JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL-ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD, 2 ce PRE-FINAL _ LEXAMINAT JON (2023-24) MATHEMATICS Maximum Marks: 80 Time allowed: Two and half hours Answer to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes. This time is to be spend in reading the question paper The time given at the head of this paper isthe time allowed for writing the answer -Aitempt all questions from Section-A and any four questions from Section-B All working including rough work, must be clearly shown, and must be done on the same sheet ‘as the rest of the answer, Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks. The intended marks for questions as parts of questions are given in the brackets [_ ] Mathematical tables are provided. SECTION-A (Attempt all questions from this Section) Question 1 Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given optio {15} [SB] = [FR] tren the value of ab is: a+b) (a) ll (b) 31 Se 210 @ 10 (i) The sum of first 25 natural numbers is: (a) 225 (oy 325 © 650 @ 600 (iii) Which of the following points is invariant under reflection in the Y — axis: (@) (8,0) ) (0,6) © (2,8) @ 8) | as Page I of 7(iv) The vertices of w) wi) wii) (viii) wy f° parallelogram in order are A(x,2), (4,3), €(6,6) and (3,5) then xi wy | wo 3 ate ) ; 4 * o 3 \ @ 4 ) In the given figure, the length of PT is: @® — 9em (be) 20em . fe) 6em p ae @ W6em + If the length of the shadow of a tower is V3 times that of its height, then the angle of elevation of the sun is: (a) 30° (e) 45° A) 60° “@ 15° Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event? @ 05 () 5% © } (a -15 ‘Assertion: (A): The value of tan 8 increases as 9 increases. Reason (R): Tan is the product of tan and 6 (a) Aistrue, Ris false (b) Ais false, Ris true (© Both A and R are true (@ Both A and R are false ifthe rate of GST is 18%, then the amount of IGST collected on an article, which costs £27000, assuming that itis an intrastate trading is: @ 22430 % 4860 @ 0 @ 283 Page 2 of 7tf The values of oe for which the quadratic equation 2x2 Kee K = 0 has equal roots is (are): ) 4 © — 8only 0,8 (xi) If x,3,12,y are in continued Proportion then x and y are: SS sah yaa 0) x=4y=9 © x=13y=3 @ x=1y=36 Gli) Itthe lines 2x + 3y = § and Kx — 6y = 7 are parallel, then the value of K is: @ 4 Sy 4 1 © | 1 @ -} (iii) The number of common tangents that are drawn to two circles which touches each other externally are: me ) 4 © 5 @ 2 (xiv) The cone and a cylinder has a same radius and same height. If the volume of cone is 2401 cm3. Then the volume of cylinder is: (a) 80cm? (&) 120nem? (©) 480 mcm? wy 720 cm? (xv) _ If the mode of the data 4, 5, 9, 6, 5, 7, 6, 2k +1 is 5 then the value of K is: way 2 () 1 © 3 @® 5Question 2 @ Which term of the A.P 120, 116, 112.. i) tan Avtane 7 eae it account for 8 months. What will be the Gi) Swetha deposits 2350 per month in a recurring deposit acco ‘maturity value of her deposits if the rate of interest is 8% p.a? is 0? tan Atan B Question 3 ‘gnificant figure. (Solve the quadratic equation x? — 3(x + 3) = 0, give your answer to two significan " Gi)__ In the figure given below AP and BP are tangents to the circle with centre O. Given ZAPB = 65°, caleulate A (a) © as XX , ‘Study the graph and answer each of the following: (@) Total number of students (b) Mode © Modal class (@ Class mark of a modal class 1Given matrix = [5 (a) Write the order of matrix ‘X” (6) Find the matrix ‘X* SECTION-B (Attempt any four questions from this Section) 2 nd B= [f] PAX = B then, (ii) Factorise x? + 3x* ~ 4x — 12 completely. Gil) Given P= (x: —9 S$ 1-2x <3,x€R) Q=(e -1.524+3x<12,x€/). Represent P and Q on the number lines. Write down the elements of PNQ. . Question S GO” Nishitabooght the following ates Form a stor [ Ttem ‘Quantity Rate / item(®) Rate of GST Mobile 1 20000 28% | Watch 2 21500 12% Calculate the: (a) Amount of GST (b) The total amount of the bill (Gi) Calculate the coordinates of the point P which divides the line segment A(-3, 3) and B(2, -7) internally in the ratio 2:3 (iii) Calculate the arithmetic mean, correct to one decimal place for the following distribution of marks in an examination. Marks: 7 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 be of students 3 | 2 10 12 13, 20 Use step ~ deviation method. Question 6 (i) Twenty cards are numbered from I to 20. A card is selected at random. Find the probability that the card selected is a: (@) Prime number. (b) Even multiple of 3 (©) __ Percentage of composite numbers. Ina GST chain a dealer X purchases an article for €10,000 and supplies it to another dealer Y ata. profit of € 1000."The dealer Y sells it to a consumer at the profit of 23000. Ifthe sales are intrastate and the rate of GST is 18%, calculate. (@) The GST paid by the dealer Y to the government. (b) Total bill paid by the consumer, 3) 3) 4) B) GB) a BI Blii) 50 circular plates each of radius 7om and thickness lem are placed one above the other tg Tight circular cylinder, find the TSA and volume Question 7 () Determine the 12" term ofa G.P whose 8" term is 256 and common ratio is 2. 40% using. componendo and dividendo find the value of VERT+ VEST SRST NaS Tae Va GDA train travels a distance of 300 km ata constant speed. Ifthe speed of the train increased by [4] $ kmv/r. the journey would have taken 2 hours less, find the speed ofthe train. Question 8 ~@ Inthe given circle with centn’0! ZABC = 100°, , ZACD = 40°, and CT is a tangent to the circle AtC. Find ZADC and DT. B) Sy + (Use graph paper to answer the following question. Take 1 em = I unt on both axes. 3) (a) Plot the points A (5, 5) and B (1, 3) (b) Take ‘A! as the image of A when reflected in x — axis. (©) Take *B'as the image of B when reflected in the line “AA!” (Give the geometrical name to the figure ‘ABA! iii) Two equal cones are touching each other completely at their base circles if the distance (4) between their vertices is 48 cm and the diameter of the base circles is 14 cm. Find the total external surface of the solid. (i) Find the value of P for which the quadratic equation (P + 1)x? — 6(P + 1)x + 3(P +9) = 0, B) P #—1 has equal roots. i i it it 300 per month. Ifthe bank pays [3] | ii) Mr. Chaturvedi has a recurring deposit account in a bank of : h ad interest of 12% p.a and he get 88100 as maturity value, find the total time