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The Genera l Prolog ue
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:\-1odern English
Wh en Apn·1 with his showers. sweet with fni°t
1 Toe droghte of March ha!h per:ced ~o the roote,
of March has pierce d un.to the root
Th e d rought . . th
And bathed each vein wi~h hquor at ..has power
To ~erale therein an<l sire l.he ilowet'
Wb!n Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath,
Qme . k d again in every bolt and heath,
ene , d
The tender shoots and buds, an the young sun
J.nto the Ram one half his course has run,
And many little birds make melody
That sleep through aJl the night with open eye
(So Nature pricks them on to_ r~p and rage)-
Then do folk long to go on pJlgnmage,
And palmers to go seeking out_ strange strands,
To distant shrines well known m sundry lands.
And specially from every shire's end
Of England they to Canterbury wend,
The holy blessed martyr there to seek
Who helped them when they lay so ill and weak.
Befell that, in that season, on a day
In Southwark, at the Tabard, as. I lay
Ready to start upon my pilgrimage
To Cttnterbury, full of devout homtlge,
There came at nightfall to that hostelry
Some nine and twenty in a company
Of sundry persons who had chanced to fall
In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all
That toward Canterbu ry town would ride.
The rooms and stables spacious were and wide,
And well we there were eased, and of the best.
And briefly, when the sun had gone to rest,
So had I spoken with them, every one,
That I was of their fellowship anon,
And made agreement that we'd early rise
To take the road, as you I will apprise.
But none the less, whilst I have time and space,
Before yet farther in this tale I pace,
It seems to me accordant with reason
To infoITD you oft.he state of every one
Of all of these, as it appeared to me,
And w'ho they were, and what was their degree,
And even how arrayed there at the iun;
And with a knigJ1t thus will I first begin.
A knight there was, and he a wo11hy man,
Who, from the moment that he first began
To ride about the world, loved chivahy,
Truth, honour, frtedo111 and all cowiesy.
Full worthy was he in his liege-lord's war,
A.nd therein had he ridden (none more far)
As well in Christendom as heathenesse
' And therto hadde he riden, no man ferre,
t l\1iddlc English r· t.
l l 1
Whan that Aprill with bis shoures soote
And bathed every veyne in sw1ch hcour
Of whi~h verlu engtm<lred is the fiuur,
Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
5
Inspired hath in every bolt and heeth
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram bis halve cours yronne,
And smale foweles maken melodye,
10 That slepen al the nyght with open ye
( so priketh hem Nature in bir cor~ge~),
Thanne longen folk to goon on p1lgnmages,
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,
To ferne balwes, kowthe in sondry londes;
15 And specially from every shires ende
Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,
The hooly blisful martir for to seke,
That hem hath holpen whan that they were
seeke.
20 Bifil that in that seson on a day,
In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay
Redy to wenden on 1ny pilgryma ge
To Caunterbury with ful devout corage,
At nyght was come into that hostelrye
25 Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye,
Of sondry folk, by aventure yfaUe
In felaweshi pe, and pilgrimes were they a\le,
That toward Caunterb ury wolden ryde.
The chambres and the stables weren W)'de.,
30 And wel we weren esed atte beste.
And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste,
So hadde I spoken with hem evericho n
That I was of hir felaweshipe anon,
And made forward erly for to ryse,
To take oure wey ther as I yow devyse.
35
But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space,
Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
Me lhynkelh it acotdaun1. 1.o resoun
To telle yow al the condicioun
40 Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,
And whiche they weren, and of what degree,
And eek in what array that they were inne~
And at a knyght than wol I first bigynne.
A knyght ther was, and that a worthy man,
45 That fro the tyme that he first bigan
To riden out, he loved chivalrie,
Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie.
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And honoured everywhere for worthiness.
At Alexandria, be, when it was won;
Full oft the table's roster he'd begun
Above all nations' knights in Prussia.
In Latvia raided he, and Russia,
No christened 1nan so oft of his degree.
In far Granada at the siege was he
Of Algeciras, and in Behnarie.
At Ayas was he and at Satalye
When they were won; and on the Middle Sea
At many a noble meeting chanced to be.
Of mortal battles he had fought fifteen,
And he'd fought for our faith at Tramissene
Three times in lists, and each time slain his foe.
This self-same worthy knight had been also
At one time with the lord of Palatye
Against another heathen in Turkey:
And always won he sovereign fame for prize.
Though so illustrious, he was very wise
And bore himself as meekly as a maid.
He never yet had any vileness said,
In all his life, to whatsoever wight.
