INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller

INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller
User manual
ABP2011IQE02_C SERVICE CALL CENTERS
03/2020
SPAIN
Ingeteam Power Technology, S.A. - Energy
+34 948 698 715
GERMANY
Ingeteam GmbH
+49 899 965 3825
FRANCE
Ingeteam SAS
+33 820 363 749
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Ingeteam S.r.l.
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USA
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Ingeteam Ltda.
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Ingeteam Pty Ltd.
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INDIA
Ingeteam Power Technology India Pvt. Ltd.
+91 124 420 6495
AUSTRALIA
Ingeteam Australia Pty Ltd.
+61 (0)435 010 872
Ingeteam
INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller

User manual
ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 3

Ingeteam
The copy, distribution or use of this document or of its content requires written authorisation. Any breach thereof will be reported for
damages. All rights reserved including those of patent rights or design registration.
The conformity of the document content with the hardware described has been checked. However, discrepancies may exist. Liability
will not be assumed for total concordance. The information contained in this document is regularly reviewed and it is possible that
there may be changes in subsequent editions. Other functions may be available which are not covered by this document.
This document may be changed.
4 ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual

Contents Ingeteam
Contents
Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. About this manual................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Recipients...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2. Symbols......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Abbreviations................................................................................................................................. 8
2. Unit description.................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Overview...................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2. Models available........................................................................................................................... 11
2.3. Main components......................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1. Terminal blocks for power supply and CT/VT secondaries.......................................................... 12
2.4. Optional accessories..................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)....................................................................................... 13
2.4.2. Optical fiber patch-panels...................................................................................................... 13
2.5. CE marking.................................................................................................................................. 13
2.6. Specification table........................................................................................................................ 14
3. Modbus Communications....................................................................................................................... 15
3.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 15
3.2. Base address and hexadecimal notation.......................................................................................... 15
3.3. Functions..................................................................................................................................... 15
3.4. Data format.................................................................................................................................. 15
3.4.1. REAL format........................................................................................................................ 16
3.5. Ethernet Connections.................................................................................................................... 16
4. Sign criteria......................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 17
4.2. Generator convention.................................................................................................................... 17
4.3. Meaning of the signs in active and reactive power............................................................................ 17
4.4. Reactive power classifications........................................................................................................ 19
4.4.1. Positive/negative – Supply/Consumption.................................................................................. 19
4.4.2. Positive/negative – Capacitive/inductive.................................................................................. 19
4.4.3. Positive/negative – Lagging/Leading........................................................................................ 20
5. Date and time reading........................................................................................................................... 21
5.1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 21
5.2. Details of the registers................................................................................................................... 21
6. Synchronizing date and time of the INGECON EMS Plant Controller.......................................................... 22
6.1. Normal process............................................................................................................................. 22
6.3. Process verification....................................................................................................................... 23
7. General plant configuration.................................................................................................................... 24
7.1. Functions..................................................................................................................................... 24
7.1.1. Command reception.............................................................................................................. 24
7.1.2. Control execution.................................................................................................................. 24
7.1.3. Online Local Limit................................................................................................................ 24
7.1.4. Individual Feeder Curtailment and Transformer Apparent Limitation.......................................... 25
7.1.5. Line Losses Compensation..................................................................................................... 25
7.1.6. Hard Active Curtailment........................................................................................................ 26
7.1.7. Soft Shut Down.................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.8. Clouding Q Reserve............................................................................................................... 26
7.1.9. Inverter watchdog................................................................................................................. 27
7.1.10. QV and QP limitations......................................................................................................... 27
7.1.11. Tap Changer Management................................................................................................... 27
7.1.12. Capacitor Banks Control...................................................................................................... 28
7.1.13. Observer-based available power............................................................................................ 28
7.1.14. Control modes.................................................................................................................... 28
7.2. Configuration storage..................................................................................................................... 29
8. Primary frequency control configuration.................................................................................................. 31

Ingeteam Contents
8.1. Primary control PF curve............................................................................................................... 31

8.3. Alarms......................................................................................................................................... 33
9. Point of connection (POC) parameter configuration................................................................................... 35
9.1. Point of connection configuration................................................................................................... 35
9.2. Alarms......................................................................................................................................... 35
10. Operation modes................................................................................................................................. 37
10.1. Operation mode activation........................................................................................................... 37
10.1.1. Priority of reactive power operation modes............................................................................. 38
10.1.2. Selecting the agent with control of the commands................................................................. 38
10.1.3. Interface for SCADA............................................................................................................ 39
10.1.4. Interface for System Operator.............................................................................................. 40
10.1.5. Active operation mode feedback........................................................................................... 42
10.2. Operation mode setpoints............................................................................................................ 42
10.2.1. Interface for SCADA............................................................................................................ 42
10.2.2. SCADA setpoint alarms....................................................................................................... 44
10.2.3. Interface for System Operator.............................................................................................. 45
10.2.4. System Operator setpoint alarms.......................................................................................... 46
10.2.5. Active setpoints feedback.................................................................................................... 47
11. Plant maintenance.............................................................................................................................. 48
11.1. Managing inverter starting and stoppage....................................................................................... 48
11.2. Managing battery connection and disconnection............................................................................ 51
11.3. Managing capacitor bank connection and disconnection................................................................. 52
11.4. Manual plant restart after safe shutdown....................................................................................... 52
12. Plant status........................................................................................................................................ 53
12.1. PLC status................................................................................................................................. 53
12.2. Total plant status........................................................................................................................ 53
12.2.1. Total status of photovoltaic inverters..................................................................................... 53
12.2.2. Total status of battery-powered inverters............................................................................... 54
12.2.3. Total status of power analyzers............................................................................................. 54
12.2.4. Total status of BMS............................................................................................................. 54
12.2.5. Total status of capacitor banks............................................................................................. 54
12.3. Status of communications........................................................................................................... 55
12.3.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 55
12.3.2. Status of communications with slave PLC............................................................................. 55
12.3.3. Status of communications with inverters............................................................................... 55
12.3.4. Status of communications with power analyzers..................................................................... 58
12.3.5. Status of communications with batteries............................................................................... 58
12.3.6. Status of communications with capacitor banks..................................................................... 59
12.4. Total plant data.......................................................................................................................... 59
12.4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 59
12.4.2. Total plant production data.................................................................................................. 59
12.4.3. Instantaneous power capability at point of connection............................................................ 61
12.4.4. Current line losses estimation.............................................................................................. 61
12.4.5. Total battery data................................................................................................................ 61
12.4.6. Total weather station data.................................................................................................... 61
12.4.7. Total capacitor bank data.................................................................................................... 62
12.5. Individual plant equipment information........................................................................................ 62
12.5.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................... 62
12.5.2. Individual inverter information............................................................................................. 63
12.5.3. Individual analyzer information............................................................................................ 63
12.5.4. Individual battery information.............................................................................................. 66
12.5.5. Individual capacitor bank information................................................................................... 68
12.6. Control status............................................................................................................................. 68
12.7. Digital inputs............................................................................................................................. 69
13. PLC hardware interface........................................................................................................................ 70
13.1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 70
13.2. Operation mode switch................................................................................................................ 70
13.3. Signaling LEDs........................................................................................................................... 70

Contents Ingeteam
14. Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................................. 72
14.1. Communications failure with the PLC........................................................................................... 72
14.2. Communications failure with analyzer........................................................................................... 72
14.3. Communications failure with inverters........................................................................................... 72
14.4. Control failure............................................................................................................................ 73
15. Appendix 1: Knowing and modifying the IP configuration of a computer with Windows OS......................... 74
15.1. Introduction to the concept of the IP address and subnet mask....................................................... 74
15.2. IP configuration of a computer with Windows operating system........................................................ 74
16. Appendix 2: IP configuration of the PLC................................................................................................ 76
16.1. Discover current PLC IP configuration........................................................................................... 76
16.2. Check the connection between a computer and the PLC................................................................. 76
16.3. Change the PLC’s IP configuration................................................................................................ 76
16.4. PLC reset................................................................................................................................... 77

Ingeteam About this manual
1. About this manual

The purpose of this manual is to describe the INGECON EMS Plant controller units and to provide appropriate
information for their correct reception, installation, start-up, maintenance and operation.
1.1. Recipients
This document is intended for qualified personnel.
The status of qualified personnel referred to in this manual will be, as a minimum, that which meets all the
standards, regulations and laws regarding safety applicable to the tasks of installing and operating this unit.
The responsibility for designating qualified personnel will always fall to the company to which the personnel
belong. It is necessary to decide which workers are suitable or not for carrying out specific work to preserve their
safety at the same time as complying with occupational safety legislation.
These companies are responsible for providing appropriate training in electrical equipment to their personnel and
for familiarizing them with the contents of this manual.
1.2. Symbols
This manual uses various symbols to emphasize and highlight certain texts. The general meanings are explained
below.
DANGER This indicates a hazard to personnel or the inverter.
CAUTION Indicates importance.
INFO Additional information or references to other parts of the document or documents.
1.3. Abbreviations
A series of abbreviations will be used throughout this document. Their meaning is shown below:
APC Active Power Curtailment

AVR Automatic Voltage Regulation
BCC Bus Coupling Control
BMS Battery Management System
CQR Clouding Q Reserve
DQC Dynamic Q Compensation
EMS Energy Management System
ESS Energy Storage System
EVDC External Voltage Droop Control
FFR Fast Frequency Regulation
FR Frequency Regulation
FW Firmware
HAC Hard Active Curtailment
HVRT High Voltage Ride Through
IFC Individual Feeder Curtailment
KP Proportional gain
LLC Line losses compensation
LVRT Low Voltage Ride Through
ODQ On Demand Q
OLL Online Local Limit
PFC Power Factor Control

About this manual Ingeteam
POC Point Of Connection

POD Power Oscillations Damping
POI Point Of Interconnection
POL P Open Loop
PPC Power Plant Controller
PSR P setpoint ramping
PV Photovoltaic
QOL Q Open Loop
QSR Q setpoint ramping
RRC Ramp Rate Control
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SPR Solar Power Reserve
SSD Soft Shut Down
TD Derivative Time constant
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
TI Integral Time constant
VDC Voltage Droop Control
VRT Voltage Ride Through
XAL Transformer Apparent Limitation

Ingeteam Unit description
2. Unit description
2.1. Overview
The energy management solution offered by the INGECON EMS Plant Controller is mainly aimed at commercial
and industrial markets. The unit allows you to increase the level of penetration of photovoltaic energy in the group
of power generators of the electric grid.
Depending on the needs of the grid operators, grid transmission and distribution management companies, it
acts as a master of the complete system, with the aim of making the installation operate within the parameters
established by the grid´s corresponding codes.
The energy management system also allows for the inclusion of different elements in the plant, like energy storage
systems, reactive power compensation systems or weather stations. These devices allow you to open a greater range
of possibilities to manage the production of energy more efficiently.
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller analyses the flow of active and reactive power exchanged with the public grid
via a power analyzer at the installation´s connection point. This way, and along with the updates of the plant's
different device statuses, it continuously determines the optimal consignment for the inverters and other active
systems to work at.
Grid operator
INGECON EMS Plant Controller
Scada
DC AC
PV array INGECON SUN
Public grid
Optional
DC AC
Modbus TCP
DNP3; Modbus TCP/RTU;
IEC 60870-5-101/104
Batteries INGECON SUN STORAGE Metering transformer signals
Example of the INGECON SUN Plant Controller installation
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller implements management strategies based on the different devices connected
to the system and on the prior configuration established by the user.
Communication protocols other than modbus TCP can be get with the supply of an Remote Terminal Unit (RTU),
out of the scope of supply of the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller.
Communication between the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller and the power analyzer at POC must be direct
(without other intelligent devices in the middle of the chain, that may add extra delays in the communication, a
apart from switches).
INFO
See document ABP2011IQM01 for information on the installation of the INGECON EMS Plant Controller.

