DIFFERENT UNITS AND DEPARTMENTS IN A HOSPITAL

1. Triage- A primary triage area should be established at the point of entry into the healthcare facility, where patients are
rapidly screened
2. Administration Building- administrative service, particularly admitting office and business office, shall be located
near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices for hospital management can be located in private areas.
3. Dietary Section- dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25-meter distance.
4. Emergency Room- emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure immediate access.

• It should have a separate entry and exit. The road should reach till the emergency entrance for making it
accessible to ambulance. The road should also allow for easy U-turn of the ambulance.

• The front entrance of the emergency should be wide enough for easily moving two or more stretchers at the same
time
• The doors of the emergency department should be open outside and not be locked from inside. It’s door should be
broad enough to let stretchers and wheelchairs in.
• The stretchers and wheelchairs should be available immediately outside the main entrance. A signboard can be
put to recognize the area within no time.
• In emergency department, there should be dedicated areas for triage, emergency processes for instance- wound
care, fracture handling etc. There should be an observation area. Others support areas that should be there in
emergency includes, nursing station, store (separately for clean and dirty items) and duty doctor room and
isolation room.
• As emergency plays a significant role during mass casualty. All arrangement is required in emergency
department. This includes complete storage of medicines and consumables required during mass casualty and
identification of a place where mass casualty patients can be accommodated.
• The emergency department should have sufficient space for carrying out patient care activities and circulation
• Facility should be protected to exemplify – floor must be non-slippery, complete electrical and fire safety, no
accidental spots etc.
• Inter-bed distance in emergency department to be maintained at around 6 feet in emergency observation ward
• Hand washing area easily accessible to healthcare staff.
• Accessibility of fire-fighting equipment.
• Crash cart placed at a location from where it could be immediately accessed.
• Patient’s washroom should have safety arrangements for instance non-slippery mats, emergency call button, grab
bars, door opening outside, latch type locking which can be opened from outside.
• Adequate privacy arrangement for patient, for example draw curtains during any procedures.
• Bio-medical waste bins as per BMW rules.
• Separate or segregated storage area for clean and dirty supplies
• Emergency exit route and its display.
• Should be accessible to laboratories
•
5. Outpatient Department- An outpatient department or outpatient clinic is the part of a hospital designed for the
treatment of outpatients, people with health problems who visit the hospital for diagnosis or treatment, but do not at this
time require a bed or to be admitted for overnight care.

6. Clinics & OBGYN- A clinic is a healthcare facility where you receive outpatient care. The Obstetrics-Gynecology
Ward is a Rooming-In Unit and will accommodate parturient and post-partum mothers, normal or operative and their
infants.
7. Surgical and Obstetrical Service- surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.

• Operating Room- shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis.
• Dressing Room- shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical garments.
• Nurse Station- shall be located to permit visual observation of patient movement.
 • Delivery Room- delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic. The delivery room
shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis. The nursery shall be separate but
immediately accessible from the delivery room.

• Scrub-up Area- enclosed, dedicated area for pre-operative scrubbing, gowning and gloving prior to entering the
operating theatre. Minimum of 11m² per operating room (to allow sufficient space for a minimum of three
people). The scrub room should be large enough to allow staff to scrub up, gown and circulate without risk of
contaminating each other or contamination from the surrounding fittings. Should be situated off the clean passage,
in a separate room adjacent to, and in front of, the theatre entrance - i.e. the scrub-up area should be directly
accessible from the OTU corridor and from the associated operating or procedure room.
• Set-up Room- is the clean workroom in the OTU where clean or sterile materials are held and arranged prior to
use in the operating theatres. Instrument packs and other sterile packs required for the day surgery are delivered to
the set-up room from CSSD. Here the scrub nurse will set up for a procedure, before the full surgical team are
present, opening sterile items and instrument packs on trolleys to check that all the required equipment is present
and sterile.
Each theatre should have a set-up room which is outside but adjacent to the operating theatre, and which has
direct access to the operating theatre.
Sharing of one set-up room between two operating theatres is acceptable, provided the layout and size of the room
facilitates such sharing. Set-up rooms may be combined with the sterile stock store with direct access to the
operating theatre.
A minimum of 12m² per operating room (or 20m² where one set-up room is shared between two operating rooms)
should be provided. Larger set-up rooms are required for operating rooms where organ-transplant surgery and
orthopedic surgery take place (more trolleys are required to be set up prior to operating).
• Sub-sterile Area- was typically placed between two operating rooms to provide “flash” or emergent
sterilization of unwrapped items to be used immediately in the operating room.
• Clean-up Area- is used for rinsing and cleaning of medical equipment used in the Operating Rooms or Procedure
Rooms.
8.Nursing Unit -nursing service shall be segregated from public areas.
• Nurse Station- shall be located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be provided in all
inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse station for every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms
and wards shall be of sufficient size to allow for work flow and patient movement.
• Toilets- shall be immediately accessible from rooms and wards.
• NICU- shall be a distinct area within the health care facility, with controlled access and a controlled environment.
It shall provide effective circulation of staff, family, and equipment. Traffic to other services shall not pass
through the unit. The NICU shall be in close and controlled proximity to the area of the hospital where births
occur.
• Isolation rooms- are special hospital rooms that keep patients separate from other people while they receive
medical care. Isolation rooms are needed for patients who have certain medical conditions or infections, often in
the skin, the lungs or airways, or the intestines.
• Recovery room- is a room in a hospital where patients are placed after they have had an operation under
anesthesia, so that they can be monitored while they recover. A room where the patient is recovered after surgery
before being sent back to the ward.
• Medication Room- is a room for storage, preparation or dispensing of drugs and medications. The room may
include automated medication dispensing systems which should be installed to manufacturers' specifications.
Controlled access and secure storage is required. The Medication Room should be under visual observation of
staff. Special Design Considerations; - The room layout should allow for future installation of automated
medications systems with minimal alterations

