The New Teacher 4 Assessing Learners 2nd Edition Myanmar For Web 0

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TNT
Katie Julian Gray Rinehart Marina Haikin

TNT
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oifëd; twGJ (4) - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;
Katie Julian Gray Rinehart Marina Haikin
ပုံနှိပ်တိုက်အမည်
ဦးထိန်လင်း World Wide ပုံနှိပ်တိုက် (မြဲ - ၀၁၁၂၈)

အမှတ် ၄၀ ၊ ၅၃ လမ်း (အလယ်ဘလောက်) ၊
(၂) ရပ်ကွက် ၊ ပုဇွန်တောင်မြို့နယ် ၊ ရန်ကုန်မြို့။
ထုတ်ဝေသူ
ဦးအောင်မြတ်စိုး
စာပေတိုက်အမည်
မုခ်ဦးစာပေ
အမှတ် (105-A) ၊ ရတနာမြိုင်လမ်း ၊ ရတနာမြိုင်အိမ်ယာ ၊

အမှတ် (၁) ရပ်ကွက် ၊ ကမာရွတ်မြို့နယ် ၊ ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး။
ဖုန်း - ၀၉ ၇၉၀ ၇၈၃ ၃၆၄ ၊ ၀၉ ၄၀၄ ၀၆၀ ၉၃၁
ပုံနှိပ်မှတ်တမ်း
ထုတ်ဝေခြင်းလုပ်ငန်း အသိအမှတ်ပြု လက်မှတ်အမှတ် - ၀၁၉၄၇
ပုံနှိပ်ခြင်း
ပထမအကြိမ် ၊ အုပ်ရေ ၅၀၀
ဇူလိုင်လ ၊ ၂၀၂၃ ခုနှစ်
တန်ဖိုး - ၇၅၀၀ ကျပ်
371.1
ကေတီ ဂျူလီယန် ၊ ဂရေး ရိုင်းဟတ် ၊ မာရီနာ ဟိုင်ကင်း
ခေတ်သစ်ဆရာ ၊ သင်ရိုးအတွဲ (၄) - သင်ယူမှု အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း
ကေတီ ဂျူလီယန် ၊ ဂရေး ရိုင်းဟတ် ၊ မာရီနာ ဟိုင်ကင်း
ရန်ကုန် ၊ မုခ်ဦးစာအုပ်တိုက် ၊ ၂၀၂၃။
၁၄၅ စာ ၊ ၃၀ စင်တီမီတာ/
မူရင်းအမည် - ခေတ်သစ်ဆရာ ၊ သင်ရိုးအတွဲ (၄) - သင်ယူမှု အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း
(၁) ကေတီ ဂျူလီယန် ၊ ဂရေး ရိုင်းဟတ် ၊ မာရီနာ ဟိုင်ကင်း
(၂) ခေတ်သစ်ဆရာ ၊ သင်ရိုးအတွဲ (၄) - သင်ယူမှု အကဲဖြတ်ခြင်း
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acwfopfq&mpmtkyfukd toHk;jyKenf; 3
tmqD,HwwfuRrf;rI owfrSwfcsufrsm; 4
jrefrmq&mrsm;twGuf wwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf tnTef;abmif 5
1 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf; 6
1.1 tb,faMumifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfoenf; 8
1.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jyKvkyfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm; 12
1.3 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ 0daoorsm; 17
2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm; 26
2.1 vufawGUusrI 28
2.2 ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI 31
2.3 usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI 36
2.4 vufawGUusjcif;? ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;ESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIwdkYukd aygif;pyfjcif; 42
3 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm; 48
3.1 tuJjzwfqef;ppfenf; 50
3.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsKd;tpm;rsm; 54
3.3 tydwfvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm; 58
3.4 tzGifhvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm; 66
4 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf ar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;jcif; 84
4.1 ya&m*sufrsm;ukd tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; 86
4.2 tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; 91
4.3 yl;aygif;yg0ifrIukd tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh jyefvSefoHk;oyfjcif; 95
4.4 pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;jyKpkjcif; 100
5 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; pepfrsm; 110
5.1 pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm; 112
5.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepf tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIukd 115
EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfjcif;
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ar;cGef;vTm 120
twef;qkH; ya&m*suf - oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsufwpf&yf pDpOfzefwD;jcif; 124
aemufqufwGJ 1 - tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;ykHpH 126
aemufqufwGJ 2 - oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;pepfykHpH 127
tajzrsm; 128
tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;
oif½dk;ESifh oif½dk;pmtkyfwGJyg taMumif;t&me,fy,fESifh t"du t,ltqrsm;
þpmtkyfonf acwfopfq&m pmtkyfwGJ ('kwd,tBudrfwnf;jzwfcsuf) rS pwkw¬ajrmuf oif½dk;pmtkyfjzpfygonf/ oif½dk;pmtkyf
wpftkyfpDonf oifMum;jcif; puf0ef; tqifhig;qifhrS tqifh wpfqifhcsif;pDudk txl;jyKwifjyxm;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ puf0ef;tqifh
ig;qifhrSm (vdktyfcsufrsm; azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;? tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? oifMum;jcif;? oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh oifMum;rI
qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;wdkY jzpfMuonf/)
pwkw¬ajrmuf pmtkyfwGJonf oifMum;a&;puf0ef;tqifhrS pwkw¬tqifhudk txl;jyKxm;onf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;jzpfonf/
ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;\ oif,lrIudk rnfonfh enf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;okH;pGJNyD; wdkif;wmEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; wifjyxm;onf/
tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf trsdK;tpm;rsm;? yg0ifonfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;? tuJjzwfjcif; avhusifhcef; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ponfh enf;vrf;
trsdK;rsdK;udk pDpOfa&;qGJNyD; oif,lolrsm;\ todESifh twwfwdkYudk rnfodkY xda&mufpGm wdkif;wmEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; wifjyxm;ygonf/
oif½dk;trSwf (4) wGif atmufygacgif;pOfrsm; yg0ifygonf/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk q&m q&mrrsm; tokH;jyKEdkifykH/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ t"durlabmif okH;&yf/
∙ tzGifh^tydwfvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk qDavsmfpGm ykHpHxkwf pDpOfjcif;/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf trsdK;rsdK;udk trSwfay; pnf;rsOf;rsm;qGJjcif;/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufpepfrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;/
oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
tod twwf jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
(avhusihfcef;rsm;) (vkyfief;pOfrsm;) (jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;)
þarmf*sL;wGif atmufyg þarmf*sL;wGif atmufyg þarmf*sL;wGif atmufyg
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfrI taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vkyfEkdifpGrf; taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vkyfEkdifpGrf;
ydkrdkjrihfwufvmygrnf/ wdk;wufvmygvdrfhrnf/ wdk;wufvmygvdrfhrnf/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;qdkif&m ∙ oifMum;oif,lrIjzpfpOfwGif ppfaq;
taMumif;ESihf vkyfaqmifyHk/ &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;udk azmfxkwfjcif;/ tuJjzwfjcif;\ tcef;u@/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ∙ tm;xm;&aom? qDavsmfaom? vufawGU ∙ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;wGif
trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESihf &nf&G,fcsufrsm;/ usaom ppfaq;csufrsm; a&;qGJjcif;/ tm;xm;&aom qDavsmfrI? vufawGUusrI
∙ tm;xm;&aom qDavsmfaom? vufawGU ∙ oif,lrI&nf&G,fcsufESihf udkufnDaom wdkY\ ta&;ygykH/
usaom tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;/ ppfaq;csufrsm; a&;om;jcif;/ ∙ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESihf ppfaq;
∙ tuJjzwfvkyfief;pOfrsm;ESihf oif,lrI ∙ trSwfay;Z,m;rsm; jyifqifjcif;/ tuJjzwfrIwdkY qufpyfykH/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm; qufpyfykH/ ∙ ya&m*sufrsm;? tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;rsm;? ∙ &v'fESihf vkyfief;pOfwdkYudk tuJjzwfjcif;/
∙ trSwfay;Z,m; (rubric) rsm; a&;qGJ yg0ifrIESihf okH;oyfrIwdkYudk trSwfay;jcif;/ ∙ trSwfay;pepfESihf trSwfay;
wnfaqmufykH tajccHpnf;rsOf;rsm;/ ∙ tzGihfar;cGef;ESihf tydwfar;cGef;rsm; Z,m;uGufrsm;\ tusdK;rsm;/
∙ ya&m*sufrsm;? tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;rsm;? a&;om;jcif;/ ∙ qDavsmfudkufnDaom ppfaq;
yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESihf okH;oyfqifjcifrIudk ∙ ppfaq;csuf ar;cGef;rsm;a&;&mwGif tuJjzwfjcif; tpDtpOfwpfck\
trSwfay;ykH/ awGU&aom jyóemrsm;udk tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;/
∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;onhf tzGihfar;cGef;ESihf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;/ ∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; pepfrsm;ESihf
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;/ ∙ ppfaq;csufwpfck a&;om;jyKpkjcif;/ yg0ifaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;\
∙ pmar;yGJar;cGef;ESihfqdkifaom ∙ pOfqufrjywf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;ESihf wefzdk;rsm;/
jzpfwwfonhf jyóemrsm;/ rSwfwrf;pepfrsm;/
∙ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;/ ∙ ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; pepfwpfckwGif
∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; pepfrsm;ESihf yg0ifaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk ykHpH
yg0ifaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;/ a&;qGJjcif;ESihf tav;wifcGJjcm;jcif;/
2 acwfopfq&m
acwftoHok;jyKenf
pfq; &m pmtkyfukd
þpmtkyf\ &nf&G,fcsufrSm oif,lol A[kdjyKoifMum;rIudk atmifjrifpGm toHk;csEkdifaom oifMum;a&;uRrf;usifolrsm;
jzpfvm&ef ta&;ygvkdtyfaom oifMum;a&; A[kokwrsm; uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk avhusihfwnfaqmuf&efjzpfonf/
þpmtkyfxJwGifygaom oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk em;vnf&efESifh oif,lrI enf;vrf;rsm;udk em;vnfatmif þrdwfquf
pmrsufESmu axmufulrnfjzpfonf/
tcef;wpfcef;pDwGif atmufygwkYd yg0ifonf -

