezox (eryt+2) ‘Again, Differentiating ()parally w.r..' we get, (2 sy2+2) yy aan tye (e+yvezy Peay? +z) Multiplying equation (v) by x and (iii) by y we get, eu eu “yen earn Proves 3. Find 2 in the llowing anetins Seor as @ “xbeytet ae Solution: We have, x3 +Y 3 = V enue (i) Differentiating () partially wr.’ we ge, p Wiedysy at de txyty= Hy inf + 2xy+3y? Se = ox + 2ny+3y GE =o tl hay) tL = (6 +29) pee ) (ano Qo" =0 ution! (ian x) + Q)™ E Let F(a x97 YE srr siating (i) partially w-¥.t. andy’ resp. we get i log y sec" BE yan xy! secre y Ai 2 an) fg ty a* log a] te Weloon, = BF oy [nfm seat + yt ony soot ~ | (tan) Tog tan x-+tan x y8e¥-t vy(tanx)"" +logy .y®** rg y jan x= 1 (fan) log tan x +tan x.y iy) by’ =3axy ; iilons We have, x2 + 9° = 3x2Y or ‘ferentiating (partially w.. tx! we Bet, 397M =a SE 431 Ly? —3)=Gay-38) ty. 3y-) dx (ya) fy = A=" ns, ak” yPmax Wy wtytm (x tyr" : olutho: We have, xty*= (x + y)P** Taking logon both sides, 3 log x" Y= log (+ yP"8 or, loge + logy"= (p+ g log (x+y) oF, logx +9 logy ™ (p+ q) log (x+y) Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.'x’ we get, ty Act dye (pe peta. = Peal (iste) capers as ‘f tae re ei a [2-422] Sipiqe Arps Gy (oy x+y 2 1 1 -1 ‘ ey er ay Uy? pelog(xtyyx=e Myatt Wign) Wehave, 2= log (x +y),x=e% y=P—e Deentating w.r. 1. we get, C2e%+3P- 21) yxrl+yF logy ind 12 in the following functions. x) logx xy"! ee xcosy+ysinx, y= +1 ims We have, z=x cos y +y sin x, y=x°+ 1 (i) e+e=ny Difereniating w. 1. We get, fe se BY + cosy. 1 +y c05 x + six Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t. x" ae CD tg ey Lae ox ca sot 2 2x41 C a (0-29) -B =r ~xsiny DL + cosy +ycos.c+ sin fy. 2yne * =o xsin (+1) Qx+ 1) +e08 +1) veer ts + (c+ 1) cose + sinx. 2x+ 1) ‘ee -2x 4 Find -22-in the following functions. 605 (x2 + 1) + (x2 + 1) cos x= (2x? +x) sin (+1) +@x+1)sinx Ans. eae yee yu Osea ter eT 1 t Fels aaa at Solution: We have, z=x°-y',x= Wz tney= Solution: Wehave,2= (+x) 2% y= Hone" (sey) +07(10e) mt & - 6 ifu={(x, y) = x" ~ 2xy + 3y, find the differential du and ct Gu in a if f(x, y) changes from (1, 2) to (1, 03, 1.99). Solution: Given u~ fx y) =X°~ xy +3Y oon Deeenieis 0 paca te PT ee & ‘2y and ay 2x+3 Here x= 1, y=2 dx = Ax = 1.03 -1=0.03 dy=Ay=199-2=-0.01 Now, = Bag Se du a at = Qx-2y) de+ C2x+ 3) dy @x1-2%2) (.03)+C2*1+3)C001) =006-0.01 0.07 Ans. and, Au» f(x + Ax, y + Ay)— f(x, y) = F(1.3, 1.99)—F(1, 2) = (1.03)°2 (1.03) (1.99) +3 (1.99) [18-2 «1243 x2 If w= E(u y) =2°+y" find the differential du and change Au in w if (%,y) changes from hee bib olution: Given w= fx, y) oo) iferentiatng () paral w. xy resp We get, 2 oe and = 1 ase and 2 = 39! Mere,x=10, y= 10 dx = x= 10.1~10=0.1 dy dy=10.1~10=0.1 Now, = BM as Oe dum FE ax 3 dy = 3xdx + 3ydy = 3 * (10)? x (0.1) +3 x (10) * (0.1) 3 « 100 x 0.1 +3 100 « 0,1 = 30 +30 = 60 Ans. And, bum £(x+Ax, y+ Ay) — f(x, ¥) = (10.1, 10.1) -F(10.10) = (10.1)' + (10.1) = ((10y° + (10y"} 1030 . 30.1 + 1030 . 301-2000 = 60,602 Ans. If w= f(x, y) = x7 - 3x’! + 4x - 2y° + 6, Find the differential du find change Au in w if f (x, y) changes from (- 2, 3) to 202,301) olution Given w= ) = x2 ~3x°y!+ 4x2) +6 Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. we get, a ae BY = ayo? + 4and 2 = cy 67 Here, x=-2,y=3 dx Ax=—2,02—(-2)=-002 y= Ay=3.01-3=0.01 = Bdge Now, du= 2 dx+ 2 dy = (x 9x'y' +4) dx + 6x9 —6Y) dy = [2 «C2)-9 « 2) «3? +4) x (0.02) [6% 2) «3-6 xe] x 001) = 632+ 1.98=83 Ans And, w= f(+ Any + Ay) F659) = £002,001) ~f(-2,3) = (€-0.02)'-3 0.02) (0.01) +4 -0.02)-2 (0.01)'+ 6} ~ {27-3 C2) BY +42) G) +6) = 6.08 — (164) == 157.92 ans ‘The radius and altitude of a rigid circular cylinder and measu as 3 inches and 8 inches respectively with possible error i measurement of 0.05 inches find the maximum error in calculated volume ofthe eyinder. Solution: Let the radius of the cylinder = r inches, alitutde of the cylinder = inches Volume ofthe eying We know that, Ve RP Differentiating (D partially wr tr &h resp. we get, me