UNIDAD EDUCATIVA PARTICULAR ANDREW

SECOND TRIMESTER

ENGLISH QUARTERLY PROJECT

THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT EGYPT ACCORDING TO THE GAME

ASSASSINS CREED ORIGINS

PARTICIPANTS:

Lema Analuisa Kimberly Dayana

Mañay Castro Daniel Adrian

Montaquiza Panchi Rafael Julian

Moreno Nuñez Polo Sebastian

Simbaña Chuquimarca Nicole Tayra

TEACHER:

Lic. Cristóbal Michael Recalde E.

March 18
 2023-2024

Abstract

The history of Ancient Egypt starts when Pharaoh Narmer united the kingdoms of Upper
Egypt and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC. This civilisation in the Nile River valley benefited
from natural resources and geographical stability, which promoted agriculture and protected
against external threats. Egyptian society depended heavily on the divine rule of the pharaoh,
who represented stability and order. Egyptian civilisation is characterised by monumental
architecture, funerary practices and cultural contributions in medicine and mathematics. Ramses
II, Cleopatra VII, Menes, Imhotep, Hatshepsut, Tutankhamun and many other pharaohs left a
great cultural heritage. Temples, mastabas and pyramids were important buildings.

Resumen

La historia del antiguo Egipto empezó cuando el faraón Narmer llegó al poder alrededor
del año 3100 a.C. uniendo los reinos del Alto y Bajo Egipto. Esta civilización del valle del Nilo
se benefició de los recursos naturales y la estabilidad geográfica que promovieron la agricultura y
la protegieron de amenazas externas. La sociedad egipcia dependía en gran medida del gobierno
divino del faraón, que representaba la estabilidad y el orden. La civilización egipcia se caracteriza
por su arquitectura monumental, prácticas funerarias y contribuciones culturales en medicina y
matemáticas. Ramsés II, Cleopatra VII, Menes, Imhotep, Hatshepsut, Tutankamón y muchos
otros faraones dejaron un gran legado cultural. Se construyeron templos, mastabas y pirámides.
General objective

To analyze and understand the factors and events that have contributed to the
establishment and progress of the civilization of the Ancient Egypt. The purpose is to offer an
understanding of the history of the Ancient Egypt, from foundation to its own characteristic, in
order to expand our knowledge and appreciation of this dazzling civilization.

Specific objective

 Investigate the geopolitical an environment factors that helped establish Ancient Egypt
around 3100 BC, especially the role of the Nile River Valley in agriculture stability,
natural resources and protection against external threats.
 Analyze how the political unification carried out during the regin of Pharaoh Narmer
helped the formation of the cultural and administrative identity of Ancient Egypt, look at
its effects on social integration and the establishment of systems of government.
 Examine the evolution of the architecture of the Ancient Egyptian civilization through the
study of the mastabas, pyramids and temples, explaining their symbolic meanings for that
civilization, their structural characteristics and functional roles in the religious context, of
the Egyptian civilization.
THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT EGYPT ACCORDING TO THE GAME ASSASSINS CREED
ORIGINS

Ancient Egypt was founded around the year 3100 B.C. when Pharaoh Narmer united the
Upper and the Lower Egypt, establishing the first dynastic period. This marked the beginning of
one of the most enduring and important civilizations in the actual history, and the various factors
and events that contributed to its formation and development. Kemet is the native name of the
country, specifically "black earth", in contrast to Deshret, "red earth", due to the color of the
fertilizer mud that covers the valley on the banks of the Nile during the annual floods.

https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/temas/antiguo-egipto

Historical context

Egypt was founded in the Nile River Valley, which offered rich natural resources,
geographical stability and protection from external invasions.

Partly because of the belief in a cosmic order established by the gods and ruled by
Pharaoh, Egyptian civilization was characterized by longevity and cohesion.
 https://uni3.uy/portfolio-items/civilizacion-egipcia/

Events and factors

The formation of the Ancient Egypt as a political and cultural entity was because to the
unification of the Upper and Lower Egypt under a centralized government.

The flourishing of this civilization, the Egyptian civilization, was driven by the
development of hieroglyphic writing and the consolidation of a social, religious and
administrative structure. Notable features:

The strong emphasis on stability and order, personified by the figure of Pharaoh as divine
ruler, characterized Egyptian society.

Other distinguishing features of Egyptian civilization are monumental architecture,

complex burial practices, complex mythology and contributions to fields such as medicine,
astronomy and mathematics.