t"dua0g[m&rsm;ESifh pum;pkrsm; - ¤if;wdkYonf ynm&yfqdkif&m trsdK;rsdK;wkdYESifh ukdufnDatmif jyifqifjcif;? tpDtpOfcsjcif;ESifh
pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfNyD; þarmf*sL;udk em;vnf&ef ta&;BuD;aom jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;wkdY yg0ifonf/ tcsdKUvkyfief;pOfrsm;\
t&mrsm; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYtm;vkH;udk tvGwfusuf&ef tajzrsm;udk pmtkyfaemufqHk;ykdif;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
rvdkyg/ xdkpum;vkH;rsm;udk pmvkH;txltrJrsm;jzifh trSwftom; tcsdKUtcef;rsm;wGif jzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm; yg0ifygonf/
jyKxm;onfudk pmzwf&if;awGUEdkifygonf/ a'oEÅ&tqifh? a'owGif;tqifh? EdkifiHwumtqifhjzpf&yf
tBudKoifcef;pm - tydkif;tm;vHk;onf tBudKoifcef;pm wpfpkHwpfckudk azmfjya&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ oufqdkif&m
vkyfief;wpfckESifh pwifygonf/ xkdokdY pwif&mwGif t"du tcef;yg taMumif;t&mwpfckckudk o½kyfjy&Sif;vif;&eftwGuf
taMumif;t&mudk pwifpOf;pm;rdap&ef? aqG;aEG;ap&efESifh a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ xdkjzpf&yfavhvmcsufrsm;tNyD;wGif
aemufcHA[kokwrsm;udk azmfxkwftoHk;jyKapjcif;rsm; em;vnfrIppfaq;aom ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;csuf ar;cGef;rsm;
jyKvkyfonf/ tcsdKUaom tBudKoifcef;pmrsm;\ tajzrsm;udk yg0iffygonf/
pmtkyfaemufqHk;ykdif;wGif azmfjyay;xm;ygonf/ aqG;aEG;csufvkyfief;pOfrsm;vnf; xnhfoGif;xm;NyD; oif,lolrsm;
avhusihfcef;rsm;onf xkdtydkif;\ t"dut,ltqrsm;tay: u þpmtkyfyg taMumif;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;ajymqdk&ef? xyfrH
em;vnfoabmaygufrIudk ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdavhusihfcef; pOf;pm;qifjcif&ef tcGihftvrf;tjzpf pDpOfxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
rsm;aMumifh pmtkyfyg t,ltqrsm;udk ykdrkdem;vnfvmapNyD; jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;tydkif;wGif rdrd\ ukd,fykdifoifMum;
rdrdESifh oufqkdif&m oifMum;a&;yHkpHtoD;oD;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefpGm oif,ljcif; tavhtxrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfpOf;pm;aponf/
toHk;csvmEdkifaponf/ tcsdKUaom avhusihfcef;rsm;\ jyifqifjcif; - xkdjyifqifrIudk oifMum;jcif;ESifh xkdoifMum;jcif;rS
tajzrsm;udk pmtkyfaemufqHk;ykdif;wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ od&Sd&onfwkdYukd toHk;jyKNyD; xyfrHjyifqifjcif;[laom jzpfpOf
vkyfief;pOfrsm;rSmrl oif,lol A[kdjyKoifMum;a&; tqihfqihfudk oif,lol A[kdjyKoifMum;a&;azmfaqmif&ef toHk;
enf;vrf;aumif;rsm; vkyfEkdif&eftwGuf vkdtyfaom jyK&rnf[laom tawG;rSvmjcif;vnf;jzpfonf/ qifjcifoHk;oyf
uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk avhusihfjr§ihfwifEkdifa&; jyifqifxm;onf/ csufrsm;u pmtkyfrS&vmaom tod? twwfrsm;udk pmoifcef;
xkdokdY jyifqifay;&mwGif oifMum;a&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk twGif;wGif rnfokdY toHk;csEkdifrnfukd tm½Hkpkdufxm;onf/
oif,loltrsdK;rsdK;? oifwef;yHkpHtrsdK;rsdK;? oifwef;t&G,ftpm; tusOf;csKyfu xdktydkif;\ t"dut,ltqudk jyefvnfNcHKiHk
rSwfrdaponf/
þarmf*sL; rwdkifrDESifh armf*sL; tNyD;wGif . . .
oifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rIrsm;udk zwf½INyD; þarmf*sL;yg odkYr[kwf rdrd\ oifwef;om;rsm;\ twwfynmzGHUNzdK;rItwGuf
taMumif;t&mrsm;onf jrefrmEdkifiHESifh tmqD,HwdkYu toD;oD; toHk;t0ifqHk;jzpfrnfudk nTefjyEkdifonf/
owfrSwfxm;Muaom wwfuRrf;rI rlabmifrsm;ESifh rnfodkY ¤if;wdkYonf þoifwef;pmtkyftwGufESihf tem*wfoifwef;wdkY
udkufnDtH0ifrI&SdaMumif; avhvmyg/ twGuf a&wdkESihf a&&Snfyef;wdkifrsm; wnfaxmif&ef oifhudk
tcef;wpfcef;pDtwGuf tqifoihfjyifonfhtaejzifh ulnDygvdrhfrnf/
taMumif;t&me,fy,fESifh t"du t,ltqtaMumif;udk zwfyg/ þarmf*sL;tqkH;ydkif;wGif tajztydkif;wpfck yg0ifygonf/
oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkMunfhNyD; OD;wnfxm;onfh xdktydkif;wGif avhusifhcef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf
A[kokwod&SdrI? avhusihf&rnfh uRrf;usifrIESifh vufawGUwGif tajzrsm;? erlemtajzrsm; yg0ifonf/ tcsdKUar;cGef;rsm;rSm
jyefvnftoHk;cs&ef pOf;pm;csdefn§drIrsm;taMumif;udk zwfyg/ rdrdudk,fydkiftawGUtBuHK xifjrifcsufjzifh ajz&rnfht&mrsm;
xkd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ukd zwfNyD; rnfonfhtydkif;u rdrdtwGuf jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYtm;vkH;twGuf tajzay;xm;jcif; r&Sdyg/
tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 3

tmqD,HwwfuRrf;rI owfrSwfcsufrsm;
tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;wGif tokH;jyKaeaom pHEIef;rsm;udk o[Zmwjzpfatmif? tjyeftvSef taxmuftuljyKrIjzpfatmifESifh
owfrSwfcsufxm; wdkif;wmEdkifatmif ta&SUawmiftm&S q&m^rrsm;twGuf tmqD,HoifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rIrlabmifudk
a&;om;jyKpkxm;Muygonf/ oifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rI rlabmifqdkonfrSm t&nftaoG;jynfh0aom oifMum;rIt"dyÜm,fudk
oabmwlowfrSwfxm;aom owfrSwfcsuftjzpf trsm;,lqMuygonf/
]]pmoifcef;wdkif;wGif t&nftaoG;jynfh0aom q&m^rrsm; xm;&Sda&;qdkonfrSm EdkifiHt&yf&yf&Sd ynma&;0efBuD;Xmersm;
jynfhajrmufvdkaom &nf&G,fcsufwpf&yfjzpfygonf/ odkYaomf q&m^rrsm; rnfonfht&mrsm;od&Sd&ef? vkyfaqmif&ef
vdktyfaMumif; ydkrdkxda&mufaom q&m^rrsm; jzpfvm&eftwGuf rnfonfhtwdkif;twmtxd aqmif&Guf&ef
vdktyfaMumif; ydkrdkwdus&Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfxm;&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/ t&nftaoG;jynfh0aom oifMum;rIudk
tmqD,HoifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rI rlabmif&Sdjcif;tm;jzifh zGifhqdkowfrSwfEdkifygonf/}}
http://www.seameo-innotech.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/PolRes_TeachingCompetencyStandardsInSEA.pdf rS
xkwfEkwfwifjyonf/
1/ wwfajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;