x 2 = 2sthand & = a? Also, given, r=3andh=8 dr = +£0.05 and dh = + 0.05 av the + Now, dv = 2 d+ Sh = 25th e+ ch = 2m (3) (8) (4.0.05) +x GY (+ 0.05) 2a O4SR $2,858 ‘Thus the maximum (Changes = 2.85n =2,85 « 3.14= 8.95 cubic inches V cublic inches, If the dimension in inches of a rectangular box change from 9, 6 and 4 to 9.02, 5.97 and 4.01 respectively. Find the change in volume. Solution: Let i, b, h be the length , breath and height of the box in inches. Let V be its volume VE BW nn) Ditfeentiating () partially w. rt rand h esp. we get, oop, m = bs, = mand =m Also given, 1=9,b=6,h=4 i= A=902-9=0.02 db = Ab =5.97-6 =-0.03 dh=4h=401-4= 001 = © ays & ayy & Now, dy= a+ & ay + 2 am = bh (Al) + th (bo + (ny = 64 (0.02) +94 (-003) +9 x6 (0.01) 0.06 ‘Thus the volume decreases by 0.06 cubic inches, 38 Important I0E Questions and Answers Sort, ‘State Euler's Theorem for a homogeneous function of two independent variables and verify it for the function. (BE 2067, Mangsir) First part : Statement of Euler’ theorem on homogeneous function of two independent varables- IfU= f(x, ) be & homogeneous function of two independent variables x and y of degxen then, xb yy Atay Ox Oy Hence U is homogeneous function of degree -.. Then by Euler's theorem x2 ya ox vay 20 Diff. (i) partially w. ( tox andy resp. (Sot Multiplying (i) and (il) by x and y resp. and adding 30 3ax=0 > y*-ax Solving (i) and (ii) x=0, y=0 andx=a,y ‘The stationary points are (0, 0) and (a, 2) At(0,0) fax, fy=0, fy =—3a Now, fal (fy)? =~ 98? <0 Hence, theres value at (0, 0) no extreme At, (@a) fa 6a, Now, fay and f= 6a>0 ifa>0 and fe, = 6a <0 ifa<0 ence, given function has a maximum or a minimum value at (a, a) if a<0 oF a>0 and the maximum or minimum value, f@a)=a' +a 3a =a) Ans. (i) P4304 15 — 15! +72 Solution: Let f(x,y) =x? + 3xy? — 15Sx2— 15y?4 TOK sane) Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, £,= 3x" + 3y*—30x +72 £,= 6xy-30y f= 6x30 f= 6x ~30 iy For extreme value f= 0, ie. 3x? + 3y?—30x +72 and 6xy ~ 309 = 0 ean (ii) From (ii), Gi 40 “1 Gxy = 30y=0 or, 6y (x-5)=0 x= 5 “Ify=0 then equation (ii) gives, 3x°+0-30x+72=0 => -10x+24=0 > 6-4) (x-6)=0 2 5= (4,6) = 4,0) (6,0) Again, if x= 5 then équation (i) gives, 3.25+3y'—30.5+72=0 3y'-3 yea 2640 «. The stationary points are, 4,0) (6,0) and (5, + 1) AL G,0) fa" 6.4-30=-6 64-30=-6 fy = 6.0=0 NOW, ful ~ (fy) ==6 .~6 =36>0 And fa =-6 <0 ‘Thus the given function has maximum value at (4 0) and ‘maximum value is, 4, 0)= 64 +0- 15x 16-0+72.4 = 64 ~240-+ 288 = 112 Ans, At (6,0) f= 66-306 =66-30-6 Riser Now, fay = (fy)?= 66-0 =36>0 . and f= 6> 0 ‘Thus the given function f(x,y) has minimum value at (6, 0) and the ur val is, 6,0)=6'+0- 1536-04726 =216-540+432= 108 AtG,£1) ‘ . Now, fatby (by) = 0 (4 6)'=—36< 0° and fg =0 2 This fly ~ (Fy) <0 and fee = 0 50 the given function has heither nxima nor minima at (5, + 1) Ans. {. he top ¢ ) won: Let 03) =19 (@=x-y) . Spear elegy Ditteventiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, aepaaeunes From Gi, ya-2x-y © y=0, a-2x-y=0.. Prom Gi) K(Q-x-2y9) 50 Paxe Zing) a a2. 3a-2a 3 ‘ ‘The stationary points ae (0,0) and (- At, (0,0) fae 0, by =O) fy =a Now, fay = (fy) = =a" <0 Hence, there is no extreme valve at (0,0) -y=0 a aa Hence the given function has a maximum or a minimum value at (& : +) ifa> 0 ora<0 and maximum or minimum value i, heer y)- fy 4 ae” fone Now, for extreme value f= 0, f 4x—dy 4x: 4x + 4y—ay! 0 X50 58) + ¢—x) = 84K (x= 1+(-x¥}=0 Eners<6 or, 1+(1=x=0 Q-x¥=-1 a-xy ‘Token from equation y= x — x? =x(l-x) a4 V2 1-2)" V2 ‘The stationary points are (0,0), (y2,— V2) and (- V2 V2) 10,0): fa 4, fy = 4 de: —4 NOW, fos hy ~ (by)? = 4.44)" = 16-16 =0 ‘Henee, the given function has no information at (0, 0) MVE + V2) f= 4-24=~20 fy=4-24=—20 fy--4 Now, faby = Cay) =(20). 