Unit description Ingeteam
The unit includes an unmanaged industrial switch as standard to communicate with plant elements via Ethernet
bus and Optical Fiber and a network analyzer for informaiton on the status of the electricity connection point to the
grid.
2.2. Models available
Standard Premium
2.3. Main components
Circuit breakers Electronic fuses
PLC: CPU + Modbus TCP

Backup battery + Battery
communication
charger
Power supply Power analyzer (2)
Communication switch
RTU (1) O&M socket
Internal digital inputs

Fiber optic patch panel
Terminal blocks (3)

Thermoplastic walls, IP65
(1)
RTU: (2)
Power analyzer: (3)
Terminal blocks:
• Digital inputs • Class 0.2S • Power supply
• Digital outputs • Class A • CT/VT secondaries
• Analog inputs • Digital inputs / outputs
• Analog outputs
• Industrial communication
protocols

2.3.1. Terminal blocks for power supply and CT/VT secondaries

The following picture represents an example of an INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller unit. Terminal blocks are
located in the lower area. X01 corresponds to terminal block for power supply, while X04 is used for VT secondaries
and X05 for CT secondaries.
2000
60 x 80
1900
F02 F03 B50B51
1800
1700 60 x 80
G02
1600 G01
1500
QUINT DC UPS
1400 43 x 80
80 x 80
60 x 80
F10 F20
1300
XF10 XF20
1200 43 x 80
G10 U10 G11 U11
1100
1000
43 x 80
900 G12 U12
U20.U21 U30
800
700
600 43 x 80
500
E50
100 x 80
400 X04
X05
300
X01
200
F01
100 80 x 80
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800

Unit description Ingeteam
2.4. Optional accessories

These units may include the following accessories:
• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
• Optical fiber patch-panels
2.4.1. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

Where this accessory is installed, the equipment may remain switched on autonomously for a time period between
20 minutes to 4 hours after the auxiliary power supply has been cut.
2.4.2. Optical fiber patch-panels

To correctly install the optical fiber wiring between the installation and the INGECON EMS Plant Controller, 2
patch-panels may be installed as optional with an internal pre-installation of pigtails to the communications
switch.
2.5. CE marking
CE marking is mandatory for the sale of any product within the European Union, without prejudice to standards
or laws. INGECON EMS Plant Controller units have CE marking by reason of their compliance with the following
directives:
• Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.
• Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2004/108/EC.
• Low-Voltage Electrotechnical Regulation
• UNE EN 61439-1

2.6. Specification table

Standard version Premium version
Power Analyzer
Energy metering accuracy 0.5 s / 0.2 s / 0.2 s
Voltage metering accuracy 0.2% / 0.1% / 0.1%
Current metering accuracy 0.2% / 0.2% / 0.1%
Frequency metering accuracy 10 mHz(1)
Power metering accuracy 0.5% / 0.2% / 0.2%
THD metering accuracy Class 0.5 s
Voltage and current harmonics metering 1..40 / 1..63 / 1..63
Input voltage metering range 0..480 V @50 Hz / 0..347 V @60 Hz
Input current metering range 0..5 A
Other measurements Unbalances / Rotation sequence / Positive, negative and homopolar sequences
Production quality registration (PQ) Optional
Redundancy Optional
Power Supply
Voltage supply 85 Vac..264 Vac, 50 Hz..60 Hz
Typical consumption(2) 75 W 225 W
Maximum consumption(2) 90 W 270 W
UPS capacity(3) 15 Wh / 288 Wh
Redundancy Optional
Communication
Standard protocols Modbus / TCP (client and server), FTP (client and server), NTP (client and server)
Compatible protocols Modbus / RTU (Master and slave), 101 (Slave), 104 (Slave), DNP3 (Slave), OPC UA (Server)
Outer connectivity 10 / 100BaseT(X), 100BaseFX with patch panels
Managed communication Optional Yes, with SNMP v1/2/3, VLAN, DHCP, Flow control, NTP, MAC filter
Redundancy Optional
Compatibility
Inverters IS 3Play, IS PowerMax, ISS PowerMax
Utilities Main industry protocols
Batteries Main manufacturers
SCADA Main industry protocols
Reactive power compensation systems Modbus or hard-wired interface
On-line Tap Changer Modbus or hard-wired interface
Weather Stations Modbus interface
O&M Functions
Datalogger 4 GB Compact Flash memory
Equipment start up / stop General start up or stop of the inverters, BESS and capacitor banks
Power plant surveillance Monitoring of the status of every single element inside the plant
Others Web server
CPU
Typical processing time < 10 ms
Clock Internal RTC sinchronizable through NTP
Surveillance system Watchdog, working times surveillance, CPU temperature and input/output status
Redundancy Optional
General Data
Dimensions (H/W/D) 1,005 / 860 / 360 mm 2,000 / 800 / 800 mm
Weight(2) 120 kg 460 kg
Protection class IP65
Impact resistance IK10
Overvoltage protection Type 2
Installation Wall Ground
Operating temperature -20 to 50 ºC / -4 to 122 ºF
Storage temperature -25 to 60 ºC / -13 to 140 ºF
Relative humidity (non-condensing) 10 - 90%
Maximum altitude(5) 2,000 m
Marking CE
Standards IEC 61000-4-30, IEC 62586-1, IEC 61131-3, IEC 60204-1, IEC 61439
Notes: (1) For voltages greater than 30% of the nominal voltage (2) Values measured with the highest possible number of hardware elements inside (3) If the installation does not feature an energy
storage system, the autonomy will be 2 seconds (4) For other configurations, please contact Ingeteam’s solar sales department (5) For installations beyond the maximum altitude, please contact
Ingeteam’s solar sales department.

Modbus Communications Ingeteam
3. Modbus Communications
3.1. Introduction
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller has an interface programmed for communications with the exterior using
different industrial communications protocols. However, this manual focuses exclusively on this interface being
established with the Modbus protocol.
INFO
For a more detailed description of the Modbus protocol, please see the latest versions of the documents
available on the website www.modbus.org.
3.2. Base address and hexadecimal notation

All register addresses listed in this manual are expressed with a base address 0. This means that the address
indicated in the manual and the numeric value written in the corresponding field of the section (PDU) are the
same.
Decimal and hexadecimal values are used indifferently in the explanations corresponding to addresses and
functions in this manual. The values expressed in hexadecimal notation are preceded by the prefix “0x”.
The decimal and hexadecimal numbering systems are positional numbering systems in which each digit possesses
a value that depends on its relative position determined by the base, which is the number of digits required to write
any number.
In the hexadecimal notation system, the base of the positional system is 16, and each digit may be of any of the
following values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F; corresponding to the letters A to F with the
decimal values of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. Furthermore, in the decimal notation system, the position base is
10, and the digital can only be of a value between 0 and 9.
An example to explain this difference in notation systems is given below:
• The figure “25” in the decimal system corresponds to a value of: 2 . 10 + 5 = 25
• The figure “25” in the hexadecimal system corresponds to a value of: 2 . 16 + 5 = 37
• The figure “C5” in the hexadecimal system corresponds to a value of: 12 . 16 + 5 = 197
3.3. Functions
The following functions are available to communicate with the INGECON EMS Plant Controller:
• Read Coils (0x01)
• Read Discrete Inputs (0x02)
• Read Holding Registers (0x03)
• Read Input Registers (0x04)
• Write Single Coil (0x05)
• Write Single Register (0x06)
• Write Multiple Coils (0x0F)
• Write Multiple Registers (0x10)
All registers declared as read only are accessible as Input Registers whereas those with read and write type are
accessible as Holding Registers.
3.4. Data format

The data represented in the INGECON EMS Plant Controller Modbus registers use the integer or floating format,
with the 2s complement condition in the case of signed formats. Each data type occupies a different number of
bits and has a specific range. All this information is included in the following table:

Ingeteam Modbus Communications
IEC 61131-3 data

Format Description Bits Minimum value Maximum value
type
BOOL BOOL Boolean 8 FALSE, 0 TRUE, 1
INT16 INT Integer 16 -32767 32767
UINT16 UINT Unsigned integer 16 0 65535
INT32 DINT Double integer 32 -2147483647 2147483647
UINT32 UDINT Unsigned double integer 32 0 4294967295
REAL REAL Single-precision REAL 32 -3.402823466e+38 3.402823466e+38
3.4.1. REAL format

Numbers in 32-bit REAL format, based on the standard IEEE 754, can be transferred to a decimal notation system
as follows:
Bits
Sign Exponent Mantissa
31 30 ~ 23 22 ~ 0
Numeric value = -1sign . 2exponent . Mantissa

The order of the bytes in Modbus is:
• First byte: Bits 15-8 of the number in REAL format
• Second byte: Bits 7-0 of the number in REAL format
• Third byte: Bits 31-24 of the number in REAL format
• Fourth byte: Bits 23-16 of the number in REAL format
Whenever the value of the exponent is between 1 and 254, the number expressed in normalized. Another value
(0 or 255) of the exponent leads to special numbers. The different cases of special numbers that may arise are
explained below.
• With exponent equal to 0:
• Where the mantissa is zero, the number expressed is +0 (with 0 sign bit) or -0 (with 1 sign bit)
• Where the mantissa is different to zero, a non-normalized number is produced.
• With exponent equal to 255:
• Where the mantissa is zero, the number expressed is +∞ (with 0 sign bit) or -∞ (with 1 sign bit)
• Where the mantissa is different to zero, a NaN (not a number) value is produced.
3.5. Ethernet Connections

The INGECON EMS Plant Controller integrates different smart devices that communicate with each other using
the Modbus TCP over Ethernet cable protocol, according to protocol IEEE 802.3. To connect to the system, the
possibility is enabled for connection with both an Optical Fiber pair and a twisted pair cable with RJ45 connector.
Although there are different connectable elements within the INGECON EMS Plant Controller, only the PLC acts as
an interface with the inverters, the SCADA or the System Operator. Given that the PLC is ready to operate as part of
a TCP/IP network, Modbus does not distinguish between nodes at Modbus protocol level. In other words, the PLC
can be accessed and, therefore, it responds correctly to Modbus TCP sections with any valid node number (1 to
247).
The TCP port used by the PLC for incoming and outgoing communications is the 502.
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller accepts up to 8 incoming connections.

Sign criteria Ingeteam
4. Sign criteria
4.1. Introduction
The positive or negative sign of electrical values, such as current or power, provide important information on plant
production and/or behavior. However, there might be conflicts of interpretation if the sign convention used to
express the values is not clearly defined beforehand. The criteria followed by the INGECON EMS Plant Controller to
express these variables is indicated in detail below.
4.2. Generator convention

All INGECON SUN inverters (photovoltaic and battery-powered) operate with the generator convention, i.e.
Considering all current running from the inverter and supplied to the electricity grid as positive. However, if the
current or power is consumed by the inverter, supplied from the grid, then these values would have a negative sign.
In the case of inverters, a conflict is created with the criterion used by the batteries themselves, as they use the
charge criterion. Hence, when the battery is running flat (the power flows from the battery to the grid), the inverter
measures the current and power as positive but the batteries as negative. Where the batteries are charging (the
power flows from the grid to the battery), the signs of the values are inverted in the case of both the battery and the
inverter.
4.3. Meaning of the signs in active and reactive power

The voltage and current vectors can be broken down into two orthogonal components (90º phase difference
between them): x and y. Considering that the voltage is aligned with the x-axis and there is a phase difference φ
between the voltage and current vectors, then both variables can be broken down into the x and y-axes as follows:
Ix V x
Iy I
Breaking down of voltage and current into direct components and quadrature
⃗= + 0 = | |∠0 ; ⃗= + = | | · cos(− ) + | | · sin(− ) = | |∠ −
Furthermore, apparent power is defined as the scalar product of the voltage multiplied by the complex conjugate of
the current ( ⃗ = · ⃗∗ ). In other words, apparent power gives a vector whose module is equal to the product of the
voltage and current modules, and its angle is the same as the voltage phase minus the current phase. Furthermore,
apparent power is broken down into active and reactive power components, which correspond respectively to the
direct component and in quadrature of the apparent power. This breakdown is shown in the following expression.
⃗= +
By equaling the breakdown of apparent power into its active and reactive components and the definition that
includes the voltage and current product, the different expressions of active and reactive power are deduced
according to the voltage and current components:
⃗= + = ⃗ · ⃗∗ = ·( − )= · − · = | |·| |· (− ) − · | | · | | · (− )
= · =| |·| |· (− )
=− · = −| | · | | · (− )

Ingeteam Sign criteria
Having obtained the active and reactive power expressions, the different specific cases of signs for the four
quadrants in which the current vector can be located are indicated below. It is shown below that positive reactive
power is provided in quadrants 3 and 4, whereas positive active power is provided in quadrants 1 and 4.
2 1
P<0 P>0
Q<0 Q<0
P [W]
3 4
P<0 P>0
Q>0 Q>0
Q [var]
Four active and reactive power quadrants
In terms of the four current quadrants, it is important to note that photovoltaic inverters can only operate in
quadrants 1 or 4 and always provide current to the grid. However, if there are battery-powered inverters in the
plant, these can operate in the four quadrants because they can provide current to the grid to discharge the battery
and consume current from the grid to charge it. Furthermore, just like the photovoltaic inverter, the battery-
powered inverter can give both capacitive and inductive reactive power over the entire range.

Sign criteria Ingeteam
In relation to
The
the voltage,
Quadrant voltage at Ix Iy P Q Phasor diagram
the current
the POI
is
y
I
Iy
1 advanced drops >0 >0 >0 <0
φ V x
Ix
y
2 advanced drops <0 >0 <0 <0 I Iy
φ
Ix V x
3 delayed rises <0 <0 <0 >0 Ix V x
φ
I Iy
4 delayed rises >0 <0 >0 >0 Ix V x

φ
Iy I
4.4. Reactive power classifications

In industry, both reactive power signs accept up to three different types of categories or classifications: positive/
negative, supply/consumption and capacitive/inductive.
All categories have different reasons, but they are all equivalent among each other. These equivalence are
explained below.
4.4.1. Positive/negative – Supply/Consumption

The reasoning behind this relationship is based on the generator criterion or the charge criterion. As explained
above, the Ingeteam Power Technology inverters always operate with the generator criterion. Given that this
criterion indicates that all power supplied to the grid is positive, then the equivalence is direct: Positive reactive
power = reactive power supplied to grid, and vice versa.
4.4.2. Positive/negative – Capacitive/inductive

This equivalence is based on comparing plant behavior with an inductance or a capacity in terms of reactive power.
In an inductance, the current is 90º lagging in relation to the voltage and, therefore, it would correspond to
quadrants three and four. However, in this case the generator and not charge criterion is being used, in the same
manner as an inductance or a capacity. Therefore, in quadrants three and four where the reactive power is positive,
it is also capacitive in the generator criterion (inductive power in the charge criterion). In quadrants one and two,
the reactive power is negative and inductive.

Ingeteam Sign criteria
4.4.3. Positive/negative – Lagging/Leading

The “lagging/leading” reactive power classification refers to the situation of the current in quadrature (Iy) in
relation to the voltage. As indicated beforehand in this chapter, this current in quadrature generates the reactive
power. According to this criterion, a difference is made between the situation in which the current is 90º lagging in
relation to the voltage (positive reactive power) and 90º leading in relation to the voltage (negative reactive power).