for which the account I] | i Question 9 was held.iii) Find the equation of the ‘ (4) find the coordinates of te nat Pmt point P 1,2) onthe line 3x44 2. Also (4 the foot of perpendicular, ) Petra) we * ‘Question 10 The top of a schoo! building is 200 m. The angle of depressions of two school buses on opposite C4} Sides of it are 40° and 60° respectively. Find the distance between two buses in nearest metre. Gi) The monthly income of a group of 320 employees in a company is given below. Monthly income (@) No, of employees 5000-6000 30 6000-7000 90 7000-8000 65 8000 - 9000 2 9000-10000 20 10000-11000 33 11000-12000 40 Draw an ogive curve of the distribution on graph sheet taking 2 cm=%1000 on one axis and [6] 2.cm=50 employees on the other axis. From the graph determine: (@) The median wage. () The upper quartile. (©) The number of employees whose income is below %10,500.SN JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL-ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD. PRE - FINAL - I EXAMINATION (2023-24) CLASS-x. CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE PAPER-I1) Maximum Marks: 80 | Time allowed: Two hours Answer to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during first 15 minutes. This time is 0 be spent in reading the question paper The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. ‘Section-A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section-B The imended marks for the questions or parts of questions are given in the brackets [_] SECTION-A (Attempt all questions from this Section) Question - 1 [15] Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. (@o not copy the questions, write the correct answers only). @ « (iii) ‘As we move across a period in the modern periodic table which of the following is correct. P. _Ionisation energy increases Q Atomic size decreases R_ Metallic character increases (a) onlyP (bo) OnlyQ (J Pandg (2) QandR ‘The main components of Brass are (a) Copper and Qf Copper and Zine (©) Iron and Copper (4) Lead and Tin in The IUPAC name of the first member of the unsaturated Hydrocarbon with general formula CoHan? (2) Methene (>) Ethyne () MethaneGY) The gas evolved when Cone. Nitric acid reacts with Copper turnings is (@) Reddish brown and Neutral G (6) Cotortess and acidic SP" Reddish brown and acidic () Colorless and basic () The catalyst use cd in hydrogenation of Alkenes is (@) 1 Copper AD Nicket © Vanadium pentoxide (@) Graphite (i) Which ofthe following electrolytes causes a bulb to glow? P. Aqueous Potassium Hydroxide Q Sugar R_ Aqueous Sodium Chloride (@) onlyp (&) only (© onyr (a) PandR (vil) The Hydrocarbon which undergoes the substitution reaction (a) Propyne (>) Bthene (Butane (d) Butene The number of moles in 3.2g of O2 molecule is ey oa “(b) 00s (025 (a) 0.04 (ix) The chief ore of Aluminum is, Bauxite : (b) Haematite (9 Cryolite (a) Zinc Blende Page 2 of 7a Which ofthe followings correct with respecto the adation of Bromine 9 ERNE P. _Redulsh brown colour of Bromine gets discharged Q —Theproduet formed is 1,2 Dibromo Ethane R.__Thisis the test for unsaturation (a) OnlyP (b) Only A PandR @ — QandR (xi) ‘The hyslroxide which is soluble is excess of NaOH is J Mn(OH)z (b) Fe(OH)2 (© Fe(OH)s (@) Mg(OH)z (xii) During lonisation metals lose electrons. This change is called ___— (a) Reduction Na Oxidation (c) Redox (a Displacement (xiii) A compound having one lone pair of electrons is (a) Water (b) Methane {ef Ammonia (a) Hydrogen Sulphide {aiv)Acompound of X consists of only molecules. Which of the following is correct with respect to X P. Xhas crystalline hard structure Q_Xhas low melting and boiling points RX formsionic bonds (3) OnlyP ( OnlyQ () Only (@) Pandk ov) ee hot concentrated Sulphuric acid is added to Sulphur, it gets Oxidised to S02 (b) Hes ( Oo (@)HS0« Page 3 of 7Question 2: © Answer the questions based on diagram given below. (2) entity the acid prepared by this method. i!" (b) (©) Allglass apparatus is used in this method - Give reason (4) Give the method of collection, /o:.»! (e) Give balanced chemical equation for the process. Mention one important condition employed in the method Gi) Match the following Column A with Column B ange &) Column aL! © "0 ~ oak fo-d column B (@) NHAC 1. Dirty green precipitate (b) Nats, 2, Dative bond © Gate 3. Non-volatile acid () Fe(OH), 4. Acidic salt (e) Conc.Hso, 5, Addition reactions Complete the following by choosing the correct answers from the bracket: 15] {@) Saturated Hydrocarbons are - (Alkaties/Alkenes). (©) _Asthe pl ofthe solution decreases, its acidic strength progressively (incréases/Decreases) (2) _lonisation occurs in__compounas,(Ionie/Coyatent) (4) Thealloy is used to make aircraft parts is (Duratumin/Bronze) (e)__ Ingeneral, non - metals are electronegative than metals.(More/Less) (iv) Name the following: Is) (a) The ability of an element to form long chains, 9!» ox: (b) Compounds which conduct electricity when dissolved in water or in molten state. Y=... (The amount of energy required to remove an electron form the outer most shell of an atom. 12 (@) Organic compound having same molecular formula but differ in structural formula $6-w¥ (€)__ The process of heating the concentrated ore in the presence of excess of air. Foolg ()—@)_ Drawtthe structural diagram for the following compounds. B) (1) Ethanal c cu Cth (2) 1-butyne c r os C (3) 2,3- Dimethyl butane c-e 2,3,3> 1h) Give TUPAC name for the following compounds, (2) @ Von oy 4 n—tecd_t 4 ¥ uF A Veiaia ts! a) eae i ’ Bapine SECTION B Question (Attempt any fou Y Write bal laneedl equations for the fullowing conversions. (9) Sodium fthanoate to Methane (b) Bthanot to Bthene (0) Draw the electron dot structure of Ammonium lo} (Wi) A gaseous organte compound contains 82.76% of Carbon and 17.24% of Hydrogen. The Vapour density of the compound is 29, Calculate the empirical formula and molecular formula of the compound, (Atomic mass C -12, H= 1) (iv) Answer the questions based on the given experimental setup of gas X (a) Name the given experiment (b) Identify the gas in the round Bottom flask ()__ What do you demonstrate form the experiment? Question 4 (Draw the structures for the isomers of butane. (i) Calculate the volume of 320g of SOzat STP. (Atomic mass $ = 32, 0 = 16). (il) The following questions are based on laboratory preparation of