20)-C4)'= 400-16 =384>0 Wid f= = 20<0 This the given function f(x, y) has maximum value at (V2, +2) ‘wid the maximium value is, (NE 4 V2 )=2GVE sv2 Y- NT te ea 4-4" 16-8=8 Ans, Wo (r+27-(y- Wo Let ys) ton eed -9-3F ‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.x & y. Now, for extreme value, £=0, =0 420 x92 toad Sy= "he stationary points is (2, 2) Now, At(@2,2) fay ~ (fa)? =-2.—2-(0F * =4>0 df =-2.<0 ‘ence the given function ix, y) has maximum value at (~2,2) and the maximum value is f{-2, 2) = 16-(-2+2)'-@=27° = 16 Ans. = dt dy Let x, y)=8—4x + 4y— Py? “aggre ia 1x & y resp, we get, fe=4-2x Now, for extreme value, f=0, f=0 ie -4-2x=0 3 4-2y=0 Sy=2 2 Swe D0 The sationary points is 2,2) xe iow, AtC2,2) AHO and foaby ~ (Ey)? = (2) (-2)- (OF 0 and, f.=-2<0 ne {he wationary point ae, (0, 0, 0) (1, 0,0) Hence the given function f(x, ) is maximum value at (~2, 2) maximum value is, A-2,2)=8-4(-2)+42-C2y-@)? +8+8-4-4=16 Ans, M411, 0,0) qn 80.1" ~60.1° = 80-60 200 ‘Alon bly = (la)? = 20 * 2— OF = 40> 0 wn (i 28 ja ear es, 4 tu ty fu| |2°9 91 og lution: Let f(x,y) = 282 — 3uy + 4y8= $c (0 ie fy Gel =| 9 - Dittrentatng() partially w-t vx yap we get ig fe | home Hence the given function f(x,y, 2) is minimum value at (1, 0, 0) and oan value is, iets £(1,0,0)=0+0-S.1'+4.1 De tay +4y—ay' =e Baty bao ear ay 2-62 2 hadx—3y = =3x+8y : o fy=8 aM) S+4=-1 Ans, 3 £=0, f=0 ie. 4x~3y= 0 and ~3x+8y=0 4 Let £05, %2) Solving these, we gat x= 0 and y =0. Dura es at x iating () partially we get, 5,Th stationary pois i (0,0 Ox+62, = 4—4y, Ga 6x—12z iow, fa-6 era 8-(-3=32-9 =23>0 Hence the given function fx, y) is minimum value at (0, 0) and ‘minimum value 0, 0)=0-0+0+5=5 Ans, oxtze be 4-4 a, Aolving these, we get, 4-0 yl. 250 ‘The stationary points is (0, 1,0) 2. Examine and find the maximum and minimum of 2, Eyamige and id the maximum nd mininom of Solution: Let fx, y,2) = y+ 224 5x! + 4x8 eee ee, 4 + 20x', f= 2y, = dz (0,150) fa =~ 60%" + 8085; y= 2, fy fu==6<0 =0, fy =0 =0, f=0, f= AlN fx fy (lag)? = 8) 4) — OF Forename Toole 8 fee fo eae ) nee epee fu ty f|_|-§. 9 § = 203? + 20x = 0 a mol oat -6 0 6 0 4 0 |=-6*24=-148<0 0 0 -6 Hence the given function f(x, y, 2) is minimum value at (0,1, 0) the minimum value is, 0, 1, 0)=0+0+4.1-2.17 =2 Ans. Gi) 38-@x+3"-G-9*-@+ DF Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = 35 - (2x +3)'-(y-4)' -(@+ 1)... Differentiating () partially we get, f=-20x+3), §--20-4), far-4 fy “f= 0 fy=0 f-0 5-0 fro For extreme point, £70, 5-0, G0 ie. -2@x+3)=0 axed -2y-4)=0 -2@+1)*0 + Te stationary points ( 3 Now, at(-2., 4, -1) Also, fay = (fy fx fy fe|_|-4 0 0 and|fm fy Ge[=] 0 2 0] =-16<0 Ze ellovs ‘i he cen an ae ($4 ape anes 3 > -') 35- (2-343) aot C14 =35-0-0-0 =35 Ans. Gv) 82428 + 398442 - dry Solution: Let xy, 2)= 82-422 + 39°42 —3xy oa [pilfwentiating (i partially we get, K-3y ‘ fy 3 fy f= 0 fi 3 Vor extreme points, ving these x= 0, y The stationary point is 0,0, N(0,0,-1 fae 4>0 Also, fefy— (Em) = 46-3) 24-9 15>0 3 1a [4 2)-see-» sisine ARR ead eh he tel eeeeriicnicey en ation: Let F(x, 2) 20 Differentiating (partially we ge, The stationary point is (0,0, 0) Find the extreme value for the function x? + y* under the Now, At (0,0, 0) fa Also, fy ~ (fy) ert contion a|s & ie 2 99 Shipton) md l in Sy Gal =/(0. -2, B) = 8<0 Hom (i) and Gi fg De Oe Ma) = (2= Ay) + Yon ii) Hence te given fincin fy, 2) minimum valve a 0,0, 0] Pilleretiaing (Dw. FY we wk the minimum value is (0, 0, ) = 20-00 -0 ME 22 (aay). C4) 4 2y == 16 + 32y +2 20 Ans. ¥ ‘Show that following functions have a minimum at the points ae indicated ye © Sty +? + xyz 0t 00,0) Solution Let 3.2) oe 49h 2 +292 Vor the extreme value =+34>0 0 Differentiating (i) partially we get, f=2y+2x2 f= 22+ 2xy fan 00 2 0/=8>0 02 Hence, the given function is minimum value a (0,0, 0) (x at aye at (1,1, 1D) Solution: Let fx, y,2) =x1 + y+ 2 4392 vai) Differentiating i) we get” > fdr —dayn, f= 4y) dex eats f= I2y ks 289 289 AGC 1.1) Find the extreme value of 48 ~(x~5)'~3(y 4)? Subject to the fa 12.7 =12>0 condition x 3y A Also, fly Ufa)? = 12 (IP 12 (02-4 HF dont Let a, = 48-5) 30-49 aes pores Subject to te condition = 140>0 xy Hence the given function fx, 2) is minimum vale at (1,1, 1) onx= 9-39 Proved 50 From (i) and (ii) Solving these, fy) 48~(0-3y—5)'-3 (4? 