Date and time reading Ingeteam
5. Date and time reading

5.1. Introduction
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller allows for the current system date and time to be read. For this purpose, it has
7 registers where the following data can be read:
• Current year
• Current month
• Current day
• Current hour
• Current minute
• Current second
• Current day of the week
5.2. Details of the registers

This information can be read in the following registers:
Name Address Format Register type Minimum value Maximum value

Current year 0 UINT Read only 2010 2100
Current month 1 UINT Read only 1 12
Current day 2 UINT Read only 1 31
Current hour 3 UINT Read only 0 23
Current minute 4 UINT Read only 0 59
Current second 5 UINT Read only 0 59
Current millisecond 6 UINT Read only 0 999
Current day of the week 7 UINT Read only 1 7

Ingeteam Synchronizing date and time of the INGECON EMS Plant Controller
6. Synchronizing date and time of the INGECON EMS Plant

Controller
In case of not being available an NTP server on site, the INGECON EMS Plant Controller allows for its date and
time to be synchronized using the required values. Therefore, certain registers have been defined where the values
required for the INGECON EMS Plant Controller can be entered, along with an extra register where the synchronize
command is enabled. The table below shows information on all registers.
6.1. Normal process

The program allows for a synchronization process to be started every 2 minutes. The steps of the process are as
follows:
• Enter the date and time values required in the write registers (these registers are indicated in the table below)
• Enter 1 in the synchronization enabling register
• Verify the result of the synchronization process by reading the corresponding register. This register may
include several values (0, 1, 2), with the following meaning:
• 0: No synchronization has been requested for 2 minutes
• 1: The synchronization process was successful
• Others: The synchronization process was not successful
• Check that synchronization has been completed successfully by reading the current system date and
time, as explained in Section "5. Date and time reading".
Start of the process
FALSE
It has been more than 2 minutes since the
last synchronization process
TRUE
Write the required date and time

values
Enable the synchronization process
FALSE
Synchronization process successful
TRUE
FALSE
Current date and time are as required
TRUE
End of the process

Synchronizing date and time of the INGECON EMS Plant Controller Ingeteam

Synchronization information can be written in the following registers:
Minimum Maximum
Name Address Format Register type
value value
Year commanded 11000 UINT Read and write 2010 2100
Month commanded 11001 UINT Read and write 1 12
Day commanded 11002 UINT Read and write 1 31
Hour commanded 11003 UINT Read and write 0 23
Minute commanded 11004 UINT Read and write 0 59
Second commanded 11005 UINT Read and write 0 59
Milisecond commanded 11006 UINT Read and write 0 999
Synchronization command 11007 UINT Read and write 0 1
Furthermore, the current date and time can be read in the following registers, along with the results of the last
synchronization process. The day of the week is calculated automatically in the PLC.
Name Address Format Register type Minimum value Maximum value

Current year 0 UINT Read only 2010 2100
Current month 1 UINT Read only 1 12
Current day 2 UINT Read only 1 31
Current hour 3 UINT Read only 0 23
Current minute 4 UINT Read only 0 59
Current second 5 UINT Read only 0 59
Current millisecond 6 UINT Read only 0 999
Last Synchronization process
8 UINT Read only 0 10
result
6.3. Process verification

Where an out-of-range value (below the minimum or above the maximum) is written in any of the seven parameters
of the synchronization registers for some reason, the synchronization process will be erroneous. The results variable
of the synchronization process may be of different values, with the following meanings:
Results variable Meaning

It has been more than 2 minutes since the last synchronization attempt and another process can
0
now be started
1 The last synchronization process was completed successfully
2 Error writing new data in PLC clock
3 Error reading PLC clock data
4 Error writing new year value in PLC clock
5 Error writing new day value in PLC clock
6 Error writing new month value in PLC clock
7 Error writing new hour value in PLC clock
8 Error writing new minute value in PLC clock
9 Error writing new second value in PLC clock
10 Error writing new millisecond value in PLC clock

Ingeteam General plant configuration
7. General plant configuration

There are many factors that might may one photovoltaic plant different to another, however similar they may seem.
For example, the number of inverters, the total installed power of modules or the maximum power permitted in the
POC may change, among other parameters. Therefore, the INGECON EMS Plant Controller must be configured so
that it is perfectly aware of the type of plant with which it is interacting.
All the registers involved in the general plant configuration and that enable it to be correctly defined and limited
are described below.
7.1. Functions
The INGECON EMS Plant Controller allows for specific functions to be enabled or disabled to adapt to the needs of
the different Grid Codes or client requirements. These functions or flags have a value of “0” by default. They can
be enabled by entering a “1” in the corresponding register, and disabled by entering a “2”. All flags, together with
the registers involved, are listed below.
7.1.1. Command reception

By enabling this flag (by entering a “1” in the corresponding register), the INGECON EMS Plant Controller can
receive setpoints from the exterior and bear them in mind for its control algorithms. If, however, this flag is
disabled (by entering a “2” in the corresponding register), the INGECON EMS Plant Controller no longer pays
attention to the setpoints it receives from then on and will continue to operate using the latest values received.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Command reception 11010 UINT Read and write 0 2
The current configuration of this function can be seen in the following register:
Minimum Maximum
value value
Command reception 50 UINT Read 0 2
7.1.2. Control execution

This flag enables the INGECON EMS Plant Controller to run its control algorithms and send the corresponding
setpoint values to the inverters installed in the plant. Nevertheless, if it is disabled (by entering a “2” in the
corresponding register), the unit will pause the control algorithms and keep the last setpoint value and will not
send any setpoint to the inverters.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Control execution 11011 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Control execution 51 UINT Read 0 2
7.1.3. Online Local Limit

Due to the different conditions that may affect the rated power capacity of inverter, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant
Controller is capable of calculating instantaneously which the current active and reactive capability of the solar
farm is.
With the flag of the Online Local Limit, this feature can be enabled.

General plant configuration Ingeteam
Minimum Maximum
value value
Online Local Limit 11015 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Online Local Limit 55 UINT Read 0 2
7.1.4. Individual Feeder Curtailment and Transformer Apparent Limitation

In some occasions individual feeder production has to be curtailed, while the global solar farm production does not
surpass the maximum production level at the POC.
In order to achieve and optimize this individual feeder production constraint, separate active power controllers for
each feeder are executed. Furthermore, a production share block is considered for correctly splitting the active
power setpoint to each feeder controller.
Sometimes, the active power curtailment at each feeder comes from the need of surveilling that the apparent
power rating of the feeder transformers is not surpassed. In case, this limit is the one to be considered, another
complementary flag, called “Transformer Apparent Limitation”, has to enabled too.
In order to enable this functionality, the following register must be enabled:
Minimum Maximum
value value
Transformer Apparent Limitation 11016 UINT Read and write 0 2
Individual Feeder Curtailment 11017 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Transformer Apparent Limitation 56 UINT Read 0 2
Individual Feeder Curtailment 57 UINT Read 0 2
7.1.5. Line Losses Compensation

There are some solar farms that have the location of the revenue point far away from the main substation (tens of
km). Due to the losses in the line between both locations, the power measurement may differ quite significatively,
therefore sometimes the line losses are compensated. By enabling this flag in the INGECON EMS Plant Controller,
the PPC calculates online the line losses attending to the current export level and a previously configured equations
that define the losses for each particular line case. This losses compensation is then subtracted to the main
substation measurement in order to achieve the corresponding revenue power measurement.
In order to enable this functionality, the following register must be enabled:
Minimum Maximum
value value
Line Losses Compensation 11018 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Line Losses Compensation 58 UINT Read 0 2

7.1.6. Hard Active Curtailment

When there is need for curtailing the solar farm export level down to 0 MW, INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller
can reduce the active power production in a controlled manner, and ramp down the reactive power of inverters
down to 0 Mvar. After the inverters have reached a minimim power level, they will be stopped. When the 0 MW
curtailment is released, INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will restart inverters and increase the solar farm
production with a smooth filtering.
With the HAC flag, the control reduces the solar farm generation of active and reactive power in a controlled
manner. On the other hand, if this flag is disabled, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will continue
executing the reactive power control anyway, and reduce the active power production down to 1 %.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Hard Active Curtailment 11019 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Hard Active Curtailment 59 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.7. Soft Shut Down

There are some solar farms that are required to stop the whole generation instantaneously, whereas others require
to perform a soft shutdown, instead.
If this flag is enabled, once the Plant Generation command is disabled, the solar farm will start to ramp down its
active and reactive power export level, and when inverters reach their minimum current level, they will stop.
On the other hand, if the flag is disabled, the inverters will be stopped immediately after the Plant Generation
command is disabled, independently of their current active and reactive power export level.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Soft Shut Down 11020 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Soft Shut Down 60 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.8. Clouding Q Reserve

When inverters are working at high active power levels, their reactive current capability without damaging the active
power yield, is compromised, if they are configured with reactive power priority.
Therefore, when this flag is enabled, a maximum active power command to inverters is instantaneously calculated,
in order to guarantee a minimum reactive power reserve to support grid voltage variations, without curtailing their
previous active power yield.
On the other hand, if this flag is disabled, the active power share is optimized within the different irradiation zones.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Clouding Q Reserve 11021 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Clouding Q Reserve 61 UINT Read only 0 2

7.1.9. Inverter watchdog

Whenever inverters lose communication with the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller can react in three different
ways:
1. Keep on working based on the last received command
2. Ramp down its active and reactive power to 0, and then stop
3. Go to MPPT mode and unitary power factor
Depending on the status of this flag, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will adapt its control algorithms
accordingly. If it is disabled, the inverter’s behavior will be as in case 1. However, if the flag is enabled, inverter
will react such as in case 2 or 3, depending on the inverter’s configuration.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Inverter watchdog 11022 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Inverter watchdog 62 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.10. QV and QP limitations

The INGECON EMS Plant Controller is adapted to different grid codes with regards to operating ranges by
configuring certain reactive power operating zones that depend on the instant voltage and active power values
measured at the point of connection.
INFO
For a more detailed description on how to configure the curves corresponding to these reactive power
limitations, please see the ABP0000IMC07 document.
Enabling or disabling (by entering a “1” or a “2” in the corresponding registers) means that the reactive power
operating range permitted is restricted to the configured curves or is completely free, depending on the maximum
power factor configured in the inverters.
Minimum Maximum
value value
QV limitation 11030 UINT Read and write 0 2
QP limitation 11031 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
QV limitation 70 UINT Read 0 2
QP limitation 71 UINT Read 0 2
7.1.11. Tap Changer Management

There are some solar farms that require inverters to operate at certain voltage levels, in order to optimize their
power capability and/or guarantee they will work under healthy grid conditions.
If this flag is enabled, INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will enable its On Load Tap Changer management
algorithms, overriding its local control.
On the other hand, if the flag is disabled, On Load Tap Changer management algorithms will be disabled at the
INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller, and that device will work following its configured parameters.

Minimum Maximum
value value
Tap Changer Management 11057 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Tap Changer Management 97 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.12. Capacitor Banks Control

Those cases in which the reactive power capability of the inverters is not enough to meet the Grid Code
requirements at the Point of Connection, and no more inverters are going to installed, one common solution is to
install capacitor banks.
When this is the case, if the flag is enabled, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller can perform some control
algorithms that will handle the logics of connection and disconnection of the different capacitor bank steps.
More details regarding these logics can be checked in the ABP0000IMC19 document.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Capacitor Banks Control 11064 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Capacitor Banks Control 104 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.13. Observer-based available power.

The INGECON EMS Plant Controller can compute the total available PV power in two different ways:
1. Based on the information provided by observer inverters.
2. Based on the information provided by weather stations.
This is determined by the status of the flag. If the flag is enabled, the information on available PV power will come
from observer inverters. If it is disabled, the INGECON EMS Plant Controller will use the information from weather
stations.
Minimum Maximum
value value
Observer-based available power 11068 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Observer-based available power 108 UINT Read only 0 2
7.1.14. Control modes

The control modes required in the INGECON EMS Plant Controller vary depending on the Grid Code or connection
requirement applied in each plant. To be able to adapt to the different specific cases possible, the possibility of
activating one control mode or another can be enabled or disabled. In other words, the corresponding flag enabling
one control mode does not mean that the INGECON EMS Plant Controller will operate in that mode but that the
possibility is open for it to be activated.

Minimum Maximum
value value
Fast Frequency Regulation 11037 UINT Read and write 0 2
Active Power Curtailment 11038 UINT Read and write 0 2
Solar Power Reserve 11039 UINT Read and write 0 2
P Setpoint Ramping 11040 UINT Read and write 0 2
Q Setpoint Ramping 11041 UINT Read and write 0 2
Ramp Rate Control 11042 UINT Read and write 0 2
SOC Control 11043 UINT Read and write 0 2
P Open Loop 11044 UINT Read and write 0 2
Zero Export 11045 UINT Read and write 0 2
On Demand Q 11058 UINT Read and write 0 2
Power Factor Control 11059 UINT Read and write 0 2
Voltage Droop Control 11060 UINT Read and write 0 2
Automatic Voltage Regulation 11061 UINT Read and write 0 2
Reserved 11062 UINT Read and write 0 2
Q Open Loop 11063 UINT Read and write 0 2
Reactive compensators control 11064 UINT Read and write 0 2
Dynamic Q Compensation 11065 UINT Read and write 0 2
External Voltage Droop Control 11066 UINT Read and write 0 2
Minimum Maximum
value value
Fast Frequency Regulation 77 UINT Read only 0 2
Active Power Curtailment 78 UINT Read only 0 2
Solar Power Reserve 79 UINT Read only 0 2
P Setpoint Ramping 80 UINT Read only 0 2
Q Setpoint Ramping 81 UINT Read only 0 2
Ramp Rate Control 82 UINT Read only 0 2
SOC Control 83 UINT Read only 0 2
P Open Loop 84 UINT Read only 0 2
Zero Export 85 UINT Read only 0 2
On Demand Q 98 UINT Read only 0 2
Power Factor Control 99 UINT Read only 0 2
Voltage Droop Control 100 UINT Read only 0 2
Automatic Voltage Regulation 101 UINT Read only 0 2
Power Oscilation Damping 102 UINT Read only 0 2
Q Open Loop 103 UINT Read only 0 2
Reactive compensators control 104 UINT Read only 0 2
Dynamic Q Compensation 105 UINT Read only 0 2
External Voltage Droop Control 106 UINT Read only 0 2
7.2. Configuration storage

Every task cycle, the INGECON EMS Plant Controller saves all general configuration information. This information
includes current plant flags status, together with Point of Connection parameters ,control configuration and
variables related to plant maintenance. Current status of all operation modes (enabled/disabled) and setpoints are
also stored.