Hydrogen Chloride. (a) Write balanced Chemical equation. (b) Name the drying agent used. (©) How do you identify HCl gas? (iv) With reference tothe electrolysis of molten lead bromide answer the given ‘questions, (a) Give equation at cathode (b)_ Mention the observation at anode (©) _Givereason: Graphite electrodes are preferred in the process, Page Sof 7 (2) (2] (3] (3) [2] [2] [3] [3] POEi) Gil) uestion 5: - Ramesh performed an experiment reacting Ethanol with 20 mae ann’. vinegar ike smell and obtained a pleasant fruity smelling comP (a) Identify "x" (©) Give equation for the formation of om (ii) Give balanced chemical equation for the followin Aa)) Sulphur reacting with Nitric acld 1b) | Ethanol reacting with Sodium (iit) Answer the following based on extraction of Aluminium from Alumina by Hall - Heroults process (@) Whats the function of eryolite in the electrolytic mixture? (b) Graphite anodes are periodically replaced - Give reason. ()__ Give equation at cathode. (iv) Complete the given table: (1 [ Name ofthe process | _Catalysed ‘equation | Final product @ —— ‘Ammonia ‘Ostwald process ————— ~~ Nitric acid Question 6: (1) Give Reasons for the following: (2) nic acid which has downward displacement of ait. reduction of Alumina, a layer of powdered coke is sprinkled o (a) Ammoniais collected by (b) _ Inelectrolytic ver electrolytic mixture. Give reason. Calculate the volume of Oxygen required for complete combustion of 100 litres of ethane (2 according to the following equation 2GiHe + 702 4602 + 6120 8) ‘A,Band Care the chemical properties of Sulphuric acid ‘A- Oxidising agent B- Typical acid C-Dehydrating agent. sh the following 1 to 3 equations to the above chemical properties of Sulphuric acid Matel (1) 2NaOH + HzS04— Na 2504+ 21120 § (2) Cus045 10 "4 cuso4s SHO (3) C+ 2H2S04-> CO2+ 2H20 + 2 02° Page 6 0f7Answer the followin, @® Na : o ; ae Process of purification of Bauxite ‘one, NaOH (Write bat 1s added to Bauxite in the concentration process ~ Give reason: lanced equation for the action of heat on Aluminium hydroxide. Question 7 © Identify the anion, a (@)) To the salt solution of X, Barium Chloride solution is added, A white precipitate is formed which is insoluble in dil. HCl. (b) _Tothe salt?’ dil, HaSO4is added, a colourless gas is evolved which turns ime water Milky and has no effect on KmnO¢ or KzCr207 solution (2) ww) Gi) (iv) Gi) Gi) iv) _ Identify the functional group in the following. (a) CHs-CH2-OH (bo) CHs- COOH Give suitable observations for the following BI (a) Excess of Chlorine reacts with Ammonia (0) _ Methane undergoes complete combustion (0) Nitricacid undergoes decomposition Sanjay thought of electroplating a copper coin swith silver. In this process of electrolysis: 8) {@) __Namethe electrolyte to be used (b) What should be the anode made up of? ()__ What does Sanjay observe at anode? ns 2] Identify the cation: (a) Salt solution of salt solution of B" gives a pale blue precipitate soluble in Ammonium hydroxide solution. +A" gives reddish brown precipitate on reacting with NaOH solution.“ ) Give on soluble term for the following 1 (2) Minerals form which metals can be extracted conveniently and profitably. (b) Tendency of an atom t0 attract electrons towards it. Give the method of preparation of the following salts. wl (a) Lead carbonate from Lead Chloride (0) Zine Sulphide from Zine metal (@)__ Sodium nitrate from NaOH X (2,81) and ¥(2,8,7) are two elements Using ths information complete the following. BI @ is the valency of X- (e)-Yhas atomic size than X. © js the type of bond formed between X and Y. page Tohssager® JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL-ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD. PRE-FINAL - I EXAMINATION (2023-24) oy CLASS-X PHYSICS (SCIENCE PAPER-1) “Maximum marks: 80 Time Allowed: Two Hours. Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is fo be spent in reading the Question Paper. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section B. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [. Section - A. Attempt all questions from this section. ‘Question 1. Answer the following by choosing correct options: 05] (i) morder to rotate a bar pivoted at its mid-point we need to apply. (@) __alarge force at any point on the bar (6) a.small force exactly at the mid-point where it is pivoted (©) two unequal forces at the two ends, but in the same direction (@) two equal forces at the two- ends, but in opposite directions. (ii) 1 kgf is equal to (a) 98N ®) aN © BPN (d) 9.8 dyne (iii) You lift a suitcase from the floor and keep it on the table. The work done by you on the suitcase depends on (a) your weight (b) the path taken by the suitcase ) the weight of the suitcase (d) the time taken by you in doing so. (iv) The least distance of distint vision fo a person with normal vision is about (a) Im () 0.5m (ey (025m @ 15m. (v) The power of a lens being +4 dioptres suggests that itis a (af Convex lens (b) _Plano- convex lens (©) concave lens (d) plano ~ concave lens. Page 10f 6i) (vii) (ity ) (xiy (ii) The angle of incidence for which the angle of reflection is X is called erin or wr (by) = 60" © 4 @ 0 angle of incidence and angle of refraction then which ofthe If" and ‘r’ respectively denote ation i correct? following Graphical v At cae a Laer : / Two sounds A and B are of same amplitude, same wave forms but of frequencies Fand 2 respestivey, Then (a) B differ in quality from A (6) Bis grave, A is shrill LF Bis shrill, A is grave (4) Bis louder than A A source of frequency of S00Hz. emits waves of wave length 0.4 m. How long does it take the waves to travel 600 m. Gr 3 sec / 7 (b) 6 see fee 7 (0) 9 see 4 (4) 12sec 1 Pa) The resistivity of « conductor is expressed ine @ 2 6) Om (©) Qm (4) Ame Which of the following combination of resistances is different from others’ A Bid ® With increase of temperature, the resistance of a semic (a) increases () decreases (c) remains constant (d) first increases then decreases Page 2 of 6 vw U(©) earth wire only (4 both the live and neutral wires Assertion (A) Reason (R); 7 B00d conductor of heat generally has alow specific heat capacity le! ‘capacity is the characteristic property, it does not depend on the @ A ; and R are true, A is the correet- explanation of R b ©) And R are true, A isnot the correct explanation of R AS) Ais true, Ris false @) Ais false, Ris true &y) Heo nucleus ?38U decays to lead nucleus 295Pb, How many «and particles are emitted. (a) 4 o) 5,6 © 6,8 My 8,6 Question 2 (15) (i) What do you understand by term ‘couple’? State its effects. (2) (ii) (@)_—_-Whatis the velocity ratio of a single movable pulley? 