Title: The Challenges of Crafting a Master Dissertation Proposal PDF

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This thesis focuses on FPGAs as a high-performance compute platform, and exploresusing FPGAs to
accelerate database systems. It investigates the current challenges thathave held FPGAs back in the
database field as well as the opportunities resulting fromrecent technology developments. Carrera
(2009) argues that in the end of the 90s there was a belief that web sites would be. The shared
utilities are a set of components that not all re-quests need to touch, but can provide addition
functionality such as memory allocation,catalog management, and replication services, etc. These
search engines have an interesting way of searching for web pages, generally within. A Parquet page
consists of four distinct, variable-lengthblocks of data. Formatting abstract page 1.5.3 Consult the
sample abstract pages for proper formatting, including placement of the title, author, and other
information at the head of the abstract. Then it writes the new tuple to the hash entry along with the
updated head pointer.Meanwhile, the old data read from the hash entry is copied to the empty
location in the LLT. In the rest of thispaper,we refer to equi-joins as joins. In the first pass,the data is
partitioned into small partitions that fit in HBM,and write the partitions back to the host memory.
First, such a framework can gen-erate the memory interface for the designers with optimizedmemory
controllers. A drawback of this architecture is thatit requires extra copies (from the host memory to
the devicememory and the other way around) which leads to longerprocessing latencies. The
proposed accelerator stores the hash table in HBM and utilizes a pre-partitionmethod to steer the
traffic to the appropriate memory channel to reduce the contention. Carrera (2009) argues that if
consumers are studied in the same way as before, it is a fatal. Finally, emerging FPGA tool chains
including HLS,new programming frameworks, and SQL-to-FPGA compil-ers, provide developers
with better ease of use. However,the partition can be implemented in a streaming processingway,
which has streaming read and multi-streaming writepatterns. It is possible to request an embargo on a
thesis or dissertation restricting its availability by following the procedures described below. Form of
advertising on online that focuses on and is given. Readability 1.11.2 Take care that each figure,
table, etc. Kaur, Inderjit, 2008, Online social networking as and advertising medium: footwear sales.
In the rest of thepaper, the no-partitioning hash join uses prefetch distance of 10 in the Intel machine
and 6 in the POWER machineunless otherwise specified. These tuples are sent to the hash function
components to calculate the hash value usingthe same hash function. As we want to study the
comparison betweenno-partitioning hash join and partitioning hash join, to makethem competitive,
we assume that neither of the two rela-tions can fit in the last level cache (LLC). In this case, the
overhead of the data transmission dom-inates, and the overall performance is limited by the
interfacebandwidth. Zacharopoulos, G., Barbon, A., Ansaloni, G., Pozzi, L.: Machinelearning
approach for loop unrolling factor prediction in highlevel synthesis. List all the materials instruments,
facilities, and financial support that will carry out you research. Another benefit comes from the
support ofAPIs that can manage the accelerators. Another added advantage of using this template is
that it is available in many file formats like Excel, Word, PSD, PDF, etc. Using of copyrighted
material without permission delays circulation of the work and could bring about legal action by the
copyright holder. The algorithm that originates the order of the web sites. Summer Internship Report
on Developing business promotional strategies and ma.
Yuhua Tang, Prof. Weixia Xu, Prof. Yutong Lu, Prof. QiongLi, Dr. Zhenlong Song, and Dr.
Dengping Wei, thank you for your help and supportduring my Bachelor and Master studies. The
costof each phase should be the sum of the time the system wascomputing and the time it was
accessing memory, minus thetime it was doing both. It is acceptable to use more than one page for a
specific figure, table, etc. A pre-partitioning methodis used to steer the HBM access requests to the
corresponding HBM channels to avoid the traffic contentions acrossdifferent HBM channels, and
thus can efficiently utilize the bandwidth. The requested datacannot be loaded until the translation
entry is updated.More misses are likely if more pages are accessed. A challenge to designing efficient
decompression inFPGAs is to handle the variety of string length in the dictio-nary.When adopting
fixed-width dictionaries, while setting alarge width for the string wastes a lot of memory space,
usinga small string width suffers from throughput decrease sincemultiple small entries must be
inspected to find the match.Thus, a good design for these decompression algorithmsdemands
explicit dictionary mechanisms that can efficiently 123 2 26 CHAPTER 2 Page 44. Key
databaseoperations including joins, sorts, groupbys, and aggregationsare accelerated with the FPGA.
