ih-th-Mh-Vh-

vuqokn esa LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek dk;ZØe

¼ih-th-Mh-Vh-½ ¼iwoZ&la”kksf/kr½

l=h; dk;Z
2023
¼tuojh 2022 l= rd izos”k izkIr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,½

vuqokn v/;;u ,oa izf”k{k.k fo|kihB

bafnjk xka/kh jk’Vªh; eqDr fo”ofo|ky;
eSnkux<+h] ubZ fnYyh&110 068
 vuqokn esa LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek dk;ZØe
ikB~;Øe 01 ls 04 ¼ih-th-Mh-Vh--01 ls 04½
l=h; dk;Z 2023
¼tuojh 2022 l= rd izos”k izkIr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,½

dk;ZØe dksM % ih-th-Mh-Vh-

fiz; fo|kfFkZ;ks]

tSlk fd *vuqokn esa LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek dk;ZØe* dh *dk;ZØe nf”kZdk* esa vkidks crk;k x;k gS fd bl
LukrdksŸkj fMIyksek dk;ZØe esa i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk vkidks dqN l=h; dk;Z Hkh djus gSaA blds fy, pkj
ikB~;Øeksa ds varxZr vkidks ,d&,d l=h; dk;Z djuk gksxkA ;s l=h; dk;Z vkidh vkarfjd ijh{kk gSA
vr% bUgsa /;kuiwoZd vkSj iwjs ifjJe ds lkFk djsaA izR;sd ikB~;Øe ds l=h; dk;Z vki viuh lqfo/kk ds
vuqlkj vyx&vyx izLrqr dj ldrs gSa vkSj ,d lkFk Hkh izLrqr dj ldrs gSa %

izLrqr djus dh vafre frfFk

ikB~;Øe ¼vafre frfFk laca/kh v|ru tkudkjh ds fy, bXuw osclkbV nsf[k,½
fnlacj 2023 l=kar ijh{kk ds Tkwu 2024 l=kar ijh{kk ds
ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk ?kksf’kr fd, tkus ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk ?kksf’kr fd,
ds fy,* tkus ds fy,**

ih-th-Mh-Vh--01 30-09-2023 31-03-2024

vuqokn % fl)kar vkSj izfof/k
ih-th-Mh-Vh--02 30-09-2023 31-03-2024
vuqokn dk Hkkf’kd vkSj lkekftd
i{k
ih-th-Mh-Vh--03 30-09-2023 31-03-2024
O;kogkfjd vuqokn ds fofo/k Lrj
vkSj {ks=
ih-th-Mh-Vh--04 30-09-2023 31-03-2024
iz”kklfud vuqokn
* ;fn vki 30 uoacj 2023 rd viuh vuqokn ifj;kstuk izLrqr dj nsaxs rks mldk ifj.kke fnlacj 2023
l=kar ijh{kk ds ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk ?kksf’kr fd;k tk,xkA
** ;fn vki 31 ebZ 2024 rd viuh vuqokn ifj;kstuk izLrqr dj nsaxs rks mldk ifj.kke twu 2024
l=kar ijh{kk ds ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk ?kksf’kr fd;k tk,xkA
mís”; % izLrqr dk;ZØe ds varxZr vkidks vuqokn fl)kar vkSj izfof/k] vuqokn ds lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd
lanHkksZa] mldh izfØ;k rFkk ckjhfd;ksa dh tkudkjh nsrs gq,] fofo/k {ks=ksa esa vuqokn dk vH;kl djk;k x;k
gSA l=h; dk;Z dk eq[; mn~ns”; ;g tk¡puk gS fd vkius ikB~; lkexzh dks fdruk le>k gS vkSj mls dgk¡
rd O;ogkj esa yk ldrs gSaA ;kuh vkidks bl ;ksX; cukuk gS fd v/;;u ds nkSjku tks tkudkjh vkidks
izkIr gqbZ gS mls vius “kCnksa esa fof/kor izLrqr dj ldsa vkSj vuqokn dk;Z esa mls O;ogkj eas ykrs gq, vPNk
vuqokn dj ldsaA

l=h; dk;Z djus ls igys dqN ckrsa

1½ mŸkj ds fy, QqyLdsi dkxt dk gh bLrseky djsaA
2½ izR;sd l=h; dk;Z ds fy, vyx mŸkjiqfLrdk cuk,¡A bl rjg vkids pkj l=h; dk;ksZa ds fy,
pkj mŸkjiqfLrdk,¡ gksuh pkfg,A
3½ viuh mÙkjiqfLrdk ds izFke i`’B ds nkfgus dksus ds lcls Åij viuk ukekadu la[;k] iwjk irk
fy[ksa rFkk frfFk lfgr gLrk{kj djsaA

2
4½ viuh mÙkj­iqfLrdk ds izFke i`’B ds ck;sa dksus ij dk;ZØe dk “kh’kZd] ikB~;Øe dk dksM] mldk
“kh’kZd] l=h; dk;Z dksM rFkk v/;;u dsanz dk uke@dksM fy[ksaA

vkidk l=h; dk;Z bl izdkj vkjaHk gksuk pkfg, %

dk;ZØe dk “kh’kZd % ---------------------------------------------------- ukekadu la[;k % -----------------------------------

ikB~;Øe dksM %-----------------------------------------------------------------
ikB~;Øe dk “kh’kZd % ---------------------------------------------------
l=h; dk;Z dksM % ---------------------------------------------------------
v/;;u dsanz dk uke% ----------------------------------------------------
uke % ------------------------------------------------------
irk % ------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
gLrk{kj %------------------------------------------------
frfFk % ----------------------------------------------------

5½ ikB~;Øe ds dksM rFkk l=h; dk;Z ds dksM l=h; dk;Z ij eqfnzr gksrs gSa vkSj ogka ls ns[kdj
fy[ks tk ldrs gSaA izR;sd mŸkj ds igys iz”u la[;k vo”; fy[ksaA

6½ vius mÙkj dsoy QqyLdsi dkxt ij fy[ksa vkSj mUgsa vPNh rjg uRFkh dj nsaA cgqr irys dkxt
ij u fy[ksaA ck;ha vksj 4 lseh- dk gkf”k;k NksM+ nsaA ,d mŸkj vkSj nwljs mŸkj ds chp de ls de
4 iafDr;ksa dk LFkku NksM+saA ,slk djus ls ijh{kd mfpr LFkku ij viuh fVIi.kh ns ik,axsA

l=h; dk;Z ds fy, vko”;d funsZ”k

bl l=h; dk;Z esa vkils rhu rjg ds iz”u iwNs x, gSaA yacs fuca/kkRed iz”uksa ds mŸkj yxHkx 400 “kCnksa
eas] vkSj y?kq fuca/kkRed iz”uksa ds mŸkj 200&250 “kCnksa esa nsus gSaA O;kogkfjd vuqokn laca/kh iz”uksa ds mŸkj
leqfpr dks”k dk mi;ksx djrs gq, izlax vkSj lanHkkZuqlkj nsus gSaA
 izR;sd l=h; dk;Z dks /;ku ls i<+sa vkSj ;fn dksbZ fo”ks’k funsZ”k fn, x, gksa rks mudk ikyu djsaA
l=h; dk;Z ftu bdkb;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSa mUgsa i<+ ysaA iz”u ds laca/k esa egŸoiw.kZ ckrksa dks uksV dj
ysa] fQj mudks O;ofLFkr djds vius mŸkj dh :ijs[kk cuk,¡A
 tc vkidks fo”okl gks tk, fd tks mŸkj vki nsus tk jgs gSa larks’ktud gS] rc mUgsa lkQ­lkQ
fy[ksa vkSj ftu ckrksa ij vki tksj nsuk pkgrs gSa mUgsa js[kkafdr dj nsaA
 vuqokn ds O;kogkfjd iz”uksa dks djrs le; **dks”k** dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx djsaA fo’k; ,oa lanHkZ dk fo”ks’k
/;ku j[ksaA fganh vkSj vaxzsth ds dFkuksa dh rqyuk djsaA ;g ns[ksa fd vuqokn ls ogh vFkZ fudy jgk
gS tks ewy lkexzh ls fudyrk gSA ;g Hkh lqfuf”pr djsa fd vkidk vuqokn y{; Hkk’kk dh mi;qDr
“kSyh ds vuq:i gS] lzksr Hkk’kk dh Nk;k ek= ughaA vuqokn esa ewy ys[ku dh&lh lgtrk ykus ds
fy, viuh dYiuk”khyrk vkSj ys[ku&{kerk dk mi;ksx djsaA
 fuca/kkRed iz”uksa dk mŸkj nsrs le; izLrkouk vkSj fu’d’kZ ds laca/k esa fo”ks’k /;ku nsaA izLrkouk la{ksi
esa gksuh pkfg,A blesa ;g crk,¡ fd iz”u ls vki D;k le>rs gSa vkSj vki D;k fy[kus tk jgs gSaA
fu’d’kZ esa vkids mŸkj dk lkj gksuk pkfg,A mŸkj lqlaxr vkSj lqlac) gksaA okD;ksa vkSj vuqPNsnksa esa
ijLij rkyesy gksuk pkfg,A mŸkj l=h; dk;Z esa fn, x, iz”u ls lac) gksuk pkfg,A ;g ns[k ysa
fd vkius iz”u esa fufgr lHkh eq[; ckrksa ds mŸkj “kkfey fd, gSaA