2) (b)_Inasingle movable pulley, ifthe effort moves by a distance x upwards, by what height is the load raised? “/, (iii) (a) What type of energy is possessed by a flowing water? (2) (b) What change should be effected in the velocity of a body to maintain the same kinetic energy if it’s mass is increased four times. (iv) (@)_ Define critical angle. BI (b) The refractive index of glass is 2 What isthe critical angle for glass — air surface? [Take sin 42°=2) (v) Answer the following with reference to given diagram. Aa) Name the lens ‘L’ : (b) Complete the diagram to form the image of the object AB. ! (v8) Accertain sound has a frequency of 256Hz and a wavelength of 1.3 m. Calculate the speed B) with which this sound travels, What difference would be felt by a listener between this sound and another sound travelling at the same speed but of wavelength of 2,6 m? Question 3: ~ (10) (fai Why are infrared radiations preferred over ordinary visible light for taking photographs | (2) in fog? (6) Name the radiation which can be detected by a thermopile. (Gi) Calculate the main current flowing in the given circuit RI ©—iK. 7 Page 3 of 6aa, NS word from brackets. priate Peale / series) with the Complete the following sentence by the (parallel A fuse is connected in __——— (carth / neutral /live) wire. ind inside the prism ABC. Critical angle for the material, (iv) Trace the path of the ray through a of the prism war. air is 45° (¥ What ate radio isotopes? State two uses of radio i8otOPes SECTION -B Auempt any four questions from the following Question 4 [10] (A point source of light ‘O” of single colour is seen through a rectangular glass slab PQRS. (3) “The path of two rays in and outside the slab are shown in the figure. (@) Does the source O appear to be nearer or farther with respect to the surface? 16) How does the shift depend on the thickness PS or QR of the slab? ~ (©) For the same rectangular glass slab, which colour from the visible spectra will produce the maximum shift. s ® Gi) (@ Show with the ad ofa ray diagram, how a right angled isosceles prism can be used 10 Bl invert rays. (6) Which phenomena is responsible for ~ this action of prism? : (iii) (Mention a medium in which the light passing from water gets (4 4) slow down (2) speed up (e State whether the refractive index of above mentioned medium is equal to, less than or greater than the refractive index of water. Question 5 (19) (Aconex lens forms an image 160 em lng of an object 4.0 em lng kept a distance 6cm — 3] {rom the lens. The object and the image are on the same side ofthe lens (2) What i the nature ofthe image formed? (b) Find focal length of the lens. (ii) 200 gofice at 0*e convert into water at Pein | minute ‘when heat is supplied to it at a constant [3] rate. In how much time 200g of water at 0°c will change to 20° ? Take specific heat of ice = 336 jg" iy (@) hata background radiations? Which ‘of the radiations a, B and y is similar toa beam [4] of electrons. (b) What is nuclear fusion? Write an equation fort Page 4 0f 60-6 10) Redraw the diagram boil ‘witha talle ttt the load by applying the force i dowaward (2) Mark in the dia 7 gram the direction of| ©) State the number of strands of tackle apa oe ie , _ (i) A uniform meter rule of 100N weight carries weight of 40N and GON suspended at 200m (3) and 90 cm marks respectively. Where will you provide a pivot to balance the metre rule. «block of mass 30kg is pulled up a slope as shown in the diagram with a constant speed by [4] applying a force of 200N parallel to the slope from the initial position A to the final position B. Calculate ot (@) The work done by the force in moving Block A to B. (b) The Potential energy gained by the block(Take g = 10m/s*) Question 7 {10} (iii) (i) The diagram shows the displacement time graph of a vibrating body. BI a (a) Name the kind of vibrations (6) Give one example of such vibrations (©) Whyis the amplitude of vibrations gradually decreasing? (ii) A person standing at a distance *x’ in front of a cliff fires a gun. Another person B standing [3] behind the person A at a distance ‘y’ from the cliff hears two sounds of the fixed shot after 2s and 3s respectively. Calculate ‘x’ and *y’. (Take the speed of sound = 320 ms"') iii) Given figure shows ~ different modes of vibration of a string of length(). [4] | p—- (@) What is the ratio of frequency between (a) and (c) (b) What is the ratio of wavelength between (b) and (a) pe ee eee Page 5 of 6oe are shows two bulbs with switches and fuse connected to the mains through a three pin socket by means of a wire enble, ' (a) Name and state the colour of insulation ofeach wire 1, 2 and 3. (b) How are the two bulbs joined, in series or It Lee oe) BI ii) Distinguish between specific resistance and resistance. (any i . «id A voltage source ees qurrent of 25 A to a resistor of 20 $2 connected across it for 5 minutes. [4] Calculate (a) The potential difference of the source. (b) The electrical energy supplied by the source. (c) Heat in calories, produced in resistor. Question 9 ( {) The temperature of 170g of water ak50% is lowered to Se by adding certain amount of ice tot. [3] Find the mass of ice added .Given Specific heat capacity of water = 4200JKg"°C"' and —specific latent heat of ice = 336000Jkg-' (ii) The diagram betow shows a cooling curve of a substance. BI (a) __ State the temperature at which the substance condenses. (b) The temperature range in which the substance is in liquid state. (©) Why do we prefers ice to ice-cold water for cooling a drink? (ii) (2) Write the energy conversion in the following. (4) (1) Lighted candle 2) Solar cooker ((b) Name any two electromagnetic waves which tromagne' have frequency hi i y) Seapine we frequency higher than that of violet light. Page 6 of 6 4y | JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL ~ ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD. PRE-FINAL - I EXAMINATION (2023 - 24) Allotted Time: Two howrs Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15min. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers, Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from section B. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ J. ‘SECTION A (40 Marks) (Attempt all questions from this Section) Question 1 5} ‘Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. Wo not copy the question. Write the correct answers only. (@ Eutrophication leads to death of fish due to: (a) increased O2 content (b) increased algal content (©) decreased algal content (@ decreased O2 content Gi) Hepatic portal system starts from: () kidney to liver (b)___liverto heart (c) digestive system to liver (@__ liver to lungs i) Identify the pre-human ancestor: (a) Australopithecus (by Rama pithecus { (©) Neanderthal man (d)_Cro-Magnon oy “Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced form: @) o) @ Page 1016SY Achild frightened by the loud noise, (vii) Death rate is the number of death: runs quickly to his mother. W! response? @) insulin <6) adrenaline (©) amylase @) protease (vi) Darwin's theory of evolution fils to explain the: (a) role of environment (b) over production (©) _ origin and transmission of vari (@ survival of the fittest (a) per hundred people per year (b) per hundred people per decade (©) __ per thousand people per decade (4) _perthousand people per year (viii) Contraction of uterus during child birth is due to which hormone: ay oxytocin (>) glucagon (©) TSH @ FSH (6) The opening of right atrium into right ventricle of human heart is guarded by: (@) mitral valve (6) tricuspid valve (©) pulmonary semilunar valve (@ bicuspid valve SS Loss of water through a cut stem fay bleeding (b) —_guttation (©) transpiration injury 5 Assertion (A): The mineral essential for the functioning of the thyroid gland is iodine. Reason (R); Use of jodised salt in food is recommended because iodine isthe active ingredient in the production of thyroxine, © Both Aand R are True (b) Both A and R are False (©) Ais True and R is False (@) Ais False and R is True Page 2 0f6Correct sequence of followis o ing events which 0 it a @)_absomption of light energy aie Gi) splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen (iii) Reduction of CO; to Carbohydrates @ i, iii andii (b) iii andiii _(Y — i,itand iti @ — iijitiandi (iii) Which of the following is an example of pollution? (@__ aratentering your kitchen (0) the dust raised during road cleaning (©) COz given out by the respiring organisms (@) the heat given out while cooking food (xiv). Synthesis phase in the cell eycle is called so for the synthesis of more: (@) RNA (6) RNAand proteins _( DNA (Glucose (xv) _ In humans urea is formed i (@) ureter oy liver (©) spleen @ kidney Question 2 (i) Name the following: (51 6) Thenitrogenous base that pairs with adenine ina DNA molecule. Tyne (by The organ which produces urea. Live d 4) The statistical study of the human population. pop (@ _ The structure that connects the placenta and the foetus. rs | cal (ey The fluid found between the ‘membranes of the heart. isa.) {lui s (i) Arrange and rewrite the terms in each group in the correct order so as to be in a logical sequence beginning with the term that is under lined. ro} A Ress, Motor neuron, Spinal nerves, Sensory nerve, effectors <6) Graafian follicles, Ovum, Uterus, Fallopian tube fe Homo Neanderthals, Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo habilis Reabsorption, Filtration, Secretion, Excretion. L Correa, leis, Aqueous humour, Conjunetivtis, Vitreous humour Page 3 0f 6it (alien GY Fill in the blanks with suitable words: urd) dien ~ a n If forms a sort of (b)__ high up. Ozone isan alloropic form of (a) _ rite : nage atmosphere. It prevents the harmful type of (c)_)/- , __ corning down and Certain gaseous compounds such as (d)__¢;'¢_~_ released from refrigerators and packing material (e)_)./ 4. rise into the atmosphere which the §¥) Choose the odd one out from the following terms and name the category to whi others belong (@) Plastics, Glass, Paper, Styrofoam (6) Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Thrombosis, Fibrin (©) Goitre, Cretinism, Myxoedema, Acromegaly (@) Sperm, Implantation, Fertilization, Ovum, afte birth 2 wy (6) Eutrophication, Oil spills, Algal bloom, Acid rain a) SE Se he Negra iy ec Seth ho meel qyrapcion ou ia solu ed rack the correct matching pairs. Column I Column I (2) Fovea — ¢ 1. Memory (©) Todopsin , 2. Haploid © Sneezing 3. Colour vision @ Sperm 4. Simple reflex (©) Cerebrum 5. Retina 6 Hind brain 7. Lens SECTION B (40 Marks (Attempt any four questions from this Section) Question 3 to} Gy Define Photolysis. 0) AF Mention any two measures to minimize noise pollution, 2 BAY People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from gor, 2 Aivy” What isthe significance of the testes being located in scrotal sacs outside the. abdomen? 2 “(W) Given below isthe diagram of apart ofthe human exe Study the same and answer the ” questions that follow. b) Aa Name the parts labelled A and By “AS State the function of the pat labelled C, SF Name the audio receptor region present in the part labelled A. Page 4oféPouestion 4 4 _ Expand CNG, (4) Mention any two reasons for the ra increase of population in India, Leaves of some plants wilt during midday and recover in the evening. Give reason. (iv) __ Differentiate between the following pairs based on what is indicated in the brackets. (@) _Phototropism and Chemotropism (definition) (0) Glycosuria and Albuminaria (abnormal constituents), (¥) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow. (@) Identify the gland and name it. (b) Mention the location of the gland. ¥) {¢) Name any two hormones secreted from. i ae part labelled 1, k Question 5 (2 Mention the location of (ay Thyroid gland (6) Corpus callosum Gii)__ Differentiate between the following pairs on basis of what is indicated in the brackets. (@) Arteries and veins (lumen) (6) Australopithecus and Cro-! -Magnon (cranial capacity) Why does the medulla and cortex of kidneys show striped and dotted appearance? (iv) Name two genetic diseases in man. (v) The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body by a bony box B and it is surrounded by three membranes C. The space between the membranes is filled with a fluid D which protects the organ A from mechanical shocks. The organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system. (a) Whatis Organ A? {> (b) What are the structures C and D?vowinggs , renee spinal tard Mellin ae (©) Name the Organ E and mention any one Z Question 6 /)) _ State Mendel’s law of independent assortment, Bix State main functions of the following MS Semicircular canal dy awit dabanee Bef Leydigeclls aluut SiloZii une ‘Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of the structure of sperm, (guy Mention any fur factors hat aet the rte transpiration Page 5 of 6 2! 