AIS II

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
System Development Life Cycle Phases

System Planning

System Support
System Analysis
and Security

System
System Design
Implementation
System Planning
• Systems planning is the first of five
phases in the systems development life
cycle.
• We will find out how the system project
started
• How to evaluate a project proposal to
determine the success
System Analysis
• Must determine the requirements before
starting the design process that is:
– requirements modeling
– data and process modeling
– object modeling techniques
• We also will consider various development
strategies for the new system, and plan for
the transition to systems design tasks
System Design
• system design is a physical design that
will meet the specifications described in
the system requirements document
which includes:
– user interface design
– data design
– system architecture
System Implementation
• System implementation is implement
that design.
• The first task is a development
application, which requires system
analysts and programmers to work
together to build the program
System Support and Security
• You will now support and maintain the
system, handle security issues, protect
the integrity of the system and its data.
• The deliverable for this phase is an
operational system that is properly
maintained, supported, and secured
hardware software data

processes people

Information system strategy

 1. Hardware

• Consists of everything in the physical layer of the

information system.
• Hardware purchasers today face a wide array of technology
choices and decisions
• Moore’s Law - Intel
 2. Software

• Software refers to the programs that control the

hardware and produce the desired information or
results.
• Application software consists of programs that
support day-to-day business functions and provide
users with the information they require.
• includes horizontal and vertical systems
 3. Data

• Data is the raw

material that an
information
system transforms
into useful
information.
 4. Processes

• Processes describe the tasks and business functions

that users, managers, and IT staff members perform
to achieve specific results
 5. People

• Called as Stakeholder
• Each stakeholder group has a vital interest in the
information system,
 Business Profile :

 An overview of the company.

 Could be a catalyst to design a modelling process.
 Importance:
I. For marketing purpose
II. For recruitment
 Business Process:

 Specific set of transactions, events, and results that can

be described and documented.
 To achieve a better outcome from every process made.
 How to improve:
I. People - Rotation of workers
II. Technology - Suitable tools or equipments
III.Process - Correct sequences
 New Kinds of Companies

 Multi-oriented system are better than single-

oriented.
 Internet-dependent and Web-based business
operations has proven that it has been one of the
most popular medium for customers.
 Impact of the e-Commerce:

Business to Consumer (B2C)

 Increasing the percentage of customers

Business to Business (B2B)

 Reducing some costs
 Gain some revenue
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEM
• in the past,managers divided system into categories based on the user
group the system served.
• categories and users included office systems (administrative staff),
operational systems (operational personnel), decision support systems
(middle-managers and knowledge workers), and executive information
systems (top managers)
• today, traditional labels no longer apply.
• for example, all employees, including top managers, user office
productivity systems.
• today, it makes more sence to identify a system by its function and
features, rather than by its users
Enterprise Computing System
• refers to information system that supports company-wide operations and data
management requirements.
- example : Wal-Mart's inventory control system, Boeing's production control
systems,
Hilton Hotel's reservatioon system.
- main objective : * integrate a company's priory functions (such as production, sales,
services, inventory control, and accounting)
* reduce cost
* help managers make key decisions.
- also improves data security and reliability by imposing a company wide framework
Transaction Processing
• process data (TP) systems process data generated by day-to-day business
operations.
• example : customer order processing, account receivable, and warranty
claim processing
• TP system perform various tasks whenever a specific transaction occurs
* verifies customer data * check in stock status
* checks the customers credit status * adjust inventory data
* posts the invoice to account receivable * update sales activity files
• TP systems are efficient because they processed transaction by group not
individual
Business Support
• provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
* can analyze transactional data
* generate information needed to manage and control business processes
* provide information that leads to better decision-making
• business support system can work hand in hand with a TP system
* when a company sells merchandise to a customer, a TP system records the
sale,updates the customer's balance, and make a deduction from inverntory.
• important feature of business support system is decision support capability.
• it helps users make a decision by creating a computer model an applying a set of
variables.
Knowledge Management
• Are called expert system because they simulate human
reasoning by combining knowledge base and interference
rules that determine how the knowledge is applied.
• Knowledge base consists of a large database that allows users
to find information by entering keywords or question in
normal English phrases.
• Knowledge management systems do not use strict logical
rules but instead many use a technique called fuzzy logics that
allows interference to be drawn from emprecise relationships.
• User Productivity
- companies provide employees at all levels with technology that improves productivity
- example : *email *voice mail *fax *video *Web conferencing *word processing *automated
calendar *database management
- the users also use Groupware, a program which run on a company intranet and enable users
to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams.
- example : GroupWise.
- computer-based office work expanded rapidly as companies assigned more responsibility to employees
at lower organizational levels.

• Information Systems Integration

- most large companies require systems that combine transaction proccessing, business support,
knowledge management, and user productivity features