Main factors

Geography

They settled in near the Nile River and this provided them a good agricultural stability, a
lot of natural resources and the protection from the invasions, creating great conditions for the
progress of a prosperous civilization like this.
 Political unification: around year 3100 BC, Upper and Lower Egypt had united. A
centralized government and administration was established under the rule of the Pharaoh Narmer,
who laid the foundations for a coherent political entity.

https://profesorpaco.wordpress.com/2016/03/29/ud-09-primeras-civilizaciones-egipto-antiguo/

Complex writing and social structure:

Internal cohesion and cultural development are promoted by the development of

hieroglyphic writing and the consolidation of a complex social, religious and administrative
structure.

Stability and order

The focus on order and the stability, personified by the figure of the Pharaoh such as a
divine ruler or emperor, contributed to a large longevity of the Egyptian society and civilization.

The architecture, funerary practices and cultural contributions: monumental architecture,

complex funerary practices such as the mummification, their complex mythology and the
contributions to the society in the fields such as medicine, the distinguishing features of this
civilization were the astronomy and the mathematics.

Language:

Ancient Egyptian is the word for ancient Egyptian. Throughout their history, their
language, an extinct branch of Afro-Asian linguistic family, was written in the famous
hieroglyphics and other writing systems used in that time, such as hieratic and demotic. Ancient

Egyptian was spoken in this Egypt around the year 3100 B.C. until Christianity became the
official religion of this territory and the Coptic religion gradually replaced it.
 https://www.shutterstock.com/es/search/jerogl%C3%ADficos

Pharaohs

As the bearer of divine blood, Pharaoh occupied the highest level of the social pyramid
and was responsible for building temples and maintaining the worship of the gods. He was also
the commander of the Egyptian armies, the supreme judge, the guarantor of order and responsible
for ensuring that everything worked properly.

History of the most important Pharaohs in his time

The Egyptian history of the frame at different periods and by different rulers, emperors or
pharaohs some of the most important were the nexts: MENES (NARMER) was the first pharaoh
of the unified Egypt, around 3100 B.C. It was famous for unifying the Upper and Lower Egypt
and founding the first dynasty.

Imhotep (Zoser): He worked as an architect and adviser to Zoser, the pharaoh of the Third
Dynasty. Well known for building the pyramids of the first stage at Saqqara, although according
to the tradition he wasn’t an emperor. Hatshepsut was one of the few pharaohs of this civilization
during the 18th Dynasty. Prosperity and the commercial expansion characterized his government.

Tutankhamun: When Tutankhamun was buried in 1922, he was one of the most famous
pharaohs, though his reign was short-lived and his story focuses more on the wealth of his tomb
than on his achievements as a pharaoh.
 Ramses II: Ramses “the Great” was one of the pharaohs with more power of Egypt during
the 19th Dynasty. Credited with numerous buildings and battles, including the Battle of Kadesh.

Cleopatra VII: Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty, is one of the most
famous people in Egyptian and world history. His role in the fall of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the
rise of the Roman Empire over Egypt was because to her relations with Julius Caesar and Mark
Antony.

https://www.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-/2021-08-17egipto-culpan-fario

Typologies of ancient Egyptian architecture

Mastabas

Should be known because they are small structures in the form of truncated pyramid that
only have the base or trunk of this geometric figure, without its upper part of the body with apical
end. The graves were placed in the places where the first mounds were. Over time, these mounds
became blocks of adobe and stone, which allowed to build an open chamber (serdab) on the wall
on which a statue of the deceased could be placed of stone or wood. Then galleries and interior
spaces were added.
 https://www.diariodelviajero.com/africa/mastabas-egipcias

Pyramids of Egypt

The pyramids are one of the most important symbols of the Egyptian architecture. These
were tombs for the Pharaohs and their family. In reality, they were not built by themselves, but
served as an axis for many other buildings, generating large religious funerary enclosures where
other smaller pyramids were built for women and relatives. These designs represented mainly
two concepts. On the one hand, they referred to the primordial hill, which according to the
cosmogony of the Egyptian religion emerged from the waters or the primordial ocean. Some
authors argue that flooding the Nile could affect the idea of the origin of the universe.

https://educahistoria.com/las-piramides-de-egipto-quienes-fueron-realmente-sus-constructores/

Temples

Their religious concept is very different from the one used today. At that time, it seemed
more like the "home" of a certain god than a place of worship for his believers, so they did not
enter the inner sanctuary. However, his role in the life of the Egyptian civilization was central
and played, to one degree or another, many functions: administrative, social, medical, educational
center, etc. For these functions, auxiliary adobe constructions and the stone temple itself could be
used. built. However, their characteristics changed over time, as in the pre-Nazi era and the early
days of the Old Kingdom, the temples looked more like small adobe chapels with roofs of
vegetation that housed an image of the god. Over time, they became stone temples, already
present in important funerary complexes such as Djoser, Keops, Khafra and Mikerin.