10) 0) 2 2 2 B) {10} a) (2) 2) 2) BI {19) a Q1 Ql 2)() Given below isthe diagram of an apparatus used to study a particular pher.oranon in flit’ (a) Name the apparatus “YT ©) Whatitis used for? (©) Whats the role played by the air bubble in this experiment? = Question 7 (i) Define the Homologous chromosomes. (1) Production of food rises by arithmetic progression whereas population grows by geometrical Progression. Explain. ii) Draw a neat labelled diagram to show the metaphase stage of mitos “6 chromosomes 2 Gs) __ In certain species of animals, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur(b). Predict the genotypic [2] and phenotypic ratios of the offspring(F2 generation) when both the parents are ‘Bb’ or have heterozygous black fur. Explain it with the help of punnet square. () The following picture depicts a certain phenomenon. 6) () Name the phenomenon and explain it. - 2° > () Enlist the sources that are responsible for the above mentioned phenomenon. “7 i (©) List out the effects of the above phenomenon on humans. =) aes: a tue Question 8 {10} AS What is the significance of Mitosis? 0 (ii) Differentiate between the following pairs RI (2) Tubectomy and Vasectomy OF — Exosmosis and Endosmosis, Gif Explain the terms ultrafiltration and selective absorption. 2 4G) Industrial melanism provides a good example of natural selection. Discuss. pl The diagram below represents two reproductive cells A and B. Study the same and then answer [3] the questions that follow. B oa Name the specific part of the reproductive system where the above cells are produced. {oy Name the main hormones secreted by the (ye Ovary Qy Testes O_ Name any accessory gland found inthe male reproductive system. Page 6 of6JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL - ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD, PRE-FINAL- 1 EXAMINATION 2023 « 24 GEOGRAPHY [1.C.G-Paper 2} LCT 777 | re Allowed time: Two hours Answers to this paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 1 minutes, This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. ___The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. Part 1 is compulsory. All questions from Part fare to be attempted. A total of flve questions are to be attempted from Part It The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ J. Note: (®nal Map Work, make wise use of arrows to avold overcrowding of the map. (ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No.G43510 must not be taken out of examination hall. It must be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on completion of the paper. — CLASS: X (iti) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be detached, and after marking, must be fastened to your answer booklet. (iv) All sub-sections of the questions attempted must be answered in the correct serial order. (%) All working including rough work should be done on the same,answer sheet which is used to answer rest of the paper. PART - [[30 Marks] (Attempt all questions from this Part) Question 1 0) Study the Extract of Survey of India Sheet No G43S10 (Eastings-62-72) and Northings (29-39), and answer the following questions: (@ — @) __ Give the four-figure grid reference for +437. (2) (b) What is the compare direction of Udwarya from Gulabgunj. (i) @_ What is general direction of flow of Sukli Nadi? (2) (b) What do you understand by 211 in 6536? What do you understand by (2) (b) Fire line in 7130 (iv) (2) Whatis the area in square kms of the extract of the survey sheet given toyou. [1] (v) (@)__“Siroriisa better developed settlement than Udwarya.” Give two reasons to [2] justify the statement. (b) What is the main source of irrigation in this map extract? (vi) (@)__ Whyis the water of some wells not fit for drinking? 1) (a) Sluice in 6832 Page ToF7Question 2 Ong an outline Map of INDIA provided. (i) Markand label Coromandel Coast. (ii) Markand label Godwin Austin. (iii) Mark and label Chilika Lake. (iv) Markand label River Narmada. (v) Shade and label Gulf of Mannar. a vi) Shade and label a region covered by Black Soll. fo) Mark and name the winds which bring rain to the Coromandel Coast in winter. (vit) Mark and label Nathu-la-pass. (i) Shade and label sparsely populated region in Western India, (3) Mark with a dot and name onshore oil field. oO Question 3 [10] Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options. (Do not copy the question, Write the correct answers only one below the other with correct question numbers). @ w (i) ww) Ww) The longest National waterway of India is from (@) _ Brahmaputra river to Sadia in Assam (b)” Ganga, Allahabad to Haldia (© Kollam to Kottapuram in Kerala (@) Kakinada to Pandicherry Assertion (A): Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall. Reason (R): Central Maharashtra lies in the leeward side of the Western Ghats. ay Both Aand Rare true but Ris the correct explanation of A (>) Both Aand Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A {) Aistrue bit Ris false (@)_ Aisfalse but Ris true. Black Soil is also known as (2) Bhangar Soil (b+) Khadar fy Regur Soil (4) Allofthese Which of the following forests is grown in waterlogged areas? (2) Evergreen forest (b) Deciduous forests (Q__. Thorny forest {d) Mangrove forest Cana) irrigation is popular in Northern plains ws” Ithas perennial rivers and the land is soft, (bo) Ithasa rocky terrain (© _ Therivers are seasonal and flood during monsoon, (4) There are many water falls, Page of 7») Rourkela steel plant gets its supply of fresh water from () River Subarnarekha () River Mahanadi (©) __Tendula Canal in River Brahmani (vil) “Copper is alloyed with Zine to form, (a) Aluminium (6) Brass (Bronze (a) __ Stainless steel (viii) Decomposition that occur without Oxygen in air (@) Aerobic (vy Anaerobic (©) Thermochemical (d@) Photosynthesis (ix) _Inthis type of farming, cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock is done simultaneo (a) Subsistence farming (b) Plantation farming {J Mixed farming (@ Organic farming (x) | Which steel plant was setup with the collaboration with Germany? (a) Rourkela (b) Tata steel (©) Visakhapatnam (@) Bhilai usly. PART - II [50 Marks} (Attempt any five questions from this Part) Question 4 [10] (0 An PL cricket match was held between Gujarat Titans(GT) and Chennai Super kings(CSK) during the month of June and July at Wankhede stadium in Mumbal; Maharashtra. ‘The cricket match was interrupted due to heavy rainfall. - Times of India (21 (2) According to you what is the source of heavy rainfall? (b) What is the type of rainfall?) > (ii) Name the reasons of India and mention the duration of each season. 