5. See the key points.

6. See the key points.

7. See the key points.
8. See the key points.
9. See the key points.
10. See the key points.
11. See the key points.

Case Based Question (4 Marks)

Section – D
Answer of Case - 1
1. In a democratic country, the political executive is elected by
the people for a specific period and is responsible for taking
big decisions. The non-political executive, also known as the
permanent executive or civil services, is appointed on a long-
term basis and works under the political executive to assist them
in carrying out the day-to-day administration.
2. The political executive has more power than the non-political
executive because they are elected representatives of the people
and are empowered to exercise the will of the people on their
behalf. The political executive is finally answerable to the people
for all the consequences of their decisions.
3. The political executive, particularly the elected ministers, are
responsible for the consequences of the decisions they make.
As representatives of the people, they are accountable to the
public for their actions and decisions.
Answer of Case - 2
1. The President of India is a nominal executive, whereas the
President of the United States of America is both the head of the
state and the head of the government. The President of India is
elected indirectly by an Electoral College, while the US President
is directly elected by the people.

237 Class IX - Social Science

2. Yes, the President of the United States can veto any law.
However, the law-making is still done by the legislature (called
the Congress in the US).
3. The parliamentary system of government is a system of
government where the parliament is supreme. This system is
followed in many countries, including India, the United Kingdom,
Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Answer of Case - 3
1. Two
2. (c) House of people
3. President
4. President

Class IX - Social Science 238

 Chapter - 5
Democratic Rights
Key Points to be Remember:-
• Rights are claims of a person over other follow, beings, over
the society and over the government. All of us want to line
happily, without fear and without being subjected to degraded
treatment.
• When fellow citizens or the government do not respect these
your rights we call it violation or infringement of our rights then
we can approach courts to prefect their rights.

Why do we need rights in a democracy?

(i) Rights protect minorities from the oppression of the majority.
(ii) Rights ensure freedom from the repressive laws and policies
of the governed.
(iii) Rights enhance the participation of people in the election
process.

• Rights in the Indian Constitution:

239 Class IX - Social Science

I. Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18)

• Equality before law means that the laws apply in the same
manner to all, regardless of person’s status. This is known as
rule of law. It means that no person is above the law and every
person is subjected to same laws. (Article -14)
• Equal protection of law means the right to equal treatment in
similar circumstances. No one should be favoured and no one
should be placed under any disadvantage, if the circumstances
are similar.
• Further, the constitution provides that the state shall not
discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race,
caste, sex or place of birth. Every citizen shall have the access
to public places like shops, restaurants, hotels and cinema halls.
Similarly, there shall be no restriction with regard to the use of
wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, playgrounds etc. (Article-15)
• All citizens have equality of opportunity in matters relating to
employment or appointment to any position in the government.
Class IX - Social Science 240
 Though reservation benefits are provided to some sections of
society but this is not against right to equality. Because equality
does not mean giving everyone the same treatment, no matter
what they need. Equality means giving everyone an equal
opportunity to achieve whatever one is capable of. Sometimes
it is necessary to give special treatment to someone in order to
ensure equal opportunity. (Article-16)

• The principle of non-discrimination extends to social life as

well. The practice of untouchability has been abolished and its
practice in any form is forbidden (Article-17).

• Prohibition of all titles except of military and Academic distinctions

(Article-18).

II. Right to Freedom (Article 19 to 22):

• The constitution of India provides all citizens the following rights

(Article-19)
(i) Freedom of speech and expression
(ii) Freedom of assembly in a peaceful manner
(iii) Freedom to form associations or unions

241 Class IX - Social Science

 (iv) Freedom of movement throughout the country
(v) freedom to reside in any part of the country
(vi) Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any
occupation, trade or business.

• The Article Provide safeguard to the accused of crimes

(Article-20).

• Right to life and personal liberty (Article-21):

The constitution says that no person can be deprived of his life or
personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. It
means that no person can be killed unless the court has ordered a
death sentence. It also means that a government or police officer cannot
arrest or detain any citizen unless he has proper legal justification.

• Rights in case of arrest (Article-22):

(i) Arrested person(s) should be informed of the reasons for such
arrest and detention.
(ii) Arrested person shall be produced before the nearest magistrate
within a period of 24 hours of arrest.
(iii) Arrested person has the right to consult a lawyer or engage a
lawyer for his defence.