All this information is saved in called “retain persistent” type variables, which maintain their value even after a
reset in the PLC.

Primary frequency control configuration Ingeteam
8. Primary frequency control configuration

One of the greatest consequences of the power generated by the electricity generation plants and the power
consumed in homes, industries, etc. not being exactly the same is the variation in the voltage frequency in the
electricity grid. In fact, when the power generated is greater than that consumed, the frequency increases due to
the fact that the synchronous generators have a higher drive torque than load torque and, therefore, accelerate. In
the opposite case, when the power consumed is greater than the power generated, the synchronous generators slow
down because the load torque is higher than the drive torque and, therefore, the frequency decreases.
The variation in frequency has an impact on many different appliances that use this frequency as a timebase for
synchronization or to take time measurements. As a result, most grid operators around the world have control
systems to maintain the electricity grid frequency within a tolerance range (this range is commonly around ± 0.1
or 0.2 Hz). Depending on the speed of response and the duration of the control application, these systems are
classified as primary, secondary or tertiary. The primary is the most immediate and short-lasting, and the tertiary is
the last to enter and the one that lasts longest in order to re-establish the capacities of the primary and secondary
systems.
Given the speed and short duration of the photovoltaic inverter support, with or without auxiliary storage systems,
the support by photovoltaic plants to frequency control is classified as primary frequency control.
How this control can be configured in the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller so that it adapts to all demands by
the different grid operators around the world is described below.
8.1. Primary control PF curve

A curve can be configured in the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller to limit the active power according to
the deviation in frequency in relation to the nominal power. This curve can configure the under-frequency zone
(frequency below nominal) and over-frequency zone (frequency above nominal). An example of this curve with the
maximum number of points (12) is shown below.
P / Pmax
P1 P2 Under-frequency Over-frequency
control control
P3
P4
P5
P6 P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12

f [Hz]
PF curve
Each point on the curve is determined by a pair of coordinates for active power and frequency. The active power
values are expressed as a percentage of the maximum power of the plant at the point of connection. The frequency
values are expressed in Hz. All intermediate active power values are calculated automatically using linear
interpolation.
Furthermore, the maximum number of points and whether power is recovered linearly or with hysteresis must be
indicated to configure the curve.
If the frequency deviates from the nominal value (in one direction or another), the power will be limited by the
corresponding value configured on the curve.
In the case of linear recovery, the function behavior is configured according to the “Active power base” register.
Depending on the value of this register, the active power base for the percentage values of the curve differ in
meaning as follow:
1. The active power variation magnitude is referred to the predisturbance active power level.
2. The active power variation magnitude is referred to the current local limit.

Ingeteam Primary frequency control configuration
3. The active power variation magnitude is referred to the current active power setpoint.
4. The active power variation magnitude is referred to the rated active power at POC.
If, however, recovery with hysteresis is configured, the power does not recover its value prior to the limitation until
the frequency is within the range limited by the “over-frequency recovery” and “under-frequency recovery” values.

The following registers are to be used to configure the PF curve:
Name Address Format Unit Register type

PF.f1 11910 REAL Hz Read and write
PF.P1 11912 REAL % Read and write
PF. Overfrequency recovery
11958 REAL Hz Read and write
frequency
PF. Subfrequency recovery
frequency
Reserved 11962 - 11971 UINT N/A Read and write
Predisturbance/posdisturbance
11972 REAL N/A Read and write
power level ratio
Active power base 11974 UINT N/A Read and write
Recovery by hysteresis 11975 BOOL N/A Read and write
Number of points PF curve 11976 UINT N/A Read and write
The parameters actually applied at any given time can be read at the following addresses:

PF.f1 1270 REAL Hz Read only
PF.P1 1272 REAL % Read only

Primary frequency control configuration Ingeteam

PF. Overfrequency recovery frequency 1318 REAL Hz Read only
PF. Subfrequency recovery frequency 1320 REAL Hz Read only
Reserved 1322 - 1331 UINT N/A Read only
Predisturbance/posdisturbance power
1332 REAL N/A Read only
level ratio
Active power base 1334 UINT N/A Read only
Recovery by hysteresis 1335 BOOL N/A Read only
Number of points PF curve 1336 UINT N/A Read only
Fast Frequency Regulation - Active
1340 REAL % Read only
power setpoint
Fast Frequency Regulation - Active
1342 REAL MW Read only
power setpoint
8.3. Alarms
The maximum and minimum values that can be written to configure the curve can be read in the following
registers:

Maximum frequency value 150 REAL Hz Read only
Minimum frequency value 152 REAL Hz Read only
Maximum active power value 166 REAL % Read only
Minimum active power value 168 REAL % Read only
Furthermore, there is an alarm register where information is provided on the latest configuration process. This
register is of different values depending on the error found. This alarm is described in detail below.

PF_alarm 1072 UINT N/A Read only
The meaning of the values of these status registers is as follows:

Ingeteam Primary frequency control configuration
Results variable Meaning

0 Feature not enabled
1 Correct curve execution and configuration
2 Curve points are not well sorted
Curve input is outside of point configuration, and therefore the curve output will limited to the closest
3
value
4 Incorrect execution
5 Incorrect number of points provided
6 Some configuration parameter is outside of the valid range
7 Curve is empty
Whenever this curve acts limiting the active power export level of the plant, the following register will be activated:

PF in action 1081 BOOL Read only

Point of connection (POC) parameter configuration Ingeteam
9. Point of connection (POC) parameter configuration

When control engineering seeks to control certain parameters, every effort is made to keep certain variables within
a range of specified values for specific circumstances. In the case of the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller, the
main goal is to control the main electrical variables at a specific point of the photovoltaic plant.
In most cases, the electrical point of the plant that is measured precisely and where the requirements of the
System Operator or other players must be met (e.g. SCADA) is the point of connection (POC) with the electricity
grid. Therefore, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller must have the main characteristics of the POC perfectly
defined and configured for each installation. With this in mind, certain registers have been designated as explained
below.
9.1. Point of connection configuration

The INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller has the following registers enabled to configure the characteristics of the
plant POC.

Maximum active power at POC 12140 REAL MW Read and write
Minimum active power at POC 12142 REAL MW Read and write
Maximum reactive power at POC 12144 REAL Mvar Read and write
Minimum reactive power at POC 12146 REAL Mvar Read and write
Nominal voltage at main POC 12148 REAL kV Read and write
Nominal frequency at POC 12150 REAL Hz Read and write
Nominal voltage at External POC 12152 REAL kV Read and write
Nominal voltage at Auxiliar POC 12154 REAL kV Read and write
Reserved 12156-12167 UINT N/A Read and write
There are also read-only registers that indicate the actual values configured and with which the INGECON SUN
EMS Plant Controller is operating.

Maximum active power at POC 1510 REAL MW Read only
Minimum active power at POC 1512 REAL MW Read only
Maximum reactive power at POC 1514 REAL Mvar Read only
Minimum reactive power at POC 1516 REAL Mvar Read only
Nominal voltage at main POC 1518 REAL kV Read only
Nominal frequency at POC 1520 REAL Hz Read only
Nominal voltage at External POC 1522 REAL kV Read only
Nominal voltage at Auxiliar POC 1524 REAL kV Read only
Reserved 1526-1537 UINT N/A Read only
9.2. Alarms
To make sure the configuration of these important parameters is correct, the values written in the POC
configuration registers are checked to ensure consistency among them and their maximum and minimum limits.
These limits can be read in the following registers:

Maximum active power value at POC 178 REAL MW Read only
Minimum active power value at POC 180 REAL MW Read only
Maximum reactive power value at POC 182 REAL Mvar Read only
Minimum reactive power value at POC 184 REAL Mvar Read only
Maximum voltage value at POC 186 REAL kV Read only
Minimum voltage value at POC 188 REAL kV Read only

Ingeteam Point of connection (POC) parameter configuration

Where a configuration value is entered that is outside the limits or where the maximum value is not strictly higher
(under no circumstances may it be the same) than the minimum, an alarm will be marked associated to the
specific parameter that has been incorrectly configured. The following are registers where the possible alarms can
be read:

Maximum active power at POC 1090 UINT Read only
Minimum active power at POC 1091 UINT Read only
Maximum reactive power at POC 1092 UINT Read only
Minimum reactive power at POC 1093 UINT Read only
Nominal voltage at POC 1094 UINT Read only
Nominal frequency at main POC 1095 UINT Read only
Nominal voltage at External POC 1096 UINT Read only
Nominal voltage at Auxiliar POC 1097 UINT Read only
Reserved 1098-1101 UINT Read only
Whenever these limits act curtailing the reactive power capacity of the plant, the following registers will be
activated:

Minimum Q at POC limit in action 1086 BOOL Read only
Maximum Q at POC limit in action 1087 BOOL Read only

Operation modes Ingeteam
10. Operation modes

The INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller has many different operation modes implemented to modify the
operating point of a photovoltaic plant easily, reliably and precisely, adapting to the requirements of the different
system operators.
Each operation mode can be enabled or disabled by configuration so that, where enabled, these operation modes
are available to be activated by an authorized agent present in the communications network of the corresponding
plant. Based on whether or not the different modes are enabled, which is configured after the unit has been
produced, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller allows for each operation mode to be individually activated and
deactivated. Furthermore, for operation modes with a certain setpoint associated to them, dedicated registers are
designated to be able to modify these setpoints at the request of the authorized agent.
Given that there might be more than one agent controlling the plant, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller
considers two operation modalities insofar as the agent capable of changing the operation modes at any given time.
Furthermore, there is a register area where the System Operator can enter its setpoints and activate or deactivate
the operation mode as required. What is more, another area different to the register area is designated where
a parallel agent (typically a SCADA) can take control of the plant instead of the System Operator to modify the
setpoints and activate the operation modes. In all cases, there is always feedback on the status of the setpoints
and of the operation modes for both agents, as well as the instant values being applied.
10.1. Operation mode activation

The different operation modes can only be activated or deactivated if they have been previously individually
enabled, as explained in Section "This is determined by the status of the flag. If the flag is enabled, the
information on available PV power will come from observer inverters. If it is disabled, the INGECON EMS Plant
Controller will use the information from weather stations.".
An operation mode is activated by writing a pulse with a positive status change (from 0 to 1) for at least 2 seconds
and at most 5 seconds in bit 0 of the corresponding register. However, to deactivate it, a pulse with a positive
status change of between 2 and 5 seconds must be written in bit 1 of that same register. Only positive status
changes from “0” to “1” or from “0” to “2” will be considered new commands.
In other words, to activate an operation mode, the register must be changed from “0” to “1” and then back to “0”.
If it is to be deactivate, the register must be changed from “0” to “2” and then back to “0”. Where a value other
than “0” is maintained for more than 5 seconds, the unit will delete it and write a “0” so that the register is ready
for the next order. This process is explained graphically in further detail below.
Mode Active Power Disable command

Curtailment
(value registered in Enable command
SCADA)
Time (s)
Mode Active Power
Curtailment
(value registered in
PLC)
Time (s)
Mode Active Power
Disabled Disabled
Curtailment
Feedback Enabled
PLC)
Time (s)
Examples of correct orders of activation and deactivation of Active Power Curtailment mode

Ingeteam Operation modes
Mode Active Power

Curtailment
(value registered in Enable command Enable command
SCADA)
Time (s)
Mode Active Power
Curtailment
PLC)
Time (s)
Mode Active Power
Disabled
Curtailment
Feedback Enabled
PLC)
Time (s)
Examples of incorrect or unusual orders of activation of Active Power Curtailment mode
10.1.1. Priority of reactive power operation modes

All the operation modes related to the reactive power are mutually exclusive. Hence, only one can be enabled at
each time.
If there is one operation mode already enabled, it should be disabled at the same time that the new one is enabled.
In case more than one operation mode is enabled, the one with higher level of priority will be selected.
The list of priorities, starting with the highest one, is the following:
• External voltage droop control
• Automatic Voltage Regulation
• Voltage Droop Control
• Power Factor Control
• On Demand Q
• Q Open Loop
10.1.2. Selecting the agent with control of the commands

For the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller to run the commands received by the SCADA or the System Operator,
the latter must first take control. Two registers have been enabled to designate the agent with control of the plant
at any given time.

Control enabled for SCADA 12300 UINT Read and write
Control enabled for SO 12400 UINT Read and write
Furthermore, there are read-only registers to indicate whether the control is enabled for each agent. If bit 0 is
enabled in these registers, then that agent has control of the plant. Where it does not have control, bit 1 will be
enabled in the register corresponding to that agent.
A third register is also enabled to provide a different value depending on the agent with control of the plant. This
register may be of the following values:
1. SCADA
2. System operator

Control enabled for SCADA 1680 UINT Read only


Control enabled for SO 1780 UINT Read only
Control agent 1880 UINT Read only
The logic used to assign plant control to one of the agents is the same as to activate or deactivate the operation
modes. By enabling bit 0 of the register of one of the two agents, which means entering a “1” in the corresponding
register, the control is enabled for that agent. By enabling bit 1, which means entering a “2” in the corresponding
register, the control is disabled for that agent. Where both agents are disabled or both enabled, SCADA will always
take preference and this agent will have control of the plant by default.
10.1.3. Interface for SCADA

The following are the registers where the operation modes can be activated or deactivated from SCADA:

Plant Generation 12302 UINT Read and write
Fast Frequency Regulation 12303 UINT Read and write
Active Power Curtailment 12304 UINT Read and write
Solar Power Reserve 12305 UINT Read and write
P Setpoint Ramping 12306 UINT Read and write
Q Setpoint Ramping 12307 UINT Read and write
Ramp Rate Control 12308 UINT Read and write
SOC Control 12309 UINT Read and write
P Open Loop 12310 UINT Read and write
Zero Export 12311 UINT Read and write
Individual Feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 12312-12317 UINT Read and write
On Demand Q 12318 UINT Read and write
Power Factor Control 12319 UINT Read and write
Voltage Droop Control 12320 UINT Read and write
Automatic Voltage Regulation 12321 UINT Read and write
Power Oscillations Damping 12322 UINT Read and write
Control over capacitor banks 12323 UINT Read and write
Q Open Loop 12324 UINT Read and write
Dynamic Q Compensation 12325 UINT Read and write
External Voltage Droop Control 12326 UINT Read and write
Reserved 12329-12335 UINT Read and write
Step Frequency Simulation 12336 UINT Read and write
Trapezoidal Frequency Simulation 12337 UINT Read and write
Ambient temperature Simulation 12338 UINT Read and write
Reserved 12339 UINT Read and write
Moreover, register 12302, known as “Plant Generation”, is enabled so that plant generation can be activated or
deactivated from SCADA. In other words, by enabling bit 0 of this register, the plant is allowed to generate all
the power permitted, both by available radiation and by any technical limitation (temporary non-availability of
equipment, maximum plant power limitation from the System Operator, etc.). If, however, it is deactivated by
enabling bit 1 of the register, then all inverters and production equipment (capacitor banks, batteries, etc.) are
ordered to perform a general stoppage.
In the case of register 12323, known as “Control over capacitor banks”, its activation or deactivation means that
the control of any capacitor banks present in the plant is the responsibility of SCADA or of the INGECON SUN EMS
Plant Controller. If bit 0 of the register is enabled, then SCADA takes control of the banks. If bit 1 is enabled, the
control is returned to the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller.