2 (ili) Give reasons: BI (a) _ Mangalore is not cold even in the month of December. (b) Rainfall deceases as one travels up the Ganga Valley. (c) _Ladalth experiences temperature below 0° in water.May | Jun | jul | Aug [ Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec 30.0 | 32.5 | 31.0 | 30.2 [29.8 [ 28.0 | 25.9 | 24.7 38 | 45 | 87 | 11.3] 119] 306 | 35.0 | 13.9 (3) Whatis the annual range of temperature? (b) Name the wettest month, (©) Presuming that the station is located in India, give a reason for its location being on os the east coast or the west coast of India, fon 5 9 ~@ Define the fotlowing:- 2 (@)__ Pedogenesis (©) Humus (i) Differentiate between in-situ and ex-situ, ir) (ii) Study the map and answer the following question. (3) (2) Which soil is found in shaded region? (b) How is this soil formed? (© Give the composition of this soil. iv. Give geographical reasons:- 3) (2) _Laterite soils are used as building material (b) Black soil is black in colour (Q)_ Alluvial soils differ in texture. stion 6 ve (10) Name the economically most important vegetation belt in India, Justify your answer.—!¥[2] Differentiate between social forestry and agro forestry. 2) (iii) The Chipko movement is a forest conservation movement in India, Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policy on deforestation. 1] (iv) (2) _ Why do we need to conserve the forest? Give your opinion. (b) What are the preventive measures taken to conserve forest? (c)__ State the relation between climate and natural vegetation of a place. To which type of forests do the following trees belong. BI (a) Hintal and Sundari {b) _ Deodar and Chirpine (Q)_ Babul and Khair Page 407 fRestion 7 [10] In 2018 Western Cape authorities in South Africa projected that 22 April would be (2) Zero Water Day. Fresh water use would be strietly rationed in Cape Town with the police and military on hand to provide security at limited number of distribution points across the city, (a) Why isthe world in danger of facing a severe water shortage in the coming, future? (0) Why isit necessary to conserve water? Name a state in India where tube wells are commonly used, Give two reasons to support (J your answer (a) Where is Tank irrigation most widely used? a (0) Give one factor that has led to its popularity in the region mentioned by you. (©) Mention one advantage of Tank irrigation. Study the picture below and answer the following questions. BI (a) _ Identify the picture. (b) Give ewo advantage of it. Question 8 {10} {i) Mention any two uses of Manganese? (2) (ii) Differentiate between metallic and non-metallic mineral resources. (2) (iii) With reference to Hirakud project. [3] (2) Onwhich river itis situated? (b) Mention two benefits of this project. (iv) (2) Name oldest coal field. BI (o) Name a petroleum product. (QName a leading producer of Copper in India. Question 9 [10] (i) Small and fragmented land holding are most common features of Indian agriculture. (2) (a) Howhas fragmented and small land holdings become problems of Indian agriculture. : (ii) Which crop is associated with following terms? (2) (a) Ginning (b) Retting (iii) Give the Geographic term for each of the following. BI (a) Cultivation of sugarcane from the root stock of the cane which has been cut. (b) The residue left behind after the crushing of oilseeds () ‘The method where cutting are taken from good high yielding mother plant. iv) Give Geographical reasons for the following. BI (a) Teais cultivated on hill slope. (b) Pulses are good for crop rotation, (©) Sugarcane should be sent to factory within 48 hours. Page 5 of 7Question 10 () Why is there a need for rapid industrialization? (Differentiate between animal based industry and forest based industry. Git) Why are the cotton mills located in and around Mumbai? (iv) What are the byproducts of sugar Industry? Give their uses. Qeestion WW (Mention two advantages of using water ways, Gi) Why is road transport in India considered more useful than rail transport? Gt) Give three reasons as to why airways are becoming a popular means of transport in modern India. Gv) __ Give three objectives of Golden Quadrilateral. Question 12 (Define: (a) Biomagnification (b) Incineration (ii) How is recycling of waste helpful? Give an example of recycling of waste, (iii) _ Give three benefits of composting. (iv) _ Study the pictures and answer the following questions. (a) Identify give picture. (b) Why is it important? Give two reasons. eee 2) [3] (3)CLASs-x JOHNSON GRAMMAR SCHOOL-ICSE KUNTLOOR, HYDERABAD. ‘Maximum marks: 80 Time allowed: Two hours Answers to this Paper must be written on the answer sheet provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first [Sminutes. This time isto be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. ‘Attempt ail questions from Part I (Compulsory). PRE-FINAL - I EXAMINATION (2023-24) A total of five questions are 1o be attempted from Partell, two out of three questions from Section- A and three out of five questions from Section B. The intended marks for questions on parts of questions are given in brackets [ J PART - I (30 Marks) Attempt all questions from this Part Question 1 Choose the correct answers from the given options. Wo not copy the question, write the correct answers only). @ Gi) Gi) Which one of the following is recognized as the body of people’s representatives who have supreme power of governance in India? (@) The Council of Ministers (by The Indian Parliament (©) The President (d) The Supreme Court Lok Sabha ‘Adult citizens of India Rajya Sabha 2 P: Elected members of Legislative