l=h; dk;Z iwjk djus ds ckn ;g lqfuf”pr dj yhft, fd %

d½ vkids mŸkj rkfdZd vkSj lqlaxr gkas]
[k½ okD;ksa vkSj vuqPNsnksa (Paragraphs) ds chp Li’V Øec)rk gksa]
x½ mÙkj lgh <ax ls fy[ks x, gksa rFkk vkidh vfHkO;fDr “kSyh vkSj izLrqfr mŸkj ds iw.kZr;k vuq:i gks a]
?k½ mŸkj iz”u esa fu/kkZfjr “kCnksa ls vf/kd yacs u gksa] vkSj

3
³½ vkids ys[ku esa Hkk’kkxr =qfV;k¡ u gksa] fo”ks’k :i ls orZuh vkSj O;kdj.k laca/kh xyfr;ksa ls cpsaA
p½ mŸkj vius gkFk ls fy[ksaA bls eqfnzr ;k Vkbi u djsaA vius mŸkj dks fo”ofo|ky; }kjk vkids ikl
Hksth xbZ bdkb;ksa ls udy u djsaA ;fn vki ,slk djrs gSa rks vkidks de vad feysaxsA
N½ vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds mŸkjksa ls udy u djsa] ;fn ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd vkius udy dh gS rks vkids
l=h; dk;ksZa dks vLohd`r dj fn;k tk,xkA
t½ izR;sd l=h; dk;Z dks vyx&vyx fy[ksaA
>½ izR;sd mŸkj ds lkFk mlds iz”u dh la[;k fy[ksaA
¥½ l=h; dk;Z dks iwjk djds bls v/;;u dsanz ds ikl Hkst nsaA v/;kid tk¡p l=h; dk;Z dh mŸkj­
iqfLrdk dks fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa eq[;ky; ds fo|kFkhZ ewY;kadu izHkkx dks ewY;kadu ds fy, u HkstsaA
V½ v/;;u dsanz esa l=h; dk;Z dks izLrqr djrs le; fu/kkZfjr izs’k.k ,oa ikorh dkMZ ij v/;;u dsanz ls
¼l=h; dk;Z izkIr fd,½ izkfIr ntZ djk ysaA
B½ ;fn vkius {ks= dks cnyus ds laca/k esa fuosnu fd;k gS rks vki vius l=h; dk;ksZa dks vius igys ds
v/;;u dsanz esa gh rc rd Hkstrs jgsa tc rd fo”ofo|ky; dh vksj ls vkidks {ks=h; dsanz cnyus
dh lwpuk ugha Hkst nh tkrhA

4
 ih-th-Mh-Vh-01
vuqokn % fl)kar vkSj izfof/k
l=h; dk;Z
dk;ZØe dksM % ih-th-Mh-Vh-
ikB~;Øe dksM % ihthMhVh-01
l=h; dk;Z dksM % ihthMhVh-1@,,lVh-01¼Vh,e,½@2023

vf/kdre vad % 100

uksV % lHkh iz'uksa ds mŸkj nsus gSaA

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mŸkj yxHkx 400 'kCnksa esa nhft,A 10 x7=70

i) izkphu Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ds if”pe esa gq, fofHkUu vuqoknksa dh lksnkgj.k ppkZ dhft,A
ii) Hkk"; rFkk Vhdk esa D;k varj gS\ lksnkgj.k le>kb,A
iii) ^O;frjsdh fo”ys"k.k vkSj vuqokn* ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ foLrkj ls Li’V dhft,A
iv) vuqokn izfdz;k ds U;wekdZ }kjk izLrkfor izk:i dh ppkZ dhft,A
v) ikB/kehZ vkSj izHkko/kehZ vuqokn esa D;k varj gS\ lksnkgj.k le>kb,A
vi) fyI;adu rFkk fyI;arj.k esa D;k varj gS\ lksnkgj.k le>kb,A
vii) ,d vuqoknd dh D;k&D;k lhek,a gksrh gSa\ foLrkj ls le>kb,A
viii) dks'k ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dh ppkZ dhft,A
ix) ^e'khuh vuqokn esa xq.koRrk* fo"k; ij fVIi.kh dhft,A
x) vuqokn esa iqujh{k.k dk D;k egRo gS\ le>kb,A

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dks dks'k ds Øe esa fyf[k, % 4

1- fl)kar] laiknu] laf{kIr] ladyu] lkeF;Z] lkexzh] lajpuk] la;kstu]lkSHkkX;] lkekU;r;k]
la[;k] ladsrA
2 Linear, Lateral, Longitude, Learning, Ladder, Leadership, Local, Lemonade,
Lecture, Library, Laurels, Lantern.

3- fganh&vaxzsth o vaxzth&fganh ds nks&nks egRoiw.kZ dks”kksa ds uke crkb,A 2

4- fuEufyf[kr dk jkseu@nsoukxjh esa fYkI;arj.k dhft,A 4
Ñr?u drought
vLirky Europe
fnYyh cyclone
d+;ker wrist

6- fuEufyf[kr fgUnh eqgkojksa@yksdksfDr;ksa dk vaxzsth lerqY; crkb, % 5

i) Ekq¡g esa jke cxy esa Nqjh
ii) xt Hkj dh t+cku gksuk
iii) vk¡[kksa esa /kwy >ksaduk
iv) ,d rks djsyk nwts uhe p<+k
v) ukS nks X;kjg gksuk

7- fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa @yksdksfDr;ksa dk fganh :Ik crkb,A 5

i) Blind person must not run
ii) To make a mess off
iii) Once bitten twice shy
iv) To blow one’s own trumpet
v) After deathe the doctor

5
8- uhps ds vaxzsth ikB vkSj mlds fganh vuqokn dks if<+, vkSj vuqokn dk iqujh{k.k dhft,A 10
Ekwy %
IGNOU Serves nearly three million learners which include overseas enrolments and learners
form all pasts of the country. The University, in the year 2017, has announced admission for 232
academic programmes perhaps the largest and most diversified pool of academic programmes in
the country. The learners are supported by a network of 67 Regional Centres and over 3000
active Learner Support Centres. As a special initiative to bring marginalized and disadvantaged
within the fold of education, the University has activated Special Learner Support Centres for the
disabled and for jail inmates. Such large edifice of the University is graciously and ably assisted
by an estimated 58,000 Academic Counselors empanelled form Academic and Research
Institutions of repute across the country. Developing and fine­tuning programs and courses to the
requirements and aspirations of Digital Learners is a constant endeavor encouraging the Faculty
to innovate, adapt, diversify and expand its academic initiatives.
MHRD key projects, SWAYAM and SWAYAMPRABHA are of seminal significance helping
IGNOU to usher in the ambitious Digital Revolution by laying the tarmac for MOOCs, OER and
Satellite Communication Apparatus. In addition, there is a wider ramification, that of ossifying
and eventually obliterating the ‘distance’ from the OPEN LEARNING SYSTEM. This will be an
epoch­making occurrence, having significant policy implications and much needed course­
corrections in the growth profile of OPEN & DIGITAL LEARNING in our country.
fganh vuqokn %
bXuw esa bl le; ns”k ds dksus&dksus ls vkSj fons”kksa ls yxHkx 3 fefy;u Nk= ukekafdr gSaA o"kZ 2017
esa fo”ofo|ky; 232 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe pyk jgk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ns”k esa bruh fo”kky x.kuk
esa vkSj fofo/k iz—fr ds 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe pykus okyk fo”ofo|ky; gSA 67 {ks=h; dsanzksa vkSj rhu gtkj
ls vf/kd fo|kFkhZ lgk;rk dsanzksa ds tfj, fo”ofo|ky; }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lgk;rk&lsok,¡ iznku dh
tkrh jgrh gSaA lekt ds fdukjs ds vkSj lqfo/kk&oafpr yksxksa dks f”k{kk txr ls tksM+us ds fo”ks"k
iz;kl ds :Ik esa fo”ofo|ky; us fodykaxksa vkSj dSfn;ksa ds fy, fo”ks"k fo|kFkhZ lgk;rk dsanz [kMs+ fd,
gSaA iwjs ns”k dh izfrf"Br 'kSf{kd vkSj 'kks/k laLFkkvksa ds yxHkx 58 gtkj 'kSf{kd ijke”kZnkrk
fo”ofo|ky; ls lac) gq, gSa vkSj blls fo”ofo|ky; dk fo|kFkhZ lgk;rk usVodZ lrr O;kid gks
jgk gSA fMftVy fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks t:jrksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ikB~;Øeksa dks fodflr
rFkk csgrj cukus ds fujarj dksf”k”k fd, tkrs gSaA bl izdkj ds m|e ls fo|ky; ladk; viuh
izfrHkk ds fodkl] vuqdwyu ,oa cgqeq[khdj.k ds fy, izksRlkfgr gksrk gS ftlls fo”ofo|ky; ds
'kSf{kd iz;klksa dk foLrkj gksrk gSA
^Lo;a* vkSj Lo;a izHkk* ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; dh eq[; ;kstuk,¡ gSaA bXuw ds fy, fo”ks"k rkSj ij
egRoiw.kZ gSaA ;s ifj;kstuk,¡ ewDl] vks-bZ-vkj- vkSj mixzg lapkj ra= ds fy, vk/kkj fufeZr djds bXuw
dks egRokdka{kh ^fMftVy Øafr* esa vxz.kh cuk,¡xhA blds lkFk&lkFk] ;s fo|ky; ds vk/kkj dks vkSj
etcwrh iznku djsaxs rFkk eqDr f”k{kk iz.kkyh ls tfVy ,oa egRoiw.kZ ^nwj* 'kCn dh Hkzkafr dks nwj djsaxhA
ns”k esa eqDr ,oa fMftVy f”k{kk ds fodkl ds ekxZ esa fpj&visf{kr lq/kkjksa ds dkj.k bl izdkj ds
iz;klksa ds egRoiw.kZ uhfr fufgrkFkZ ,oa nwjxkeh gy gksaxsA