In another memory area, several registers are enabled to indicate the commands received from SCADA. These
registers are:

Plant Generation 1682 UINT Read only
Fast Frequency Regulation 1683 UINT Read only
Active Power Curtailment 1684 UINT Read only
Solar Power Reserve 1685 UINT Read only
P Setpoint Ramping 1686 UINT Read only
Q Setpoint Ramping 1687 UINT Read only
Ramp Rate Control 1688 UINT Read only
SOC Control 1689 UINT Read only
P Open Loop 1690 UINT Read only
Zero Export 1691 UINT Read only
Individual Feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 1692-1697 UINT Read only
On Demand Q 1698 UINT Read only
Power Factor Control 1699 UINT Read only
Voltage Droop Control 1700 UINT Read only
Automatic Voltage Regulation 1701 UINT Read only
Power Oscillations Damping 1702 UINT Read only
Control over capacitor banks 1703 UINT Read only
Q Open Loop 1704 UINT Read only
Dynamic Q Compensation 1705 UINT Read only
External Voltage Droop Control 1706 UINT Read only
Step Frequency Simulation 1716 UINT Read only
Trapezoidal Frequency Simulation 1717 UINT Read only
Ambient temperature Simulation 1718 UINT Read only
Reserved 1719 UINT Read only
10.1.4. Interface for System Operator

There is an identical area to the one enabled for SCADA in which the System Operator can activate or deactivate
the following operation modes. The following registers are enabled for this purpose:

Plant Generation 12402 UINT Read and write
Fast Frequency Regulation 12403 UINT Read and write
Active Power Curtailment 12404 UINT Read and write
Solar Power Reserve 12405 UINT Read and write
P Setpoint Ramping 12406 UINT Read and write
Q Setpoint Ramping 12407 UINT Read and write
Ramp Rate Control 12408 UINT Read and write
SOC Control 12409 UINT Read and write
P Open Loop 12410 UINT Read and write
Zero Export 12411 UINT Read and write
On Demand Q 12418 UINT Read and write
Power Factor Control 12419 UINT Read and write
Voltage Droop Control 12420 UINT Read and write


Automatic Voltage Regulation 12421 UINT Read and write
Power Oscillations Damping 12422 UINT Read and write
Control over capacitor banks 12423 UINT Read and write
Q Open Loop 12424 UINT Read and write
Dynamic Q Compensation 12425 UINT Read and write
External Voltage Droop Control 12426 UINT Read and write
Reserved 12429-12435 UINT Read and write
Step Frequency Simulation 12436 UINT Read and write
Trapezoidal Frequency Simulation 12437 UINT Read and write
Ambient temperature Simulation 12438 UINT Read and write
Reserved 12439 UINT Read and write
As with the SCADA interface, the System Operator has register 12402 available to activate or deactivate plant
generation. If bit 0 is enabled, the plant has permission to generate all the power available, abiding by any
technical limitations that may exist at any given time (temporary non-availability of equipment, maximum power
limitation at the POC, etc.). If, however, bit 1 of the register is enabled, plant generated is deactivated because a
general stoppage of all production equipment (inverters, batteries, capacitor banks, etc.) is ordered.
In the same way that there is feedback on commands received from SCADA, specific registers have been
designated to provide the information on which commands are received from the System Operator. These read-only
registers are:


10.1.5. Active operation mode feedback

As indicated above, there is an area of registers where the commands sent by SCADA can be read and another
where the commands received from the System Operator can be read. Information is also provided on the agent in
control of the plant in each case.
To confirm, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller also provides information on the operation modes that are
active at any given time. This information can be read in the following registers:

10.2. Operation mode setpoints

Most operation modes have a setpoint value associated to them that defines the operating point where the PV plant
must operate. Therefore, as well as being able to activate or deactivate them, certain registers are enabled in which
the setpoint values for each operation mode can be written.
10.2.1. Interface for SCADA

The area of registers where SCADA can write the setpoints of the different operation modes is:

Active Power Curtailment 12340 REAL MW Read and write
Solar Power Reserve 12342 REAL % Read and write
P Setpoint Ramping 12344 REAL %/min Read and write
Q setpoint ramping 12346 REAL %/min Read and write
Ramp Rate Control 12348 REAL %/min Read and write


SOC 12350 REAL % Read and write
C Rate 12352 REAL N/A Read and write
P Open Loop 12354 REAL MW Read and write
Individual Feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 12356-12367 REAL MW/MVA Read and write
On Demand Q 12370 REAL Mvar Read and write
Power Factor Control 12372 REAL N/A Read and write
Voltage Droop Control 12374 REAL kV Read and write
Automatic Voltage Regulation 12376 REAL kV Read and write
Reserved 12378 UINT N/A Read and write
Capacitor Banks steps to switch in 12379 UINT N/A Read and write
Q Open Loop 12380 REAL Mvar Read and write
External Voltage Droop Control 12382 REAL kV Read and write
Individual Feeder Curtailment (7 - 8) 12384-12387 REAL MW/MVA Read and write
Simulated frequency step 12392 REAL Hz Read and write
Simulated trapezoidal frequency slope 12394 REAL Hz/min Read and write
Simulated trapezoidal frequency max
deviation
Simulated ambient temperature 12398 REAL ºC Read and write
On one hand, there is an area of registers where the latest values written by SCADA at the following addresses can
be read for confirmation purposes:

Active Power Curtailment 1720 REAL MW Read only
Solar Power Reserve 1722 REAL % Read only
P Setpoint Ramping 1724 REAL %/min Read only
Q setpoint ramping 1726 REAL %/min Read only
Ramp Rate Control 1728 REAL %/min Read only
SOC 1730 REAL % Read only
C Rate 1732 REAL N/A Read only
P Open Loop 1734 REAL MW Read only
Individual Feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 1736-1747 REAL MW/MVA Read only
On Demand Q 1750 REAL Mvar Read only
Power Factor Control 1752 REAL N/A Read only
Voltage Droop Control 1754 REAL kV Read only
Automatic Voltage Regulation 1756 REAL kV Read only
Reserved 1758 UINT N/A Read only
Capacitor Banks steps to switch in 1759 UINT N/A Read only
Q Open Loop 1760 REAL Mvar Read only
External Voltage Droop Control 1762 REAL kV Read only
Individual Feeder Curtailment (7 - 8) 1464-1767 REAL MW/MVA Read only
Simulated frequency step 1772 REAL Hz Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency slope 1774 REAL Hz/min Read only
1776 REAL Hz Read only
deviation
Simulated ambient temperature 1778 REAL ºC Read only

10.2.2. SCADA setpoint alarms

There are also minimum and maximum limitations to restrict the range of values that can be written in each
setpoint. A series of registers have been enabled where these maximum and minimum limits can be read for each
setpoint type.

Maximum active power gradient 170 REAL %/min Read only
Minimum active power gradient 172 REAL %/min Read only
Maximum power factor value 174 REAL N/A Read only
Minimum power factor value 176 REAL N/A Read only
Maximum SOC value 198 REAL % Read only
Minimum SOC value 200 REAL % Read only
Maximum C rate value 202 REAL N/A Read only
Minimum C rate value 204 REAL N/A Read only
Maximum temperature 206 REAL ºC Read only
Minimum temperature 208 REAL ºC Read only
Where a setpoint is written incorrectly (where it is a non-numeric value or exceeds the aforementioned limits),
an associated alarm is triggered. The following registers indicate the alarms associated to the SCADA setpoints
written:

C Rate 1176 UINT Read only
Capacitor Banks steps to switch in 1191 UINT Read only


Simulated frequency step 1200 UINT Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency slope 1201 UINT Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency max deviation 1202 UINT Read only
Simulated ambient temperature 1203 UINT Read only
10.2.3. Interface for System Operator

The System Operator has an area of registers where the setpoints for the different operation modes can be written,
which have the following addresses:

Active Power Curtailment 12440 REAL MW Read and write
Solar Power Reserve 12442 REAL % Read and write
P Setpoint Ramping 12444 REAL %/min Read and write
Q setpoint Ramping 12446 REAL %/min Read and write
Ramp Rate Control 12448 REAL %/min Read and write
SOC 12450 REAL % Read and write
C Rate 12452 REAL N/A Read and write
P Open Loop 12454 REAL MW Read and write
Individual feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 12456-12467 REAL MW/MVA Read and write
On Demand Q 12470 REAL Mvar Read and write
Power Factor Control 12472 REAL N/A Read and write
Voltage Droop Control 12474 REAL kV Read and write
Automatic Voltage Regulation 12476 REAL kV Read and write
Reserved 12478 UINT N/A Read and write
Capacitor Banks steps to switch in 12479 UINT N/A Read and write
Q Open Loop 12480 REAL Mvar Read and write
External Voltage Droop Control 12482 REAL kV Read and write
Individual feeder Curtailment (7 - 8) 12484-12487 REAL MW/MVA Read and write
Reserved 12488-12499 REAL N/A Read and write
On one hand, there is an area of registers where the latest values written by System Operator at the following
addresses can be read for confirmation purposes:

Q setpoint Ramping 1826 REAL %/min Read only
Individual feeder Curtailment (1 - 6) 1836-1847 REAL MW/MVA Read only


Reserved 1868-1879 REAL N/A Read only
10.2.4. System Operator setpoint alarms

There are also minimum and maximum limitations to restrict the range of values that can be written in each
setpoint. A series of registers have been enabled where these maximum and minimum limits can be read for each
setpoint type.

Maximum active power gradient 170 REAL %/min Read only
Minimum active power gradient 172 REAL %/min Read only
Maximum power factor value 174 REAL N/A Read only
Minimum power factor value 176 REAL N/A Read only
Maximum SOC value 198 REAL % Read only
Minimum SOC value 200 REAL % Read only
Maximum C rate value 202 REAL N/A Read only
Minimum C rate value 204 REAL N/A Read only
Maximum temperature 206 REAL ºC Read only
Minimum temperature 208 REAL ºC Read only
Where a setpoint is written incorrectly (where it is a non-numeric value or exceeds the aforementioned limits),
an associated alarm is triggered. The following registers indicate the alarms associated to the System Operator
setpoints written:

C Rate 1216 UINT Read only


Capacitor Banks steps to switch in 1231 UINT Read only
Simulated frequency step 1240 UINT Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency slope 1241 UINT Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency max deviation 1242 UINT Read only
Simulated ambient temperature 1243 UINT Read only
10.2.5. Active setpoints feedback

As confirmation, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller also provides information on the setpoints that are active
at any given time. This information can be read in the following registers:

Q setpoint ramping 1926 REAL %/min Read only
Simulated frequency step 1972 REAL Hz Read only
Simulated trapezoidal frequency slope 1974 REAL Hz/min Read only
deviation
Simulated ambient temperature 1978 REAL ºC Read only

Ingeteam Plant maintenance
11. Plant maintenance

Given that the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller communicates with the different equipment in the PV plant
(inverters, batteries, capacity banks, etc.), as well as using this communications bus to control the electrical
variables of the plant it is also possible to manage the starting and stoppage of the equipment individually to
perform maintenance or repair work.
Therefore, certain registers have been designated in the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller to manage this job.
11.1. Managing inverter starting and stoppage

The starting and stoppage of each inverter is individually managed in the same way as the activation and
deactivation of the operation modes. By writing a 6, the specific inverter is started. By writing a 5, the order
is given to stop that inverter. On the other hand, writing a value of 4, inverter will receive an emergency stop
command, opening then its AC and DC breakers.
Only positive status changes from value 0 are considered to recognize an order as valid. Command must be
enabled in pulse-form, so that they last for at least 2 seconds and at most 5 seconds. Where any bit remains
enabled for more than 5 seconds, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will disabled them all. This
management is expressed graphically below.
Start/Stop Start command

inverter 1
(value registered in Stop command
SCADA)
Time (s)
Start/Stop
inverter 1
PLC)
Time (s)
Status Started Started
inverter 1
(value registered in Stopped
PLC)
Time (s)
Example of correct managing of inverter starting and stoppage
Start/Stop
inverter 1
(value registered in Stop command Stop command
SCADA)
Time (s)
Start/Stop
inverter 1
PLC)
Time (s)
Status Started
inverter 1
(value registered in Stopped
PLC)
Time (s)
Example of incorrect or unusual managing of inverter stoppage

Plant maintenance Ingeteam
The following registers indicate these inverter starting and stoppage orders. Where there are not as many inverters
in the plant, the orders relating to inexistent inverters are disregarded.