This limits the appli-cability of FPGAs in the data center. For data sets that are too large to store the
hash table in theFPGA’s internal memory, in-memory hash joins are needed.As the BRAMs can only
store part of the hash table, probingtuples demands loading the hash tablemultiple times from
themain memory. The usage of a social network site as a means of spreading the questionnaires is
highly related. If you can still remember how we met the VLDB Journaldeadline, it perfectly
illustrates this. We believe that these technol-ogy trends can help system designers to design new
databasesystem architectures, and help software developers to startusing FPGAs. 5.1 Database
system trends Databases traditionally were located on HDDs, but recentlythe data is often held in-
memory or on NVM storage.This allows for two orders of magnitude more bandwidthbetween the
CPU and stored database compared to thetraditional solution. Related work extends the analysis of
hash joins presented inthis thesis to multi-way hash joins and draws similar conclusions. It also
incorporates enough literature on varied psychology topics to support your thesis and make it look
highly professional. Breitenbach and Van Doren (1998) identified five different types of internet
users, which are. You revised the paper on theflight, and sent me a version whenever you touched the
ground, and even talked to methrough Skype. Thus, the memory accesses inthe build phase contain a
sequential read of relation R, andfor each tuple in R, it reads and writes the correspondinghash table
buckets with granularity effect. For more reference, check out our collections of proposal templates
and quotation proposal samples on this page. Selecting decompression and hash join as examples, we
design andimplement accelerators for both operations, and perform an in-depth performanceanalysis.
Thisprocedure is repeated (all within a single FPGA cycle) until allthe tokens in this slice are found.
Business management dissertation sample for mba students by dissertation-serv. Consult the sample
approval page for proper formatting, which can be found linked from the Guide for Writers of
Theses and Dissertations web page at Be certain to include a copy of this readers’ approval page
without signatures in the thesis or dissertation submitted electronically. See 1.1.6 in this guide for
placement of the approval page. The TLB cachesvirtual memory page address to physical page
address trans-lations. As a result, the proposed method should efficientlyutilize the HBM bandwidth
6.2. FUTURE WORKIn this section, we discuss the future work. Because the EM algorithm is
related to MLE we cannot use it with the method of moments. However, to efficientlyutilize such
huge bandwidth post two main challenges. We also found that both moments method had a lot more
variability in the number of iterations to convergence than the EM method had. In the case of right
censoring all the observed data will be less than this value c and in the case of left censoring all the
observed data will be greater than c. Thus, for some specialfunctions or operators that have not been
implemented inthe FPGA or where FPGAs do not provide adequate perfor-mance gain, the query
compiler should drive the query planback to the pure CPU execution model. On theone hand,
different functions can be implemented in differentFPGAs to enable awider functionality andmore
complicatedworkloads.
Even though the HBM memory controller can handle this dependency, the communication needs
tofollow the AXI rules between the user logic and the AXI interface on the HBM memory controller
side, which meansthe user needs to take care the request order acknowledged by the AXI interface.
Such operations are time-consuming but not well studied yet inthe context of FPGAs. In the build
phase, each share inthe smaller relation R is scanned by a thread. The work in this thesis aims to
identify a number of these ap-plications and to show the advantage of FPGAs to accelerate their
computation. We also discuss the poten-tial improvement for operator acceleration, which might
beinteresting for hardware designers. Master’sThesis, Delft University of Technology (2018) 146.