6
 ih-th-Mh-Vh&02
vuqokn dk Hkkf’kd vkSj lkekftd i{k
l=h; dk;Z
dk;ZØe dksM % ih-th-Mh-Vh-
ikB~;Øe dksM % ihthMhVh&02
l=h; dk;Z dksM%ihthMhVh&02@,,lVh&01¼Vh,e,½@2023
vf/kdre vad % 100
uksV % lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gaSA

1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dk mÙkj yxHkx 400 “kCnksa esa nhft,A 8x7=56

i½ Hkk’kk fdls dgrs gSaS\ Hkk’kk dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa dk foospu dhft,A
ii½ lkekU; vkSj rduhdh “kCnksa esa varj Li’V dhft, vkSj ikfjHkkf’kd “kCnkoyh laca/kh fofHkUu
fopkj/kkjkvksa dh lksnkgj.k ppkZ dhft,A
iii½ cgqHkkf’kd lekt ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ cgqHkkf’kd lekt esa vuqokn ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ij izdk”k
Mkfy,A
iv½ vuqokn ds ek/;e ls Hkk’kk fodkl ds fofHkUu vk;keksa dk foospu dhft,A
v½ Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj blds v/;;u esa vuqokn dh Hkwfedk Li’V dhft,A
vi½ *nwj f”k{kk esa vuqokn* ij ,d fuca/k fyf[k,A
vii½ *jktHkk’kk* dk vFkZ Li’V dhft, vkSj iz”kklfud dk;ksZa esa vuqokn dh vko”;drk dk foospu
dhft,A

2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd milxZ dk iz;ksx djrs gq, pkj&pkj “kCn cukb, % 3
v/k&] vk&] m&] cn&] yk&] Hkj&

3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls izR;sd izR;; dk iz;ksx djrs gq, pkj&pkj “kCn cukb, % 3
&xzLr] &dj] &ghu] &bZ] &oku] &izn

4- fuEufyf[kr “kCnksa dks ekud :Ik esa fyf[k, % 3

eÎk] czEg] fpUg] v³d] okaXe;] fl)kar

5- fuEufyf[kr ikfjHkkf’kd “kCnksa ds fganh@vaxzsth Ik;kZ; fyf[k,% 7

d½ Ekqnzk fofue;] jkstxkj lwpuk] izfriqf’V] fuxZe jftLVj] Mkd izek.ki=] vukjf{kr fjfDr]
rkjkafdr iz”u

[k½ deficit budget, fortnightly report, half pay leave, national economy, sample survey,
verbal discussion, wholetime employee

7
6- fuEufyf[kr iz”u i= dk fganh esa vuqokn dhft, % 8

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Answer any five of the following questions in about 400 words :
1. Distinguish between Drought and Famine and explain different drought mitigation
strategies.
2. Discuss the concept, significance and styles of leadership in disaster situations.
3. Describe the major approaches for creating public awareness for effective disaster
management.
4. Each type of natural disaster has its own cause. Elaborate.
5. Discuss the maning and concept of planning and differentiate between short­term and
long­term planning for disaster management.
6. Describe the concept of human behavior and response and highlight the factors inhibiting
positive human behavior in disaster situations.
7. Explain the role and importance of International Agencies in disaster mitigation.
8. Define Epidemic and enlight its major types.
9. Bring out the methods of information collection for disaster management.

7- fuEufyf[kr lkexzh dk fganh esa vuqokn dhft, % 10

Leadership development has now become the top priority for HR (human resource)
prosessionals with emphasis on leadership as a core capability of all employees across sectors.
This new trend has replaced engagement, according to a survey conducted by the Top
Employers Institute globally.
There is also a shift towards individuals being responsible for their own development needs.
This leads to customized leadership development programmes. Many high­growth
organizations in India have a relatively large proportion of millennials ¼lglzkf"n½ in leadership
positions. They drive the change in leadership development methods as they prefer to use
innovative means for personal development over traditional methods such as formal
workshops, training courses and development assignments, in line with the global trend of
developing leadership skills individually.
With companies becoming less hierarchical, it is noticeable that they are starting to identity
future leaders not by job title or position but by influence and performance. And those future
leaders are beginning to get the opportunity to gain broader life and commercial skills. This
broader approach to self­development is important as ownership for personal development
rapidly shifts to the individual.
With individual ownership also comes the need for a different mindset. Some of the top
employers offer training around resilience ¼yphykiu@leqRFkku 'kfDr½ and mindfulness to help
employees make this transition. Intrinsically linked to this mindset is an understanding of
wellbeing and a balance between food, rest and exercise, and companies need to encourage this
within all employees. We need to make sure that the next generation of leaders do not reach
‘burn out’. As most now operate in an always online, always connected business environment
the need to alleviate both stress and the pressure of always being ‘present’ should be very much
a part of self development, the report says.
The Leadership Development report is based on the findings of the top employers HR Best
Practices Survey that surveyed 600 certified organizations in 99 countries and included a
sample size of 3,000 employees.