Start/Stop-Inverter 1 11740 UINT Read and write



Plant maintenance Ingeteam

11.2. Managing battery connection and disconnection

The managing of battery connection and disconnection is the same as that of inverter starting and stoppage.
Each battery is ordered to connect by enabling bit 0 and is ordered to disconnect by enabling bit 1. The following
registers indicate these battery connection and disconnection orders. Where there are not as many batteries in the
plant, the orders relating to inexistent batteries are disregarded.

Start/Stop - BESS 1 11861 UINT Read and write


11.3. Managing capacitor bank connection and disconnection

As with the batteries, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller allows for each capacitor bank installed in the plant
to be connected or disconnected individually. The logic followed for this task also consists of enabling bit 0 or bit 1
in 5-second pulse form. The following are registers where the orders can be written:

Start/Stop Capacitor bank 1 11890 UINT Read and write
Start/Stop Capacitor bank 2 11891 UINT Read and write
11.4. Manual plant restart after safe shutdown

Those cases in which the solar farm has been shutdown after a safety maneuver, such as a Soft Shut Down or
a communication failure with the analyzer (Please, refer to document ABP0000IMC14 for further information
regarding this topic), the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller can be configured to restart automatically or
manually.
If the restart has to be done manually, the PLC will raise a flag in the following register (value of 1), and until the
SCADA does not erase it (write a value of 0), the PLC will not restart the inverters.

Plant Manual Restart Block 11900 UINT N/A Read and write

Plant status Ingeteam
12. Plant status

In order to be able to supervise the plant status in extensive detail, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller
provides up-to-date and detailed information on the status of each of the communicable elements of the plant,
such as inverters, batteries, capacitor banks, power analyzers or weather stations. The different registers designated
to make equipment status supervision easier are described below.
12.1. PLC status

In terms of the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller’s PLC, the following information is instantly provided:
• Power supply status: 1: OK, 2: NOK
• RTC battery status: 1: OK, 2: NOK
• Maximum temperature of the CPU
• Current temperature of the CPU
• Minimum temperature of the CPU
• Current CPU usage
• Average CPU usage
• Free space in external memory (Percentage of the total memory size)
• Status of the external memory: 1: OK, 2: NOK
• Communication watchdog (bit 0 oscillates every 1 seconds if it is working correctly)
• PPC heartbeat: A counter that increases one unit every second from 0 to 65535. Once it reaches the
maximum value (65535), it starts all over from zero
This information can be read in the following registers:

Power Supply status 10 UINT N/A Read only
RTC battery status 11 UINT N/A Read only
Maximum CPU temperature 12 REAL ºC Read only
Current CPU temperature 14 REAL ºC Read only
Minimum CPU temperature 16 REAL ºC Read only
Current CPU usage 18 REAL % Read only
Average CPU usage 20 REAL % Read only
External memory free space 22 REAL % Read only
External memory status 24 UINT N/A Read only
Communication Watchdog 25 UINT N/A Read only
PPC heartbeat 26 UINT N/A Read only
12.2. Total plant status

Despite the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller having collecting status information from each device
individually, information is also provided on them as a whole in order to provide an overview of the plant as well as
the individual perspective. Therefore, this section describes the registers where the total statuses of the different
types of equipment present in the plant can be read.
12.2.1. Total status of photovoltaic inverters

Number of PV power blocks grid-connected 270 UINT Read only
Number of PV power blocks stopped 271 UINT Read only
Number of PV power blocks without comms failure 272 UINT Read only

Ingeteam Plant status

Number of PV power blocks with comms failure 273 UINT Read only
Number of PV power blocks about to connect 274 UINT Read only
Number of inverters in LVRT 275 UINT Read only
12.2.2. Total status of battery-powered inverters

Number of STORAGE power blocks grid-connected 290 UINT Read only
Number of STORAGE power blocks stopped 291 UINT Read only
Number of STORAGE power blocks without comms failure 292 UINT Read only
Number of STORAGE power blocks with comms failure 293 UINT Read only
12.2.3. Total status of power analyzers

Number of power analyzers OK 310 UINT Read only
Number of power analyzers with comms failure 311 UINT Read only
12.2.4. Total status of BMS

Number of BMS at off state 330 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at initial state 331 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at standby state 332 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at nominal state 333 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at after run state 334 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at sleep state 335 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at safe state 336 UINT Read only
Number of BMS at precharge state 337 UINT Read only
Reserved 338 - 341 UINT Read only
Number of tripped BMS 342 UINT Read only
Number of BMS with major faults 343 UINT Read only
Number of BMS with minor faults 344 UINT Read only
Number of BMS with self-test in progress 345 UINT Read only
Number of BMS with comms failure 346 UINT Read only
12.2.5. Total status of capacitor banks

Number of capacitor banks OK 380 UINT Read only
Number of capacitor banks in automatic control mode 381 UINT Read only
Number of capacitor in local mode 383 UINT Read only
Number of capacitor banks with comms failure 385 UINT Read only
Number of capacitor banks steps to connect 386 UINT Read only
Number of capacitor banks steps connected 387 UINT Read only

12.3. Status of communications

12.3.1. Introduction
Given that the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller can communicate with all the devices in the PV plant, it offers
up-to-date information n the status of communications with each of these devices. This information can be read in
the following registers.
12.3.2. Status of communications with slave PLC

• Bit 0 activated: Failure when trying to read data from slave PLC.
• Bit 1 activated: Failure while trying to write commands to slave PLC.

PLC 1 890 UINT Read only
12.3.3. Status of communications with inverters

• Bit 0 activated: Failure when trying to read data from inverter.
• Bit 1 activated: Failure while trying to write commands to inverter.

Inverter 1 906 UINT Read only






12.3.4. Status of communications with power analyzers

If any of these registers shows a value different than zero (0), it means that there is a communication failure with
that particular power analyzer.

Power analyzer 1 1026 UINT Read only
12.3.5. Status of communications with batteries

If any of these registers shows a value different than zero (0), it means that there is a communication failure with
that particular BESS.

BESS 1 1042 UINT Read only


12.3.6. Status of communications with capacitor banks

If any of these particular registers shows a value different than zero (0), it means that there is a communication
failure with that particular capacitor bank.

Capacitor bank 1 1070 UINT Read only
Capacitor bank 2 1071 UINT Read only
12.4. Total plant data

As important information in addition to the status of the devices, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller offers
total production and availability data for the different plant devices, such as inverters, batteries, weather stations or
capacitor banks. The following sections provide details on the registers where this information can be read.
12.4.2. Total plant production data

Va 456 REAL kV Read only
Vb 458 REAL kV Read only
Vc 460 REAL kV Read only
Vn 462 REAL kV Read only
Ia 464 REAL A Read only
Ib 466 REAL A Read only
Ic 468 REAL A Read only
In 470 REAL A Read only
Vab 472 REAL kV Read only
Vbc 474 REAL kV Read only
Vca 476 REAL kV Read only
Vavg (ph-n) 478 REAL kV Read only
Iavg 480 REAL A Read only
Pa 482 REAL MW Read only
Pb 484 REAL MW Read only
Pc 486 REAL MW Read only
P 488 REAL MW Read only
Qa 490 REAL Mvar Read only
Qb 492 REAL Mvar Read only
Qc 494 REAL Mvar Read only
Q 496 REAL Mvar Read only
Sa 498 REAL MVA Read only


Sb 500 REAL MVA Read only
Sc 502 REAL MVA Read only
S 504 REAL MVA Read only
Cos phi(a) 506 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(b) 508 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(c) 510 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(avg) 512 REAL pu Read only
PFa 514 REAL pu Read only
PFb 516 REAL pu Read only
PFc 518 REAL pu Read only
PFavg 520 REAL pu Read only
Phi(a) 522 REAL º Read only
Phi(b) 524 REAL º Read only
Phi(c) 526 REAL º Read only
Phi(avg) 528 REAL º Read only
f 530 REAL Hz Read only
Vunbal 532 REAL % Read only
Iunbal 534 REAL % Read only
Reserved 536 - 547 REAL N/A Read only
f(10 s) 548 REAL Hz Read only
THD (Va/Vab) 550 REAL % Read only
THD (Vb/Vbc) 552 REAL % Read only
THD (Vc/Vca) 554 REAL % Read only
THD (Ia) 556 REAL % Read only
THD (Ib) 558 REAL % Read only
THD (Ic) 560 REAL % Read only
Voltage phase (Van-Vbn) 562 REAL º Read only
Voltage phase (Van-Vcn) 564 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ib) 566 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ic) 568 REAL º Read only
Q1a 570 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1b 572 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1c 574 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1 576 REAL Mvar Read only
Vavg (ph-ph) 578 REAL kV Read only
Ramp rate 580 REAL %/minute Read only
Rate of Change of Frequency 582 REAL mHz/s Read only

Total negative active energy 590 REAL MWh Read only
Total positive active energy 592 REAL MWh Read only
Total inductive reactive energy 594 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total capacitive reactive energy 596 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total apparent energy 598 REAL MVAh Read only

12.4.3. Instantaneous power capability at point of connection

Current active power limit 600 REAL MW Read only
Current positive reactive power limit 602 REAL Mvar Read only
Current negative reactive power limit 604 REAL Mvar Read only
12.4.4. Current line losses estimation

Active power losses 606 REAL MW Read only
Reactive power losses 608 REAL Mvar Read only
Phase-phase voltage losses 610 REAL kV Read only
12.4.5. Total battery data

Maximum charge power 616 REAL kW Read only
Maximum discharge power 618 REAL kW Read only
Current average power 620 REAL kW Read only
Minimum battery voltage 622 REAL V Read only
Maximum battery voltage 624 REAL V Read only
Minimum cell voltage 626 REAL V Read only
Máximum cell voltage 628 REAL V Read only
Minimum BESS temperatura 630 REAL ºC Read only
Maximum BESS temperatura 632 REAL ºC Read only
Average SOC 634 REAL % Read only
Average SOH 636 REAL % Read only
Available energy 638 REAL kWh Read only
12.4.6. Total weather station data

Beam Normal Irradiance 664 REAL W/m2 Read only
Diffuse Normal Irradiance 666 REAL W/m2 Read only
Global Normal Irradiance 668 REAL W/m2 Read only
Beam Horizontal Irradiance 672 REAL W/m2 Read only
Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance 674 REAL W/m2 Read only
Global Horizontal Irradiance 676 REAL W/m2 Read only
Cell temperature 680 REAL ºC Read only
Air temperatura 682 REAL ºC Read only
Solar elevation 686 REAL º Read only
Solar azimut 688 REAL º Read only
Solar declination 690 REAL º Read only
Relative Humidity 694 REAL % Read only
Precipitation 696 REAL mm Read only
Barometric pressure 698 REAL mbar Read only
Wind speed 700 REAL m/s Read only
Wind direction 702 REAL º to N Read only


Total available PV power 714 REAL MW Read only
Sun rise hour 716 UINT N/A Read only
Sun rise minute 717 UINT N/A Read only
Sun rise second 718 UINT N/A Read only
Sun transit hour 719 UINT N/A Read only
Sun transit minute 720 UINT N/A Read only
Sun transit second 721 UINT N/A Read only
Sun set hour 722 UINT N/A Read only
Sun set minute 723 UINT N/A Read only
Sun set second 724 UINT N/A Read only
The above total weather information corresponds to the values written in the following table, but after the proper
check of values within good range.

Beam Normal Irradiance 12500 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Diffuse Normal Irradiance 12502 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Global Normal Irradiance 12504 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Beam Horizontal Irradiance 12508 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance 12510 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Global Horizontal Irradiance 12512 REAL W/m2 Read and write
Cell temperature 12516 REAL ºC Read and write
Air temperatura 12518 REAL ºC Read and write
Solar elevation 12522 REAL º Read and write
Solar azimut 12524 REAL º Read and write
Solar declination 12526 REAL º Read and write
Relative Humidity 12530 REAL % Read and write
Precipitation 12532 REAL mm Read and write
Barometric pressure 12534 REAL mbar Read and write
Wind speed 12536 REAL m/s Read and write
Wind direction 12538 REAL º to N Read and write
12.4.7. Total capacitor bank data

Capacitor bank 1 – Number of steps switched in 730 UINT Read only
Capacitor bank 2 – Number of steps switched in 731 UINT Read only
Reserved 732 - 739 UINT Read only
12.5. Individual plant equipment information

By using the communications network with the different equipment installed in the plant and the information
management capacity of the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller, it is possible to obtain up-to-date information
on the status of each individual piece of plant equipment.
Information relating to equipment status and its instant production data are provided. This information can be read
in the following registers.

12.5.2. Individual inverter information

Average RMS current - Inverter 1 2000 REAL A Read only
Average RMS voltage - Inverter 1 2002 REAL kV Read only
Output active power - Inverter 1 2004 REAL MW Read only
Output reactive power - Inverter 1 2006 REAL Mvar Read only
DC bus voltage - Inverter 1 2008 REAL kV Read only
DC current - Inverter 1 2010 REAL A Read only
Ambient temperature - Inverter 1 2012 REAL ºC Read only
Heatsink Phase 1 temperature - Inverter 1 2014 REAL ºC Read only
*** *** *** *** ***
Average RMS current - Inverter 120 4380 REAL A Read only
Average RMS voltage - Inverter 120 4382 REAL kV Read only
Output active power - Inverter 120 4384 REAL MW Read only
Output reactive power - Inverter 120 4386 REAL Mvar Read only
DC bus voltage - Inverter 120 4388 REAL kV Read only
DC current - Inverter 120 4390 REAL A Read only
Ambient temperature - Inverter 120 4392 REAL ºC Read only
12.5.3. Individual analyzer information

Va - Analyzer 1 4640 REAL kV Read only
Vb - Analyzer 1 4642 REAL kV Read only
Vc - Analyzer 1 4644 REAL kV Read only
Vn - Analyzer 1 4646 REAL kV Read only
Ia - Analyzer 1 4648 REAL A Read only
Ib - Analyzer 1 4650 REAL A Read only
Ic - Analyzer 1 4652 REAL A Read only
In - Analyzer 1 4654 REAL A Read only
Vab - Analyzer 1 4656 REAL kV Read only
Vbc - Analyzer 1 4658 REAL kV Read only
Vca - Analyzer 1 4660 REAL kV Read only
Vavg (ph-n) - Analyzer 1 4662 REAL kV Read only
Iavg - Analyzer 1 4664 REAL A Read only
Pa - Analyzer 1 4666 REAL MW Read only
Pb - Analyzer 1 4668 REAL MW Read only
Pc - Analyzer 1 4670 REAL MW Read only
P - Analyzer 1 4672 REAL MW Read only
Qa - Analyzer 1 4674 REAL Mvar Read only
Qb - Analyzer 1 4676 REAL Mvar Read only
Qc - Analyzer 1 4678 REAL Mvar Read only
Q - Analyzer 1 4680 REAL Mvar Read only


Sa - Analyzer 1 4682 REAL MVA Read only
Sb - Analyzer 1 4684 REAL MVA Read only
Sc - Analyzer 1 4686 REAL MVA Read only
S - Analyzer 1 4688 REAL MVA Read only
Cos phi(a) - Analyzer 1 4690 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(b) - Analyzer 1 4692 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(c) - Analyzer 1 4694 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(avg) - Analyzer 1 4696 REAL pu Read only
PFa - Analyzer 1 4698 REAL pu Read only
PFb - Analyzer 1 4700 REAL pu Read only
PFc - Analyzer 1 4702 REAL pu Read only
PFavg - Analyzer 1 4704 REAL pu Read only
Phi(a) - Analyzer 1 4706 REAL º Read only
Phi(b) - Analyzer 1 4708 REAL º Read only
Phi(c) - Analyzer 1 4710 REAL º Read only
Phi(avg) - Analyzer 1 4712 REAL º Read only
f - Analyzer 1 4714 REAL Hz Read only
Vunbal - Analyzer 1 4716 REAL % Read only
Iunbal - Analyzer 1 4718 REAL % Read only
Reserved - Analyzer 1 4720 - 4731 REAL N/A Read only
f (10 s) - Analyzer 1 4732 REAL Hz Read only
THD (Va/Vab) - Analyzer 1 4734 REAL % Read only
THD (Vb/Vbc) - Analyzer 1 4736 REAL % Read only
THD (Vc/Vca) - Analyzer 1 4738 REAL % Read only
THD (Ia) - Analyzer 1 4740 REAL % Read only
THD (Ib) - Analyzer 1 4742 REAL % Read only
THD (Ic) - Analyzer 1 4744 REAL % Read only
Voltage phase (Vab-Vbc) - Analyzer 1 4746 REAL º Read only
Voltage phase (Vab-Vca) - Analyzer 1 4748 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ib) - Analyzer 1 4750 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ic) - Analyzer 1 4752 REAL º Read only
Q1a - Analyzer 1 4754 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1b - Analyzer 1 4756 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1c - Analyzer 1 4758 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1 - Analyzer 1 4760 REAL Mvar Read only
Vavg (ph-ph) - Analyzer 1 4762 REAL kV Read only
Total negative active energy - Analyzer 1 4764 REAL MWh Read only
Total positive active energy - Analyzer 1 4766 REAL MWh Read only
Total inductive reactive energy - Analyzer 1 4768 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total capacitive reactive energy - Analyzer 1 4770 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total apparent energy - Analyzer 1 4772 REAL MVAh Read only
***
Va - Analyzer 12 6114 REAL kV Read only
Vb - Analyzer 12 6116 REAL kV Read only
Vc - Analyzer 12 6118 REAL kV Read only
Vn - Analyzer 12 6120 REAL kV Read only
Ia - Analyzer 12 6122 REAL A Read only


Ib - Analyzer 12 6124 REAL A Read only
Ic - Analyzer 12 6126 REAL A Read only
In - Analyzer 12 6128 REAL A Read only
Vab - Analyzer 12 6130 REAL kV Read only
Vbc - Analyzer 12 6132 REAL kV Read only
Vca - Analyzer 12 6134 REAL kV Read only
Vavg (ph-n) - Analyzer 12 6136 REAL kV Read only
Iavg - Analyzer 12 6138 REAL A Read only
Pa - Analyzer 12 6140 REAL MW Read only
Pb - Analyzer 12 6142 REAL MW Read only
Pc - Analyzer 12 6144 REAL MW Read only
P - Analyzer 12 6146 REAL MW Read only
Qa - Analyzer 12 6148 REAL Mvar Read only
Qb - Analyzer 12 6150 REAL Mvar Read only
Qc - Analyzer 12 6152 REAL Mvar Read only
Q - Analyzer 12 6154 REAL Mvar Read only
Sa - Analyzer 12 6156 REAL MVA Read only
Sb - Analyzer 12 6158 REAL MVA Read only
Sc - Analyzer 12 6160 REAL MVA Read only
S - Analyzer 12 6162 REAL MVA Read only
Cos phi(a) - Analyzer 12 6164 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(b) - Analyzer 12 6166 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(c) - Analyzer 12 6168 REAL pu Read only
Cos phi(avg) - Analyzer 12 6170 REAL pu Read only
PFa - Analyzer 12 6172 REAL pu Read only
PFb - Analyzer 12 6174 REAL pu Read only
PFc - Analyzer 12 6176 REAL pu Read only
PFavg - Analyzer 12 6178 REAL pu Read only
Phi(a) - Analyzer 12 6180 REAL º Read only
Phi(b) - Analyzer 12 6182 REAL º Read only
Phi(c) - Analyzer 12 6184 REAL º Read only
Phi(avg) - Analyzer 12 6186 REAL º Read only
f - Analyzer 12 6188 REAL Hz Read only
Vunbal - Analyzer 12 6190 REAL % Read only
Iunbal - Analyzer 12 6192 REAL % Read only
Reserved - Analyzer 12 6194-6195 REAL N/A Read only
f (10 s) - Analyzer 12 6206 REAL Hz Read only
THD (Va/Vab) - Analyzer 12 6208 REAL % Read only
THD (Vb/Vbc) - Analyzer 12 6210 REAL % Read only
THD (Vc/Vca) - Analyzer 12 6212 REAL % Read only
THD (Ia) - Analyzer 12 6214 REAL % Read only
THD (Ib) - Analyzer 12 6216 REAL % Read only
THD (Ic) - Analyzer 12 6218 REAL % Read only
Voltage phase (Vab-Vbc) - Analyzer 12 6220 REAL º Read only
Voltage phase (Vab-Vca) - Analyzer 12 6222 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ib) - Analyzer 12 6224 REAL º Read only
Current phase (Ia-Ic) - Analyzer 12 6226 REAL º Read only


Q1a - Analyzer 12 6228 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1b - Analyzer 12 6230 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1c - Analyzer 12 6232 REAL Mvar Read only
Q1 - Analyzer 12 6234 REAL Mvar Read only
Vavg (ph-ph - Analyzer 12 6236 REAL kV Read only
Total negative active energy - Analyzer 12 6238 REAL MWh Read only
Total positive active energy - Analyzer 12 6240 REAL MWh Read only
Total inductive reactive energy - Analyzer 12 6242 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total capacitive reactive energy - Analyzer 12 6244 REAL Mvarh Read only
Total apparent energy - Analyzer 12 6246 REAL MVAh Read only
12.5.4. Individual battery information

ESS mode – BMS 1 6900 UINT Read only
ESS status – BMS 1 6901 UINT Read only
BMS Fault Code Word 1 – BMS 1 6902 UINT Read only
BMS Alarm Code Word 1 – BMS 1 6906 UINT Read only
Watchdog response – BMS 1 6910 INT Read only
ESS heartbeat – BMS 1 6911 UINT Read only
BMS Digital input – BMS 1 6912 UINT Read only
System alarm status – BMS 1 6913 UINT Read only
Number of Strings connected – BMS 1 6914 UINT Read only
Number of Strings installed – BMS 1 6915 UINT Read only
Reserved – BMS 1 6916-6923 UINT Read only

Charge voltage limit – BMS 1 6924 REAL V Read only
Discharge voltage limit – BMS 1 6926 REAL V Read only
Continuous charge current limit – BMS 1 6928 REAL A Read only
Continuous discharge current – BMS 1 6930 REAL A Read only
Continuous charge power – BMS 1 6932 REAL kW Read only
Continuous discharge power – BMS 1 6934 REAL kW Read only
Reserved – BMS 1 6936-6937 UINT N/A Read only

Capacity – BMS 1 6938 REAL kWh Read only
State Of Charge – BMS 1 6940 REAL % Read only
State Of Health – BMS 1 6942 REAL % Read only
Heater current – BMS 1 6944 REAL A Read only
ESS Inner voltage – BMS 1 6946 REAL A Read only
ESS outter voltage – BMS 1 6948 REAL V Read only


Total ESS inner current – BMS 1 6950 REAL A Read only
Minimum cell voltage – BMS 1 6952 REAL V Read only
Maximum cell voltage – BMS 1 6954 REAL V Read only
Minimum BESS temperature – BMS 1 6956 REAL ºC Read only
Maximum BESS temperature – BMS 1 6958 REAL ºC Read only

ESS mode – BMS 28 8250 UINT Read only
ESS status – BMS 28 8251 UINT Read only
Watchdog response – BMS 28 8260 UINT Read only
ESS heartbeat – BMS 28 8261 UINT Read only
BMS Digital input – BMS 28 8262 UINT Read only
System alarm status – BMS 28 8263 UINT Read only
Number of Strings connected – BMS 28 8264 UINT Read only
Number of Strings installed – BMS 28 8265 UINT Read only
Reserved – BMS 28 8266-8273 UINT Read only

Charge voltage limit – BMS 28 8274 REAL V Read only
Discharge voltage limit – BMS 28 8276 REAL V Read only
Continuous charge current limit – BMS 28 8278 REAL A Read only
Continuous discharge current – BMS 28 8280 REAL A Read only
Continuous charge power – BMS 28 8282 REAL kW Read only
Continuous discharge power – BMS 28 8284 REAL kW Read only
Reserved – BMS 28 8285-8286 UINT N/A Read only

Capacity – BMS 28 8288 REAL kWh Read only
State Of Charge – BMS 28 8290 REAL % Read only
State Of Health – BMS 28 8292 REAL % Read only
Heater current – BMS 28 8294 REAL A Read only
ESS Inner voltage – BMS 28 8296 REAL A Read only
ESS outter voltage – BMS 28 8298 REAL V Read only
Total ESS inner current – BMS 28 8300 REAL A Read only
Minimum cell voltage – BMS 28 8302 REAL V Read only
Maximum cell voltage – BMS 28 8304 REAL V Read only
Minimum BESS temperature – BMS 28 8306 REAL ºC Read only
Maximum BESS temperature – BMS 28 8308 REAL ºC Read only

12.5.5. Individual capacitor bank information

Control mode:
-0: Auto, PPC gives commands 10944 UINT N/A Read only
-1: manual, SCADA gives commands
Number of steps switched in 10945 UINT N/A Read only
12.6. Control status

There is another memory area in the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller where most important control
parameters can be read. These registers are the following:

Active Power controller - Proportional gain (Kp) 1540 REAL N/A Read only
Active Power controller - Integral time constant (Ti) 1542 REAL s Read only
Active Power controller - Derivative time constant (Td) 1544 REAL s Read only
Active Power controller - Deadband (Db) 1546 REAL % Read only
Active Power controller - Cutoff frequency of reference
filter
Active Power controller in hold 1550 UINT N/A Read only
Active Power controller in automatic mode 1551 UINT N/A Read only
Active Power controller in upper saturation 1552 UINT N/A Read only
Active Power controller in lower saturation 1553 UINT N/A Read only
Active Power controller - Setpoint 1554 REAL % Read only
Active Power controller - Actual value 1556 REAL % Read only
Active Power controller - Output 1558 REAL % Read only

Reactive Power controller - Proportional gain (Kp) 1560 REAL N/A Read only
Reactive Power controller - Integral time constant (Ti) 1562 REAL s Read only
Reactive Power controller - Derivative time constant
1564 REAL s Read only
(Td)
Reactive Power controller - Deadband (Db) 1566 REAL % Read only
Reactive Power controller - Cutoff frequency of
reference filter
Reactive Power controller in hold 1570 UINT N/A Read only
Reactive Power controller in automatic mode 1571 UINT N/A Read only
Reactive Power controller in upper saturation 1572 UINT N/A Read only
Reactive Power controller in lower saturation 1573 UINT N/A Read only
Reactive Power controller - Setpoint 1574 REAL % Read only
Reactive Power controller - Actual value 1576 REAL % Read only
Reactive Power controller - Output 1578 REAL % Read only

Voltage controller - Proportional gain (Kp) 1580 REAL N/A Read only
Voltage controller - Integral time constant (Ti) 1582 REAL s Read only
Voltage controller - Derivative time constant (Td) 1584 REAL s Read only
Voltage controller - Deadband (Db) 1586 REAL % Read only
Voltage controller - Cutoff frequency of reference filter 1588 REAL Hz Read only
Voltage controller in hold 1590 UINT N/A Read only
Voltage controller in automatic mode 1591 UINT N/A Read only


Voltage controller in upper saturation 1592 UINT N/A Read only
Voltage controller in lower saturation 1593 UINT N/A Read only
Voltage controller - Setpoint 1594 REAL % Read only
Voltage controller - Actual value 1596 REAL % Read only
Voltage controller - Output 1598 REAL % Read only

Voltage Droop Control - Droop 1600 REAL % Read only
Voltage Droop Control - Deadband 1602 REAL % Read only
Voltage Droop Control - Cutoff frequency of reference
filter
Voltage Droop Control - Q reference filter in Hold 1606 UINT N/A Read only

External Voltage Droop Control - Droop 1620 REAL % Read only
External Voltage Droop Control - Deadband 1622 REAL % Read only
External Voltage Droop Control - Cutoff frequency of
reference filter
External Voltage Droop Control - Q reference filter in
1626 UINT N/A Read only
Hold

Active power setpoint to PV inverter 1980 REAL % Read only
Reactive power setpoint to PV inverter 1982 REAL % Read only
Active power setpoint to STORAGE inverter 1984 REAL % Read only
Reactive power setpoint to STORAGE inverter 1986 REAL % Read only
In some ocassions, there is need to limit the maximum reactive power range of inverters, in order to guarantee
the solar farm will operate within acceptable limits. To allow that configuration, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant
Controller provides 2 registers in which these reactive power setpoint limits can be written. Whenever these
registers are different than zero, the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller will consider these values for limiting the
maximum positive and negative reactive power commands to inverters.
The limits are expressed in percentage, which power base is the rated apparent power of an individual inverter.

