Holographic Projection

G Adithyaa V Tarun Dr.M.Sridhar

B.Sc Information Technology B.Sc Information Technology B.Sc Information Technology
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts
&Science &Science &Science
Coimbatore Coimbatore Coimbatore
23107068@srcas,ac,in 23107129@srcas,ac,in sridhar@srcas.ac.in

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE

 Abstract— The new technology known as "Holographic system to show a nonvolatile and updateable holographic
Projection" is examined in this paper. It symbolizes the next wave technique.
of communication and technology, the various applications of
technology, and the areas of life that it will have a significant
impact on, such as business, education, healthcare, and telephony.
This essay also explores how technology will develop in the future
and how it will impact and transform a wide range of different
industries, businesses, and technological domains
Figure 1: Off-axis single beam setup
.Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert
(key words)

I. INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1)
Regardless of one's level of experience with holography—a
scientist or a layperson—they will eventually interact with
it on their own. Holography will eventually find its way
into more and more aspects of daily life. In 1948, Dennis
Gabor discovered the fundamentals of holography while
attempting to increase the transmission electron
microscope's efficiency [1]. His initial investigations were
conducted with a mercury vapor lamp. Gabor was awarded .
the Nobel Prize in 1971 following 23 years of
experimentation. Holograms are being used to create the Figure 2: Split-beam setup.
most stunning 3D images and videos. In 1900, digital
holography was created. The development of computer
science made it possible for computers to record and
reconstruct images, which resulted in the development of [20]. The present paper has done a theoretical and
computer generated holograms (CGHs), in which fake experimental study on creating 3D images by means of
images are created using a variety of techniques [2]. These holography. Also, a much more universal future is
days, CGH-based display systems can be constructed. For predicted for this technique.
many applications, they are not practicable due to their high
cost. But as other computer hardware becomes more The experiments conducted to create transmission
affordable, CGH displays will soon be a competitive holograms are shown in this section. Two different
option, opening the door for commercial real-time transmission setup types—off-axis single beam and split
holographic 3D imaging [3, 4]. Holography is finding beam—have been used in these tests; they are depicted in
increasing use these days in a wide range of scientific Figures 1 and 2, respectively. A straightforward explanation
fields, including biology, health, IT, communication, of the holographic principle can be found in [21].
architecture, security, and packaging. Holography has been Holograms are often recorded using coherent light sources
used in optical applications, some of which are still in like lasers, but low-coherence light sources can also be
development [5–9]. One of the most exciting uses of utilized [22]. A study [23] describes the reconstruction of
holography is the creation of three-dimensional holographic an image taken using a 300-camera system employing
displays that offer realistic visuals without the need for monochromatic LED light. Creating a real-time, phase-
special glasses. A straightforward description of the only, color holographic video projection system with LED
features of a real holographic television display has been illumination is another fascinating topic.A crucial
provided by Michael Bove et al. from the MIT Media component of the diffraction efficiency is the need that the
Laboratory [10]. Using large-area photorefractive polymer reference wave's intensity be greater than the object wave's.
with very high diffraction efficiency, an excellent Four to one was the relation chosen for the intended
holographic three-dimensional telepresence system has outcome. The reference wave and object wave must have
been constructed [11]. The goal of science is to create 3D different paths that are smaller than the applied laser's
holographic displays that are both movable and coherence length, or in this example, between 15 and 30
programmable [12–17]. The feasibility of holographic cm. PFG-01, a silver halide emulsion that was acquired
projection on a mobile device is examined in a work [18]. from GEOLA, is the holographic plate that was applied
Takaki introduces a novel holographic three-dimensional [25]. This plate is exposed to CW laser light and has a fine-
exhibit that enhances both the viewing zone angle and grained red sensitivity of 600–660 nm
screen size through the use of a MEMS spatial light
modulator [19]. Updateable holography is regarded as the
best method available for capturing and displaying real 3D
data. When the reading and the recording have the same
wavelength, it can be challenging to maintain the necessary
characteristics of reversibility and nonvolatility use novel
aspects of chemical transformations in a polymer recording
 reconstructed in front of the plate. In order to reconstruct the real
image, the hologram has to be illuminated with the conjugated
reference wave. To do so the hologram must be turned by
180∘.Zhong et al., using a spherical reference wave, succeeded in
reconstructing a diffractive object at short distance having a good
resolution [28]. They made an in-line phase shifting digital
hologram. They found that in this condition the distance between
the object and CCD and the distance between the point source of
the reference wave center and CCD have to be measured
carefully to achieve a high quality reconstructed image. In
addition, other methods have been reported to improve the
Figure 3: The reconstructed virtual image. resolution of the reconstructed holographic images [29].
Images from reconstructed holograms are primarily
monochrome but can also be colored. At least three laser
wavelengths are required to record a hologram that
accurately captures the object's color and 3D shape. A
previous study [30] discusses the wavelength selection
issue in truecolor holography