Zhang, C., Chen, R., Prasanna, V.: High throughput large scalesorting on a CPU-FPGA
heterogeneous platform. This raises great concerns about the wide applicability of these methods
when we don’t have a reasonably good idea of what the parameter values should be. 36 Page 42.
One such decompressor can easily keep pace with a non-volatilememory express (NVMe) device
(PCIe Gen3 x4) on a small FPGA. See Chapter 5 for more details. 1.4. RESEARCH METHODSTo
address the research questions discussed above, we use the following researchmethod. In this section
we shall again try to draw a similarity with the EM algorithm. However, several authors point out
that many times consumers do not notice the difference. Professional networking online A qualitative
study of LinkedIn use in Norway. The vast majority of the respondents of the survey use the internet
for 1 to 6 hours per day. However, this may still suffer alarge number of cache misses, which leads to
longer latency and bad throughput perfor-mance. Page 23. The Effect of Social Media Marketing To
Brand Loyalty (Case Study at the Univ. I’d still like to apologize to you that the year of 2018 was
the only year that xi Page 13. Separatingthe paths ensures these tokens will not be stalled by thecopy
tokens. Spence, P. (2010). Website Marketing with Social Networking Get Web Traffic with.
November 2007.Face book Ads is a common targeting advertising formation based on non-. It also
incorporates enough literature on varied psychology topics to support your thesis and make it look
highly professional. Thanks for your company, encouragement,support, patience, and everything you
did for me. Except for the 4B tuple case, which has a4B key and no value, we assume an 8B key.
The template also assists in identifying the direction for your dissertation so that you can answer all
the questions posted by examiner with great ease. Another feature brought to FPGAs by the
newinterfaces is shared memory. Instead, the dictionaryis reconstructed during decompression. Since
the token length varies and might belarger than one byte, if the token requires extra bytes
(lengthindicated by extra len in Line 5) to store the information,it needs to read and parse these bytes
to extract and updatethe token information. Firstly lets consider the moment generating function for
the gamma distribution. Social networks advertising is a widely discussed issue today and a lots of
researches have been. The overview presented in Chapter 2 concludes that per-formance of
operations such as sort can be improved by adopting FPGAs. The support of OpenMP in HLS pro-
vides the potential of compiling parallel programs into FPGAaccelerators that support shared
memory.
Thus, such interface gener-ation frameworks can generate the interface automaticallyand designers
can focus on the design and the implementa-tion of kernels themselves. During the 36-40 week long
gestation period of. Foti et al.3 reported no change in. These findings are relatively consistent with
existing research by Tom Chapman (2008), who. Professional networking online A qualitative study
of LinkedIn use in Norway. Individual schools or colleges may require additional review of embargo
request letters. The various pages enlisted in the template helps you to explain some quick questions
about your research including what you intend to examine, how you’ve collected and analyzed your
data, and what appears as a final conclusion. During the first partitioning phase (phase 2), all tuples
inboth relations are scanned and assigned to the correspond-ing partition, and then the partitions are
written back to thememory. Thus, a futurehardware compilermight take the sharedmemory feature
intoaccount. Then we may repeat the process with the updated parameter estimates to get even better
parameter estimates. Various examples of multi-pass database queries havebeen studied in this paper.
Most of this work showsthat FPGA implementations of the kernels are efficient to thepoint where
performance is limited by the bandwidth fromhost memory to the FPGAs. Any of these elements
used in the title must include an English equivalent. Kaur, Inderjit, 2008, Online social networking as
and advertising medium: footwear sales. There are many types of proposals, such as a budget
proposal and event proposal. We have looked at 10%, 50% and 80% levels of censoring to represent
low, medium and high amounts of censoring. If no match is found, the next pointer, as well as the
original data, will be sent to the LLT probe unit, generating a newread request and preparing for the
validation on the next tuple in the linked list. The drawback of sup-porting shared memory and
coherency by hardware is thatit requires extra hardware resources and can introduce addi-tional
latency. Since these templates are available with ease, you are able to make the most of these and
make your job proposal creating a memorable encounter. For example, using a 32-to-1 merge tree to
sort256GB data in an FPGA equippedwith 8GBHBMdemandstwo passes, including one pass to
generate 8 GB sortedstreams and one pass to merge these 8 GB streams into thefinal sorted stream.