2xt+y-1=0 = 48 (4 ~3y)"-3 (y— 4)... iii) Differentiating (i) w. «we ges Fe --24-39).€39)-3.29-4) 4 ~ 18y ~ 6y +24 = 48 ray 5 , ot n_nico dy? For the extreme value, Af. dy rai nom Ad ae i, tence Meany oe ( Hence the given function fix, ¥y) had maximum value at (3, 2)and 1 1 maximum value s Nowa ($,-, ) %3,2)=48-G - 59-3 2-4)" 484-12 =32 ans ae 6 Fiad te extreme ale of28s 7247 wlll Gad =48- GF ‘Subject to the condition x + y +2=1, aug. iP mi Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = x? + ye. @ ‘Hence the given function f(x, y, z) has minimum value at ‘Subject to the condition x + y +2 = ( a +) and the minimum value is, =>z=1-x-y di) 3 From (i) and (ii) F fx y=x+y'+ (1—x—y? i) : Differentiating (i) partly w.r.1'% & rep, we et f= 2+2(1-x-y), C1) = ans by i Es Find the maximum and minimum values of xy? under the condition x+y = 1 6, cf §=2y+2(1-x-y).Cn Solution: Let f(x, y) = xy! i) 2y-242x+2y Under the condition x + y 4y+2x-2. x=l-y Gi From (i) and Gi) fy)=-~py* £=0, §=0 or, fy) = y'—y? Gi) 2kty-1= Differentiating (ii) partially w. 11! we get x+y x42y- ae, dy ar ie. 8y-2xy-y? #0] den? ty — Day — 3 meee 8x—x2~2ry #0 For extreme value is, 2y-3y'=0 or, yQ-3y)=0 sn y=0y= ya From (ii) when y= 0, x=1 eee oad eee ery, aay 3 3 *, The stationary points are, (1, 0) & At (1,0) &t “ay? Hence the given funetion f(x, y) has minimum value at (1, 0) and the ‘minimum value is (1, 0)=0 2-60=2>0 eae 3 te ) Doe 8, Find the maximum value of yz under the condition xtytz= Solution: Let y,2) = YZ none * ‘Under the condition, = BO _(ets=t6 256 xt+y+z-8 3 3 0,2" 8-x-y.. Hence the given funetion f(x,y, 2) has maximum value at From (i) and Gi) a 8 8 fix, y)=xy B—x=y) aa Ore and maximum value is +4) = Bxy—x'y—xy7 Gi) Differentiating (i partially we get (a f= 8x x" —2xy 3 io fyn—2x Find the minimum value of + y°+22 f= 8-2x-2y Subject to the condition x+y +Z—1=Oand xyz+1=0 For extreme value, (BE 2068 Magh) * £= Solution: Let x,y, 2) = X24 97 +2 von 55 Subject tothe condition xty+z-1=0 O94 2= 1X vor i) and xyz+ 1 i Hence the given function fix, y, 2) has minimum value at er ; (1.10 & the minimum value is Now fom () i fh £1 £1) = (+(e + WP =3 Ans ‘toy het es ind the lugx'+ +2! when x+y +2=3a =X 4 (y +2) 292 ‘ Let Jy) + Ye (D ‘Using (ii) and (iii) we get, and the condition is, 2 y+ 2 xtyta=3a See One gt Oe 22 388 HY ni Differentiating (iv) partially w. r.t. x’ restp. we get From (i) and Gi) : af 2 fix, yy x+y" + Ga—x- yy ii) shine i dae Differentiating (i) partially w. rx & ''restp. we get, 2 f,=2y +2 Ga-x-y).G1) rae 2 hear 2y-6a+ 2x +2y =4x-6a+2y ot 3 fund fq "2 a i > ee f,~2y+2G ~y) G1) ae ae 22 Gab ax +2y = 2+ Ay —6a For extrime value is, at « Vor the extreme values: f= 0 and f, = 0 2 - tx+2y-6a" 0) _, 2(@x+y-3a)=0 tar ita ase dx + 4y—6a= 0} = 2(x+2y—3a)=0 ie ea mx +y-3 and x+2y-3a=0 or, 2(-1 +2". ara of, 2x? x7 1=0 ae ae or, 2x) — 2x? +x? -x+x-1=0 oF, 2x7 (K- +x (x= 1) +1 = 1 or, (x1) Qx?+x+1)=0 x-1=0 Sxl Using x~ 1 in (i) and iy geet From (i) z sg The stationary point is (a, Using (v) AMD ao 1 ba = Wd faby~ Cay <0 4—Q) = 16-4= 12>0 RE lence the given function f(x,y, 2) has mininum value a (a a) an ee ee eres A ‘The stationary points are, io ae ee (tht) fla, a, a) 56 7 Important I0E Questions and Answers 1 Sol", Find the extreme value of §= x+y" #2" connected by the relation ax +by +er=p (BE, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Bhadra) Let fx, 2) @ Which are connected by the relation ax + by + te 2 BEBO ay With the help of (i), the function (i) reduces to, fix y cyt Eph Diff. partially, y- 2B (pan —by) 2ab + 2a fan 2 2, by= 242 For extreme values ie (8 +2) x+aby—ap=0=> abx+(b +e) y—by Solving these two equations, we obtain, Patti these to (i) p aabae The stationary points ob apa lp De) = kep.e)) Babee ata beae’ arab oe? by At 4 ‘ (aaa weber 20 2) sas? fay ~ (ba)? «(usb (le at 2 §f22+ Zoo 2 © Hence the given function in minimum at (43) (Aste ATR F 7) and minimum values i, a abrae at abeee arab rec?) 58 ns. (Psetee (Obiin the maximum vale of yz such that x+y #2= 24 (BE.2069 Bhadra) Pabee Lob (85,2) = x92 wn) INthatx ty #224 OF, 2 248—X—Y nore) (i) and i) Mik y) "ry 24-x-y) > fix y) = 2hey—H} ity Diferentaing Gi) partially, we get {= 2My~2xy —¥ 6, = 24K —2ay 2; fy —2x {jpn 24-2K~2y, fy = 24-2 =2y Yor extreme value f, = 0, f= 0 he dy —2xy-¥=0 => y (24—-2x-y) Mx 2xy-¥? A-2x-y=0 Golving them, W-2x-y 24-8-8-8 _ », Thestationary point is (8, 8,8) A (88,8); f= -2.8=—16 <0 - 2(8)} x {-2(8)} ~ (24-2 «8-2 * 8)) 256-64 = 192>0 Wd fay (6) Hence the given function is maximum at (8, 8, 8) and the maximum sue is 18, 8, 8) 512 Ans. ind the minimum value of a? + xy + y+ 32! under the condition x + 2y + de 60. (BE 2068 Bhadra) Leta y,2) 222 tay 92432 ene) W924 2Y 442 600 vn i) We defined, F= f(x ys 2) +204 (x, 52) Where is hagrange's multiplies. Fox taytyi=3z' +h (x42y + 42-60) Differentiating partially, f= 2ney +2, f=x+2y=28, G= 62442 =.= vin there, x (ay \2})” Slug these value of x,y,z in (i) For stationary points, f, Solving these three equation and (i) we have, Twn se ,y~3andz=3 Differentiating (i) and (i f= 2x+y,f=x4+2y, ie The stationery point (3, 3, 3) rating () and (i) partially, o & O Jor o% lt fa fy eters fe by] 21 Is 6 fe 5 re vatue itt (0, 2 2) £100 , 10800, T) 49 1am value of the function F(x, ¥, 2) Sty? when (BE 2069 Poush) mye a: to the relation = 24141. Subject othe relation §= 4+ +5 O vee i) Vience the given function is minimum at (3, 3, 3) and the minimum value Then, F= f(x, y, 2) +24 (% y, 2) where Ais a Lagrange's multiplier. » oh?) b+: oA ( bebe ili yee a(t tet)... Gi) Differentiating (i ‘ ga2- 46, 5 343°+3°=27 Ans primarily w.r.t x,y and 2 respectively we gets, y- 4-2-4 7; For extreme point, F,=0,F,=0,F, 2 gay te it~ A =0,27-4 n0,22-4=0 ¥ y z Multiple Integral he eartesian form, Wx. 9) dx dy... @ med to polar coordintes (i) becomes {ip ((¢c0s0, rsind) de 48 Double integrals Properties of double integrals If (x y) and g (, y) are defined, bounded and continuous in a region the x,y) plane and ifthe region R may be subdivided into two regions Rp MOL InteBealSey and Ry, then, The k fx, y) dxdy = kf x,y) de dy A oglon by Where kis constant Maxey Stn x, 9) 8 Gs, 9) day = Ile fC, y) dx dy + She 0% y) axdy fink Ihe x,y) dxdy = IFp, x,y) dxdy +5), xy) dxdy ee Av =I ded Volume = Ih dxdydz . ¥20 and 2>0andx+y-+2<1 then, 2°! dx dy dz Suppose thatthe region R is described by the inequalities Csy = for + rae = ft nw = 12 Ans om fs acey Solution: Lett= f N= x ded Ce % l 64 x2) V2x=x? dx Pxnx? 1a - ny zat xe La (Nana? ox Le (ox-xffa@x—e)+ fiero? x 2 x a i eny= fate 1 5 Ans » f(Mcreyracey juss Latt= f 0 (x2+y2) dey {[ S27) Jo (ee ay ay 6s pled « fx ena = forme feel fffetayar Solution: Lett f fet ay ax i = fete =e = fxe-n&x =(e-1) fxax 27 “of T= 16-1 Ans. coin, (°° ("7 e7 ax ay Solution : Let = (°* (99 et+¥ de ay . f[ free & Jay = (otter (epty = fle [eee] = [Moe -ergy oat ape [verse] = logs el" = 8 logs 1 =8logh—16+ 6 Ans to fF eb + ayex seimton: Lats f Met +7) 4 - {L157} oJo ate el vel te! ” ‘ fa? ae y? dy dx. ne? [FP ay tx ical fof |aa eee Er Thus, Tafa (x ty? dx dy 02 (2-2)iace4 = f(e-»} a Putx=asind da cos0 d8 When x -> (0, a) then 0 -> (0 5) ac0s0 d2 filet -stsn? of acoso ao at Peos*o.40 ie 2 5. fa [| Evaluate ffry (x + y) dx dy over the area between y = x and yom (BE 2069 Bhadray Solution: Let t= lly Gey) dx dy Here, the area of integration A is bounded by the curve y = x* and y = Solving these, we get x=0, x=1 Hence, T= ff, Gy + xy") dx dy = -s)9] PFs « yex vatuate fla Yay y? dxdy where R is the triangle with vertices a (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1, 1) ms Let =SIn yxy? a dy ‘Here, region of the integration R, i bounded by th tices (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1,1). [Lot the