8
8- fuEufyf[kr lkexzh dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft, % 10
dgha ij Hkh lkekU; ls T;knk ckfj'k gks tk, rks yksxksa dks leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk gh iM+rk gS]
ysfdu ;s leL;k,¡ rc xaHkhj ladV dk :Ik ys ysrh gSa tc fu;ksftr fodkl dh vuns[kh ds dkj.k
cjlkrh ikuh dh fudklh ds mi;qDr mik; u fd, x, gksaA eqacbZ esa ,d ckj fQj ckfj'k dk dgj
ns[kus dks fey jgk gS rks bl ij gSjr ughaA eaxyokj dks dgha vf/kd ckfj'k ds dkj.k leqnz rV ij
clh eaqcbZ ftl rjg ikuh&ikuh gqbZ vkSj lM+d] jsy ,oa ok;q ;krk;kr BIi gksus ls yk[kksa yksx
ijs'kku gq, mlls fQj ls ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fd gekjs izeq[k 'kgjksa dk <k¡pk fdl rjg pjejkrk
tk jgk gSA eqacbZ dh n;uh; n'kk 2005 dh ;kn fnyk jgh gS tc blh rjg Hkkjh ckfj'k ds dkj.k
lc dqN vLr&O;Lr gks x;kA 2005 dh rckgh ds ckn 'kgjhdj.k ds <k¡ps ds lkFk lc dqN nq#Lr
djus ds lkFk gh eqacbZ dks 'ka?kkbZ cukus rd ds ok;ns fd, x, Fks] ysfdu rktk gkykr crk jgs gSa
fd fiNys 12 lkyksa esa vkink ra= dks l{ke cukus vkSj lrdZrk ds Lrj dks c<+kus ds vykok vkSj
dqN [kkl ugha fd;k tk ldkA eqacbZ esa u dsoy igys dh rjg >qXxh&cfLr;k¡ dk;e gSa] cfYd os
c<+rh Hkh fn[k jgh gSaA blh rjg vfrØe.k vkSj csrjrhc fodkl ds tud Hkw&ekfQ;k Hkh igys dh
rjg lfØ; gSaA
eaqcbZ esa ty fudklh ra= dh fdl rjg vuns[kh gqbZ gS] bldk izek.k ;g gS fd 'kgj ds chp ls
cgus okyh ehBh unh ukyk cudj jg xbZ gSA ,slh gh dqN vkSj ufn;k¡ dpjs vkSj vfrØe.k ds
dkj.k djhc&djhc [kRe gksus dh dxkj ij gSaA vkf[kj tc ;s ufn;k¡ u"V dh tk jgh Fkha rc eqacbZ
ds uhfr&fu;ark D;k dj jgs Fks\ fu%lansg ckr dsoy eacbZ dh gh ugha] vU; egkuxjksa vkSj 'kgjksa dh
Hkh gSA ;g ns'k dks tkucw>dj ladV dh vksj ys tkus ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha fd tc NksVs&cM+s
'kgj vkcknh ds c<+rs cks> ls nks&pkj gSa rc os vfu;ksftr fodkl ls Hkh tw> jgs gSaA lHkh tku jgs
gSa fd tYn gh ns'k dh dqy vkcknh dk djhc vk/kk fgLlk 'kgjksa esa xqtj&clj dj jgk gksxk]
ysfdu blls lacaf/kr pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa uxj fudk;ksa ls ysdj jkT; ljdkjsa rd mnklhu
utj vkrh gSaA blh dkj.k LekVZ flVh cukus ds bl nkSj esa lkekU; ckfj'k gksrs gh gekjs 'kgj gj
rjg dh vO;oLFkk ls f?kj tkrs gSaA D;k ;g fdlh ls fNik gS fd ns'k ds reke bykds n'kdksa ls
ck<+ ls nks&pkj gks jgs gSa] ysfdu mlls fuiVus ds Bksl mik; dgha ut+j ugha vkrs\

9
 ih-th-Mh-Vh&03
O;kogkfjd vuqokn ds fofo/k Lrj vkSj {ks=
l=h; dk;Z
dk;ZØe dksM % ih-th-Mh-Vh-
ikB~;Øe dksM % ihthMhVh&03
l=h; dk;Z dksM% ihthMhVh&03@,,lVh&01¼Vh,e,½@2023
vf/kdre vad % 100 vad
uksV % lHkh iz'uksa ds mŸkj nhft,A
1- lkjkuqokn ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ blds izeq[k iz;ksx {ks=ksa dh foLrkj ls ppkZ dhft,A 10
2- fuEufyf[kr dk fganh esa vuqokn dhft,A 10
i) Translation is not merely a linguistic transfer but a cultural process.
ii) Under the pressure of second wave feminism, many Western governments passed sex­
equality laws in the 1970s.
iii) The programme provides students the perfect opportunity to pursue their research interests
within their area of specialization.
iv) The strong focus envisaged on position affirmative action would be of considerable
significance.
v) The journal aims at providing a forum to researchers across the world for debate on various
issues.
vi) This programme is designed to provide the knowledge and skills needed to work as a
laboratory technician in a science library.
vii) Nirmal Verma translated several literary works from Czech into Hindi during his stay in
Prague in the 1960s.
viii) The unit reaches out to the prospective students by providing information about academic
programme of the university, its instructional system, admission procedure etc.
ix) It was only after independence, when the nation had acquired political sovereignity, that the
gender issue began to be addressed with a practical rather than an ideological approach.
x) At that time, it became legitimate to demand reform in the form of legislation about
marriage rules, property rights, and equality of opportunity.

3- fuEufyf[kr dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft, % 10

1- “kjhj ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jDr dh ek=k vyx&vyx gksrh gS tks t:jr ds vuqlkj le;&le;
ij cnyrh jgrh gSA
2- lalkj esa u, Kku&foKku] vkfo"dkj&O;kikfjd laidZ ds dkj.k euq"; u, 'kCnksa dks x<+rk gSA
3- vk/kqfud e/kqeD[kh ikyu ds ckjs esa f”k{kk iznku djuk vkSj e/kqeD[kh ikyu ds {ks= esa ekuo
lalk/ku rS;kj djuk bl dk;ZØe dk mn~ns”; gSA
4- okD; esa iz;qDr fdlh 'kCn dk mu vFkksZs esa ls dkSu&lk vFkZ fy;k tk,] ;g vuqokn dyk dk
lcls egRoiw.kZ vax gSA
5- Cky&Je dk eryc ,sls dk;Z ls gS ftlesa fd dk;Z djus okyk O;fDr dkuwu }kjk fu/kkZfjr vk;q
lhek ls NksVk gksrk gSA
6- tSls gh ckgj vkbZ rks ns[kk fd i=dkjksa dk cMk&lk >qaM Jh ukjk;.k feJk dks pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjs
gq, gSA
7- f”koewfRkZ dh dgkfu;ksa dk ftruk lkfgfR;d egRo gS] mruk gh lekt”kkL=h; HkhA

10
 8- fganh ds fojkV vkdk”k esa tSusanz dqekj dk jpukRed vkyksd rstiqat ds :i esa izfrf"Br gks pqdk
gSA
9- ,d xw<+ vFkZ esa mudk lkfgR; O;fDr o lekt dh ubZ uSfrdrk dk mifu"kn gSA
10- dksbZ Hkh Ñfr lcls igys vkSj lcds var esa Hkk"kk esa gh jgrh gSA
4- fuEufyf[kr dk fganh esa vuqokn dhft,A 10x4=40
a) Columbus led his three ships – the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria – out of the Spanish
port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the
Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. His first stop was the Canary Islands
where the lack of wind left his expedition becalmed until September 6.
Once underway, Columbus benefited from calm seas and steady winds that pushed him steadily
westward (Columbus had discovered the southern “Trades” that in the future would fuel the
sailing ships carrying goods to the New World). However, the trip was long, longer than
anticipated by either Columbus or his crew. In order to mollify his crew’s apprehensions,
Columbus kept two sets of logs: one showing the true distance traveled each day and one
showing a lesser distance. The first log was kept secret. The latter log quieted the crew’s
anxiety by under­reporting the true distance they had traveled from their homeland.
This deception had only a temporary effect; by October 10 the crew’s apprehension had
increased to the point of near mutiny. Columbus headed off disaster by promising his crew that
if land was not sighted in two days, they would return home. The next day land was discovered.
b) The revival of the Olympic Games in 1896, unlike the original Games, has a clear, concise
history. Pierre de Coubertin (1863–1937), a young French nobleman, felt that he could institute
an educational program in France that approximated the ancient Greek notion of a balanced
development of mind and body. The Greeks themselves had tried to revive the Olympics by
holding local athletic games in Athens during the 1800s, but without lasting success. It was
Baron de Coubertin's determination and organizational genius, however that gave impetus to
the modern Olympic movement. In 1892 he addressed a meeting of the Union des Sports
Athlétiques in Paris. Despite meager response he persisted, and an international sports
congress eventually convened on June 16, 1894. With delegates from Belgium, England,
France, Greece, Italy, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and the United States in attendance, he advocated
the revival of the Olympic Games. He found ready and unanimous support from the nine
countries. De Coubertin had initially planned to hold the Olympic Games in France, but the
representatives convinced him that Greece was the appropriate country to host the first modern
Olympics. The council did agree that the Olympics would move every four years to other great
cities of the world.
c) The first substantial computer was the giant ENIAC machine by John W. Mauchly and J.
Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania. ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and
Calculator) used a word of 10 decimal digits instead of binary ones like previous automated
calculators/computers. ENIAC was also the first machine to use more than 2,000 vacuum tubes,
using nearly 18,000 vacuum tubes. Storage of all those vacuum tubes and the machinery
required to keep the cool took up over 167 square meters (1800 square feet) of floor space.
Nonetheless, it had punched­card input and output and arithmetically had 1 multiplier, 1
divider­square rooter, and 20 adders employing decimal "ring counters," which served as
adders and also as quick­access (0.0002 seconds) read­write register storage. The executable
instructions composing a program were embodied in the separate units of ENIAC, which were
plugged together to form a route through the machine for the flow of computations. These
connections had to be redone for each different problem, together with presetting function
tables and switches. This "wire­your­own" instruction technique was inconvenient, and only
with some license could ENIAC be considered programmable; it was, however, efficient in
handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally
acknowledged to be the first successful high­speed electronic digital computer (EDC) and was
productively used from 1946 to 1955.