III. Right against Exploitation (Article 23 and 24)

Class IX - Social Science 242

IV. Right to freedom of Religion (Article 25 to 28)

• Every person has a right to profess, practice and propagate the

religion he or she believes in.
• Every religious group or sect is free to manage its religious
affairs.
• Every religious group has the right to establish and maintain
institutions for religious and charitable purposes, and to own
and acquire movable and immovable property.
• The government cannot compel any person to pay any taxes
for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or
religious institution.
• There shall be no religious instruction in the government
educational institutions.
• In educational institutions managed by private bodies no person
shall be compelled to take part in any religious instruction or to
attend any religious worship.
• Secularism in reference to article 25 to 28
India is a secular state. Secularism is based on the idea that the
state is concerned only with relations among human beings, and

243 Class IX - Social Science

not with the relation between human beings and God. Citizens have
complete freedom to follow any religion. The constitution provides
citizens comprehensive rights to profess, practice and propagate the
religion he or she believes in.
A secular state is one that does not establish any one religion as
official religion. India has no official religion.
Indian secularism practices an attitude of a principled and equal
distance from all religions. The state has to be neutral and impartial in
dealing with all religions.

V. Cultural and Educational Right (Article 29 & 30)

The constitution provides following cultural and educational rights

to the minorities under the article 29 & 30:
(i) Any section of citizens with a distinct language or culture has
a right to conserve it.
(ii) Admission to any educational institution maintained by
government or receiving government aid cannot be denied to
any citizen on the ground of religion or language.
(iii) All minorities have the right to establish and administer
educational institutions of their choice.

VI. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article-32)

Article-32 provides a guaranteed remedy for the enforcement of
these rights. We have a right to seek the enforcement of these rights.
This is called right to constitutional remedies. Further, this itself is a
fundamental right. This makes the fundamental rights effective.

Class IX - Social Science 244

 It is possible that sometimes our rights may be violated by fellow
citizens, private bodies or by the government. When any of our rights
are violated we can seek remedy through courts. If it is a Fundamental
Right, we can directly approach the Supreme Court or the High Court
of a state.
The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to issue
directions, orders, or writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental
Rights. They can also award compensation to the victims and
punishment to the violators.
• Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar called the Right to Constitutional
Remedies, ‘the heart and soul’ of our constitution.
• An independent commission called National Human Rights
Commission has been set up by law on 12 October 1993.
It helps the victims secure their human rights especially
fundamental rights.

QUESTIONS
Very short questions (1 mark)
Q.1 Who protects the Fundamental Rights of citizens?
(a) Courts (b) Police
(c) Artists (d) Cine Stars
Q.2 Right to vote is which type of right?
(a) Political Right (b) Religious Right
(c) Social Right (d) Economic Right
Q.3 When is the Human Rights day celebrated?
(a) 10th December (b) 10th September
(c) 11thJanuary (d) 11th December

245 Class IX - Social Science

Q.4 What do you understand by rights?

Q.5. What is right to privacy?

Q.6 What do you understand by right to Equality?

Q.7 What do you understand by secular state?

Q.8 What is Right to Education (RTE)?

Q.9 What is Right to Information (RTI)?

Q.10 Read the following statements and choose the correct (State
/ Region).
Options:
I. People were kept here on the basis of suspicion
II. Family member are not allowed to meet prisoners.
III. Innocent people were not released.
(a) Saudi Arab (b) Pakistan
(c) Kosovo (d) Guantanama Bay

Q.11 Milosevic had was the elections after which his government
treated harshly towards which of the following?
(a) Serbs People (b) Albanians
(c) UNO representative (d) Peoples of Saudi Arab

Q.12 Which of the following statements are related to the right

to equality. Choose the correct option.
(i) Some law should not apply to all
(ii) Equality of opportunity to all the citizens in matters of
employment.
(iii) Claiming of special rights by any person on the basis
of legal position.
(iv) To give priority to the poor in jobs under various schemes
by the government.

Class IX - Social Science 246

 Options:
(a) Statement I is correct
(b) Statement II, III & IV are correct
(c) Statement I & IV are correct
(d) Statement II & IV are correct

Q.13 The constitution says that no person can be deprived of

his __________.
(a) Right to shelter (b) Right to food
(c) Right to life (d) Right to clean environment

Q.14 Which of the following right provide the opportunity to

lakhs of people move out of villages to work in cities and
prosperous area?
(a) Right against exploitation (b) Right to equality
(c) Right to freedom (d) Right to work

Q.15 There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and

Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided
below:
Assertion (A) : The victims in Kosovo faced a threat to the
most basic of all liberties, the protection of
individual life and personal liberty.
Reason (R) : Kosovo was ruled by Serbs.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation
of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is true.

247 Class IX - Social Science

Q.16 There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and
Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided
below:
Assertion (A) : The Constitution makers were so particular
in providing written guarantees of the rights
of the majorities.
Reason (R) : The working of democracy gives power to
the majority.
Options:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation
of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(d) (A) is wrong but (R) is true.

Q.17 Select the correct option to which the news collage is related
from the given below.