gien vertices be 0, A, anc ¢ traingle with 1d B respectively equation of OA is pn Og 1-8 (x-0) ot @ 4, Evaluate {ix xy dx dy where R is the region bounded by the Equation of OB is aus, the ordinate x = 2a and the curve x= day. as Solution: Let =I xy dxdy y-0= 229. (n-0) Here, the region of the integration, R is bounded by the x-axis and a eee ordinate x = 2a and the curve x*= day > Hence, 1=SIn (xy-¥?P dx dy x-axis which gives x= 0 oy ab Hoes olny dy {[ rbo-rf ole ; “tino i ee thal n 6. cage pes 24 [B.E. 2063, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Magh] Solution: Let I = {jp xy dx dy Here, the region of the integration R is bounded by the area of the ellipse 2 y= NF (the st qua) Hence, x is verres from 0 t0 a and y is veries from 0 to ©. "“ || Evaluate fl, xy dx dy. Where R is the region over the area of the in the first quadrant. Hone, Hla xy dx dy vols t= YO" Ans 8 the region in the first quadrant 16 and the line y= x, y= O and x Hvauate fy? dx dy where Ris tuned by the hyperbola x Wetutions Lot I= fle x° dx dy Hore, the region of the integration R is bounded by the hyperbola xy 16, and the line y = x, y= 0, and x = 8 in the first quadrant i. pointive quadrant Hence x yeti from 0104 nul Yeon oe D0 x Hence, = fax? dx dy = ff peo] ace fff Ja = fle ofee (leo F yf & = (eats few 8 Evaluate fp y dy dx where R is the region bounded by x? + 2y' =4 and the ordinate y = 0, y= /2- Solution: Let I= [ley dy dx Here, the region ofthe integration is bounded by x! +2y? = 4 and the ordinate y=0,y= V2 Wow, x? = 4-297 x= 4-2? Henwe, t= tn y dy dx | ra]o . oiee “fs (Fa 2 fy faa? ay 2 pF (-4y) fea oy <4 Paar} sam) aay? ee ig | 2 [(a-a-(4-0) ] et [o-(#?| 9. Evaluate fy? de d@ over the area bounded between the c Whe region of the integration R is bounded by the aea of the 2cos8 and r= 4 cos cle r= 25 cus above the ntl ine Solution: Let Jnr? dr do Je fhe? sin@ dr do Here, the region ofthe integration R is the are bounded betwa ba circles = sino ae 8 1 =2c0s0 and r= 4 cos0) paca Hence, 1= I? de db | ‘aino| eo 6 | f(2acos0)’ sinage x Ca Initial Line Ans. F valuate the following integrals. sin(0-+9) a0 a9 ions Lett B Bsin(o+4) a0 34 F (sindcosp +costsing) 8 a [fame] = fcostcos¢-sin@sing 4 - [ egout-sngsin-crdnt snag ; 10. Evaluate fhe. eee feeowecns 8 79 i= £8 Ans 20 Ve estnomnal {ly PALA over one loop r= a%eos20. Veber? Lot = [fxs adr Vex the region of the integration R is the bounded by the area over, cos’ or, r= +a Ve0s20 mila =~ [eos sing] =— [cos$-sin 5 -cos0-sin0| =-(-1-1-0) 2) 1=2 Ans, (yf fMrarao sotaion: Lett= fF f°r a] (Pa fils areal 1 o “5 Gin? eae ee i a “i [oosnaey fi{ocrrsoay-] 0 ‘ w 2 [xosntt0 , {sean 00 nH = ans » {i( Vzcose-1) 40 ci ff ftarao Sotuion: Let = ff f° ]a0 ns {visino-0] 1, Change the order of integration and hence evaluate the sa © ff e+ninay Solution: Lett= [eon] Here the integration is first integrated with respect to x horizontal strip. Which varies from x= I to x= J4=y hextmd—y ‘Those of y-varies from y= 0 to y= 3 ‘Changing the order of integration, We first integrated with ‘y along the vertical strip. Which varies from toy=4~x? and those x varies from tox=2 bf @x-2x? + 16-812 + xhax 2 eat ee 4] 4 ah \[-0-Lee-neiea-n-S0-vel2-0] 1 (12-1.416-36431 (2- Goes) [2g =235400- 36016) 2 30 Af? 1(37) 24l Ans, bf, fae ay. bat= fi [sa] Nove the integration is the fist integrated w: horizontal strip. Which varies from x= 0 to x= iptasoy Those ofy-varies from y=—atoy=a to x along the Changing the order of integration we first integrate wrt y along the ical strip. Which varies from 3 y=—Ve? =? toy= Va? =x? ow, tM thse x ares fromx=— Oto x= Herth region OAB splits up into two acs in int two pars by the Tine AL the curvedinar OAL ond tangle ABL- : For the region OAL, x varies from x= Oto x= ay and those for y varies from y= 0 oy: For the region ALB, x varies from x= 0 to x= 2a~y and those for y varies from y= ato et (tf egnc.?