ASEAN H1 : pmar;yGJppfaq;jcif; (testing) ? oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (assessment) ESifh oHk;oyfcsuf (evaluation)
qdkif&m todA[kokwrsm; od&Sdwwfajrmufjcif;/
2/ oif,lrIppfaq;jcif;\ tajccHrlrsm;
ASEAN H1: pmar;yGJppfaq;jcif; (testing) ? oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (assessment) ESifh oHk;oyfcsuf (evaluation)
3/ oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;pOf trsdK;tpm;rsm;

ASEAN H1: pmar;yGJppfaq;jcif; (testing) ? oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (assessment) ESifh oHk;oyfcsuf (evaluation)
ASEAN H2: oifMum;pOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;/
ASEAN H3: oifhavsmfaom oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; enf;vrf;rsm;tokH;jyKum ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;\ oif,lrIudk
ppfaq;jcif;/
4/ oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm; zefwD;jcif;

ASEAN B4: ausmif;om;rsm;\ yg0ifrIESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk jr§ifhwifjcif;/
ASEAN H1: pmar;yGJppfaq;jcif; (testing) ? oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (assessment) ESifh
oHk;oyfcsuf (evaluation) qdkif&m todA[kokwrsm; od&Sdwwfajrmufjcif;/
ASEAN H2: oifMum;pOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;/
ASEAN H3: oifhavsmfaom oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; enf;vrf;rsm;tokH;jyKum ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;\ oif,lrIudk
ppfaq;jcif;/
ASEAN H4: tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;&v'frsm;udk toHk;csjcif;/
4 acwfopfq&m
jrefrmq&mrsm;twGuf wwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf t¸ef;abmif
jrefrm q&m^q&mr rsm;twGuf oifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rI rlabmifudk ynma&; t&nftaoG; jr§ifhwifa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh
tnD a&;qGJvsuf&Sdonf/ ynma&; pepfwpfckudk tqifhjr§ifhwif&ef todynm? uRrf;usifrIESifh pHEIef;wefzdk;rsm; usifhokH;NyD;
xda&mufaom oifMum;a&; vkyfaqmifEdkifonfhq&mrsm; vdktyfonf[lonfhtcsufudk todtrSwfjyKí a&;qGJaejcif;vnf;
jzpfonf/
]jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (vkyfief;cGiftBudKESifh pOfqufrjywf oif,lrGrf;rHjcif; yg0ifaom q&mtwwfoifynma&;wpf&yf
cdkifrmpGm vdktyfygonf/ ¤if;wGif oabmw&m;a&;&m tajccHrsm; cdkifrmpGm &Sdxm;aom q&m twwfoifbGJU&rsm;ESifh
t&nftaoG;jrifh q&m^q&mrrsm; arG;xkwfEdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf/ ¤if;wdkYwGif ynm&Sifqefaom todynm? twwfynmrsm;
uRrf;usif&&Sdxm;NyD; jrefrmEdkifiHrS q&m^q&mrrsm;\ oifMum;a&;vkyfief;pOf t&yf&yfwGif vdktyfaom tcef;u@ESifh
wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;&Sd&ef &nfrSef;xm;ygonf/}}
jrefrmq&mrsm;twGuf wwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf tnTef;abmif (TCSF)? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme? 2020 jynfhESpf? pufwifbmv/
https://lib.mmteacherplatform.net/en/resource/teacher-competency-standards-framework-tcsf
atmufygwdkYrSm q&mwwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuftnTef;abmifwGif jy|mef;xm;onfh vkyfief;cGiftBudK

q&m^rrsm;twGuf wwfuRrf;rIpHrsm;ESifh tedrfhqkH;t&nftaoG; owfrSwfcsufrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
1/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; qdkonfrSm
wwfuRrf;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf (u-4) oif½dk;nTef;wrf;taMumif;odonf/
∙ (u) (4.1) tajccHynmoif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh oif½dk;zGJUpnf;ykH? taMumif;t&mESifh arQmfrSef;xm;aom
oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufaMumif;jyoonf/
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrlabmifrsm;

wwfuRrf;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf (u-4) oif½dk;nTef;wrf;taMumif;odonf/
∙ (u) (4.1) tajccHynmoif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh oif½dk;zGJUpnf;ykH? taMumif;t&mESifh arQmfrSef;xm;aom
oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufaMumif; jyoonf/
3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;

wwfuRrf;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf (c-2) ausmif;om;rsm;\oif,lrIudk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;? avhvmBuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHjcif;
∙ (c) (1.2) oifMum;? oif,lrIwGif ynma&;qdkif&m enf;ynmrsm;ESifh enf;AsL[mtrsdK;rsdK;udk tokH;jyK oifMum;EdkifpGrf;
&SdaMumif;jyonf/
4/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsufrsm; zefwD;jcif;

wwfuRrf;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf (c-2) ausmif;om;rsm;\oif,lrIudk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;? avhvmBuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHjcif;
∙ (c) (1.2) oifMum;? oif,lrIwGif ynma&;qdkif&m enf;ynmrsm;ESifh enf;AsL[mtrsdK;rsdK;udk tokH;jyKoifMum; EdkifpGrf;
&SdaMumif;jyonf/
5/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; pepfrsm;

wwfuRrf;rIpo
H wfrw
S cf suf (c-2) ausmif;om;rsm;\ oif,rl u
I kd ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;? avhvmBuD;Muyfjcif;ESihf tpD&ifcjH cif;
∙ (c) (2.2) ppfaq;tuJjzwfrIrSwfwrf; (tao;pdwf) xm;&SdNyD; xdkppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS&&Sdaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
udk ausmif;om;rsm; oif,lrIwdk;wufa&;twGuf vrf;nTefozG,f tokH;jyKEdkifaom pGrf;&nf&SdaMumif;jyonf/

6 acwfopfq&m
1 oif , l rI tuJjzwfqef;ppf j cif ;
qd k o nf r S m tb,f e nf ;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^q&mrrsm; oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk teuft"dyÜm,f
zGifhwwfap&ef/
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^q&mrrsm;
oifMum;pOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh
(oifMum;oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;) ESifh oifMum;NyD; tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif; (oifMum;oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;) wdkYudk cGJjcm;wwfap&ef/
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^q&mrrsm; oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; &nf&G,fcsufESifh
trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk avhvmazmfxkwfwwfap&ef/

1.1 tb,faMumifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfoenf;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u oifMum;rIpuf0ef;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ vdktyfcsu

fxkw
f; faz
1/ þpmtkyfwGif oifMum;rIpuf0ef;rS fjci mfjc
rnfonfh tqifhtaMumif;udk w
if;
Jj z
u
a&;om;azmfjyxm;oenf;/
yft
2/ xdktqihfonf oifMum;rIpuf0ef;rS
oHk;o
tjcm;tqifhrsm;ESifh rnfodkY
oifMum;rI
tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
qufpyfrI &Sdygoenf;/
oif,lrI t
puf0ef;
uJjz
w
ef;p
fq
pfjc f;
if; m;j ci
oifMu
avYusifYcef;
c atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk (u) (c)

