MA-1205 Abstract Algebra

Assignment-I
1. Show that set of all integers Z is an abelian group with respect to addition.
2. Show that set of all integers Z is an abelian group with respect to binary operation ‘*’
defined as 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 for 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍.
𝑎 0
3. Let G = {[ ] : 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟}. Show that G is a
0 0
commutative group under matrix multiplication.
4. Let S = {0,1,2,3,4} and +5 is the binary operation called addition modulo. Show that S
is an abelian group with respect to addition modulo 5 (+5).
5. Let S = {1,2,3,4}. Show that S is an abelian group with respect to multiplication
modulo 5.
6. Show that G={-1, 1, -i, i} is a group with respect to multiplication.
7. If (G, *) is a group then show that
(i) The identity element of G is unique.
(ii) Every element has a unique inverse.
8. If G is a group with respect to multiplication, then
(i) (a-1)-1 = a for all 𝑎 ∈ G, where a-1 stands for inverse of a.
(ii) (ab)-1 = b-1 a-1 for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ G
9. Prove that group G is abelian iff (ab)2 = a2b2 for all 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ G.
10. Prove that order of an element of a group is the same as that of its inverse.
11. The order of every element of a finite group is finite and less than or equal to the
order of the group.
12. Let G ={0,1,2,3,4,5}. Find orders of elements of the group G under the binary
operation addition modulo 6.
13. Let G ={1,2,3,4,5,7}. Find orders of elements of the group G under the binary
operation multiplication modulo 7.
14. Show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a non-empty subset H of a group G
to be a subgroup is that 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ H => 𝑎𝑏−1 ∈ H, where b-1 is the inverse of b in G.
15. Show that an arbitrary intersection of subgroups i.e. the intersection of any family of
subgroups of a group is a subgroup.
16. Show that the union of two subgroups is a subgroup if and only if one is contained in
the other.
17. Show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a non-empty subset H of a group G
to be a subgroup is that HH-1=H.
18. Prove that :
(i) The identity of the sub-group is same as that of the group.
(ii) The inverse of any element of a sub-group is the same as the inverse of that
element in the group.
19. Let G be the additive group of integers. Prove that the set of all multiples of integers
by a fixed integer k is a subgroup of G.
20. If G is a finite group and H is a subgroup of G then show that O(H) divides O(G).
21. If H and K are finite subgroup of a group G then
𝑂(𝐻).𝑂(𝐾)
𝑂 (𝐻𝐾 ) = .
𝑂(𝐻∩𝐾)

22. Suppose G is a finite group of order pq, where p, q are primes and p>q. Show that G
has most one subgroup of order p.
23. If G is a finite abelian group then show that O(ab) is a divisor of lcm of O(a).O(b).
24. Every quotient group of a cyclic group is cyclic.
a b
25. Let G be the set of 2x2 matrices over reals of the type   where ad ≠ 0. Then G
0 d 
1 −b 
1 0  a ad 
will form a group under matrix multiplication   will be identity, 
0 1 0 1 
 d 
a b
will be inverse of any element   . Also G is not abelian.
0 d 
𝐺
26. If G is a group such that is cyclic, where Z(G) is centre of G then show that G is
𝑍(𝐺)

abelian.
27. Let <Z,+> and <E,+> be the groups of integers and even integers.
Define a map f : Z→E s.t., f(x) = 2x for all xєZ. Show that f is isomorphism.
28. Show that <Q,+> cannot be isomorphic to <Q*, ּ > where Q* = Q – {0} and Q =
rationals.
29. Show that the only homomorphism from the group <Q*, ּ > to <Z,+> is the zero
homomorphism where Q* = Q – {0}.
30. State and prove first fundamental theorem of group homomorphism.
31. Let H and K be two subgroups of a group G , where H is normal in G, then
HK K

H H K
32. If H and K are two normal subgroups of G such that H  K, then
G G H

K K H
𝑍
33. Find all the subgroups of , where
12

Z = group of all integers under addition

(12) = subgroups of Z consisting of all multiples of 12.

34. Let G be the group of all non-zero complex numbers under multiplication and let G′
 a b
be the group of all real 2x2 matrices of the form   where not both a and b are
 −b a 
zero, under matrix multiplication, show that G  G′.
35. Suppose G is a group of order p 2 where p is prime. Let  : G → H be an onto
homomorphism, where H is a group. Then show that either  is an isomorphism or
 maps each element x of G onto the identity e of H and H = {e} or else, for each
y є H, ∃ exactly p elements x of G such that  (x) = y.