9. Central Sterilizing and Supply Room- The central sterile services department (CSSD), also called sterile processing
department (SPD), sterile processing, central supply department (CSD), or central supply, is an integrated place in
hospitals and other health care facilities that performs sterilization and other actions on medical devices, equipment and
consumables; for subsequent use by health workers in the operating theatre of the hospital and also for other aseptic
procedures, e.g. catheterization, wound stitching and bandaging in a medical, surgical, maternity or pediatric ward.

10. Nursing Service Office- operates in collaboration with other departments, responsible for planning its own activities,
organizing its resources, leading and controlling the manpower to realize the vision and mission both of the services and
of the hospital. It serves with direct general nursing care, specialty nursing care, nursing manpower, training and nursing
research.

11. Office of the Chief Nurse- The Chief Nurse heads the Nursing Service composed of Clinical Nursing Units,
Operating Room, Critical Care Units, Delivery Room, Emergency Room, Out Patient Department, Central Supply and
Sterilization Unit, Dialysis Unit and other facilities, which means the Office of the Chief Nurse should be near the nursing
service office.

12. Medical laboratory or Clinical laboratory- is a laboratory where tests are usually done on clinical specimens in
order to obtain information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
disease. Clinical laboratories are thus focused on applied science mainly on a production-like basis, as opposed to research
laboratories that focus on basic science on an academic basis.

13. Radiology- The Department of Radiology provides radiograph, ultrasound and CT scan procedures includes but not
limited to routine radiographic and fluoroscopy procedures, portable x-ray procedures, as well as special procedures
(biopsies) and C-arm machine operation.

14. Pharmacy- The pharmacy in a hospital is typically located in the "pharmacy" or "pharmacy services" department,
often near the main entrance or close to the outpatient clinics.

15. Cadaver Holding Area- Holding room means the area in a funeral home, crematory facility, or embalming
facility exclusively used for the preparation (other than embalming) and holding of dead human bodies for
burial or final disposition, the Body Holding Area provides refrigerated space for the temporary storage of dead bodies.

16. Morgue- The Mortuary Unit or “Morgue” is a facility for the temporary holding and storage of bodies. It may also be
used for viewing and/ or identification of the diseased persons.

HOSPITAL ZONING
Outer Zone- accessible to the public, near the entrance
▪ emergency, outpatient, administrative service
Second Zone- received workload from outer zone, near the outer zone
▪ laboratory, pharmacy, radiology
Inner Zone- nursing care and management of patients, located in private areas but accessible to
guests
▪ nursing service
Deeper Zone- require asepsis, segregated from the public areas but accessible to the outer,
second, and inner zones
▪ surgical, delivery, nursery, intensive care
Service Zone- support, away from normal traffic
▪ dietary service, housekeeping, maintenance like mortuary