We then propose an iterative method based upon this rearrangement. Letters of permission may or
may not be included as part of the manuscript, but you must submit them along with the final draft
of your work so that the library can see that you are allowed to reproduce the material in question. As
we wantto eliminate the NUMA effect, we only use one node in both 5 4 60 CHAPTER 4 Page 78.
These levels are not encoded in the caseof non-nested or non-nullable data. The next level BMU
com-pares the first two elements from both streams and outputstwo elements per cycle. In the second
chapter we will introduce maximum likelihood, the moments method, EM algorithm and define what
we mean by censoring. DataSo urce:FPGAthedataisgeneratedby FPGAsor stored inFP GAmem
ory,off ?ch ipthedataisstored intheoff-chip mem oryin theacceleratorside,h ostthedataisstored
inthehost mem oryside 6.1 Decompression Decompression is widely used in database applications
tosave storage and reduce the bandwidth requirement. Consumer perception of agricultural
machineries which produced by kamco ltd. Thus, it is important to study how to improve the
performanceof executing the database operations. However, what motivates users to forward
marketing emails is another key point in this. Table 5: Search result elements in order of respondents’
preference.
That is we set the theoretical moment with the observed data moment. Each bit from the 8bits flags
indicateswhether the corresponding byte is valid. Therefore, I wouldlike to take this opportunity to
show my great gratitude to all of those who helped me,supported me, and encouraged me. If the
cache is not large enough tocontain the whole hash table, cache misses occur, decreasingthe
performance of the hash join. Table 11: Interaction with official blogs of companies. The RLE
decompres-sor reads a fixed size token, translates it into a variable-lengthbyte sequence, and attaches
this sequence to the decom-pressed data buffer built from the previous tokens. Due to the variety of
token sizes, the startingbyte of a token needs to be calculated from the previoustoken. In the second
stage, basedon the assumption, each row in the ABM is updated in parallel.For row i, if the size of the
token starts with the assumptionbyte is L, the following L ? 1 bits are set to be 0. Hence, the first
two and most obvious elements of search results. Networks - Boyd and Ellison (2007) define them as
“web-based services that allow. For the Intel machine, the perfor-mance remains stable when the
prefetch distance reaches4, and after 10, the performance nearly doesn’t increase anymore.
Consequently, it can handle much larger data sets(e.g. several TB), within one pass partitioning. On
theone hand, different functions can be implemented in differentFPGAs to enable awider
functionality andmore complicatedworkloads. It is not possible to know of what population the
sample is. Arrange the bibliography alphabetically by the last name of the primary author. For
example, a merge tree that can merge mul-tiple streams into a sorted stream might require
prefetchingand bufferring of data to hide the long latency. Blogs can bring several advantages to
businesses: it is simple and. Now we can easily compute the population moments for the gamma
distribution. Crockett, L.H., Elliot, R.A., Enderwitz, M.A., Stewart, R.W.:
TheZynqBook:EmbeddedProcessingwith theArmCortex-A9on theXilinx Zynq-7000 All
Programmable Soc. We use Pi to indicate the processingrate of each phase. We use these to calculate
our maximum likelihood estimates ? and. RachelPearson36 Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI
in Testing - A Real-World Look, present. When we corrected the master theses for Kangli, Xianwei,
and Qiaoduring the Christmas holiday 2017, it even took up your New year holiday. We have looked
at 10%, 50% and 80% levels of censoring to represent low, medium and high amounts of censoring.