¥ 4 * fg 3% 4 ‘oe Solution: uit [g*>»|« Here, the integration is first integrand w.r.t y along the vertic which varies from ie. ay = x’ and those of x varies of tox=a 2y2 a Le ‘Changing the order of integration. we first integrate w.rt x al +i ay ay horizontal strip and than w.r.t_y A Sint ww Solution: ‘Now, Lat= [fs] Here, the iteration is first integrand wr : which varies from y = x to eo 2aees and those x varies from x= 0 t0 x= c By changing the oder of integration, we si the horizontal sip whieh varie fom ens AEX ce and those y varies from y= 0 toy = 2 x=ytox Here, the integration is first integrand wert. y along the vertical strip which varies from y =x 10 y= iey=2—x Sy = 2. and: those x varies from x= Oto x= 1 By changing the order of integration we fis integrand eet x along the horizontal stip and then warty Here, the region OAB into splits upto two parts by the line AL the triangle OAL and curve linear ABL, For the region OAL x varies from x=0to x= y and those for y varies from y = 0 to yal For the region ALB x varies from x = 0 to x = 2—y? and those for y varies from y= 1 to yn 2 =f [Pee Damon JEST * Nee [seezel eh [oe eae (Wr )o- F Lr ( (E-ajrare (2-9) ey |(a1 Solution: Now, taint eo Here the integration is first integrated w.rt y along the vertical strip which varies from y= 0 to y= Vi=x? igymt-x ae and those x varies from x= 0 to x= 1 By changing the order of integration we first integrated w.r.t. x along the horizontal strip which varies from Figure x20tox and those y varies from y=0toy hiate =f vvi-vay Paty sin + dy=cos0d@ Y When y=0 then @=0 y=1 Then 1 sin an cosean F sin’e cos? do 2 Lett= foxy dy dx Here, the integration . is first integrated w.rt y along the vertical strip which varies from y = a toy =x and those x. varies from x= atox=b Changing the order of integration, we first imegrated | wart x along. the horizontal strip which varies x: from x=ytox=b and those y — varies ae from y=atoy=b From figure Be-2)4-o] 2) [e-to%+s] wii ff Foe vai f [esse |e 90 (BE 2068, Bhadra) ‘ore the integration is first integrated wrt y along the vertical strip Which yaries from y = 0 to y =x and those x varies from x = 0 to x= Changing the order of integration, we first integrated w.rt . x along, {he horizontal strip which varies from keytoy=a tid those y varies from y= 0 t0 y=a y mt [tase + [epiel> a “| Bae -2 fh coy ay = afsiny © (sina — sind) = 2sina 16 2sina (yf fxe Y ayax. set [te Here the integration is first integrated w.rt. y along the vertical st love the integration is first w.r.t y along the vertical strip, which ‘which varies from ales fom y=Otoy= x and those ofx varies from x= 010 x= so Changing the order of integration we first integrated w.rt x along horizontal strip which varies from x=ytox and those ofy varies from y = 010 y='2 dy | dx ‘Cling the order of integration we first integrated w.r.t x along the jvontal strip and then wat y Hove, the region OAB into splits upto two parts by the line AL the Wijangle OAL and curve-linear ABL Flor the region OAL, x varies from x = 0 to x= and those y varies fiom y=0 toy = -& For the region ABL, x varies from x = 0 to x= vy? and those varies from y Shep on?"4”%* Shagon anu? -# Yor fe P Py ay BD Puty=asin 6 dy=acos® 40 mini e wen eee when y=a Then @ = 3 0 Va? —2? sin. acosd 40 ‘Here, the integration is first integrated w.r.tx which varies from x = y tox = a.nd those for y varies from y=0 toy =a To change it into polar coordinates, put x= r cos, y= r sin x’ + y?