Assemblies Q: Elected members of State Legislature R: Elected members of Lok Sabha S: Elected members of Panchayats P &) Q @ R @® Ss ‘Who administers the oath of office to the President of India? (@) Comptroller and Auditor General of India (b) Judge of the Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India (é) Prime Minister of India 116) Page tof 5div) ” wi) (ii) (iii) (ex) 2) ‘The power of the President to use his wisdom (@) Legislative powers (0) Executive powers (©) Financial powers @__ Discretionary powers ‘The Lok Sabha may be adjourned in which of the following cases- (After the day’s business is over Gil) For want of quorum Gii) In case of a natural calamity Aa) ) © @) (i), Gi) and Gi Which of the following is NOT a session of the Lok Sabha? (@) Budget Session (®) Monsoon Session (©) Summer Session (Winter Session Which of the following was NOT a political cause for the Great Uprising of 1857? (@) British policies of expansion (©) _ Interference with social customs (©) Absentee sovereignty of the British (@) Annexation of Awadh Choose the correct option to match the following: 1. Dadabhai Naoroji i. Brahmo Samaj 2. Surendranath Banerjee ii, Forward Bloc 3. Subhas Chandra Bose ii, Indian Association 4. Raja Rammohan Roy iv. East India Association (a) 1-i, 2-iv, 3 iti, 4- (oy 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-H, 4-i © 1+, 2-iii, 3-4, 4-iv @ Iii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking the Salt Laws. What did this signify? (@) Boycott of British goods {ey Defiance of British laws (©) Strikes by mill workers (@)__Non-- payment of British taxes Complete the given analogy Barly Nationalists: Ideas of western philosophers:: Assertive Nationalists: (@) Ideas of eastern philosophers 8 Ideas of Swadeshi (©) Ideas of Karl Marx @ India’s past Page 2 ofS(i) Lokmanya Ti 'ya Tilak was the first @ DoorDie cade to openy declare: - © Swaraj is my birthright ) Give me blood, and I shall fr @ Noneofttesbove om (xii) Khilafat Movement was ‘organized to protest against the injustice done to (@® Persia ©) Arabia (©) Turkey @ Egypt (xiit) | The Congress declared Poorna Swaraj as its main objective at the Lahore session in @ 1920 (>) 1929 ©) 1930 @ 1982 (iv) Which of the following statements are correct about Second Round Table Conference? @ Jawaharlal Nehru represented the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference (1932) according to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Gi) The Gandhi ~ Irwin Pact (1931) stipulated that the Indian National Congress will participate in the Second Round Table Conference (1932) with Gandhiji as its sole representative. @ Only 4b) Only (ii) (© Both (i) and Gi) @ Neither (i) and (ii) (xv) Arrange the following historical events in the chronological order of their occurrence. (@_Non—Cooperation Movement Gi) Civil Disobedience Movement ii) Chauri— Chaura Incident @ #0) © @ (xvi) Identify the common cause behind the rise of Fascism and Nazism. (@) Love for Democracy (6) Hatred for Jews (©) __ Respect for peaceful methods of contfict resolution _SA) Dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles ii Question 2 @__ Whatis the minimum age to be elected as the President of India? For how long can President's rule be imposed in a State? RQ Gi) Why was Bal Gangadhar Tilak considered to be the ‘forerunner of Gandhiji’? 2 ii) Name the political party founded by Subhash Chandra Bose and state its immediate objective. [2] iv) _ Mention any two points of significance of the Quit India Movements 2] Page 3 ofS(¥) What is meant by the ‘Cold War"? ‘Education, Bi (vi) Write the expanded form of UNESCO, Mention any one of its function in the field of 2} (vy State the five principles of Panchsheel, a PART ~11 (50 Marks) SECTION ~ A (20 Marks) a Answer any TWO questions from this Section. Question 3 ‘The Union Legislature of India comprises the two Houses of the Parliament, the House of the People and the Council of States. With reference to this, answer the following. questions: (i) Mention any three judicial powers of the Parliament. a (ii) State any three qualifications required to become the member of the Lok Sabhd. ‘he 6) Gil) Give any four powers enjoyed by the presiding officer ofthe lower House in conducting c “business of the House’. 4 Question 4 | 1n our Parliamentary System, the President is the nominal head and the Prime Minister isthe real head of the Government. In this context, answer the following questions: @) State the situations when the Vice ~ President of India takes over the office of the President. (3) Gi) Enumerate the three legislative powers of the President. 7 8) ii) How can we say that the Constitution ensures the pre - eminent position of the Prime Minister in relation to the Cabinet? 4 Question § | With reference to the Union Legislature and the Union Executive, answer the following questions: (@ State three financial powers of the Parliament. Bl ii) Give three reasons to justify how is the Lok Sabha more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. BI Gil) What is the term of office of the President of India? Why is the President elected by Indirect elections? 4 SECTION —B (30 Marks) Answer any THREE questions from this Section. Question 6 7 The conflict between the two sections of the Congress came to surface in its session in 1906 at Calcutta, In this context, answer the following: , GY State the reason for the Split in the Congress in 1907. BI ‘The three Assertive leaders are referred as the Trio. Mention their complete names. BI _Siii Explain in brief any four methods that the Assertive advocated for the achievement of their objective. 4] Question 7 Read the passage given and answer the questions that follow - “ General Dyer’s action at Jallianwala Bagh appears to have been entirely indefensible. He acted afer open disorder had ceased inthe city for two days; he gave no warning on the spot, but began firing within 30 seconds (of arriving); and he was responsible for grave and unnecessary slaughter. His plea is that he wanted to produce sufficient moral effect throughout the Punjab, Such was not his duty and the } effect he has really produced is to create, not only in the Punjab, but throughout India, a bitterness that } will take years to eradicate,” . Source ~ Lovat Fraser (1871 ~ 1926) British Journalist Page 4 of 5