He was a truly perfect, gentle knight.
But now, to tell you all of his array,
His steeds were good, but yet he was not gay.
Of simple fustian wore he a jupon
Sadly discoloured by his habergeon;
For he had lately come from his voyage
And now was going on this pilgrimage.
"'-.. - -
With him there was his son, a youthful squire,
A lover and a lusty bachelor,
With locks well curled, as if they'd laid in press.
Some twenty years of age he was, I guess.
In stature he was of an average length,
Wondrously active, aye, and great of strength.
He'd ridden sometime with the cavalry
In Flanders, in Artois, and Picardy,
And borne him well within that little space
In hope to win thereby his lady's grace.
Prinked out he was, as if he were a mead,
All full of fresh-cut flowers white and red.
Singing he was, or fluting, all the day;
He was as fresh as is the month of May.
Short was his gown, with sleeves long and wide.
Well could be sit on horse, and fairly ride.
He could make songs and words thereto indite,
Joust, and dance too, as well as sketch and write.
So hot he loved that, while night told her tale,
He slept no more than does a nightingale.
Courteous he, and humble, willing and able,
And carved before his father at the table.
A yeoman had he, nor more servants, no,
At that time, for he chose to travel so;
And be was clad in coat and hood of green.
A sheaf of peacock arrows bright and keen
Under his belt he bore right carefully
(Well could he keep his tackle yeomanly:
His arrows had no draggled feathers low),
And in his hand he bore a mighty bow.
50 As wel in cristcndom as in hethenesse,
And evere honoured for his worthynesse.
At Alisaundre he was whan it was wonne.
Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne
Aboven alle nacions in Pruce;
55 In Lettow hadde he reysed and in Ruce,
No cristen man so ofte of his degree.
In Gemade at the seege eek badde he be
Of Algezir, and riden in Belmarye.
At Lyeys was he and at Satalye,
60 Whan they were wonne; and in the Grete See
At many a noble armee hadde he be.
At mortal batailles hadde he been fiftene,
And foughten for oure feith at Tramyssene
In lystes thries, and ay slayn his foo.
65 This ilke worthy knyght hadde been also
Somtyme with the lord of Palatye
Agayn another hethen in Turkye.
And everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys;
And though that he were worthy, he was wys,
70 And of his port as meeke as is a mayde.
He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde
In al his lyf unto no maner wight.
He was a verray, parfit gentil knyght
But, for to tellen yow of his array,
75 His hors were goode, but he was nat gay.
Of fustian he wered a gypon
Al bismotered with his habergeon,
For he was late ycome from bis viage,
And wente for to doon his pilgrymage.
80 With hym ther was his sone, a yong squier,
A lovyere and a lusty bacheler,
With lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse.
Of twenty yeer of age he was, I gesse.
Of his stature he was of evene lengthe, '
85 And wonderly delyvere, and of greet strengthe.
And he hadde been somtyme in chyvachie
In Flaundres, in Artoys, and Pycardie,
And born hym weel, as of so litel space,
In hope to stonden in his lady grace.
90 Embrouded was he, as it were a meede
Al ful of fresshe floures, whyte and reede.
Syngynge he was, or floytynge, al the day;
He was as fressh as is the month of May.
Short was his gowne, with sleves longe and
95 wyde.
Wei koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde.
He koude songes make and wel endite,
Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and
write.
100 So hoote he lovede that by nyghtertale.
He sleep namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale.
Curteis he was, lowely, and servysable,
And carfbifom his fader at the table.
Ayeman hadde he and servantz namo
105 At that tyme, for hym liste ride so,
And he was clad in cote and hood of grene.
A sheef of pecok arwes, bright and kene,
Under his belt he bar ful thriftily,
 A cropped bead had he and a sun-browned face.
Of woodcraft knew be all the useful ways.
Upon his ann he bore a bracer gay,
And at one side a sword and buckler, yea,
And at the other side a dagger brigh~
Weil sheathed and sharp as spear point in the
light; 115
On breast a Christopher of silver sheen.
He bore a horn in baldric all of green;
A forester he truly was, I guess.
Go to:
(wel koude be dresse his takel yemanly:
110 His arwes drouped nogbt wilh fethcres lowc)
And in his hand he baar a myght y bowe.
A not heed hadde he, with a broun visage.
Of wodecraft wel koude he al the usage.
Upon his arm he baar a gay bracer,
And by his syde a swerd and a bokele r,
And on that ootber syde a gay dagge re
Hamei sed wel and sharp as point of spere;
A Cristopher on bis brest of silver sheene.