Figure 4: The reconstructed virtual image is orthoscopic II. ADVANCES IN CREATINGTHREE-DIMENSIONAL

IMAGES AND VIDEOS USING HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
for recording holograms using both transmission and
reflection. The optimal light sensitivity for the PFG-01 is
about 80 microJ/cm2. Over 45% is the greatest diffraction For a holographic plate, 5000 lines/mm appears to be the
efficiency. These are 63 by 63 mm plates. The chess game typical amount in recent years. Holographic plates and
pieces, which are plastic white pawns, are subjected to a 1.5 films were previously divided into red-sensitive and green-
mW He-Ne laser. The exposure duration of six seconds is sensitive categories due to their extreme sensitivity to a
calculated and the process is carried out in complete narrow range of wavelengths. These days, it's simple to
darkness. make holographic plates that detect light over the visible
The holographer must employ specialized techniques to spectrum, including PFG-03C (silver halide) and TCC-2
record and reconstruct an object if it is too big, too small, or (photothermoplasticPFG-03C is intended to produce full-
transparent to record [26, 27]. The plate is taken out of its color reflection holograms using continuous wave (CW)
designated spot to carry out the exposure process under laser radiation; a modified version of PFG-03C known as
green safe light after recording. The most widely used GEO was created to record color holograms with pulsed
processing chemical and developer is JD-2 developer, light. These full-color plates yield excellent photographs,
which is used to develop the plates. Unlike the previous but they expire sooner. More panchromatic ultra-fine-grain
methods, which comprised three steps—developing, silver halide materials have recently become available from
bleaching, and fixing—this approach consists of just two a number of manufacturers, including Sphera-s in Russia,
steps: developing and bleaching. All three solutions must be Colour Holographics in the UK, and Ultimate in France. A
available prior to the experiment, but just before employing thorough comparison of various materials is presented in
them, the two portions of the developing solution must be one study. Photopolymers and photographic emulsions
joined with a 1:1 ratio. In holographic reconstruction, there have been the most widely utilized recording materials in
are two virtual and real images. Figures 3 and 4 show what holographic displays. Photopolymers have demonstrated
their value in several holographic applications.
Unfortunately, the majority of photopolymers have certain
unfavorable characteristics, like limited environmental
compatibility or the toxicity of some of its constituent parts.
Because of this, the University of Alicante's Holography
and Optical Processing Group created Biophotopol, a novel
dry photopolymer with high thickness and minimal toxicity
[32]. Instead of utilizing 2D models to examine the
behavior of holographic recording materials, genuine 3D
models are required when the materials' thickness grows.
Gallego et al., for instance, have investigated
Figure 5: The reconstructed real image is pseudoscopic. photopolymers' three-dimensional behavior as a
holographic recording material [33]. A review has been
The reconstructed virtual image and Figure 5 represents the real conducted on the optimization of photopolymer materials
images.The images are seen in the same red color of the He-Ne for holographic data storage [34]. Additionally, a thorough
laser. The virtual image is orthoscopic and is reconstructed in the analysis that details the state-of-the-art in photorefractive
back of the plate and the real image is pseudoscopic and is
polymers for holography is available [35]. Recording alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer PVA/AA photopolymers
holographic gratings is a common characteristic of for holographic recording has been improved [47]. The
holographic recording materials [36]. The characterisation improved photopolymer has presented low scattering and
and optimization of materials is the primary benefit of this diffraction efficiencies as high as 85%. Recently, a new and
approach This method can be used, for example, to measure even more remarkable panchromatic photopolymer is
the signal-to-noise ratio. Here is a fair comparison by available from Bayer Material Science (BMS) [48]. This
Peyghambarian's group of large-area, erasable holographic material has many advantages such as long life time,
materials, including Azo-dye, Bacteriorhodopsin, stability, environmentally robust (no shrinkage), and less
Electrothermoplastic, Amorphous Chalcogenide, postprocessing (thermal or wet) [31]. Another
Photorefractive polymers, and Liquid crystal systems [37]. photopolymer receiving ever greater attention in the
These materials need to meet specific criteria in order to be literature is phenanthrenequinone (PQ) doped poly(methyl
utilized for 3D displays that can be updated., such as high methacrylate) (PMMA) photopolymer material. This
diffraction efficiency and sensitivity, reversible recording, material has many applications in various research areas
high spatial resolution, large area, long storage time, and such as holographic data storage, hybrid optoelectronics,
fast recording. The process of Bacteriorhodopsin materials solar concentrators, self-trapping of light, and diffractive
is based on conformational change and their efficiency is optical elements [49]. Atsushi Shishido has prepared
very low. Another low efficiency material is Azo-dye optically transparent films with a thickness of >200 𝜇m
whose process is based on molecular orientation. Li et al. [50]. These rewritable holograms are based on azobenzene-
have fabricated a holographic display system using an azo- containing liquid-crystalline polymers. In this research, it
dye-doped liquid crystal [38]. Liquid crystal systems work has been reported that when two writing beams are made to
drawing on liquid crystal orientation. The efficiency of overlap in the film, a periodic change in refractive index is
such systems is very low. The efficiency of induced and an incident probe beam is diffracted at about
Electrothermoplastic materials is better than that of 100% diffraction efficiency. This type of recorded
mentioned materials and their process is based on holograms can be erased by thermal treatment or
photoconduction and melting but their resolution is worse photoirradiation with a single writing beam. One can find
than them. Another erasable holographic material is another good paper reporting development of an updatable
Amorphous Chalcogenide which works with electronic holographic three-dimensional display in [51]. Zhu et al.
structure changes. This material has a good efficiency near have made a high-quality singlelayer panchromatic
80% but needs a high exposure that limits its performance. dichromated gelatin material for color holography [52].
Photorefractive polymers stand out as attractive candidates One can find nice pictures of computer generated
for updateable holographic displays. Their efficiency is holograms which have been made for 3D display in an
over 90% and they can be made in large-area formats. article by Hiroshi Yoshikawa et al. [53]. They have studied
Tsutsumi et al. have fabricated an updatable three- different types of computer generated holograms for 3D
dimensional holographic stereogram display device using displays including real-time holographic video displays. In
an organic monolithic compound which has the capability another paper Bjelkhagen et al. studied color holography to
of recording and displaying new images within a few produce highly realistic three-dimensional images [54]. A
seconds and fixing at ten seconds and viewing for a longer demonstration of a large-size real-time full-color three-
time without applying any electric field. [39, 40]. Ishii et al. dimensional display can be found here [55].Scientists have
have developed a real-time, dynamic holographic material been always trying to use an appropriate setup and a good
using a fast photochromic moleculethat exhibits rapid CCD or CMOS camera, with a suitable pixel pitch, to make
colouration upon irradiation with UV light and successive high resolution digital holograms [56, 57]. Pixel count is an
fast thermal bleaching within tens of milliseconds at room important factor in quality of holographic displays, and
temperature [41]. Using some of photorefractive crystals there have been always attempts to increase it [58]. In an
has enabled scientists to use the recording media to record a experimental research which has used a high resolution
new holographic image again, after recording and CMOS sensor, full-color compact lensless holographic
reconstructing the previous image. Lynn et al. have display has been evaluated [59]. The advantage of this
investigated the recent advances in photorefractive method is using a small and simple lensless optical setup.
holographic imaging [42]. Poly(4- In the mentioned paper the image finesse, color fidelity,
(diphenylamino)benzylacrylate)-based and poly(N- contrast ratio, and influence of speckles have been
vinylcarbazole)-based photorefractive composites have evaluated and compared with other techniques of
shown a good ability for dynamic holographic displays [43, holographic color image encoding. The speckle noise has
44]. Huang et al. have carried out a research on a novel always been an undesirable phenomenon in holograms.
wideband dry sensitive photopolymer which is appropriate Kang has proposed a simple and effective method to reduce
for multiwavelength recording in digital holography [45]. speckle noise in digital holography [60]. Other related
This photopolymer has been made from rose bengal and studies have been reported in [3, 61, 62].Zheng et al.
methylene blue. Their analyses show that the scattering proposed a method for high quality optoelectronic 3D
play an important role in the process of holographic holographic display using Fourier transform [63]. Fourier
recording and the scattering phenomenon may reduce the transform holography can well assure the precise
maximum diffraction efficiency in such holograms. An superposition of the reconstructed images. Zhao et al. have
attempt for optimization of diffraction efficiency can be used lensless Fourier transform holography technique [64].
found here [46]. In a research the performance of polyvinyl They have recorded three monochromatic digital holograms
with various wavelengths (namely, red, green, and blue) for nowadays, holographic 3D movies and pictures are
a color object using a monochrome CCD, and then they produced in a way that surprises the observer, it is predicted
concluded that the reconstructed monochromatic images that the quality of this science-art will be improved to an
should not only be identical in size but also be superposed extent that it will be impossible to distinguish
precisely in order to get an accurate digital color holographicimagesfromrealobjects.Anefforthasbeendone to
holographic image of a color object.Shimobaba et al. have a achieve three-dimensional television by electroholography
numerical study on color holographic projection and have [71]. A simple method of performing color
tried to avoid the superimposing of unwanted images on a electroholography has been proposed. In this method three
wanted image [65]. Scientists have always looked forward colored lightemitting diodes (red, green, and blue) as
to fast generation of digital 3D video holograms [66]. For reference lights were placed at the apexes of a small right-
real-time holographic video display, it is important to angled triangle. The well-known scientists, Yeh and Gu,
generate holographic fringes as fast as possible. It is also reviewed the current status of stereoscopic 3D displays and
important to display the true-color image with a simple discussed using flat panels for the display of both phase and
display system. A practical investigation on image intensity of video image information, leading to the
holograms for fast calculation and the display optics for ultimate display of 3D holographic video images [72]. ++
fullcolor holograms has been done [67]. In the mentioned
work the true-color hologram has been displayed on a
holographic video display system that uses part of the IV. CONCLUSION
original optics and liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) panels
of the conventional video projector to separate and combine We studied the recent improvements in creating three
color components. Alsothedevelopmentofawideviewing- dimensional images and videos by means of holographic
zone anglefull-color electronic holography reconstruction techniques. Holography has so many various applications
system using very high resolution liquid crystal display in different sciences. Due to the improvement of light
panels has been reported[68].Nowadays, most curators sources, optical elements, holographic plates, and the other
produce holographic 3D images from their valuables. It is holographic recording media, the quality of holographic
possible to copy these holographic plates without having images has been significantly improved. A report on
access to the main object. In a project named “bringing the creating and reconstructing of transmission red-sensitive
artifacts back to the people,” holograms of twelve different holograms has been provided. In what follows, this paper
artifacts were recorded using the singlebeam Denisyuk discusses the holographic projection technologies of the
colour reflection method. In this project white laser light future. Scientist predicts a very bright future for this
was produced from three combined cw RGB lasers: a red technology, and it is predicted that this science-art will find
krypton-ion laser, a green frequency-doubled Nd-YAG its way from exhibitions and laboratories to the everyday
laser, and an argon-ion laser and panchromatic ultra-fine life. The advantage is the real three-dimensional display
grain silver halide materials were used for the holographic without the use of any other viewing aids. Although,
recording. It is interesting to know that one of the recorded nowadays, holographic 3D movies and pictures are
artifacts included a 14,000-year-old decorated horse jaw produced in a way that the observer is surprised, it is
bone from the ice age, which is kept at British Museum in predicted that the quality of this science-art will be
London [69]. In many parts of the world, exhibitions are improved to an extent that it will be impossible to
held for the public to see the beautiful holographic images. distinguish holographic images from real objects.
These images are mostly reflective, because as already
stated reflective holograms are easily reconstructed by
means of the white light of small projectors, and it is not CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
necessary to use laser beam which is likely to damage The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests
human eyes. regarding the publication of this paper.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
III. FUTURE OF HOLOGRAPHY
The authors shall appreciate the comment by the
Lance Winslow has written a comprehensive book anonymous reviewer(s) and wish to thank Ms. Bahare
beautifully predicting the future of holographic projection Abbasi for English language assistance as well.
technologies [70]. Reading this book is recommended to all
interested people. These predictions include the application
of this technology in cell phones, television sets, computer
games, billboards, simulation, and education. Some other REFERENCES
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