The proposed accelerator stores the hash table in HBM and utilizes a pre-partition method to steer
the traffic to the appropriate memory channel to reduce thecontention between the requests across
different HBM channels, and thus improve theHBM bandwidth efficiency. We can see that the no-
partitioning hash join benefits 6 CHAPTER 4 4 61 Page 79. Consequently, it is possible to store
larger hash tables in the FPGAside (hundred million tuples), meaning that larger size problems can be
handle within the FPGA. The basic idea is to read the sample research proposal, sample thesis or a
sample dissertation, and define the way you should state your thoughts and ideas. Summer
Internship Report on Developing business promotional strategies and ma. One such decompressor
can easily keep pace with a non-volatilememory express (NVMe) device (PCIe Gen3 x4) on a small
FPGA.
Literal tokens and copy tokens output fromthe token generator are assigned to different paths for
furtherrefining in the BRAM command generator. They are the decompression and thehash join,
whose performance significantly impacts the performance of the databasesystem. Tuples with hash
collisions will be assigned to the next group until the hash table overflows. In Chapter 2, we give a
comprehensive survey on using FPGAs to accelerate databasesystems, emphasizing the possibilities
of new interface and memory-related technolo-gies. The remainder of this paper is organized as
follows:In Sect. 2, we provide FPGA background information andpresent the advantages of using
FPGAs. For some operators, more engines or morepowerful engines are required which might
consume the limited resources in anFPGA. If no match is found, the next pointer, as well as the
original data, will be sent to the LLT probe unit, generating a newread request and preparing for the
validation on the next tuple in the linked list. The proposal must be approved by a supervisor before
a learner can register for their research project. Thus, it is worth comparing the per-formance of
different operations running against different architectures. We first analyze the software algorithm
and identify its limita-tions in terms of parallelization. Toachieve a high frequency for the
implementation, we propose CHAPTER 3 3 47 Page 65. Ease ofprogramming is improving through
support of shared coherent virtual memory between the host and the accelerator, supportfor higher-
level languages, and domain-specific tools to generate FPGA designs automatically. In this architec-
ture, the compressed data is stored on the disks, and would betransferred to the FPGA, either
directly through the interfaceslike SCSI, SATA, Fibrechannel, or NVMe or indirectly, fornetwork-
attached storage or protocols likeNVMeover Infini-band or Ethernet. We first introduce
thebackground and review the previous FPGA-based database system architectures. Itis unclear
whether FPGAs can help computation-intensive database operations saturatesuch a large bandwidth.
The number of passes can be reducedby a wider merger that merges more streams into one
largerstream. Web 2.0 consumers retain satisfaction in the usage of virtual communities by achieving.
Then when you select Header and Footer work tab look in the toolbar for the Header and Footer
margin settings. This consumer-to-consumer perspective has gained tremendous power among the
business. Not every proposal you make is accepted by the client, so make sure that you make it from
the point of view that is beneficial to the client. The slope of each of the fitted lines is important
here.Clearly, both network and storage bandwidths are increasingat a much faster rate (steeper slope)
than DRAM and PCIe.The network and storage slopes are similar and double every18 months. A
formal proposal is a document that attempts to solve a particular problem or issue. As the linked list
is updatedfrom the head, this pointer can be decided when the next empty location is allocated,
which is managed by the LLTaddress counter. It is important because it provides information in
writing and you can act knowing the implications of your choices and decisions. Due to the area
limitation and the higher cost of stackedDRAMs, HBM integrated with the FPGA can not match
thecapacity of conventional DRAM. Balkesen, C., Alonso, G., Teubner, J., Ozsu, M.T.: Multi-
core,main-memory joins: sort vs. As for prestige, it was found that 36% consider that the companies
listed at the top of the. Because of the prevalence of delta encodingin Parquet (for integers and string
lengths) a delta decoderas seen in fig. 2 is proposed. In delta decoding the valuesare encoded as
variable-width bit-packed deltas with respectto the previous value. Scholarship, Journal of Computer-
Mediated Communication, Vol 13(1). For-tunately, the technology trends in Sect. 5 show that some
ofthese barriers are being addressed, and thus it is worth it tohave another look ar FPGAs for in-
memory database accel-eration. 5 Technology trends In recent years, various new technologies have
changed thelandscape of system architecture.
