Problems on cycles 1. In an Otto cycle air at 17 °C and 1 bar is compressed adiabatically until the pressure is 15 bar. Heat is added at constant volume until the pressure rises to 40 bar. Calculate the air- standard efficiency, the compression ratio and the mean effective pressure for the cycle. ‘Assume Cv = 0.717 ki/kg K and R = 8.314 ki/kmol K. Ans. [53.9%, 6.91, 5.7 bar] 2. A gas engine working on the Otto cycle has a cylinder of diameter 200 mm and stroke 250 mm. The clearance volume is 1570 cc. Find the air-standard efficiency. Assume Cp = 1.004 lu/kg K and Cv = 0.717 ki/kg K for air, [51.2%] 3. Ina S.l. engine working on the ideal Otto cycle, the compression ratio is 5.5. The pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression are 1 bar and 27 °C respectively. The peak pressure is 30 bar. Determine the pressure and temperatures at the salient points, the air- standard efficiency and the mean effective pressure. Assume ratio of specific heats to be 1.4 for air. [1088 kPa, 320.4C. 1363C, 276kPa, 554.1C, 49.43%, 5.24 bar] 4. A gas engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 6:1. The pressure and temperature at the commencement of compression are 1 bar and 27 °C. Heat added during the constant volume combustion process is 1170 ki/kg. Determine the peak pressure and temperature, work output per kg of air and air-standard efficiency. Assume Cv =0.717 ki/kg K and y = 1.4 for air. [1973.8C, 44.82 bar, 598.9 kl, 51.16%] 5. A Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut-off takes place at 5% of the stroke, Find the air-standard efficiency. Assume y = 1.4. [64.9%] 6. In an engine working on Diesel cycle inlet pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 17 *C respectively. Pressure at the end of adiabatic compression is 35 bar. The ratio of expansion i.e, after constant pressure heat addition is 5. Calculate the heat addition, heat rejection and the efficiency of the cycle. Assume y = 1.4, Cp = 1.004 ki/kg K and Cv = 0.717 ki/kg K. [1235.5 kJ/kg, 557.5 kJ/kg, 54.9%]. 7. A Diesel cycle operates at a pressure of 1 bar at the beginning of compression and the volume is compressed to 1 16 of the initial volume. Heat is supplied until the volume is twice that of the clearance volume. Calculate the mean effective pressure of the cycle. Take y= 1.4. [6.94 bar] 8. A diesel engine operating on the air-standard Diesel cycle has six cylinders of 100 mm bore and 120 mm stroke. The engine speed is 1800 rpm. At the beginning of compression, the pressure and temperature of air are 1.03 bar and 35 «C. If the clearance volume is 1/8th of the stroke volume, calculate (i) the pressure and temperature at the salient points of the cycle the compression ratio (ii) the efficiency of the cycle and (iv) the power output if the air is heated to 1500 °C Assume Cp and Cv of air to be 1.004 and 0.717 ki/kg K respectively. [22.32 bar, 468.6C, 22.32 bar, 1500C, 769.9 C, 3.49 bar, 49.12%, 56.45 kW]