wGJzufwpfOD;ESifhtwl ajzyg/ f qef;ppfjcif; faq
;jcif;
Jjzw GJ pp
u
r;y
It
1/ pmar;yGJ ppfaq;jcif;ESifh
pm a
oif,lr
oif,lrI tuJjzwf
pmar;yGJ oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;wdkYrSm ppfaq;jcif; qef;ppfjcif;
]rnfodkY uGJjym;Mu
oenf;/}
2/ atmufazmfjyyg (*) (C)
o½kyfazmfyHkrsm;rS
rnfonfh o½kyfazmfyHk
onf pmar;yGJ
ppfaq;jcif;ESifh oif,lrI pmar;yGJ
oif,lrI oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;
tuJjzwf
tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif; ppfaq;jcif; qef;ppfjcif; pmar;yGJ ppfaq;jcif;
wdkY\ qufpyfrIudk
trSefuefqHk; o½kyfazmf
Edkifoenf;/
8 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
* atmufygZ,m;uGufwGif tzGJUvdkufjznfhyg/
1/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí odvdkaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk Z,m;uGufxJwGif a&;csyg/
2/ ¤if;ar;cGef;\ tajzrsm;udk a&;csyg/
3/ tzGJUvdkuf&xm;onfh tajzrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfMu&rnf/
ar;cGef;rsm; tajzrsm;
b,ft&m - rnfonfht&mrsm;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; - ausmif;om;rsm; rnfrQ pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdaMumif;/
jyKvkyfoenf;/ - oif½dk;wpfcktwGif; rnfrQ wwfajrmufNyD;aMumif;/
u/ yg0ifywfoufol
c/ tcsdef
- ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; rnfrQoif,l wwfajrmufNyD;aMumif;
*/ taMumif;jycsuf azmfxkwf&ef/
C/ enf;vrf;
vkyfief;pOf
C rdrdtaejzifh rnfonfhtcgrsm;wGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfoenf;/ rdrdESifhqdkifaom
tajctaersm;udk trSwfjcpfyg/
1/ _____ oifMum;aeaom oifcef;pm taMumif;t&mrsm;ud
t&mrsm; k oif,lolrsm; em;vnf^rvnfod&ef/
2/ _____ oif,lolrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ tqihfESifh oihfawmfaom twef;rsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;&ef/
3/ _____ rnfonhf acgif;pOfrsm;udk oif&rnfjzpfaMumif;? rnfonhfbmompum;ESifh oif&rnfjzpfaMumif;?
rnfrQvG,faom cufaomtqihfwGif oifoihfaMumif; &SmazGazmfxkwf&ef/
4/ _____ oifwef;\ xda&mufrIudkod&ef/
5/ _____ rMumrDprnhf rdrd\oifwef;wGif wufa&muf&eftwGuf oifwef;om;a&G;&ef/
6/ _____ oif,lolrsm;\ IELTS pmar;yGJ&rSwftm; cefYrSef;Edkif&ef/
7/ _____ oif,lolrsm; wuúodkvf0ifcGihf atmifEdkifajc&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&ef/
8/ _____ oif,lolrsm;\ A[kokwESifh uRrf;usifrIqdkif&m tm;enf;csufrsm;tm; owfrSwfazmfxkwf&ef/
9/ _____ tcef; 4 udk roifrD ausmif;om;rsm; tcef; 3 udk tjynhft0 em;vnfrI&Sd^r&Sd azmfxkwf&ef/
10/ _____ oif,lolrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nftqifhrsm;udk cGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkif&ef pGrf;aqmif&nftjrifh?
pGrf;aqmif&nf tv,ftvwfESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfedrfh[lí tqihfowfrSwfEdkif&ef/
11/ _____ ydktqihfjrihfaom oiff½dk;wpfckudk ausmif;om;rsm;oif,l&ef tqifoihfjzpf^rjzpf avhvmqef;ppf&ef/
12/ _____ oif,lolrsm;xJrS ynmoifqk&Edkifrnhfolrsm;udk a&G;cs,f&ef/
13/ _____ oif,lolrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfwdk;wuf&eftwGuf rdrd\ pmoifMum;rIykHpHrsm; rnfodkYajymif;&rnfudk
azmfxkwfod&SdEdkif&ef/

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
ESifY
oifMum;jcif; puf0ef;
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk oifMum;jcif;puf0ef; tpDtpOftwdkif; oifMum;jcif;ESifh tpDtpOftwdkif;
wpfavQmufvkH;wGifokH;onf/ oifwef;opfwpfwef; wwfajrmufrI&Sd^r&Sd avhvmtuJjzwfjcif;wdkYonf
pwifwufa&mufcsdefwGif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ qDavsmftH0ifrI&Sd&rnf/ wpfckESifhwpfck qefYusifaejcif;
oif,lrItqihfudk owfrSwfazmfxkwf&ef oif,lrI r&Sdap&yg/
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk oifMum;jcif;rwdkifcif
Assessment ESifh Evaluation udk vlwdkY a&maxG;rSwfom;
vdktyfcsufrsm; azmfxkwfjcif;tqihfwGifokH;onf/
oif,lolrsm;\ od&Sdem;vnfNyD;xm;aomt&mrsm;? wwfMuNyD; t"dyÜm,fwloa,mifvnf; zvS,fokH;pGJ
¤if;wdkY&&Sd uRrf;usifxm;NyD;aomt&mrsm;? ¤if;wdkYodzdkY ajymqdkwwfMuonf/ acwfopfq&m pmtkyfwGJwGif
vdkonfht&mrsm;ESihf pdwf0ifpm;onfht&mrsm;? ¤if;wdkY assessment [k qdkygu ]oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;}
þoifwef;rS vdkvm;arQmfvifhaomt&mrsm;udk &SmazG [k bmomjyefNyD; ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;\ oif,lrI
azmfxkwfod&Sd&efjzpfonf/ udk ppfaq;jcif;[lonfh t"dyÜm,fESifh okH;xm;onf/
evaluation qdkygu ]oifMum;rI jyefvnfokH;oyf
¤if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf q&m^q&mrrsm; oifwef; qef;ppfjcif;} [k bmomjyefqdkum q&m q&mrrsm;\
tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh aeYpOfoifcef;pm jyifqifjcif; oifMum;rIESifh oifMum;&ef tpDtpOf jyifqifrI
wdkYtwGuf taxmuftuljyKonf/ t&nftaoG;udk jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;[lonfh t"dyÜm,f
q&m^q&mrrsm;taejzihf oifMum;jcif; jyKvkyfaeonhf ESifh okH;pGJxm;ygonf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;a&m
wpfavQmuf rdrd\ oif,lolrsm; rnfrQ oif,l oifMum;rI jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;uyg q&m q&mrrsm;
wwfajrmufNyD;onfudkod&ef BudK;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ aemiftcg oifMum;rI ydkrdkaumif;rGefap&ef odoifhonfh
xdkodkY BudK;pm;avhvmjcif;onf oifMum;jcif;tqihf tcsuftvufrsm; ay;Edkifaom aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
rwdkifrDESifh oifMum;aecsdefwGif ay:ayguf&rnfjzpfonf/ jzpfygonf/
ausmif;om;rsm; rnfonfwdkYudk atmifjrifpGm avhvm þoif½dk;pmtkyfwGJ (armf*sL; 4) u oif,lrI tuJjzwf
oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;NyD jzpfaMumif;ESifh xdkwwfajrmufrI qef;ppfjcif;udk jyoNyD; armf*sL; 5 wGif oifMum;rI
rsm;onf oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESsm; ifh udkufnDrI&Sd^r&Sdudk jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;udk avhvmEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/
avhvm&rnfjzpfonf/ tpDtpOfBudKwifa&;qGJjcif;?
10 acwfopfq&m
avYusifYcef;
i atmufazmfjycsufrsm;udk rSm;^rSef cGJjcm;yg/ rSm;onfqdkygu tajzrSefudk a&;csyg/
1/ oif,lolrsm; rnfrQ oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;NyDudk oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfjcif;tm;jzihf
odEdkifonf/
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oifcef;pm jyifqifjcif;wdkYonf wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfrI
r&SdMuyg/
3/ oif,rl I tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;tqifo
h nf tjcm;oifMum;a&; puf0ef;tqihrf sm;ukd taxmuftyHjh yKEdik o f nf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
p atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ q&m^q&mr wpfa,muftaejzifh rdrd\ oif,lolrsm; rdrdoifMum;NyD;aom oifcef;pmrS rnfrQ oif,l
wwfajrmufNyD;NyDudk ppfaq;zl;ygovm;/ ppfaq;&mwGif rnfodkY rnfykH ppfaq;cJhygoenf;/ xdkppfaq;rIrS
rnfonfwdkYudk oifcef;pm&&SdcJhoenf;/ ppfaq;&onfrSm tqifajycJhygovm;/ rdrd\ oifMum;a&;tvkyfudk
xdkppfaq;csufu taxmuftuljyKcJhygovm;/
2/ rdrdi,fpOf ausmif;wufpOfu oifMum;NyD;aom oifcef;pmrsm;rS rdrdrnfrQ oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;NyDudk
ppfaq;csifaomtcg q&m^q&mru rnfodkY ppfaq;cJhygoenf;/ q&mu bmvkyfcJhoenf;/ rdrdu bmvkyfcJhyg
oenf;/
The New Teacher 4

1. 2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jyKvkyfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u atmufyg oif,lrItuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; trsKd;tpm;rsm;\ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkYjzpfaMumif; rSef;qyg/
xdkYaemuf atmufazmfjyyg pmydk'frsm;udk zwfyg/ rdrdawG;xm;aom tajzESifh udkufnDrI&Sdygovm;/
ae&m wdk;wufrI
tm;enf;csuf owfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;
ppfaq;jcif; ppfaq;jcif;
atmifjrif
0ifcGihf aygufajrmufrI
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; toHk;jyKenf;rsm;
0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif; (ENTRANCE) udk oifwef;wpfckrpcif oif,lolrsm;udk a&G;cs,f&müokH;onf/

0ifcGihfpmar;yGJudk oifwef;wpfck\ tpü jyKvkyfavh&SdNyD; oif,lolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufudk owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif;
tqihfvnf;jzpfonf/
oif,lolrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ oif,lrItqihfESifh oihfawmfaom twef;rsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;&ef

ppfaq;&mü ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif; (PLACEMENT) udk okH;NyD; oif,lolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufudk
owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif; tqihfvnf;jzpfonf/
oif,lolrsm;\ pmoifcef;twGif; tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufrsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf&müvnf;aumif;

oifcef;pmtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk qkH;jzwf&müvnf;aumif; tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif; (DIAGNOSTIC) udk
okH;onf/
12 acwfopfq&m
rdrd\ oif,lolrsm; rdrdoifMum;NyD;aom oifcef;pmrS rnfrQ oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;NyDudk ppfaq;&mü
wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; (PROGRESS TEST) udk okH;onf/ ykHrSefÓPfprf;tpDtpOfrsm;? &uftvdkuf^
tywfpOftvdkuf ykHrSeftdrfpm vkyfief;pOfrsm;ay;jcif;wdkY&SdEdkifonf/
atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif; (Achievement Test) u oif½dk;wpfcktwGif; (pmoifESpf0uftwGif;?

oif½dk;umvtwGif;? pmoifESpftwGif;) oifMum;xm;onfrsm;udk ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm; rnfrQ
wwfajrmuf&&SdaMumif; ppfaq;onf/ twef;wif &rSwf? pmoifESpf0uf &rSwfrsm;twGuf ppfaq;aom
ppfaq;csufvnf; jzpfEdkifovdk ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;udk atmif½IH; qkH;jzwfjcif;rsm; aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf
ppfaq;csufvnf; jzpfEdkifygonf/
&Hzef&HcgwGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;vnf; &SdEdkifonf/ Oyrm -

q&mwpfOD;onf ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif; (Placement Test) wpfckrS &v'frsm;udkMunhfNyD; ausmif;om;rsm;
twGuf rnfonhft&mrsm; xyfjznhfay;&efvdkao;aMumif; qkH;jzwfjcif; (tm;enf;csufppfaq;jcif;) vnf;
vkyfEdkifovdk? aemufxyftqihfjrihf oif½dk;wpfckudk 0ifcGihf&Edkif r&Edkifvnf; (0ifcGihfppfaq;jcif;) qkH;jzwfEdkifonf/
avYusifYcef;
c atmufygar;cGef; wpfckpDtwGuf oufqdkifaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;toD;oD;udk ajzyg/
1/ ,ckwpfywfoifcef;pmrS oif,lolrsm; rnfrQ oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;oenf;/
2/ þoifcef;pmtwGuf vdktyfaom A[kokwESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;onf rnfonfh ausmif;om;rsm;wGif
&Sdygoenf;/
3/ rnfonhf ausmif;om; ausmif;olwdkYu tqihfjrihf oif½dk;udk 0ifa&mufoif,lEdkifNyD;? rnfolwdkYu
tajccHoif½dk;udk NyD;atmif oifoihfoenf;/
4/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf oif½dk;yg taMumif;t&mrsm;udk od&SdwwfajrmufoGm;aMumif; o½kyfjyEdkifcJhygovm;/
5/ þoif½dk;wGif ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;onf rnfonhf jyóemrsm; &SdEdkifrnfenf;/
6/ oif,lolrsm; oifcef;pmacgif;pOfESifh ywfoufí rnfrQ odxm;oenf;/
7/ NyD;cJhonhf oifcef;pmtcef;rS t"dutodESifh twwfrsm;udk ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; wdk;wuf&&Sd
xm;jcif; &Sdygovm;/
8/ oif½dk;udk rnfonhf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; 0ifa&mufoif,lcGihf &&Sdoihfoenf;/
9/ þpmoifESpfwGif txl;cRefqkH; ausmif;om; ausmif;olqkudk rnfol&&Sdoihfoenf;/
10/ pmoifcef; u? c ESifh * wdkYwGif rnfonhf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;toD;oD; 0ifa&mufoihfoenf;/

avYusifYcef;
* oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh oufqdkif&m Oyrmrsm;udk wGJpyfyg/ erlemjzpf&yfrsm; (u rS i
txd)? o½kyfazmf ½kyfykHrsm;jzpfMuonfh tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK; (1 rS 5 txd) ay;xm;NyD; ¤if;wdkY
tm;vkH;udk rSefuefatmif wGJpyfay;&rnfjzpfonf/ tcsdKUaom erlemrsm;rSm qef;ppfjcif; trsdK;tpm; wpfckxufydkNyD;
wGJpyfvQifvnf; rSefuefEdkifygonf/
(u) oif,lolrsm;onf ynmoifESpftwGuf aemufqkH;&rSwf\ 50 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfaom pmar;yGJwpfckukd ESpftukefwGif

ajzqdkMuonf/
(c) odyÜHESifh enf;ynm txl;jyKoifMum;aom udk,fydkifausmif;0ifcGifh&&ef ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGJajzMu
&onf/ trSwftrsm;qkH; q,fOD;udk udk;wef;odkY 0ifcGifhay;rnfjzpfonf/
(*) abmvkH;toif;odkY 0ifvdkolrsm;rSm rdrdwdkY uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk o½kyfjy&rnf/ taumif;qkH; upm;orm;rsm;rSm toif; A
wGif yg0ifupm;cGihf&NyD; usefupm;orm;rsm;rSm B ESifh C toif;wdkYwGif toD;oD;yg0ifupm;&rnfjzpfonf/
(C) rsufrjrifuav;rsm; ausmif;wpfausmif;wGif topfa&mufvmaom uav;rsm;tm; rsufrjrif vufprf;pm (ba&;)
rnfrQ aumif;aumif; zwfwwfonfudk ppfaq;jcif;cH&onf/ uRrf;usifpGm rzwfwwfaom uav;rsm;onf tcsdefydk
oifcef;pmrsm;,l&onf/
(i) um;pufjyifoifwef; wpfvtNyD;wGif? ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; jyif&rnhf pufwpfck&onf/ xdkpufudk rnfrQ
oGufvufpGm rSefuefaumif;rGefpGm jyifEdkifonhftay:rlwnfNyD; trSwf&onf/ aemufvqdkvQif *D,mabmufrsm;
jyKjyifjcif; oifcef;pm qufoif&rnfjzpfonf/
i
ynmoifqk vlawGUar;jref;csuf
1/ 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;
2/ ae&mowfrSwfcsufppfaq;jcif;
3/ tm;enf;csufppfaq;jcif;
4/ wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif;
5/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI
ppfaq;jcif;
vkyfief;pOf
C jzpfpOfESpf&yfudk a&G;yg/
1/ rdrda&G;vdkufonfh jzpfpOftwGuf rnfonfh oif,lrItuJjzwfcsufwpf&yf zefwD;Edkifrnfenf;/
2/ rdrdwdkY pOf;pm;xm;onfrsm;udk tzGJUvdkuf EIdif;,SOfyg/
(u) tv,fwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;wGif u,m;pmayoifMum;&eftwGuf ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;rI
wpfck pDpOfjcif;jzpfonf/ wcsdKUausmif;om;rsm;rSm u,m;pum;udk pum;ajymom wwfajrmufMuNyD;?
wcsdKUrSm tenf;i,f zwfwwfMuonf/ tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm ajymvnf;rajymwwf? a&;vnf;ra&;wwf/
(c) a&ul;tm;upm;tzGJUwpfckudk tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;rIwpfck vkyfay;&rnf/ NydKifyGJ0ifjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;
udk rnfodkY jr§ihfwifoihfaMumif; enf;jyrsm;u avhvmvdkaomaMumihf ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/
(*) wwd,wef; pmzwfuRrf;usifrItwGuf wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;wpfck vkyfay;&rnf/ ausmif;om;^
ausmif;olrsm; pmzwfuRrf;usifrI rnfrQ aumif;rGefpGm&SdaeaMumif; azmfxkwfvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
14 acwfopfq&m
ii
wpfo
i
aomM f;vHk;awmfw iii
umae ,f/
'Dhxu Y aemu vmrnfh
fawmi fwpfy
f ydkaw GJus&if
mfOD;rSm
/
Test Your Level
of English
tqHk;owf
tBudKoifwef; (u) tBudKoifwef; (c) tajccH
iv tNyD;owfwifjyjcif;
&yf&GmzGHUNzdK;rItpDtpOf
(C) wuúodkvfwpfck&Sd odyÜHr[mwef;wpfwef;twGuf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wpfck

vkyfay;&rnf/ NyD;cJhonhf 2 ESpftwGif; avhvmoif,lcJhaom todynm twwfynmrsm;udk
o½kyfjyazmfxkwf&rnhf qef;ppfrIjzpf&rnf/ &v'fay:rlwnfNyD; atmif? ½IH;? *kPfxl;[lí
tqifhcGJay;&rnfjzpfonf/
Oyrm - tNydKiftqdkif tvGefrsm;aom aumvdyftBudKoifwef;wpfcktwGuf 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJjzpfonf/

txufwef;NyD;xm;aom ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;udk a&G;cs,f&rnf/ a&G;cs,fcHausmif;ol
ausmif;om;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumtqifh xdyfwef;wuúodkvfwpfckudkrwufrD tcsdefjynfh odyÜH? 0dZÆm
oifwef;wpfckudk tBudKwufa&muf&rnf/
oif½dk;wGif oifMum;rnfh bmom&yftm;vkH;twGuf tao;pdwf pmar;yGJwpfckjzpf&rnf/ oif½dk;tpwGif
oifMum;rnfh tqifhESifh wdkif;NyD; pmar;yGJudk jyifqifoifhonf/

i aqG;aEG;csuf
i atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ txufyg tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; trsdK;tpm; ig;ck teuf wpfckckudk tokH;jyKzl;ygovm;/ okH;zl;ygu xdkqef;ppf
tuJjzwfcsufykHpHtaMumif; ajymjyyg/ tuJjzwfcsufrS &vmonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKcJhoenf;/
2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olwpfOD;taeESifh txufyg oif,lrI qef;ppftuJjzwfcsufrsm;udk ajzzl;ygovm;/
ajzzl;ygu xdkqef;ppftuJjzwfcsufykHpHtaMumif; ajymjyyg/ tuJjzwfcsufrS &vmonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk
rnfodkY tokH;jyKcJhoenf;/
uRefr
rlBudKuav;rsm;twGuf
q&mtwwfoif
Oyrmrsm; wdk;wufrIqef;ppfcsufwpfckrSm awGU&aom
oifwef;avQmufwkef;uqdk&if pm&if;jzpfygw,f/ odvdkpdwf&Sdovm;?
0ifcGifhpmar;yGJu t*Fvdyfo'´gudk tjcm;olawGudk ulnDwwfovm;pwJh
tajzrSefa&G;&wJh ppfaq;csufyg/ taMumif;t&mawGygwJh pm&if;av;yg/
uRefrawmh tJ'gBudKufw,f/ ausmif;om;rdbeJY
uRefreJY oifMum;a&;eJY
ausmif;twGuf uav;&JU ynma&;tawGUtBuHK
b,favmufudkufnDw,f b,fvdk&Sdw,fqdkwmudk ydkNyD;awmh
qdkwmudk ppfaq;wJhae&mrSm oabmaygufvmwmaygh/
bmrStokH;r0ifbl;/
16 acwfopfq&m
1.3 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ 0daoorsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u rdrdajzqdkzl;aom ta&;tBuD;qkH; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;u tb,fenf;/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom
(odkU)
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom qdkonfrSm ]]ta&;BuD;aom tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;u
ppfaq;rI}} [k qdkvdkygonf/ oif,lolrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ta&;ygrI enf;oGm;Edkifonf/ ausmif;wGif;? pmoifcef;wGif;
ta&;BuD;aom qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;cs&mü tusdK;qdkifrI ppfaq;jcif;rsdK;? tvGwfoabm ppfaq;jcif;rsdK;om
jrihfaom oif,lrItuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;udkokH;NyD; jzpfygonf/ tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwf
¤if;&v'fonf oif,lolrsm;tay:wGif BuD;rm;pGm qef;ppfjcif;rS &v'fonf oif,lolrsm;tm; pmoifcef;
oufa&mufrI&SdEdkifonf/ wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJtm; twGif; ydkrdkBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif&efESifh tm½kHpdkufykHESifh BudK;pm;
Oyrmtaejzifh MunfhEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol tm;xkwfykH ajymif;vJatmif tm;ay;Edkifaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkY
wpfOD;onf xdkpmar;yGJudk atmifjcif; ½IH;jcif;tay: tay:wGif BuD;rm;pGm oufa&mufjcif;r&Sdacs/ tusdK;qdkifrI
rlwnfNyD; b0onf tvGefuGmjcm;oGm;Edkifonf/ edrfhaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wGif ausmif;om;
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom qef;ppfcsufrsm;rS
sm; m rsm;aomtm;jzifh tay: xdcdkufoufa&mufrI rBuD;rm;onfh &v'fom
ykHpHwusvkyf&aom qef;ppfcsufrsm;jzpfNyD; &v'ftaeESifh xGufonf/ ydkrdkavhusifh&ef vdktyfonfhtydkif;rsm;udk
trSwf? atbDpDponfh tqifhowfrSwfcsuf? &mcdkifEIef;jzifh tm;xnfh tm½kHpdkuf&ef wdkufwGef;Edkifjcif;awmh &Sdygonf/
jyaom &rSwfponfwdkY &&SdNyD; aemufqkH;&rSwfwpfckwGif tusdK;qdkifrI edrfhaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;rSm rsm;aom
xnfhoGif;a&wGuf&rnfh &v'frsm; xGufavh&Sdonf/ tm;jzifh pmoifcef;wGif; ausmif;wGif; ppfaq;rIrsm;omjzpfNyD;
tvGwfoabm? ykHpHwus &Sdp&m rvdkonfh qef;ppfrIrsdK;
tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\
jzpfonf/ Oyrm tdrfpmay;jcif;jzpfonf/ tdrfpmwGif
OyrmwcsdKUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
tm;aumif;jcif; tm;enf;jcif;onf ausmif;om;\
1/ IGCSE, GED, IELTS, TOEFL ponfwdkYuJhodkYaom b0wGif BuD;rm;onfh oufa&mufrI r&SdEdkifyg/ odkYaomf rdrd
EdkifiHwum ausmif;0ifcGifhqufpyf pmar;yGJrsm;/ rnfonfhtydkif; tm;aumif; tm;enf;onfudk odvmEdkif&ef
2/ tvkyform;OD;a& pkpkaygif;teuf pGrf;aqmif&nf taxmuftulay;Edkifonf/
taumif;qkH;aom 75% udkom tvkyfquf tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\
cefYxm;&ef &nf&G,fNyD; ppfaq;aom pGrf;aqmif&nf OyrmwcsdKUrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
qef;ppfcsuf/
3/ pmoifausmif;rsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;rS aemufqkH; 5/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;
&rSwfudk tqkH;tjzwfay;rnhf twef;wif vkyfaqmifcdkif;NyD; tzGJUwGif vlOD;a&rsm;oihf? enf;oihf
pmar;yGJrsm;/ qkH;jzwf&ef q&mu apmihfMunhfqef;ppfjcif;/
4/ trSwf 100 zdk;ay;aom tGefvdkif;rSm a[majym 6/ tywfpOf pmoifcef;wGif ÓPfprf; ppfaq;jcif;/
wifqufcsufwpfck wifquf&jcif;/ þppfaq;csuf 7/ tcef;qkH;vQif oifcef;pmESifh pyfvsOf;aom
trSwfonf aemufqkH; twef;wif trSwf\ 40% taMumif;t&mrsm;udk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u
tjzpf a&wGufrnf/ rdrdbmom jznhfpGufjcif;/
8/ tGefvdkif;a[majym ydkYcscsufwGif ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifrI
&Sdr&Sd q&mu avhvmrSwfom;aejcif;/

avYusifYcef;
c NyD;cJhonfhpmrsufESmyg Oyrm 1 rS 8 txd tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom - tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;wdkY\ Oyrmrsm;udkMunhfyg/ xdkerlemrsm;onf ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;?
tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; odkYr[kwf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wdkYteuf
rnfonfwdkY jzpfMuygoenf;/ tcsdKUOyrmrsm;rSm trsdK;tpm;wpfckxufydk jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf/
ae&m wdk;wufrI
tm;enf;csuf
owfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;
ppfaq;jcif;
ppfaq;jcif;
atmifjrif
0ifcGihf aygufajrmufrI
18 acwfopfq&m
aqG;aEG;csuf
* atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ rnfonhf jyify oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk rdrdod&Sdygoenf;/ rnfodkY awGUBuHKzl;ygoenf;/
2/ tcsdKUaom ynma&;orm;rsm;onf tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;u
ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;twGuf raumif;[kxifMuonf/ tb,hfaMumihfenf;/
vkyfief;pOf
C atmufazmfjyyg udk;um;csufudkzwfNyD; oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (Formative) ESifh
oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (Summative) wdkYudk t"dyÜm,fzGihfqdkyg/
[if;wpfcGufudk pm;zdkrSL;u jrnf;Munfhwm

oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;jzpfw,f/
t&om ydkaumif;atmif bmxnfh&ifaumif;rvJ
ppfaq;aewm jzpfw,f/
{nfhonfawGu jrnf;Munfhwm[m
oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;jzpfw,f/
aemufqkH; t&om b,fvdkaew,fqdkwm qef;ppfzdkY jzpfw,f/

tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ESifh oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (Formative) ESifh
oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (Summative) wdkYudk
cGJjcm;wwf&ef enf;vrf;wpfckrSm -
FORMATIVE = oif,lrI&Sdap&ef &nf&G,fNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
SUMMATIVE = oif,lrI&Sd^r&Sd tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;

(formative) onf tcsdefydkif;wpfck (Oyrm oifcef;pmwpfck) twGif; ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;\ oif,lwdk;wufrIudk wdkif;wmonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf (tm;enf;csufppfaq;jcif;? ae&m
owfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;wdkYuJhodkY) oifMum;oif,lrI rjyKrD tcsdefydkif;wpfcktwGif; ausmif;ol ausmif;om;\
pGrf;&nf rnfrQ&SdaMumif; ppfaq;jcif;jyKEdkifonf/ q&m q&mrrsm;onf xdkppfaq;rIrS awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk
oifcef;pmjyifqifjcif;ESifh oifMum;jcif;wdkYwGifvnf;aumif;? oif,lolrsm; oif,lrI wdk;wufaumif;rGefvm&ef
twGuf wkHYjyefcsufrsm; tBuHÓPfrsm;ay;&mwG
sm; ifokH;onf/ xdktcsuftvufrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;taejzihf
¤if;wdkY\ A[kokwESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;rS tm;enf;csufrsm;? tm;omcsufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&mü
taxmuftuljyKonf/ xdktcsufrsm;udk tokH;jyKNyD; oif,lrI tpDtpOfwpf&yfqGJEdkifonf/ q&mrsm;taeESifh rdrdwdkY
ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; awGUBuHKae&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef enf;vrf;rsm;&SmEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;
ausmif;olrsm;twGuf oif,lrIOD;wnfcsufrsm; csrSwf&ef tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ xdkYaemuf rnfonfh tydkif;rsm;udk
xyfoifMum;oifhaMumif;ESifh xyfrH tuJjzwfqef;ppfoifhaMumif; qkH;jzwfrnfjzpfonf/
oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wdkYonf trsm;tm;jzihf tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom qef;ppfcsufrsm;
jzpfNyD; trSwfray;jcif;? tenf;i,fomay;jcif;wdkY &SdEdkifonf/
oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; Oyrmrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
1/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY avhvmcJhaom acgif;pOfwpfckESifh pyfvsOf;í rdrdwdkY
em;vnfrIrsm;udk xkwfazmfjyaom qufpyfrIjy pdwful;ajrykHwpfck tzGJUvdkufqGJjyMuonf/
2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf a[majymydkYcscsufwpfck\ tusOf;csKyfudk tdrfpmtaeESifh
a&;om;Muonf/
3/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY a&;om;rnhf tufaq;\ tpDtpOfrsm;udk q&mtm;
wifjyMuonf/
4/ oif½dk;wpfck\ tpwGif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;NyD; acgif;pOfESifh
ywfoufNyD; rnfrQem;vnfaMumif; jyoMuonf/
avYusifYcef;
i txufyg oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; erlem 1 rS 4 udk avhvmyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf ae&mowfrSwfcsuf
ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;? tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; odkYr[kwf
atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wdkYteuf rnfonfwdkYtoD;oD; jzpfMuygoenf;/
20 acwfopfq&m
oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
oifMum;oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf oif½dk;wpfcktNyD;? pmoifESpfwpfESpftNyD;? owfrSwf

umvwpfcktNyD;? tcsdefowfrSwfcsufwpfcktNyD;wGif rnfrQwwfajrmufoGm;jcif;&SdaMumif; ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom qef;ppfjcif;jzpfonfu ydkrsm;NyD; trSwfowfrSwfcsufwpfck ay;avh&Sdonf/ oifMum;
oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rS &&Sdaom &v'frsm;udk ausmif;om;wpfOD;\ atmifjrifrIudk
qkH;jzwfay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;? oif½dk;\ atmifjrifrIudk qkH;jzwfowfrSwfay;&efaomfvnf;aumif;
tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ xdk&v'frsm;udk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;? q&m^q&mr rsm;xH ay;ydkYEdkifonf/ rdb?
ausmif;pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;? ynma&; t&m&Sdrsm;ponfh ywfoufqufET,folwdkYxHvnf; ay;ydkYEdkifygonf/
oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wdkYonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh tvkyfoabm (formal)
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom qef;ppfcsufrsm; jzpfMuygonf/
oifMum; oif,lNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ Oyrmrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/
1/ oif,lolrsm;onf pmoifESpftwGuf oifMum;jcif;NyD;qkH;NyD; ESpfywftMumwGif pmar;yGJajz&onf/
2/ wpfESpfMum udk,fhtm;udk,fudk; avhvmNyD;aemufwGif ausmif;om;wpfOD;onf TOEFL pmar;yGJ
ajzqdkonf/
3/ tzJGUvdkuf vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIwpfcktNyD;wGif tzGJU0ifrsm;rS useftwef;azmfrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;wifjyrI
wpfckjyKvkyfonf/
4/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u rdrdtaMumif;udk t*Fvdyfvdk 0gusrsm;a&;om;Muonf/ xdk0gusrsm;
aumif;oihfoavmuf aumif;ygu t*Fvdyfpmoifwef;wpfckudk yg0ifwufa&mufcGihf&onf/
avYusifYcef;
p txufyg oifMum; oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;erlem 1 rS 4 udk avhvmyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf
ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif;? tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;
odkYr[kwf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wdkYteuf rnfonfwdkY toD;oD;jzpfMuygoenf;/
avYusifYcef;
q ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif;?

tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;
odkYr[kwf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;pOf oif,lpOf oif,lNyD;
tuJjzwf tuJjzwf
trsdK;tpm;wpfckpDwdkYudk qufpyfrIjy (Venn) puf0dkif; qefppfjcif;
qef;ppfjcif;
o½kyfazmfykHtwGif; oufqdkif&m ae&mwGifxnhfyg/

vkyfief;pOf
Z pmoifcef;twGif;rS vkyfief;pOfokH;ck (1-3) \ nTefMum;csufrsm;udkMunhfNyD; aemufpmrsufESmrS ar;cGef; u rS * txd
ajzqdkyg/
1/ bmodxm;oenf; 'DaeY
taMumif;
1/ oifykef;ay:wGif Z,m;uGufwpfuGufqGJyg/ zuf'&,f0g' ,f/
yxraumfvH acgif;pOfrSm bmodxm;oenf;/ avYvmMur
'kwd,rSm b,fvdkxifoenf;ESifh wwd,tuGufrSm
zuf'&,f0g'
bmodcsifoenf;[k a&;om;yg/ e
ywfoufNyD; JU
2/ acgif;pOfrdwfqufyg/ bmawG odx
m;vJ/
3/ tzGJUvdkuf Z,m;uGufxJwGif jznhfyg/
bmodxm;oenf; b,fvdkxifoenf; bmodcsifoenf;
∙ wpfEdkifiH - jynfe,frsm;pGm ∙ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tawG;opf ∙ jynfe,fawGu

∙ tcsdKU Oya'u jynfe,ftqihf? jzpfaeovm;/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf
tcsdKUu wpfEdkifiHvHk;tqifh b,ftwdkif;twmxd &rvJ/
2/ t"du pum;pkrsm;udk zGifhqdkyg/ A[dkcsKyfudki

frIenf;aom
tmPmu w -
1/ oif,lolrsm;tm; oifcef;pmacgif;pOfESifh pfae&mwn
wGif pkpnf;a f;
ywfoufaom t"dupum;vkH;rsm;ESifh pum;pkrsm; ejcif;r&Sd/
ae&maygif;
rsm
pm&if;wpfckay;yg/ ysHUESHYydkifqdkifx ;pGmwGif
2/ oif,lolrsm;rS ¤if;t"du pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh m;Muonf/
pum;pkrsm;tm; rdrdudk,fydkifpum;vkH;rsm;okH;í a'oEÅ&w
m0
&Sif;jyyg/ toD;oD;w efrsm; - a'o
Gif
qkH;jzwfcsu udk,fydkif
fc
&SdMuonf/ srSwfcGihf
22 acwfopfq&m
3/ pmoifcef;twGif; rSm;^rSef ÓPfprf;ajzjcif;
1/ tzGJUxJwGif rSm;^rSef ar;cGef;okH;ck pOf;pm;yg/
2/ ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;ESifh tajzrsm; rSef^rrSefppfyg/
3/ tzGJUvdkuf tvSnhfus ¤if;wdkY\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk twef;om;rsm;udk zwfjyyg/
4/ tzGJUwdkif;u tjcm;tzGJUrsm;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk toD;oD;ajzMum;Muonf/
1/ zuf'&,fpepfwGif A[dktpdk;&a&m a'oÅ& tpdk;&yg&Sdonf/ (rSef)