11
 d) India is home to one of the largest film industries in the world. Every year thousands of movies
are produced in India. Indian film industry comprises of Hindi films, regional movies and art
cinema. The Indian film industry is supported mainly by a vast film­going Indian public,
though Indian films have been gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the world, especially
in countries with large numbers of emigrant Indians.

India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Many of the larger languages
support their own film industry. Some of the popular regional film industries in India are
Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Punjabi. The Hindi/Urdu film industry,
based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood. Similar neologisms have been
coined for the Tamil film industry Tollywood and the Telugu film industry. Tollygunge is
metonym for the Bengali film industry, long centered in the Tollygunge district of Kolkata. The
Bengali language industry is notable as having nurtured the director Satyajit Ray, an
internationally renowned filmmaker and a winner of many awards.

The Bollywood industry is the largest in terms of films produced and box office receipts, just as
Urdu/Hindi speakers outnumber speakers of other Indian languages. Many workers in other
regional industries, once established, generally move to Bollywood for greater spotlight or
opportunity.
5- fuEufyf[kr dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft,A 10x3=30

¼d½ if'peh fopkj&txr esa ,d nk'kZfud xfrfof/k ds rkSj ij *lkSan;Z'kkL=* dh i`Fkd ladYiuk
vV~Bkjgoha lnh esa rc mHkjh tc dyk&—fr;ksa dk vuq'khyu gLr&f'kYi ls vyx djds fd;k tkus
yxkA bldk urhtk fl)kardkjksa }kjk *yfyr dyk* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lw=hdj.k esa fudykA
vysDlkansj xksÙkyhc c‚exkjrsu us 1750 esa *,LFksfVdk* fy[kdj ,d cgl dk lw=ikr fd;kA blds
lkr lky ckn MsfoM g~;we }kjk ^v‚Q n LVSaMMZ v‚Q VsLV* fy[kdj lkSan;Z'kkL= ds mHkjrs gq,
foe'kZ dks ç'ukafdr fd;k x;kA
vk/kqfud ;wjksih; lkSan;Z'kkL=h; foe'kZ dh okLrfod 'kq#vkr beSuq,y dkaV dh 1790 esa çdkf'kr
jpuk ^fØVhd v‚Q ttesaV* ls gqbZA viuh bl —fr esa dkaV us lkSan;Z'kkL=h; vkdyu dh dlkSfV;ksa
dks lkoZHkkSe cukus ij tksj fn;kA ysfdu] nwljh vksj] os fdlh Hkh rjg ds lkoZHkkSe lkSan;Z'kkL= dh
laHkkouk ij lansg djrs gq, Hkh utj vk,A bl fojks/kkHkkl ds ckotwn dkaV dh miyfC/k ;g jgh fd
mUgksaus dyk vkSj lkSan;Z dh foospuk ds fy, dqN vfuok;Z f}Hkktuksa dks LFkkfir dj fn;kA bu
f}Hkktuksa esa lokZf/kd mYys[kuh; gSa( bafæ;cks/k vkSj rdZ&cqf)] lkjoLrq vkSj :i] vfHkO;fä vkSj
vfHkO;ä] vkuan vkSj milagkj] Lora=rk vkSj vko';drk vkfnA dkaV dh nwljh miyfC/k ;g Fkh fd
mUgksaus lkSan;Z'kkL=h; vuqHko vkSj ,safæd vuqHko ds chp varj LFkkfir fd;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd
lkSan;Z'kkL=h; O;k[;k vkSj mldh fu"ifÙk fo'ys"k.k ds y{; ds çfr fcuk fdlh O;kogkfjd vklfDr
ds gh dh tkuh pkfg,A
¼[k½ bfrgkl dk {ks= cM+k O;kid gSA çR;sd O;fä] fo"k;] vUos"k.k vkanksyu vkfn dk bfrgkl gksrk gS]
;gk¡ rd fd bfrgkl dk Hkh bfrgkl gksrk gSA vr,o ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd nk'kZfud] oSKkfud
vkfn vU; –f"Vdks.kksa dh rjg ,sfrgkfld –f"Vdks.k dh viuh futh fo'ks"krk gSA og ,d
fopkj&'kSyh gS tks çkjafHkd iqjkru dky ls vkSj fo'ks"k rkSj ij 17oha lnh ls lH; lalkj esa O;kIr gks
xbZA 19oha lnh ls çk;% çR;sd fo"k; ds v/;;u ds fy, mlds fodkl dk ,sfrgkfld Kku vko';d
le>k tkrk gSA bfrgkl ds v/;;u ls ekuo lekt ds fofo/k {ks=ksa dk tks O;kogkfjd Kku çkIr
gksrk gS mlls euq"; dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks vk¡dus] O;fDr;ksa ds Hkkoksa vkSj fopkjksa rFkk tulewg dh
ço`fÙk;ksa vkfn dks le>us ds fy, cM+h lqfo/kk vkSj vPNh [kklh dlkSVh fey tkrh gSA

bfrgkl çk;% uxjksa] çkarksa rFkk fo'ks"k ns'kksa ;k fQj ;qxksa ds fy[ks tkrs gSaA vc bl vksj ps"Vk vkSj
ç;Ru gksus yxs gSa fd ;fn laHko gks rks lH; lalkj gh ugha] oju~ euq"; ek= ds lkewfgd fodkl ;k
fouk'k dk v/;;u Hkwxksy ds leku fd;k tk,A bl /;s; dh fl) gkyk¡fd vlaHko rks ugha] fdarq
cM+h vo”; gSA blds çkFkfed ekufp= ls ;g vuqeku gksrk gS fd fo'o ds larks"ktud bfrgkl ds
fy, cgqr yacs le;] ç;kl vkSj laxBu dh vko';drk gSA dqN fo}kuksa dk er gS fd ;fn fo'o
bfrgkl dh rFkk ekuqf"kd ço`fÙk;ksa ds v/;;u ls dqN loZO;kih fl)kar fudkyus dh ps"Vk dh xbZ

12
 rks bfrgkl lekt'kkL= esa cnydj viuh oS;fDrd fo'ks"krk [kks cSBsxkA ;g Hk; bruk fparktud
ugha gS] D;ksafd lekt'kkL= ds fy, bfrgkl dh mruh gh vko';drk gS ftruh bfrgkl dks
lekt'kkL= dhA oLrqr% bfrgkl ij gh lekt'kkL= dh jpuk laHko gSA
¼x½ fo'o LokLF; laxBu ¼World Health Organization ­ WHO½ fo'o ds ns'kksa ds LokLF; laca/kh
leL;kvksa ij vkilh lg;ksx ,oa ekud fodflr djus dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ laLFkk gSA bl laLFkk dh
LFkkiuk 7 vçSy] 1948 dks dh x;h FkhA ;g la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh ,d vuq"kkafxd bdkbZ gSA fo'o
LokLF; laxBu ds 193 lnL; ns'k rFkk nks lac) lnL; gSaA bldk mís'; lalkj ds yksxksa ds
LokLF; dk Lrj Å¡pk djuk gSA MCY;w-,p-vks- dk eq[;ky; fLoVt+jySaM ds tsusok 'kgj esa fLFkr gSA
Hkkjr Hkh fo'o LokLF;u laxBu dk ,d lnL; ns'k gS vkSj bldk Hkkjrh; eq[;ky; jkt/kkuh fnYyh
esa fLFkr gSA

