Report about the developments of

computer types (processors and

generation from 1982-up to Now

241904389 ‫احمد عبد الرازق محمد‬

232903937 ‫زياد عماد محمد الهادي الدبيكي‬

242904430 ‫جمال سمير عبد العزيز‬

24190439 ‫محمد صالح سالمة احمد‬

### 1980s:

- **1982**: Intel introduces the 80286 processor, marking a transition to 16-bit computing.

- **1985**: Intel launches the 386 processor, the first 32-bit microprocessor.
- **1987**: IBM introduces the PS/2 line of computers featuring the 80386 processor.

### 1990s:

- **1993**: Intel launches the Pentium processor, a significant advancement in consumer computing.

- **1997**: Intel releases the Pentium II processor, featuring a new Slot 1 architecture.

- **1999**: AMD releases the Athlon processor, competing directly with Intel's Pentium series.

### 2000s:

- **2000**: Intel releases the Pentium 4 processor, reaching speeds up to 1.5 GHz.

- **2003**: AMD releases the Athlon 64 processor, the first mainstream 64-bit processor.

- **2006**: Intel introduces the Core microarchitecture with the Core 2 Duo processor.

- **2008**: Intel releases the first Core i7 processor, initiating the Core i-series lineup.

### 2010s:

- **2011**: Intel introduces the Sandy Bridge architecture, featuring improved performance and
integrated graphics.

- **2012**: AMD releases the first Ryzen processors, marking a return to competitiveness in the CPU
market.

- **2017**: Intel releases the 8th generation Core processors, with up to 6 cores for mainstream
desktops.

- **2019**: AMD releases the Ryzen 3000 series, featuring the 7nm Zen 2 architecture.

### 2020s:

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- **2020**: Intel releases the 10th generation Core processors, with improved performance and
efficiency.

- **2020**: AMD launches the Ryzen 5000 series, based on the Zen 3 architecture, boasting significant
IPC improvements.

- **2021**: Intel releases the 11th generation Core processors, featuring the Cypress Cove architecture
and PCIe 4.0 support.

- **2022**: AMD launches the Ryzen 6000 series, built on the Zen 3+ architecture.

### Penetration and Usage:

- Computers became more affordable and widespread in the 1980s, entering homes and businesses.

- The 1990s saw a significant rise in personal computer usage, with Windows 95 becoming a landmark
OS.

- The 2000s brought about the era of laptops, with increasing mobility and computing power.

- The 2010s witnessed the rise of smartphones and tablets, altering how people access computing power.

- Cloud computing became mainstream, with services like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud dominating
the market.

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- The 2020s continue to see a push towards AI, IoT, and edge computing, with an increasing focus on
energy efficiency and sustainability.

### Global Contributions:

#### United States:

- Home to major companies like Intel and AMD.

- Innovations in processor development for various applications.

#### Taiwan:

- Headquarters of TSMC, a major manufacturer of processors for various companies.

- Vital role in manufacturing and advancing technology.

#### China:

- Increased investment in developing domestic processors.

- Companies like Huawei HiSilicon making strides in technology projects.

#### Europe:

- Companies like ARM (now owned by Nvidia), whose processors are widely used in mobile devices.

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### Advantages and Importance of Processor Development:

#### 1. Enhanced Performance:

- New processors offer improved performance due to advanced manufacturing technologies.

- Increased core counts mean better multitasking capabilities.

#### 2. Higher Efficiency:

- Reduced power consumption makes devices more energy-efficient.

- Improvements in cooling lead to quieter and cooler devices.

#### 3. Support for New Technologies:

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- Enhanced integrated graphics support better gaming and design.

- Support for AI technologies like machine learning and neural networks.

#### 4. New Applications:

- Enables applications of virtual reality and augmented reality.

- Support for medical and scientific applications requiring massive computing power.

### Why We Need Processor Development:

#### 1. Increasing Application Demands:

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- Modern applications require greater performance, whether in gaming, design, engineering, or education.

#### 2. Improved User Experience:

- Faster devices translate to better user experiences, whether in daily browsing or video playback.

#### 3. Rapid Technological Advancements:

- With advancing technologies, processors need to keep up for optimal compatibility and performance.

#### 4. Innovation and Competitiveness:

- Processor development drives competitiveness among companies, pushing for more innovation and
quality.

#### 5. Meeting Future Expectations:

- With trends towards artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and virtual reality, the future demands
powerful processors to handle these applications.

The evolution of computer processors has been instrumental in shaping the modern computing landscape,
from personal devices to enterprise solutions. The continuous development and innovation in processors
have enabled advancements in various fields, making computing more efficient, powerful, and accessible.

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