Maximum reactive power command to inverter 12290 REAL Read/write
Minimum reactive power command to inverte 12292 REAL Read/write
12.7. Digital inputs

Several digital inputs are gathered by the PPC in order to monitors the status of the own PPC cabinet. In addition,
this information is provided by the PPC to any client by serving these digital signals through the following Modbus
addresses.
On each particular project, the actual input list may differ, depending on the actual INGECON SUN EMS Plant
Controller engineering design. So an individual digital input assignment list will be provided in the project that
requires it.

Digital inputs word 1 13000 WORD Read only
Digital inputs word 2 13001 WORD Read only

Ingeteam PLC hardware interface
13. PLC hardware interface

13.1. Introduction
The INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller has an internal PLC that acts as the main controller and communications
interface with the plant devices. The front panel of this PLC includes LEDs and a small switch for a visual
indication of the status of the device, or to modify its status. The PLC can also include digital and/or analog input
and/or output cards, which provide certain signaling for information on their status. These elements are explained
in detail below.
13.2. Operation mode switch
IC3101CC model CPU with operation mode switch and signaling LEDs
The CPU module indicated with a label on the bottom includes a switch on the front panel to configure the
processor operation mode. The switch has three positions, one being the default or standby position, which is its
position when it is not operating. By turning the switch, the processor module can be configured into one of the
following three operation modes:
• ON: Run mode (middle position)
• Normal operation mode. In this position, the processor module runs the main program and other
internal tasks.
• TST: Test mode (right-hand position)
• This force the module to stop. To enter this mode, the switch must remain in the right-hand position
while the module is being powered up or when already running by keeping the switch in this position
for at least 2 seconds.
• OFF: Reset mode (left-hand position)
• Keep the switch in the left-hand position for at least 2 seconds for the processor module to reset.
13.3. Signaling LEDs

Below is a description of the meaning of the main LED signaling elements:
LOCATION LED LABEL (COLOR) MEANING

Remains lit when the
CPU Power PWR (red)
processor is powered up
ON (green) PLC active
CPU Status ON: Remains lit
OK (yellow) PLC in test mode

PLC hardware interface Ingeteam
LOCATION LED LABEL (COLOR) MEANING

Remains lit Link inactive
CPU Ethernet link status L (green) Switched off No link
Flashing Link active
Remains lit 100 Mbits/s
CPU Ethernet link speed S (yellow)
Switched off 10 Mbits/s
Remains lit 24 V power correct
PS Input voltage INPUT (green)
Switched off 24 V power incorrect
Remains lit 5 or 3.3 V power correct
PS Internal PLC voltage 5.0 V, 3.3 V (green) 5 or 3.3 V power
Switched off
incorrect

Ingeteam Troubleshooting
14. Troubleshooting
This chapter suggests solutions or action to take in light of different events that could lead the equipment to
operate abnormally or incorrectly.
14.1. Communications failure with the PLC

First detect that there are no communications with the PLC by way of a negative response to a ping command.
If the PLC does not respond, first check that the PLC and the switch on the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller
are powered up, that the switch is on, with communications active and the Ethernet cables are not loose.
Once this has been verified, check that the PLC is in RUN mode according to the LED signaling on its front panel
(red LED PWR remains lit, green LED ON remains lit, yellow LED OK flashing).
To return the PLC CPU to normal RUN mode, re-transmit the program. Should this step fail to solve the problem,
the PLC processor module must be replaced.
14.2. Communications failure with analyzer

A maintained communications failure is detected after having seen in the corresponding register of the
INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller that one or several analyzers no longer communicate. In light of this
situation, the unit protects the installation by switching to a safe operation mode.
If the response to the ping command from a computer to the IP address of the faulty analyzer continues to be
negative, proceed as follows:
• Check that the analyzer and the switch are correctly powered up and operating according to their
corresponding LED signals.
• Check that the Ethernet cables on the analyzer and the switch are correctly connected
• Once these points have been checked, if the analyzer continues to respond incorrectly to the ping
command, check that its IP address is correct. If correct, replace the appliance. If not, configure the
analyzer using the appropriate parameters and start the above checks again.
14.3. Communications failure with inverters

If the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller and/or SCADA, where applicable, indicates the existence of a
communications failure with a certain inverter, check that the response from this equipment to a ping command
from a computer connected over the same plant network is negative.
In the event of a negative response to the ping command, check that the inverter is correctly powered up and the
communications cables are connected appropriately.
In the event of a loss of communications with an inverter, it will save the latest active and reactive power
setpoints received in its internal memory. Remove DC voltage from the inverter to reset it. This will ensure the
maximum active power available (MPPT mode) will be delivered and zero reactive power until communications are
re-established.

Troubleshooting Ingeteam
14.4. Control failure

If the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller is seen not to control the electrical values of the point of connection
(POC) as it should for too long, proceed as follows:
• Check that the equipment power analyzer measurements are correct from their display. These
measurements must be similar to those taken on the substation using the corresponding tarification
analyzer or similar appliance, where applicable.
• Where the measurements are not the same, or where they are incorrect or inconsistent, check that the
signals from the medium-voltage and current transformers in the substation are correct.
• First, check that the connection cables for these signals are correctly secured to the corresponding
terminals.
• Secondly, measure these signals using an oscilloscope or multimeter.
• Finally, if the signals received from the transformers are correct but the analyzer measurements are
not, replace it.
• If the measurements are correct, check that the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller HW is not visibly
damaged, primarily the analyzer, the switch and the PLC. Also check that the PLC processor is in RUN
mode.
• If the HW is not damaged, and the PLC is in RUN mode, replace the PLC.

Ingeteam Appendix 1: Knowing and modifying the IP configuration of a computer with Windows OS
15. Appendix 1: Knowing and modifying the IP configuration

of a computer with Windows OS
15.1. Introduction to the concept of the IP address and subnet mask
All equipment that connects using an IP (Internet Protocol) in a communications network shares certain
characteristics that define each network node. These characteristics include the IP address and the subnet mask.
The IP address and the subnet mask are formed by 4 numerical fields, normally separated by period marks, which
may have a value of between 0 and 255 (8 bits). The subnet mask establishes the number of bits forming the IP
address that are to identify a subnet and how may are to address the equipment.
For example, the IP address 192.168.2.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is indicating that the equipment is in
subnet 192.168.2 and that it has address 1.
15.2. IP configuration of a computer with Windows operating

system
Some computers that are to be connected to the INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller PLC by Ethernet cable must
be configured so that they are in the same subnet as the PLC. Once the IP configuration of the PLC is known, all
that is required and, where necessary, modified, is the computer’s IP configuration.
The explanation given below corresponds to the Windows 7 operating system, which is one of the most commonly-
used in work computers.
1. From the Windows Start menu, access the Control panel.
2. Access Network and sharing center.
3. Click on the blue Local area connection tag corresponding to the computer port to be connected to the
PLC.
4. Enter Details to open the window with information on the IP configuration of that connection.
5. Locate the IPv4 address and IPv4 Subnet Mask fields in the pop-up window.
6. To edit this configuration, close the pop-up window with the current data of this configuration and click
on the Properties button in the pop-up window titled Local Area Connection Status.
7. Select the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) field and click on Properties.

Appendix 1: Knowing and modifying the IP configuration of a computer with Windows OS Ingeteam
8. Select the Use the following IP address option instead of Obtain IP address automatically.
9. Enter the new required IP configuration in the IP Address and Subnet mask fields.

Ingeteam Appendix 2: IP configuration of the PLC
16. Appendix 2: IP configuration of the PLC

INFO
See document ABP2011IQM01 for information on the configuration of the INGECON EMS Plant Controller.
16.1. Discover current PLC IP configuration

Sometimes, the IP configuration of the PLC is unknown, and it is important to know it, in case any remote log in
or configuration change needs to be made. In order to know the current PLC IP configuration, user has to simply
introduce a non-encrypted USB drive into the USB port of the PLC’s CPU, and leave it there for at least 10
seconds. By taking this step, PLC will discover the new hardware, and it will write is current IP configuration into
an XML file in the root directory of the USB drive. After the USB drive is taken out from the PLC’s CPU, it is ready
to be opened in computer and read the XML IP configuration file.
16.2. Check the connection between a computer and the PLC

Once the IP address and the subnet mask of the PLC have been set, check the computer’s address to ensure:
• The two systems belong to the same subnet.
• The two systems have different IP addresses.
Once the systems have been configured, check whether there is a connection between them by running the “Ping”
command from the computer. To do so, open the Run window in the Windows Start menu. Enter “ping IP_PLC” on
the command line, where IP_PLC are the four numerical fields separated by period marks.
If the connection is correct, a window will be displayed containing information on the responses from the PLC. If
no response is received, check:
• That the PLC has been switched on.
• That the IP addresses and subnet masks are correct.
• That the computer network card is active.
• That the network cable is correctly connected on both systems.
16.3. Change the PLC’s IP configuration

Once the connection between the PLC and the computer has been checked to be correct, the configuration can be
modified via an FTP client, such as Filezilla.
The PLC has several memory areas that can be accessed through FTP protocol, and these different areas are
accessed with different users and password. In the case of the Ethernet configuration, the FTP user that must be
used is “IC3SYSTEM”. The password for this user is also “IC3SYSTEM”.
Note: the user and password fields are not case sensitive.
Below an example screenshot is shown:

Appendix 2: IP configuration of the PLC Ingeteam
Once, the IC3SYSTEM memory area has been accessed the following folder structure will appear:
In the CONFIG folder, there is an XML file that includes the current IP configuration. This file is the same as the
PLC would have written in the USB drive if the first step of this chapter had been followed.
This XML file has the format of the example below:
The XML file of the PLC memory can be downloaded to a local computer for editing purposes.
In order to change the IP configuration of the PLC, the XML file of the PLC memory has to be overwritten with
another file which has the same name, but the new configuration data.
After the new XML file is uploaded into the PLC, it has to be reset, as it is explained in the following chapter.
16.4. PLC reset

A PLC reset is needed in several ocassions, for instance: a communication configuration change, a configuration
modification, etc. So, it is important to know how to perform this simple task. There are two ways of doing it. One
needs to be performed locally, and the other can be done locally or remotely.
1. Switch off the power supply from the PLC. Wait at least for 30 seconds, and turn it on again. PLC will
take at least 2 minutes before being fully restarted.
2. Connect to the PLC via an FTP client, like FileZilla. Connect to the PLC’s IP and the following user
“INGETEAMADMIN”. The password for this user is the IP address, but getting rid of the dots between
figures. For instance, if the PLC’s IP address is 90.0.0.2, the password for the “INGETEAMADMIN” user
will be: “90002”.
See an example screenshot below:
Then, introduce a remote customized command: “RST”. Once the user executes this commands, the PLC will
restart. Communications will be interrupted for a while, and after at least 2 minutes, PLC will be fully restarted,
applying the latest configurations.

Notes
Notes
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ABP2011IQE02_C
03/2020
Ingeteam Power Technology, S.A.

www.ingeteam.com

INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller - User Manual EN (ABP2011IQE02 - C)

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INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller - User Manual EN (ABP2011IQE02 - C)

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INGECON SUN EMS Plant Controller

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 3

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ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 5

8.1. Primary control PF curve............................................................................................................... 31

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ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 7

1. About this manual

DANGER This indicates a hazard to personnel or the inverter.

CAUTION Indicates importance.

INFO Additional information or references to other parts of the document or documents.

APC Active Power Curtailment

8 ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual

POC Point Of Connection

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 9

INGECON EMS Plant Controller

PV array INGECON SUN

Example of the INGECON SUN Plant Controller installation

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2.2. Models available

2.3. Main components

Circuit breakers Electronic fuses

PLC: CPU + Modbus TCP

Power supply Power analyzer (2)

RTU (1) O&M socket

Internal digital inputs

Terminal blocks (3)

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 11

2.3.1. Terminal blocks for power supply and CT/VT secondaries

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2.4. Optional accessories

2.4.1. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

2.4.2. Optical fiber patch-panels

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 13

2.6. Specification table

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3.2. Base address and hexadecimal notation

3.4. Data format

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 15

IEC 61131-3 data

3.4.1. REAL format

Numeric value = -1sign . 2exponent . Mantissa

3.5. Ethernet Connections

16 ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual

4.2. Generator convention

4.3. Meaning of the signs in active and reactive power

⃗= + 0 = | |∠0 ; ⃗= + = | | · cos(− ) + | | · sin(− ) = | |∠ −

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 17

Four active and reactive power quadrants

18 ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual

3 delayed rises <0 <0 <0 >0 Ix V x

4 delayed rises >0 <0 >0 >0 Ix V x

4.4. Reactive power classifications

4.4.1. Positive/negative – Supply/Consumption

4.4.2. Positive/negative – Capacitive/inductive

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 19

4.4.3. Positive/negative – Lagging/Leading

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5. Date and time reading

5.2. Details of the registers

Name Address Format Register type Minimum value Maximum value

ABP2011IQE02_C - User manual 21