MCY;w-,p-vks- ds lafo/kku dks 22 tqykbZ] 1946 dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k vkSj ;g 7 vçSy] 1948 ls ykxw
gks x;kA 15 uoacj] 1947dks fo'o LokLF; laxBu la;qDr jk"Vª dk fof'k"V vfHkdj.k cu x;kA
MCY;w-,p-vks- }kjk tu&LokLF; ds varjjk"Vªh; dk;kZy; ds dk;ksaZ rFkk la;qä jk"Vª jkgr ,oa iquokZl
ç'kklu ¼;w-,u-vkj-vkj-,½ dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks Hkh gkFk esa ys fy;k x;kA 194 lnL;ksa okys fo'o
LokLF; laxBu dk eq[;ky; tsusok esa fLFkr gSA
MCY;w-,p-vks- dk y{; lHkh yksxksa ds fy, LokLF; ds mPpre laHko Lrj dh çkfIr esa lgk;rk çnku
djuk gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu dks lokZf/kd lQy la;qDr jk"Vª vfHkdj.kksa esa ls ,d ekuk tkrk gSA
;g varfje LokLF; dk;ksaZ ls lEcaf/kr leUo;dkjh çkf/kdj.k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS rFkk LokLF;
ekeyksa esa lfØ; lg;ksx dks çksRlkfgr djrk gSA blds dk;ZØeksa esa LokLF; lsokvksa dk fodkl] jksx
fuokj.k o fu;a=.k] i;kZoj.kh; LokLF; dk laonZ~/ku] LoLFk ekuo 'kfä fodkl rFkk tSo&fpfdRlk]
LokLF; lsokvksa] 'kks/k o LokLF; dk;ZØeksa dk fodkl ,oa çksRlkgu 'kkfey gSA MCY;w-,p-vks- lnL;
ns'kksa dks mu LokLF; lsokvksa ds fodkl esa lg;ksx çnku djrk gS] ftudk y{; lHkh ds fy, LokLF;
ns[kHkky lqfuf'pr djuk] ekr` ,oa cky LokLF; dks loaf/kZr djuk] ifjokj fu;kstu] iks"k.k] LokLF;
f'k{kk ,oa LokLF;] LoPN tykiwfrZ rFkk lQkbZ O;oLFkk] laØked jksxksa dh jksdFkke] nokvksa o Vhdksa
dk mRiknu o xq.koÙkk fu;a=.k rFkk 'kks/k çksRlkgu bR;kfn gksrk gSA laxBu LokLF; vk¡dM+ksa ds
laxzg.k] fo'ys"k.k ,oa forj.k esa Hkh lg;ksx djrk gS rFkk jksx y{k.kksa] chekfj;ksa o mipkjksa ds laca/k
esa rqyukRed v/;;uksa dks çk;ksftr djrk gSA

13
 ih-th-Mh-Vh&04
iz”kklfud vuqokn
l=h; dk;Z
dk;ZØe dksM % ih-th-Mh-Vh-
ikB~;Øe dksM % ihthMhVh&04
l=h; dk;Z dksM% ihthMhVh&04@,,lVh&01¼Vh,e,½@2023

vf/kdre vad % 100

uksV : lHkh iz”uksa ds mÙkj nsus gSaA
1- l`tukRed vkSj rduhdh lkfgR; ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ l`tukRed lkfgR; ds vuqokn vkSj rduhdh
vuqokn dh rqyuk dhft,A 10
2- fuEufyf[kr “kCnksa ds fganh i;kZ; crkb, % 10
appellate power, basic training, conveyance allowance, discretionary power, errors & omissions,
forensic science, grievance procedure, house building allowance, industrial relations, joint stock
company, labour intensive industry, manpower forecasting, notified commodity, oath taking
ceremony, performance evaluation, remuneration, sanctioned budget, temporary arrangement,
utilization certificate, valedictory session.
3- fuEufyf[kr vfHkO;fDr;ksa ds fganh i;kZ; crkb, % 10
i. after adequate consideration
ii. bills for signature, please
iii. case has been closed
iv. forwarded and recommended
v. letter of acknowledgement
vi. it has been noticed that
vii. please put up with previous papers
viii. should be given top priority
ix. this may please be approved
x. you are hereby informed that

4- fuEufyf[kr dk fganh eas vuqokn dhft,% 10x4=40

a) Computers are capable doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning. They can
solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousand unrelated data in order. These
machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide information on the best way
to prevent traffic accidents. They work accurately and at high speed. They save research workers
years of hard work. This whole process by which machines can be used to work for us has been
called ‘Automation’. In future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy more leisure than
they do today. The coming of automation is bound to have important social consequences.
Some years ago, an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit pointed out that it was a mistake to
believe that these machines could think. There is no possibility that human beings will be
controlled by machines. Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and
improving on their performances, they need detailed instructions from human beings to be able
to operate. They can never lead independent lives or rule the world by taking decisions of their
own.
Sir leon said that, in future, computers would be developed which would be small enough to be
carried in one’s pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable
information. Computers could be plugged into a wireless network and can be used like radios.
For instance people, going on holiday, could be informed about weather conditions. Car drivers
can be given an alternative route, when there is a traffic jam. It will also be possible to make tiny
translating machines. This will enable people who do not share a common language to talk to
each other without any difficulty or to read foreign publications.

14
 It is impossible to assess the importance of a machine of this sort, for many international
misunderstandings are caused simply due to our failure to understand each other. Computers will
also be used in ordinary public hospitals. By providing a machine with a patient’s systems, a
doctor will be able to diagnose the nature of his illness. Similarly machines could be used to keep
a check on a patient’s health record and bring it up to date.
b) Emerging from a 24 square­foot laboratory at University of Calcutta were ideas, tools and
pioneering works in wireless waves that later helped Guglielmo Marconi invent the radio. And
the genius behind these inventions was Jagadish Chandra Bose, who was in 2009 honoured as
one of the fathers of radio science, a due he received only during his 150 th birth anniversary.
J.C. Bose was a polymath which two major works came from two distinct field of science
electro­magnetism and plant physiology. He was considered the first ‘modern’ and experimental
scientists of India.
He was born in 1858 in Bengal Presidency under the British Rule. Bose graduated from St.
Xavier College, Calcutta, and went on to do medicine from the University of London. But he
could not pursue it due to ill­health. So, he joined Cambridge University to do Natural Science
Cambridge and returned to India in 1885. He found himself a job at the Presidency College,
Calcutta, on a temporary basis, where he was subjected to racial discrimination. Later he was
made permanent and was given a ‘dingy’ laboratory to conduct his experiments in. Remember, it
was the times when India was ruled by a colonial British, which did not encourage original
research by Indians.
Only a poor workman blames his tools. Working from here day and night, Bose followed up on
German physicist Heinrich Hertz’s discovery of electro­magnetic waves. Bose came up with a
remarkable creation: the Millimetre Waves, the shortest radio­waves of 5mm. in 1895, Bose
demonstrated to public in Calcutta the wireless transmission of electro­magnetic waves.
News about his pioneering work reached far and wide. The world started taking notice of this
modern scientist from India. In 1899, Bose came up with another development – ‘the iron­
mercury­iron coherer’ and presented at the Royal Society, London, Years later Marconi
transmitted radio waves across the Atlantic, using Bose’s coherer. Bose also has the distinction
of using a semiconductor junction to detect radio waves for the first time. He invented various
now common place microwave components. The world of science celebrated him as a visionary,
who was considered as 50 years ahead of time.
From electro­magnetic waves, Jagdish Chandra Bose’s attention turned to plant biology. In 1901,
he showed that plants are also sensitive to light and temperature. Bose demonstrated using his
crescograph how poison could create human­like suffering in plants. He had a plant dipped up to
its stem in a vessel holding a poisonous bromide solution. When plugged to the instrument,
people could view how the lighted spot on a screen showing the moments of the plant, beat,
vibrated and stopped, corresponding to the plant’s suffering and death.
Bose founded a research institure – Bose institute in Calcutta in 1931. The same year, he was
knighted by the British government. He died in 1937.

c) INDEMNITY BOND FOR RELAESE OF INITIAL ADVANCE PAYMENT

(In case of Advance Payment to Govt. Deptt./PSU’s wherever applicable)

INDEMNITY BOND
(To be executed by the contractor on non­judicial stamp paper of appropriate value)
No._________________ Dated_______________

THIS INDEMNITY BOND is made this _________________ day of ______________2017___

by _________________ (Contractor’s name) ______________, a Company registered under the
Companies Act, 1956, having its Registered/Head Office at _______________ (hereinafter
called the “Contractor”, which expression shall include its successors and permitted assigns) in
favour of the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd., a company incorporated under the
companies Act, 1956, having its registered Office at Sector 33, Faridabad – 1210003 (Haryana)

15
____________________ (hereinafter called the “Employer”, which expression shall include its
successors and assigns).

WHEREAS the employer has awarded the Contract for _________________ vide its Purchase
Order/Letter of Award/Contract No. ________________ dated _____________________
(hereinafter called the “Contract”) to the Contractor, in terms of which the Employer is required
to release initial Advance payment to the Contractor for successful execution of the Contract.

AND WHEREAS by virtue of Clause No. ____ of the said contract, the Contractor is required to
execute in Indemnity Bond in favour of the Employer for the initial Advance payment to be
released by the Employer for the purpose of successful performance of the Contract (hereinafter
called the “Advance”).