Structure of the temples

Dromos: an alley with sphinxes on both sides that leads to the doors of the temple. It
could unite several temples or a temple with another important site.

Pylons: large trapezoidal walls, thickened at the base, which served as a gateway to the
enclosure, leaving between them an opening for the passage of believers. Its walls were richly
decorated with polychrome bas-reliefs, and flags or huge banners were often hung on the sides of
the entrance. There were also obelisks decorated with bas-reliefs.

Room Hipetra or Yard Peristilo: It was an open space in its central part, surrounded in its
perimeter by a portico of columns. Here the priests met the believers who were not allowed to
enter the sanctuary. If the set had several peristyle courtyards, these were separated by their
respective pylons.

Columns Room: Covered room filled with columns. This room used to be above the
ground floor. The aristocracy could enter here, but the people could not. It was illuminated by
grilles on the ceiling, leaving the sides dark. It is often spoken of as a true "columnar forest",
although it would be more appropriate to speak of "sea" or "ocean", since the idea that was
intended to transmit was that of the primordial waters from which the primordial plants arise.
Papyrus. And the ones who grew the most were those who received the divine light filtered
through the lattices so that the central and illuminated pillars were higher than the shaded side
pillars.
 https://masfe.org/temas/para-meditar/antiguo-egipto-templos-rituales/

Sanctuary

It consists of different rooms. Access was limited to priests and pharaohs. Most of them
are poorly lit and not large. They are richly decorated with images of gods, myths and pharaohs,
all polychrome and brightly colored. In this room you have to take this into account.

https:// www.arkiplus.com/
templos-egipcios- construccion-diseno-y-
decoracion#google_vignette

Sacred Chamber
This is an image of a temple deity, where your bath or soul can reside. Due to its sacred
nature, it is often called Sancta Santorum. It may contain vessels used in processions outside the
temple.

Other rooms or chapels: They contained images of other deities associated with the patron saint
of the temple, or rooms where important ritual objects were kept.
 https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/peligroso-oficio-saqueador-tumbas-antiguo-
egipto_15521

Fences and other auxiliary structures

The temple used to be surrounded by a mud wall that symbolically protected it from the
outside, but over time also provided defensive military protection. Within this enclosure, between
the temple and the walls, other religious spaces (mammisi) or other (warehouses, teaching
centers, writing workshops, etc.) were often established.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture

Conclusion

In conclusion an analysis of the factors and events that contributed to the lasting
civilization of Ancient Egypt shows a multifaceted narrative marked by stability, order,
monumental, architecture and significant contributions in a variety o fields.

Recommendations
 In this report, we must bear in mind that the Egyptians still have their customs, which
have been handed down from generation to generation, and that they must respect their
pharaohs who are their gods.
 It is recommended to visit this page for its attractive monuments, have respect for their
gods
 This country Egypt needs to be given more global reconicimiento since it continues with
many things of its ancient era as the form of transport that is the camel
Citations

Wikimedia Foundation. (2024a, March 3). Antiguo Egipto. Wikipedia.

https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguo_Egipto

Ferreiro, M. Á. (2023a, December 29). 10 Curiosidades del Antiguo Egipto. El Reto Histórico.
https://elretohistorico.com/curiosidades-egipto/

Mancebo, I. G. (n.d.-a). Monumentos y Atracciones Turísticas de Egipto - Qué ver en egipto.

Egipto by CIVITATIS. https://www.egipto.net/monumentos-atracciones

Mejores Monumentos de Egipto. Circuitos, grandes viajes y Caribe al mejor precio en Iberojet.
(n.d.-a). https://paquetes.iberojet.com/blog/mejores-monumentos-de-egipto

Polo, C. (2021a, November 15). Los Faraones Más importantes del Antiguo Egipto.
GrandVoyage Blog. https://blog.grandvoyage.com/los-faraones-mas-importantes-del-
antiguo-egipto/

Geografía de Egipto: Principales Regiones. Egipto Exclusivo. (2024a, February 12).

https://www.egiptoexclusivo.com/informacion-practica/geografia/

Wikimedia Foundation. (2024, January 31). Ancient Egyptian architecture. Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture