G54 eLassricArion AND DWERSITY OF OKGANISNS 7 Phylum Onychophora 4 Perio Main features (0) Possess 2 mixture of annelid and arthropod features, thus providing ink BR between these two phyla. (a) Has thin flexible cuticle, muscular body wall and ciliated excretory organs (all aa annelid features). (3) Has haemocoel, reduced coclom, clawed limbs and tracheal system (all arthropod features) i Peripan: eaterpillar-ike, confined to damp places in certain parts ofthe southern inemisphere. Phylum Arthropoda Main features ° () Chitinous cuticle, hardened to varying degrees. (2) Jointed appendages (hence name of phylum). (3) Muscles attached to cuticle which therefore functions as an exoskeleton. (4) Cuticle shed periodically (moutting, eedysis) to allow for growth. (5) Body cavity is 2 blood-filled haemocoel, derived from the blastocoel. (6) Coclom much reduced. ) Mewmerie segmentation as in snnelids but segments not separated frosi each other by septa, definite in number, and showing varying degrees of specializa- tion. ( Some groups have a compound eye for vision. cate Dares in roe et Subphylum Mandibulata : “The head, which is usually distinet from the rest of the body, hears one or two pairs 4 a Gy ie of antennae and one pair of jaw-like mandibles. - UN osm Class CRUSTACEA (fo sami) . ‘Wide range of mainly aquatic arthropods held together by the fact that the eon antennae are on the second and third segments end the mandibles on the fourth segment. Dorsal side of body usvally protected. by a shield-like earapace, which is fan extension of the back of the head. Compound eyes present. Woodlowse Daphnia: ‘waterfie; laterally compressed carapace; antennae used for swim- ‘ming, limbs for filter-feeding, Bamacles: sessile, head attached to rocks etc. limbs used for Sher-feeding. Gammarus: common in streams and ponds; marine and freshwater; body com- pressed laterally Astacus: crayfish; extensive carapace; flexible abdomen. Lobsters, prawns and crabs are close relatives of Astacus caeeea ee Woodlouse: the only fully terrestrial crustacean with several aquatic or semi- aquatic relatives; body compressed dorso-ventrally Class CHILOPODA (centipedes) Body flattened dorso-ventrally; carnivorous with pair of poison elaws; 20 leg- = 1 bearing segments on average, one pair of legs per segment; simple eyes. 1 Lithobius: common garden centipede with eighteen pairs of leps. legs (fr er-fesing) Cray Class DIPLOPODA (millipedes) Body cylindrical; herbivorous, no poison clews; 70 leg-bearing sogments on average, two pairs of legs, per segments simple eyes. ulues comman garden milipede with shot 30 pairs of eas