NOW, THEREFORE, this indemnity Bond witnesseth as follows:

1. That in consideration of the Advance of Rs.____________

(Rupees___________________ only), against the total Contract Price of Rs. __________
(Rupees ___________________ only), being released to the Contractor for the purpose of
successful performance of the Contract, the Contractor hereby undertakes to indemnify and keep
the Employer indemnified, for the Advance.

2. That the contractor is obliged and shall remain absolutely responsible and takes all risks
whatsoever, till supplies are effected, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Contract
and its receipt and acceptance by the Employer at its Project.

3. That the Contractor undertakes that the Advance shall be used exclusively for the
successful performance/execution of the Contract, strictly in accordance with the terms and
conditions and no part of the advance shall be utilized for any other work or purpose whatsoever.
It is clearly understood by the Contractor that non­observance of the obligations under this
Indemnity Bond by the Contractor shall interalia constitute a criminal breach of trust on the part
of the Contractor for all intents and purposes, including legal/penal consequences.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Contractor has hereunto set its hand through its authorized
representative under the common seal of the Company on the day, month and year first above
mentioned.

In presence of:

WITNESSES For & on behalf of: ________________

1. Signature: ________________________ Signature: _______________________

Name: ___________________________ Name: __________________________

Complete Postal Address: ___________ Designation: _____________________

________________________________ (of the authorized representative of the Contractor)

________________________________ Official Seal of the Company: __________

2. Signature: ________________________ Notary Public

Name: ___________________________ Signature: _______________________
Complete Postal Address: ___________ Name: __________________________
_________________________________ Date: ___________________________
_________________________________ Official Seal: _____________________

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d) JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF POST GRADUATE
MEDICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH (JIPMER)
(Institution of National Importance under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India)
Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry – 605 006
_____________________________________________________________________________
E-TENDER NOTICE
(Electronic Tendering Mode only)

Director, JIPMER Pondicherry invites Tenders for supply of TABLETS, CAPSULES,

INHALERS, OPHTHALMIC, ENT AND EXTERNAL USE PREPARATIONS, INJECTIONS,
DISINFECTING FLUIDS AND SURGICAL DRESSINGS to JIP…. hospital for the period
from July 2016 to July 2017.

The participation of the firms is restricted to:

1. Original Manufacturers of Drugs or original importers of Drugs.
2. Firms having an annual turnover of above 10 crore rupees are eligible to quote.
3 The Companies/Firms which have been blacklisted by any State Government/Central
Government/its Drug procurement agencies due to quality failure of the drugs supplied
should not participate in the tender.
4 THE COMPANIES HAVING ANY KIND OF DUES INCLUDING RISK PURCHASE
WITH JIPMER ARE NOT ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TENDER 2016­17.
Parties regularly maintaining the sufficient quantity and ready to supply the drugs should only
quote. Rate quoted should be on door­delivery basis at First Floor Pharmacy Block, JIPMER
HOSPITAL. Orders will be placed with selected tender part. The firms who have enrolled their
rates with DGS&D rate contract may please send a copy of this office.

The documents are available on website – www.tenderwizard.com/JIPMER. Interested vendors

may register in the e­Tender portal and obtain the USER ID and Password – 560 001. The
Registration Charges Rs. 500/­ is to be paid by DD in favour of K.S.E.D.C. Ltd, payable at
Bangalore if not registered already.

The tender forms will be electronically issued to vendors only on submission of e­receipt and
documents as mentioned below by.

The Officer­in­charge, Puchase Section, JIPMER, Poduchery – 605006.

e-Payment Details:-
i) Tender Fee Rs. 210/­ and EMD – Rs. 30,000/­ to remit through SBI Collect which is
available in our website www.jipmer.edu.in and select Tender Fee remit link. From the
list of category please select Tender Fee/EMD category for payment confirmation/e­
receipt duly rubber stamped, self attested to be submitted to this office.
The Following Documents are required to the submitted along with counterfoils of original
challans:
i) Registration form & Tender Document duly filled and signed (copy available in our
website www.jipmer.edu.in).
ii) Copy of last three years audited balance sheet and IT return showing annual turnover.
iii) Copy of Sale tax/VAT Registration and PAN.
iv) Copy of Drug Manufacturing License or Import License.
The participating companies should submit an affidavit duly attested by a Notary Public
stating that the company is NOT BLACKLISTED by any state/Central Government
procurement agencies like MSO, TNMSC, RSMS, WBMSC etc.

DD/CASH/CHEQUE/POSTAL ORDERS/TELEGRAPHIC MONEY ORDER WILL NOT BE

ACCEPTED and the tender cost should not be included with EMD. Tender documents/Tender
Fee/EMD category for payment confirmation/e­receipt duly rubber stamped, self attested should
be submitted to Purchase Section, JIPMER on or before 20.05.2016 up to 1 p.m.

17
 Tender should be submitted online in prescribed form. Last date of submission of tender at e­
Tender site is; 26.05.2016 upto 12.00 Noon. The e­tenders will be opened on 26.05.2016 at 2.30
p.m. In case 26.05.2016 happens to be a holiday for unexpected reasons, the tender will be
opened on the aftermoon next working day.

For assistance in e­Tendering, vendors may please contact the service provider M/s. KEONICS
on Ph: 080­4048 2000 / Mob : 9865370307, 9952787829 E­mail : etendershelpdesk@gmail.com
Pre Tender Meeting will be conducted on 12.05.2016 at 2.30 PM at JIPMER

OFFICER INCHARGE (PURCHAGE)

5- fuEufyf[kr lkexzh dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft, % 10x3=30

d½ opqZvy nqfu;k esa ^Cyw osy xse* ;k ^Cy pSysat* :l ls 'kq: gksdj czkthy] phu] bVyh] vtsZaVhuk]
Lisu] osustq,yk] tkftZ;k vkfn ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa igq¡pk] fQj Hkkjr esaA dsjy] eqacbZ] bankSj vkSj caxky esa
tc bl [ksy ds nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk, rks ljdkj pkSdUuh gks xbZ vkSj reke lks'ky lkbVksa ls bls
gVkus dk funsZ'k tkjh dj fn;kA fgald ohfM;ks xse dk ,d cM+k dkjksckj vkWuykbu vkSj vkWQykbu
QSyk iM+k gS] ftls le>us dh pqukSfr;k¡ gekjs lkeus gSA

^Cyw osy xse* dk euksfoKku fgald ohfM;ks xse ls vyx gSA bls euksoSKkfud v/;;uksa vkSj iz;ksxksa
ls le>us dh dksf'k'k dh tk ldrh gSA ;g xse VkLd ;k pqukSfr;ksa dks Lohdkj djus dk leqPp;
gS] ftls ipkl fnuksa rd ,d le>kSrs ds rgr ,MfefuLVªsVj vkSj f[kykM+h ds chp [ksyk tkrk gSA
opqZvy nqfu;k ls tqM+s cPpksa dh ftanxh esa ;g vkØkark dh rjg izos'k djrk gSA blds
lkezkT;oknh&vkrrkbZ Lo:Ik ij lektfoKkfu;ksa] fpardksa] euksfpfdRldksa] vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa vkfn us igys
gh dkQh fopkj fd;k gSA os [kqndq'kh ds bl [ksy dks ysdj vk'p;Zpfdr gSaA vc rd djhc rhu
lkS ftanfx;k¡ fuxy pqds bl [ksy ds jgL; dks le>uk ckdh gSA tk¡p ls flQZ bruk vuqeku
yxk;k x;k gS fd blesa Qalus okys T;knkrj cPps ;k rks viuh ftanxh ls fujk'k vkSj vdsysiu dk
f'kdkj gSa ;k ÝLVsVA
:l ds euksfoKku ds Nk= fQfyi cqMfdu us pkj lky igys bl [ksy dks cuk;k FkkA rc mlus
lkspk Hkh ugha gksxk fd ckjg lky ls vBkjg lky ds cPpksa dks og bl dnj vius tky esa my>k
nsxk fd ekSr dk eatj iljus yxsxkA
,MfefuLVªsVj ds vkea=.k ls vki 'kq: djrs gSa] rc rd og vkids ckjs esa dkQh tkudkfj;ka bdV~Bk
dj ysrk gS vkSj vkidh xfrfof/k;ksa ij fuxkgsa j[krk gSA fQj viuh jps O;wg esa Qalkrk gSA og
rjg&rjg ls pqukSfr;k¡ nsrk gSA og /khjs&/khjs bruk euksoSKkfud ncko cukrk pyk tkrk gS fd vki
,d ^jkscksV* cu dj jg x, gSaA og tSlk pkgrk gS vki oSlk djrs gSaA
[krjukd xfrfof/k;ksa ;k [kqn dks uqdlku igq¡pkus okys dk;ksZa dks /khjs&/khjs rst fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
izekf.kr Hkh djuk gksrk gSA var esa gkFkksa ij lqbZ ;k CysM ls osy dk fp= cukuk vkSj ^[kqndq'kh* ds
fy, rS;kj gksuk gksrk gSA ipkl fnuksa rd [kkl ;kaf=d eu%fLFkfr esa gksus vkSj CySdesy dh otg ls
mlds fy, mu funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djuk vklku gks tkrk gS] tSlk ,MfefuLVªsVj pkgrk gSA
ysfdu ;g dguk xyr gksxk fd blds fy, flQZ cPps ftEesnkj gSa ;k D;wjsVjA vesfjdu
lk;dksykWftdy ,lksfl,'ku us nks o"kZ igys ,d fjiksVZ izdkf'kr dh] tks fgald@gkWjj ohfM;ks ns[kus
okys cPpksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA mlus ekuk fd blds fy, ifjokj vkSj lekt nksuksa ftEesnkj gSaA dbZ
ckj cPps dh ijofj'k ftEesnkj gksrh gS] rks dbZ ckj ikfjokfjd] fgalk vdsykiu vkSj fujk'kkA Ldwy
dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vkSj xjhch Hkh ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA

[k½ jk"Vª] oLrqr% ugha] jk"Vªh; lkaLÑfrd vkSj lkeqnkf;d bdkbZ gSA og LosPNk ls ,d jktuhfrd
O;oLFkk ds v/khu jgus okyk leqnk; gS tks ,d gksus dh Hkkouk ls tqM+k jgrk gSA blds ihNs tkrh;
izkekf.kdrk vkSj ijaijk dh 'kfDr lfØ; jgrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gksrk gS fd mldk lkfgR; cgqla[;d
yksxksa ls lac) gksrk gSA Li"V gS fd ,d rks lkaLd`frd vk/kkjksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkk"kk dh Hkwfedk vf/kd
dkjxj gks ldrh gS] nwljs Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij tkfr dh igpku ls jk"Vª&fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k ean gksrh
gS vkSj Hkk"kkbZ&oSeuL; c<+rk gSA tc ge vaxzsth dh vis{kk viuh Hkk"kk dks ojh;rk nsus dh ckr

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 mBkrs gSa rks fganh gh leku :Ik ls lkeus vkrh gS D;ksafd ogh gekjh vktknh dh yM+kbZ dh Hkk"kk jgh
gS vkSj ogh tu&laidZ dh Hkk"kk Hkh gSA Lora=rk ds ckn dk Hkkjrh; lekt ^oafprksa dk lekt* jgk
gSA vr% Hkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij izkarksa dk iquxZBu djuk] fganh dks vaxzsth dh izfr}af}rk esa lkeus j[kuk
rFkk 'kq)rkoknh@yksdoknh n`f"V dk loky lkeus vkuk ubZ ckr ugha gSA gesa ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk
pkfg, fd vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij fganh&mnwZ&vaxzsth vis{kkÑr vf/kd fl) Hkk"kk,¡ gSa( Hkkjrh;ksa dh
f}rh; Hkk"kk gSA

fQ'keSu us Hkk"kk&uhfr ds vk/kkj ij jk"Vªksa dks rhu oxksZa esa j[kk gSA ,d rks cqf)thfo;ksa dk
vk/kqfudrk ls izHkkfor og oxZ tks tkrh; izkekf.kdrk vkSj egku ijaijk dh 'kfDr ds ncko ls eqDr
gksdj ns'k dks ,dlw=rk esa cka/kus dh vksj izo`Ùk gksrk gSA nwljk] Lons'kh Hkk"kk dks gh jk"VªHkk"kk dk
nkosnkj ekuus okyk og oxZ tks vius fparu ds ihNs lkekftd ,drk] tkrh; izkekf.kdrk vkSj egku
ijaijk dk ncko eglwl djrk gS( vkSj rhljk] tfVy fparu&izfØ;k okyk og oxZ tks ekurk gS fd
{ks=h;rk dh LFkkfud izo`fÙk ls izsfjr lkekftd oxZ dk ;qx chr x;k gS vkSj mlls Åij mBdj
f}Hkkf"kd cuuk O;fDr dh ugha oju~ jk"Vª dh fu;fr gSA ;gk¡ Hkh dsoy jk"Vª ds /kjkry ij fl)
izknsf'kd Hkk"kk esa vkSj varj&izknsf'kd laca/k&lw=&LFkkid Hkk"kk ds chp f}Hkkf"kdrk dh ckr t:jh
ugha gS cfYd ns'k dks vk/kqfud cukus vkSj vU; ns'kksa ls laca/k&LFkkiuk ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd
fdlh ,d fons'kh ik'pkR; Hkk"kk dks Lohdkj dj nksgjh f}Hkkf"kdrk dks c<+kok fn;k tk,A

x½ fodkl ds fy, ÅtkZ cgqr t:jh gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh jk"Vª ds lexz fodkl rFkk ogk¡ dh izfr O;fDr
ÅtkZ dh [kir esa lh/kk laca/k ik;k tkrk gSA lH;rk ds vkjafHkd dky ls vkt rd izfr O;fDr ÅtkZ
dh [kir fujarj c<+rh xbZ gSA Hkkjr ,d fodkl'khy ns'k gS] tks rsth ls fodkl ds ekxZ ij vxzlj
gSA blfy, ÅtkZ gekjs fy, cgqr t:jh gSA ÅtkZ ds fofHkUu lzksr gSa] ftuesa ikjaifjd rFkk
xSjikjaikfjd lzksr nksuksa 'kkfey gSaA tSlk fd ge tkurs gSa] iwjh nqfu;k esa thok"e bZa/ku (fossil fuel)
ds HkaMkj lhfer gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd vxys dqN n'kdksa esa ;s HkaMkj lekIr gks tk,¡xsaA ,sls esa
gesa ÅtkZ ds u,&u, lzksr vHkh ls ryk'kus gksaxs vU;Fkk fodkl dk ifg;k Bgj tk,xkA ^lkSj ÅtkZ*
blh rjg dh ,d oSdfYid ÅtkZ gS ftl ij vktdy cgqr /;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ds fy,
lkSj ÅtkZ cgqr cM+k lzksr cuus dk lkeF;Z j[krh gSA D;ksafd gekjk ns'k xeZ ns'k gS ;gk¡ lwjt dh
fdj.ksa yxHkx iwjs lky miyC/k jgrh gSaA

lkSj ÅtkZ og ÅtkZ gS tks lh/ks lw;Z dh jks'kuh ls izkIr dh tkrh gSA lkSj ÅtkZ gh /kjrh ij ekSle
,oa tyok;q dh xfr'khyrk dk lapkyu djrh gSA i`Foh ij ekStwn reke rjg ds ÅtkZ lzksrksa dk ewy
lw;Z gSA thou dh leLr xfrfof/k;k¡ lw;Z ls lapkfyr gksrh gSaA ouLifr;k¡ rFkk tho&tarq vius
tSfod fØ;kdykiksa ds lapkyu esa lkSj ÅtkZ dk gh iz;ksx djrs gSaA isM+&ikS/ks ^Loiks"kh* dgs tkrs gSa
D;ksafd izdk'k la'ys"k.k (Photo­Synthesis) ds tfj, os viuk vkgkj Lo;a rS;kj dj ysrs gSaA bl
izfØ;k esa gfjr yod ;kuh DyksjksfQy dh mifLFkfr esa okrkoj.kh; tyok"Ik rFkk dkcZu
MkbZvkWDlkbM ds la;ksx ls os dkcksZgkbMªsV izk;% Xyqdkst dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA bl jklk;fud izfØ;k
esa lkSj fofdj.k dh vge Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds fu;e ds vuqlkj ÅtkZ dHkh u"V ugha
gksrh gS cfYd mldk :ikarj.k gksrk gSA izdk'k la'ys"k.k esa fo|qr&pqacdh; ÅtkZ isM+&ikS/kksa esa
jklk;fud ÅtkZ ¼Xyqdkst½ esa cny tkrh gSA tho&tarq izk;% ijiks"kh gksrs gSa] tks vius vkgkj ds
fy, bu ouLifr;ksa ij vkfJr gksrs gSaA /kjrh ij ekStwn dks;yk] isVªksfy;e vkfn thok"e bZa/ku
lthoksa ls fufeZr gSa] ftUgksaus lkSj fofdj.k dk bLrseky djrs gq, jklk;fud ÅtkZ rS;kj dh FkhA

***

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