= 1? and dx dy =r dr d0 jin given integral Clearly r varies from r=0tor=r sec® and those @ varies from @= owe-% wo- I= pessoa ~ [irons], sec0d0 FF [cosor Hore, the integration is first integrand toy= Va? ley’ «/ + y'=2? and those x varies from x= 0 to x=a change it into polar wvordinates x= rcos®, y=rsin@ sey'sr and ly dx = dr d0 in the given integral y along the vertical strip. y ne Here, the integration is first integrated wrt y along the vertical ‘which varies from y = 0 y= oo, and those x varies from x = 0 ‘To change it into polar co-ordinates put x =rcas® , y=rsinO 2 dy dx = rdr d@ in the given integral. . Clearly r varies from r= 0 to r= I and those © varies from 0 (Cleary r varies from r= 0 to r= a and those © varies from @ = 0 to & +e0s20 2 4 £ ee £ (1+2.c05 20+ cos? 20) 40 Solution: wett= § CP (a2 ayA)ay ae Here, the integration is first integrand wir. y along the vert toy= Vox-x? (1+2o0sa0+12s0848 a9 E G+4cos20 +cos40)a0 Sit aime which varies from y. iene y yax x aI x (BE 2067 Mangsir) ; si 1 tect 62 f(s2492) aya pee Our Here, the integration is first integrand w..ty eigenen. Sell along the vertical strip which varies from ‘To change it into polar co-ordinates put x =rcos@ and y = Si x + y*=F and dy dx = rdrd@ in the given integral, clearly, r varies from r= 0 tor=2 cos@ and those @ varies or, x' + y= Zax. ‘and those x varies from To change it into polar co-ordinates Put x = reos® and y= rsin® x+y=Pand tox=2a Zw 4 98 dy dx = r dr d® in the given integral ‘Clearly r-varies from r= 0 to r= 2a cos® and those 0 varies =0108 Now.t= B fr2.rdeao ww 1 ey? ay dx (BE 2070 Magh) oe"? Pye ty? dy dx Here, the integrating is first integrated wr. y along the vertical strip which varies from. and those of x varies from x = 0 tox=a, See ) axdy Here, the integration is frst integrand w. xaalong the horizontal strip. Which varies from Put x= r 058 x=0t0x= ya?ay? ‘i and y =r sind and those y vies from y xityter and yd = red in the given integra Cleary, varies from r= 0 to r=a and those 0 varies from 9 = 0 t0 To change it into polar coordinates i To changeit into polar co-ordinates put x= 10080, y=r sind Xt y'=r and dy dx =r dr 49 in the given integra Clearly r varies fromr=0 tor=a and @ varies from 8 = 010 0 = © Now t= B fr? sin'@.r rdrdo 100 101 a [loe(see$ san) -log(sec0+tan0)] = F fe site dr ao = Elser « =F bog (v2 +1) 3, 3 a +1) =o = 2 G(ea28) wo 2° fo * tog (V3 +1)—log t 5 2 10 3 f = © tog(v2 +1)-0 since log 1= 0 1= 3 Ans 3 20 oe 3 city f eset ay Py Solution: Lett= ff [| -E dx dy Rey Here the integration . aS is first integrand wrt xcalong the horizontal strip which varies ya fomx=ytox=a and those y varies 2 1= 5 log (V2 +1) Ans. ( Glows (eae Here the integration is first integrated w.r-t yaalong the vertical strip. Which varies from yn 0toy= V2x-x from y=Otoy ie, x = x? x. z x or, x+y =2x To change it nto and those x varies from x= 0 to x=2 polar co-ordinates ‘To changeit nto polar co-ordinate Putx="cosO and y= Putx=1 cos and y= sind + sind Perey oxit yar and aSt dydx =r dr din the given integral Clearly, varies from r= 0 tora secO and those @ varies from @= 0 won and dy dx =r dr d0 (Clearly, r varies from and those 0 varies from ey vee sotaion Lett= f(A yay ae Here the integration in frist integrted w. toy= vi strip which varies from y and those x varies from x= 0 to x=1 To change in into polar coordinate Putx=r cos & y=r sind aPaxkty and dy dx =r dr d0 104 ty along the vertical a Clearly, r varies from r= 0 to r= 1 and those 0 varies from 0 = 0 ond Nowt= B fr sin’o.rdr do = ff sivacrao Fon? share afc *oy-xy- sive] 1, Evaluate ff (7oc+y+2)dx dy dz. Solution: “ Ts ae Let I= ff [xty+2 dx dy dz ~ £6] Claeys Jaca ogee ae Ufo tea] ae ‘dx. = [frre e1ye Qt Oe? ssteeznoay dx de = ff [zar2nce2e? Jax ae = f faxe+224 dx ae f: {[sftees] ae fee +2P ye = (42%ae -{2 Ie =4pt-of-1 I=. 2. Evaluate iad a ranted Solution: Let I= Ce ae aes ae =| reso Pa Mivaluate f (f° Solutions 5 fr i. Sanaa = AE [Pry ezeirae ay ax ~ fesse? sae aoe bey ad Slate dy dx =e ; i irre: acts eel et code uaF 2b lone a] ty dx Rina (BE 2069 Bhadra) ix dy dz 107 th ‘le ele . ale ees fener” as i “Ht ainl « Seal Eerie ae “(gd sh) ieteceaet a ate Solution: Laie f ea ea ey = f ral oct = ff pi aac = LEP wfc = [Pema Jee ution: 1 fay 3°] iff. F] dx, a | xe? ae. A gat Neerae cles 4 f[ 0-04-58 (sn-"Q)-sin"0} de fresnone= f2a$are af'ade= x] 16 nS = a od Hvaluate ff, (x-2y +z) dx dy dz where is the region bounded by 06 x

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