Class IX - Social Science 248

 (a) Amnesty International
(b) India Government
(c) UNO
(d) National Human Right Commission

Q.18 Arrange the following statements in sequential order based

on the provision related to the right and select the correct
option.
Provisions related to right to freedom Option
I. Freedom of speech and a. IV, I, III, II
expression
II. Move freely throughout the b. III, II, I, IV
country
III. Form associations and Unions c. II, III,IV, I
IV. Assembly in a peaceful manner d. I, IV, III, II

Q.19 Match Column-A with Column-B and choose the correct

option:
Column-A Column-B
I. Right to propagate the religion 1. Right to freedom
II. Abolition of Untouchability 2. Right to equality
III. Prohibits Forced Labour 3. Right to freedom
of religion
IV. Move Freely throughout 4. Right against
the country exploitation
Options:-
I II III IV
(a) 4 1 3 2
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 2 1 4
(d) 1 4 2 3

249 Class IX - Social Science

2 Marks Questions
Q.1 Give two examples where right were limited or denied to
people.
Q.2 State two advantages of rights.
Q.3 Write about the rights that prevent discrimination in the
society.
Q.4 Why is freedom of expression described as a basic feature
of democracy?
Q.5 Mention two evils mentioned by the constitution.
Q.6 Explain the difference between fundamental rights and human
rights.

3/5 Marks Questions

Q.1 Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy.
Justify the statement by giving important reasons.
Q.2 Mention any three arguments to prove that Indian are free
in religion area.
Q.3 The freedom of expression should not be extended to
those who are spreading wrong and narrow minded ideas.
Substantiate your answer with three reasons.
Q.4 There have been many cases in the world which seem to
have denied rights or given limited rights to certain individuals
in some countries. Explain with the help of example.
Q.5 Telugu speaking people form a majority in Andhra Pradesh.
But they minority in the state of Karnataka. Mention the
rights given in the constitution that minorities should get in
Karnataka.
Q.6 Rule of law is the foundation of any democracy. Justify
the statement by giving three arguments in reference to
India.

Class IX - Social Science 250

Q.7 From time to time, the courts have taken such decisions
which have widened the scope of rights. Substantiate your
answer with any three arguments.
Q.8 Explain the difference between fundamental rights and human
rights.
Q.9 What are the fundamental Rights that have been given to
every citizen in India?
Q.10 What is Right to Equality? Explain.
Q.11 What are the freedoms that come under Right to Freedom?
Q.12 What are the important rights conferred under Right against
Exploitation? Explain.
Q.13 Briefly explain the right to Freedom of Religion?
Q.14 Explain the rights envisaged under Cultural and Educational
Rights?
Q.15 What do understand by Right to Constitutional remedies?
Q.16 How are the Fundamental Rights protected in the constitution?
Q.17 Is India a secular state? Justify your answer.
Q.18 Why did Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar call the Right to Constitutional
Remedies as ‘the heart and soul’ of our constitution?
Q.19 Why do we need rights in a democracy?
Q.20 What is right to life?
Q.21 What are the rights of a person in case of his arrest?
Q.22 What are new rights provided to the citizens by the Constitution
of South Africa?
Q.23 Which of the Fundamental Right is being violated in the
following circumstances:
(i) Children, under 14years of age, are employed in the
factory.

251 Class IX - Social Science

 (ii) People are forced to work for free in Ramesh’s village.
(iii) People are stopped from voting in Rahul’s village.
(iv) Varun is prohibited from building house in Mumbai who has
migrated from Bihar.
(v) Malati is stopped from fetching water from a village pond in
the state of Tamilnadu.
Q.24 The constitution has critically mentioned some evils. Analyse
the statement.

Q.25 Like other countries of the world, most of the people of

India follow different religions. Justify the statements with
suitable arguments.

Q.26 Examine the role of Right to Constitutional remedies in

making fundamental rights effective.

Q.27 What exactly do fundamental right mean for an ordinary

citizen? Substantiate with suitable answer.

Q.28 Examine the role of international covenant in expanding the

scope of economics, social and cultural rights.

Case / Source Based Question: (4 Marks)

Q.1 Read the given source and the questions that follow:
About 600 people were secretly picked up by the US forces from
all over the world and put in a prison in Guantanamo Bay.
Amnesty International, an international human rights
organisation, collected information on the condition of the
prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that the prisoners
were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws. They
were being denied the treatment that even prisoners of war
must get as per international treaties. Many prisoners had tried
protesting against these conditions by going on a hunger strike.
Prisoners were not released even after they were officially
declared not guilty. An independent inquiry by the UN supported

Class IX - Social Science 252

 these findings. The UN Secretary General said the prison in
Guantanamo Bay should be closed down. The US government
refused to accept these pleas.
(i) Which country kept prisoners in Guantanamo Bay
(ii) Why did the Amnesty International collected information
on the condition of prisoners?
(iii) What was confirmed by the investigation conducted by the
United Nations?