An horn be bar, the bawdryk was of grene;
A forster was he, soothly, as I gesse.
v
 The General Prologue (lines 1IX-207)
There was also a nun, a prioress,
Who, in her smiling, modest was and coy;
Her greatest oath was but "By Saint Eloy!"
And she wag known as Madam Eglantine.
Full well she sang the services divine,
Intoning through her nose, becomingly;
And fair she spoke her French, and fluently,
After the school of Stratford-at-the-Bow,
For French of Paris was not hers to know.
At table she had been well taught withal,
And never from her lips let morsels fall,
Nor dipped her .fingers deep in sauce, but ate
With so much care the food upon her plate
That never driblet fell upon her breast.
In courtesy she had delight and zest.
Her upper lip was always wiped so clean
That in her cup was no iota seen
Of grease, when she had drunk her draught of
wme.
Becomingly she reached for meat to dine.
And certainly delighting in good sport,
She was right pleasant, amiable- in short.
She was at pains to counterfeit the look
Of courtliness, and stately manners took,
And would be held worthy of reverence.
But, to say something of her moral sense,
She was so charitable and piteous
That she would weep if she but saw a mouse
Caught in a trap, though it were dead or bled.
She had som·e little dogs, too, that she fed
On roasted flesh, or milk and fine white bread.
But sore she'd weep if one of them were dead,
Or if men smote it with a rod to smart:
For pity ruled her, and her tender heart.
Right decorous her pleated wimple was;
Her nose was fine; her eyes were blue as glass;
Her mouth was small and therewith soft and red;
But certainly she had a fair forehead;
It was almost a full span broad, I own,
For, truth to tell, she was not undergrown.
Neat was her cloak, as I was well aware.
Of coral small about her arm she'd bear
A string of beads and gauded all with green;
And therefrom hung a brooch of golden sheen
Whereon there was first written a crowned "A,"
And under, Amor Vinci! Omnia.
Another little nun with her had she,
Who was her chaplain ; and of priests she'd three.
A monk there was, one made for mastery,
An outrider, who loved his venery;
A manly man, to be an abbot able.
Full many a blooded horse had he in stable:
And when he rode men might his bridle hear
A-jingling iri the whistlin g wind as clear,
Aye, and as loud as does the chapel bell
Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,
That of hir smylyng was ful symple and coy;
120 Hire gretteste ooth was but by Seinte Loy;
And she was cleped Madame Eglentyne.
Ful weel she soong the service dyvyne,
Entuned in hir nose ful semely,
And frenssh she spak ful faire and fetisly,
125 After the scole of Stratford atte Bowe,
For Frenssh of Parys was to hire unknowe.
At mete wel ytaught was she with alle:
She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,
Ne wette hir fyngres in hir sauce depe;
130 Wei koude she carie a morsel and we\ kepe
That no drope ne fille upon hire brest.
In curteisie was set ful muchel hir lest.
Hir over-lippe wyped she so clene
That in hir coppe ther was no ferthyng sene
135 Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte.
Ful semely after hir mete she raughte.
And sikerly she was of greet desport,
And ful plesaunt, and amyable of port,
And peyned hire to countrefete cheere
Of court, and to been estatlich of manere,
140
And to ben holden digne of reverence.
But, for to speken of hire conscience,
She was so charitable and'so pitous
She wolde wepe, if that she saugh a mous
Kaught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.
145
Of smale houndes had de she that she f edde
With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel-b reed.
But soore wepte she if oon of hem were deed,
Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte;
150 And al was conscien ce and tendre herte.
Ful semyly hir wympul pynched was,
Hir nose tretys, hir eyen greye as glas,
Hir mouth ful smal, and therto softe and reed;
But sikerly she hadde a fair forheed;
155 It wa:s almoost a spanne brood, I trowe;
For, hardily, she was nat undergr owe.
Ful fetys was hir cloke, as I was war.
Of smar coral aboute hire arm she bar
A peire of bedes, gauded al with grene,
160 And theron heng a brooch of gold ful sheene,
On which tlier was first write a crowned A
'
And after Amor Vincit Omnia.
Another nonne with hire hadde she
'
That was hir chapele yne, and preestes thre.
165 A monk. ther was, a fair for the maistrie ,
An outnder e, that lovede venerie
'
A manly man, to been an abbot able.
Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable
And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel 'heere
170 Gynglen in a whistly nge wynd als cleere
And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle.
Ther as this lord was kepere of the celle,