This isbecause after increasing the number of BCPs, the bottleneckmoves to the stage of parsing the
input line into tokens.Generally, a 16B-input line contains 3-7 tokens depending onthe compressed
file, while the maximum number of tokens is8, thus explaining the limited benefits of adding more
BCPs.One way to achieve higher performance is to increase both theinput-line size and the number
of BCPs. Different from traditional WOM, eWOM is measurable, controllable and more strategic
(Park. Not only are you my promotor, but you are also my English teacher, myvocational trainer, my
psychotherapist, and most importantly, my friend. Primarily web was used as a marketing tool that
promotes the business but soon it converts into a. Buffer challenge Reducing the number of memory
accesspasses is a key point to improve the sort throughput. It contains ideas that would be beneficial
to an organization. We can see the relative simplicity of the moment estimators compared to the max-
imum likelihood estimators. Please try to limit the vita to three of four pages. 1.10 Multiple volume
works With electronic submission of theses and dissertations, there is no longer any requirement for
splitting lengthy manuscripts into two or more volumes. 1.11 Charts, graphs, and tables Visibility
1.11.1 Please consider visibility when creating illustrations. This difficulty originated a higher level of
demand, followed up by unusual imagination levels. We compare our designwith the software
implementation running on one POWER9CPU core (remember that parallelizing Snappy
decompressionis difficult due to unknown block boundaries). Fig. 6 shows the end-to-end
throughput performance ofthe proposed architecture configured with 6 BCPs. The goodnews is that
these challenges are being addressedas can be seen through the technology trends and even thelatest
technologies. The templates are ready to use and you can easily use the mentioned examples,
possible solutions, ideas and instances to prove your concluding statement. Thank you, Jianbin Fang,
Siqi Shen, Yong Guo, Jie Shen, Changlin Chen, Yao Wang,Chang Wang, Ke Tao; thanks for guiding
me and helping me, especially the first monthI was in Delft. Thebandwidth of PCIe was added to act
as a proxy for intercon-nect bandwidth. Thank you to my family for putting up with me and
supporting me through my studies. Consequently, hashjoins on large data sets equivalently demand
two passesof host memory accesses for the original tables and thehash table, and one pass writing
the results back. We also summarize the state-of-the-art research onFPGA-accelerated database
operations. The build-probe time, on the otherhand, declines rapidly at the beginning when radix bit
in-creases beyond 6. Figure 1: Hash Table Organization 3.2 the build engine Fig. 2 demonstrates the
components and architecture of the build engine. All you need to do is to download this template, fill
in the required details, and get the pages printed for final submissions. You told me that you know
many professors support their students like this, but Iwant to tell you that, you are the only one I
know and I hope one day I will also be sucha professor. After that, theoptimizer takes this internal
representation as input, and generates an efficient queryplan that contains a collection of operations
for executing the query. The content of this chapter is based on the following papers:J. Fang, J.
Chen, J. Lee, Z. Al-Ars, H.P. Hofstee, Refine and Recycle: A Method to Increase 41 Page 59.
Accessed 03 June 2018 96. Ouyang, J., Qi, W., Yong, W., Tu, Y., Wang, J., Jia, B.: SDA:software-
defined accelerator for general-purpose distributed bigdata analysis system. Thus, the FIFOs might
receive unbalanced workloads. A report by Microsoft (2007) goes even further, stating that web 2.0 is
transforming the. Relevant academic journals (such as the Journal of Marketing, Journal. In all cases
we found that the MSE approached the variance of the estimate as the sample size n increased.
Thisbandwidth for a single-stream decompressor is sufficient for anNVMe (PCIe x4) device. The use
of acronyms is discouraged, but not prohibited.