STAFFING PATTERN FOR 25 BED CAPACITY HOSPITAL

1.OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF HOSPITAL 2.MEDICAL SERVICE
1 Chief of Hospital II A. OUTPATIENT UNIT
1 Administrative Assistant II 1 Medical Officer IV
1 Computer Maintenance Technologist I 1 Health Education & Promotion Officer II
1 Psychologist I
1 Nurse I
1 Nursing Attendant I
B. EMERGENCY ROOM
1 Medical Officer IV
3 Nurse II
1 Nursing Attendant I
C. CLINICAL UNITS
5 Medical Specialist II
1 Medical Officer IV
5 Medical Officer III
D. CLINICAL LABORATORY
1 Medical Specialist II
1 Medical Technologist II
2 Medical Technologist I
1 Laboratory Technician I
• Blood Station
2 Medical Technologist I
1 Laboratory Technician I
E. RADIOLOGY
1 Medical Specialist III
1 Radiologic Technologist II
1 Radiologic Technologist I
1 Administrative Aide IV
F. HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
1 Administrative Officer III
2 Data Controller I
G. HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
1 Administrative Officer III
2 Data Controller I
• Admitting/ Information
4 Administrative Assistant II
H. NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
1 Nutritionist- Dietitian II
2 Cook II
1 Administrative Aide IV
I. PHARMACY
1 Pharmacist II
2 Pharmacist I
1 Administrative Aide IV
J. MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK
1 Social Welfare Officer II
1 Social Welfare Assistant
3. NURSING SERVICE
A. OFFICE OF THE NURSE SUPERVISOR
1 Nurse V
B. CLINICAL NURSING UNITS
1 Nurse III
2 Nurse II
6 Nurse I
4 Nursing Attendant I
C. OPERATING ROOM
4 Nurse II
2 Nursing Attendant II
D. RECOVERY ROOM
4 Nurse II
2 Nurse Attendant II
E. ISOLATION ROOM
4 Nurse II
F. DELIVERY ROOM
4 Nurse II
4 Midwife I
1 Nursing Attendant II
4. HOSPITAL OPERATIONS AND PATIENT
SUPPORT SERVICE
A. OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE
OFFICER
1 Administrative Officer V
1 Administrative Assistant I
B. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1 Administrative Officer III
1 Administrative Assistant II
C. PROCUREMENT, PROPERTY AND SUPPLY
1 Administrative Officer III
1 Administrative Aide IV
D. ENGINEERING & FACILITIES
MANAGEMENT
1 Engineer II
1 Medical Equipment Technician III
2 Administrative Aide IV
1 Administrative Aide III
E. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY
1 Laundry Worker
1 Seamstress
F. ACCOUNTING
1 Administrative Assistant II
1 Accountant II
• Billing & Claims
1 Administrative Officer II
1 Administrative Assistant II
BEHAVIORAL PATTERN
̵Ͽ IN- PATIENT

In ---- Emergency -- Morgue --- Cashier ------ Out

Recovery
ICU
Ward
̵Ͽ OUT- PATIENT

In ---- Outpatient Department/ ---- Laboratory & ------- Cashier ------ Pharmacy --- Out
Doctor’s Clinic Other Test
̵Ͽ PATIENT’S COMPANY

In ---- Nurse Station ------- Patient’s Room/ Ward ------ Pharmacy ---- Out
̵Ͽ DOCTOR/ CONSULTANTS

In ---- Doctor’s Clinic ----- Patient’s Room/ Ward ------ Nurse Station -------- Out
Laboratory
Ͽ NURSE

In --- Staff Area --- Nurse Station ------- Patients Room/ Ward ------- Out
Ͽ OTHER STAFFS

In ---- Staff Area --- Authorized Station Areas --- General Room ------- Out

REFERENCES:

https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/Covid-19/Techinical%20documents/Establishing%20COVID-
19%20triage%20stations%20at%20healthcare%20facilities%20-%20Key%20instructions%20and%20tips.pdf
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/hospital-design-considerations-dr-salil-choudhary
https://dialremedy.com/blog/emergency-department-infrastructure-and-design
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/recovery-room
https://www.healthfacilityguidelines.com/StandardComponents/ItemDetails/Medication-Room-10m2
https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/definitions/isolation-rooms
https://healthfacilityguidelines.com.au/component/clean-room-shared-10m2
https://nicudesign.nd.edu/nicu-standards/nicu-standard-2-location-within-the-hospital/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sterile_services_department#:~:text=The%20central%20sterile%20services%20department,on%20
medical%20devices%2C%20equipment%20and
https://www.mmsmedlab.com/complete-guide-requirements-setting-medical-clinical-laboratory-philippines/
https://brhmc.doh.gov.ph/hospital-services/medical-services/9-services/40-radiology
https://www.quora.com/Where-is-the-pharmacy-located-in-a-hospital
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/mortuary#:~:text=A%20mortuary%20is%20a%20room,until%20it's%20buried%20or%20cremat
ed.
https://www.healthfacilityguidelines.com/ViewPDF/ViewIndexPDF/iHFG_part_b_mortuary_general#:~:text=The%20Mortuary%20Unit
%20or%20%E2%80%9CMorgue,identification%20of%20the%20diseased%20persons.
https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-health-clinics

NOLES, IVY JOY L. BS ARCHITECTURE- 2F