Q.2 Read the case given below and answer the questions that
follow:
Right are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy.
In a democracy every citizen has to have the right to vote and
the right to be elected to government. For democratic elections
to take place, it is necessary that citizens should have the right
to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in
political activities.
Rights also perform a very special role in a democracy. Rights
protect minorities from the oppression of majority. They ensure
that the majority cannot do whatever it likes. Rights are
guarantees which can be used when things go wrong. Things
may go wrong when some citizens may wish to take away the
rights of others. This usually happens when those in majority
want to dominate those in minority. The government should
protect the citizens rights in such a situation. But sometimes
elected governments may not protect or may even attack the
rights of their own citizens. That is why some rights need to be
placed higher than the government, so that the government
cannot violate them. In most democracies the basic rights of
the constitution.
(i) Why is it necessary to have rights for the establishment
of a democratic government?
(ii) How do rights protect minorities.
(iii) Write any two fundamental rights you get?

253 Class IX - Social Science

 ANSWERS

Answer of 1 Mark Questions

1. Courts (High Court and Supreme Court)
2. Political right.
3. 10th December
4. Rights are reasonable claims of persons recognized by society
and sanctioned bylaw.
5. Under this, citizens or their home cannot be searched, their
phones cannot be tapped etc. (Right to privacy has been
declared as Fundamental Right by the Supreme Court of India
in 2017)
6. There should be no discrimination on the grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex or place of birth.
7. A secular state is one that does not establish any one religion
as official religion.
8. The governments are responsible for providing free and
compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years.
9. Information can be accessed from government offices.
10. (d)
11. (b)
12. (d)
13. (c)
14. (c)
15. (a)
16. (d)
17. (d)
18. (d)
19. (b)

Class IX - Social Science 254

Answer of 2 Marks Questions

1. (i) Life of the prisoners held at Guantanamo Bay

(ii) The life of Albanians in KOSOVO

2. (i) To live without fear.

(ii) Availability of opportunities for development.

3. (i) Right to equality

(ii) Right to freedom

4. Because with the freedom of expression, a person participates

in government by voting for the person of his/her choice. He
can support the good works and criticise the wrong work.

5. (i) Prohibits ‘traffic in Human beings’.

(ii) Prohibits forced labour or begar

6.
Fundamental Rights Human Rights
1. It was written in the 1. This is written in the UN
Indian Constitution. Charter.
2. Total number is six. 2. Total number is 30.
3. This is for the people 3. It is for all the people of the
of India. world.

Answer of 3/5 Mark Questions

1. See the key points (Why do we need rights in democracy)
2. See the key point (Right to freedom of religion)
3. See the key point
4. See the key points (Life without rights)
5. See the key points (Cultural and education rights)
7. See key points (Expanding scope of rights)

255 Class IX - Social Science

 8.
Fundamental Rights
1. It is written in the Indian
Constitution.
2. These are six in number.
3. This is only for Indian.
Human Rights
1. This is written in the UN
Charter.
2. These are 30 in number.
3. It is for all the Humanity.

9. See the key points.

10. See the key points.

11. See the key points.

12. See the key points.

13. See the key points.

14. See the key points.

15. See the key points.

16. See the key points.

17. See the key points.

18. See the key points.

19. See the key points.

20. See the key points

21. See the key points.

22. New rights given in the Constitution of South Africa:

(i) Right to privacy
(ii) Right to clean Environment
(iii) Right to have adequate housing
(iv) Right to have access to health care services, sufficient
food and water.

Class IX - Social Science 256

23. (i) Right against Exploitation
(ii) Right against Exploitation
(iii) Right to Freedom
(iv) Right to Freedom
(v) Right to Equality

24. See the key points (Right against exploitation)

25. See the key point (Right to freedom of religion)

26. See the key points (Right to constitutional remedies)

27. ● Do not interfere others in family life

● Right to move to any area for economic activities
● Easily follow the rules of the religion
● Prevention of exploitative policies
● Equal opportunities

28. ● Right to work

● Right to safety
● Right to adequate standard of life
● Right to social security
● Right to health and education

Answer of 4 Marks Questions

1. (i) America
(ii) Because it is a human rights organisation that works for
the Human rights of all the people in the world.
(iii) (1) Prisoners were kept in prison even if they were not
officially convicted.
(2) The prisoners were subjected to more fortune.

257 Class IX - Social Science

 2. (i) The success of democracy cannot be imagined without
rights.
(ii) Due to the attainment of right the exploitative form of the
majority on the minorities never comes into practice.
(iii) (1) Right to Equality
(2) Right to Freedom

Class IX - Social Science 258