CUERDA, GRACEL MAE B.

True or False

Directions: On the space provided before each item, write KIM when the statement is factual and
GRANT when it is erroneous.

KIM 1. Light passing through it are bended away from each other as if coming from a point is a convex
lens.

KIM 2. A lens is a transparent medium which either converge or diverge light rays passing through it to
form an image.

KIM 3. Coma is another form of spherical aberration but is concerned with the light rays entering the
lens obliquely.

KIM 4. A lens with distortion is incapable of rendering straight lines; either horizontal or vertical lines in
an object.

KIM 5. Astigmatism lessened by combining lenses of special kind of glass having the correct
combinations of spherical surfaces.

GRANT 6. When light passing through near the central part of a converging lens are bended more
sharply than those rays falling in the age, thus the rays coming from the edges are focused on a plane
nearer the lens than those coming from the central part.

KIM 7. Rapid rectilinear lens is a combination of two achromatic lens with almost the same focal length.
This is corrected from some kinds of lens defects but not on astigmatism.

GRANT 8. Born criminals, as explained by Lombroso, criminal behavior is inherited and criminals could
be identified by physical defects.

KIM 9. Achromatic lens which is partly corrected for chromatic aberration.

KIM 10. Light passing through it are bended toward each other on the other side of the lens meeting at
a point is a concave lens.
Activity 1: Draw the different types of camera lenses and write its advantages and disadvantages on the
space provided.

Types of Camera lenses

Advantages Disadvantages

1.
Activity 2: Write what type of camera lens defect and give its description and what type lens

according to degree of correction to correct the respective defect.Lens Defects

Description and lens according to degree of correction to correct the respective defect

1.Chromatic Different of Magnification- This defect is present when the size of image
produced by photographic rays of one wave length is different from the size produced by
another. Size of image increases as the wavelength of the rays decreases. In color
photography it produce a rainbow colored fringes around the edges of objects while black
and white photography it appears as a slight blue.

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2.Astigmatism

With this defect, a single point from a subject falling near the margin of the negative will be
imaged not as a point but as a two perpendicular sort lines, one of which is always be out of focus while
the other is sharp. This defects lessened by combining lenses of special kind of glass having the correct
combinations of spherical surfaces.

3.Chromatic Aberration

This defect is the inability of the lens to bring photographic rays of different
wavelengths to the same focus. Ultraviolet rays are bent the most while infrared rays are bent the least
when they pass through the lens. Visible light come to a focus at varying distances. This defect is
reduced by utilizing compound lenses made up of single lens made up of glass of different curvatures.
.

4. Distortion

A lens with distortion is incapable of rendering straight lines; either horizontal or vertical
lines in an object. This is caused by the placement of the diaphragm. If the diaphragm is placed in front
of the straight lines near the edges of the object tends to bulge outside. This is known as the barrel
distortion. If the diaphragm is placed behind of the lens, straight lines near the edges tends to bend
inward. This is known as the pin-cushion distortion. Distortion is remedied by placing the diaphragm in
between the lens component and the two opposite distortions will neutralize each other.

5. Curvature of Field

This kind of defect where the image formed by lens comes to a sharper focus in a curved
surface than a flat surface. The correction of this defect is similar to spherical and coma.
6.Coma

This is another form of spherical aberration but is concerned with the light rays entering the lens
obliquely. The defect is noticeable only on the outer edges and not on the central part of the lens. If a
lens has coma, circular objects reproduced at the corners of the negative are comet-like form. Just like
the spherical aberration, it is reduced by combinations of lenses of different curvatures.

ASSESSMENT

How important photographic lens in photography? Among the lens, which lens is the best when it comes
to quality output? Support your answer and write your answer on the space provided.
A camera without a lens is useless to a photographer. The lens is what focuses light from what you see
through the viewfinder into a tiny, (typically) 35mm spot on the back of your film, DSLR, or mirrorless
camera. If you remove the lens from your camera, the only kind of image you can produce is white
light.Each element affects the light as it passes through. With expensive lenses, the manufacturers go to
great lengths to use the highest quality techniques and materials to minimize any chromatic aberration,
distortion or vignetting from how the elements interact with the light as it passes through. Expensive
lenses also tend to be sharper across the entire image for the same reason. With cheaper lenses,
manufacturers can’t afford to invest as much money in materials or research. They try to do their best,
but compromises must be made, and image quality is one of the things that suffers.