2/ jynfe,ftqihf zuf'&,ftpdk;&rsm;onf tajccHOya'toD;oD;udk ydkifqdkif&rnf/ (rSef)
3/ MopaMw;vswGif zuf'&,fpepf rusihfokH;yg/ (rSef)
(u) txufygwdkYteuf rnfonfwdkYudk oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOf? rnfonf

wdkYudk oifMum; oif,lNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh rnfonfwdkYudk ESpfrsdK;vkH;tjzpf okH;Edkifrnf
jzpfoenf;/
(c) ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ oif,lrIESifh ywfoufNyD; þvkyfief;pOfrsm;rS rnfonhf tcsuftvufrsm;udk
q&m^q&mrrsm; &&SdEdkifoenf;/
(*) ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY oif,lrIESifh ywfoufNyD; þvkyfief;pOfrsm;rS rnfonhf
tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&SdEdkifoenf;/

vkyfief;pOf
ps rdrdaumif;pGm od&Sdem;vnfoabmaygufaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOfwpfckudk azmfxkwfyg/
EdkifiHwumokH; pmar;yGJwpfckjzpfap? ausmif;wGif; trSwfay;pepfwpfckjzpfap? rdrdtwef;wGif;okH;aom
tvGwfoabm (informal) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpfckjzpfap a&G;Edkifygonf/
xdkYaemuf xdkenf;vrf;ESifh ywfoufNyD; wifqufcsufi,fwpfck jyifqifyg/ wifqufcsufwGif atmufygwdkYudk
xnhfoGif;&Sif;jyyg/
1/ þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; 1/ oifMum; oif,lpOf

1 &nf&G,fcsufrSm tb,fenf;/ ae&mowfrSwfcsuf 2 oif,lrI tuJjzwf
ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif;? tm;enf;csuf qef;ppfjcif;ôifMum;
ppfaq;jcif;? wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; odkYr[kwf oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI
atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wdkYteuf tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;?
rnfonhf &nf&G,fcsuf jzpfoenf;/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom
tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom?
qef;ppftuJjzwfjcif;
1/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;ESifh q&m^q&mr wdkYteuf rnfonf
3 jzpfaMumif; &Sif;yg/
rsm;twGuf þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wGif
rnfonhf tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &SdMuoenf;/
24 acwfopfq&m
jyefvSefoHk;oyfjcif;
n oif,lrItopfwdkY &&SdNyD;aemufwGif rdrd&vmaom oif,lrIudk jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif; jyKoifhonf/ xdkodkY
okH;oyfjcif; enf;vrf;wpfckrSm rdrdoif,l&&SdcJhonfht&mESifh ywfoufaom tawG;rsm;udk ]oif,lrI
rSwfwrf;} pmtkyfwpftkyfxm;&SdNyD; csa&;rSwfjcif;jzpfonf/ oif,lrIudk jyefvSefokH;oyf&eftwGuf atmufyg
taxmuftuljyK ar;cGef;rsm;udk okH;Edkifygonf/
1/ þtydkif;wGif rdrdtwGuf rdrd\ oifMum;a&;ü

txl;wvnf ta&;yg rnfonhf tjrif
onf[k xifaom oif,l ajymif;vJrI jzpfay:yg
&&SdrI wpfckcktaMumif; oenf;/
azmfjya&;om;yg/ 4/ txufyg ajymif;vJrI
2/ tb,hfaMumihf þtydkif; aMumihf oifMum;ykH
onf txl;wvnf ajymif;vJrI &SdEdkifyg
ta&;ygaMumif; ovm;/ rnfodkY
&Sif;jyyg/ ajymif;vJoifMum;rnf
3/ þtydkif;rS jzpfygoenf;/
xdktaMumif;t&mudk
oif,l&&SdrIaMumihf
tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (1) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfaqmif&jcif; &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifonf/ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; rnfonhf
t&mrsm;udk oif,v l akd Mumif;? oif,o
l ihaf Mumif; azmfxw
k o
f &d &dS ef tok;H jyKEdik yf gonf/ oif,rl t
I uJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk
okH;NyD; oif½dk;rsm; a&;qGJjyifqifjcif;ESifh ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;udk oif½dk;tqihftrsdK;rsdK;twGif; rSefuefpGm
ae&mcsjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/ rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifoifMum;jcif;ESifh oifMum;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;twGuf
qef;ppfjcif;rS&&Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk okH;pGJEdkifygonf/ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;
rnfrQ &&SdoGm;aMumif; od&Sdatmif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk okH;í wdkif;wmEdkifygonf/
oif,rl I tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;wGif 0daoovu©PmtrsdK;rsdK; &SEd ikd yf gonf/ tcsdKUrSm tusdK;qdik rf jI rihaf om qef;ppfjcif;
jzpfNyD; ausmif;om;wdkY\ b0tay: oufa&mufrIBuD;rm;Edkifonf/ tcsdKUrSm tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom qef;ppfcsufrsm;
jzpfEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;taMumif; tcsuftvufudk q&mu odoGm;ap&ef? ausmif;om;udk,fwdkifu rdrdwdk;wufrIudk
rdrdjyefodap&ef okH;onfh qef;ppfcsufjzpfNyD; ausmif;om;b0udk oufa&mufxdcdkufrI enf;onf/ oifMum; oif,lpOf
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;tm;jzihf ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;\ tm;omcsuf tm;enf;csufrsm;udk od&SdNyD;
oifMum;ykHrsm;udk ajymif;vJjyifqifEdkifonf/ ¤if;rSm tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom qef;ppfcsufjzpfNyD; trSwfay;jcif; r&Sdyg/
oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udkokH;NyD; ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;u tcsdefwpfcktwGif; rnfrQ
wwfajrmufaygufa&mufjcif;&SdaMumif; tuJjzwfEdkifonf/ þqef;ppfcsufurl tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhavh&SdNyD; trSwfay;&ef
okH;onfh qef;ppfcsufvnf; jzpfygonf/

26 acwfopfq&m
2 oif , l r I tuJ j zwf
qef ; ppf j cif ; rl a bmif r sm;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^q&mrrsm;onf
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI? ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI?
vufawGUusrI&Sdonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;\ 0daoovu©Pmrsm;ukd
em;vnftuJcwfwwfap&ef/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyf&mwGif usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI ,HkMunf
pdwfcs&rIESifh vufawGUusrI rlabmifrsm;ukd
aygif;pyfxnfhoGif; zefwD;wwfap&ef/

2.1 vufawGUusrI (Practicality)
tBudKoifcef;pm
u atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ ]]vufawGUusrI}} \ t"dyÜm,frSm tb,fenf;/
2/ vufawGUusrIonf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfaeoenf;/
vufawGUusaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

vufawGUusaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;udk pDpOfa&;qGJ&ef? apmihfMunhfppfaq;&ef
q; ESifh trSwfppf&ef
vG,fulygonf/
∙ ]qef;ppftuJjzwfcsuf pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;} qdkonfrSm oif,lrI qef;ppftuJjzwfcsufwpfckudk ar;cGef;vTm^
nTefMum;csufrsm; yg0ifatmif zefwD;a&;om;jcif;jzpfpOfudk qdkvdkygonf/
∙ ]oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsuf apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;} qdkonfrSm tuJjzwfcsufudk ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;
ajzqdkaqmif&GufpOf BuD;Muyfjcif;? apmifhMunfhjcif;vkyf&yfudk qdkvdkygonf/
∙ ]trSwfay;jcif;^trSwfjcpfjcif;} qdkonfrSm tuJjzwfcsufudk trSwfay;jcif;&v'f xkwfay;jcif;udk
qdkvdkygonf/
rnfrQvG,fulonfrSm atmufygtcsufrsm;ay:wGif rlwnfonf/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfjcif; edrhfjcif;/
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcH&rnfh ausmif;om;âusmif;ol OD;a&/
∙ &Sdxm;onhf &if;jrpfrsm; (pmar;yGJcef;apmihfOD;a&? trSwfjcpfolOD;a&? ponfjzihf)
pmoifcef;i,fwpfcktwGuf tywfpOfwdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;wGif &SdEdkifaom vufawGUusrI jyóemrSm oif,lol
wpfodef;cefY 0ifa&mufajzqdkaom tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom EdkifiHtqihfpmar;yGJwGif &SdEdkifaom vufawGUusrI jyóemESifh
wlrnfr[kwfyg/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;rsm;udk tywfpOf vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaomaMumihf tcsdefrsm;rsm;ay;í
pDpOfa&;qGJ&efrvdkay/ tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaomppfaq;rI jzpfaomaMumihf apmihfMunhfppfaq;&müvnf; jyóem r&SdEdkifay/
q&m^q&mrtaejzihf rdrdudk,fwdkif trSwfay;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm tenf;i,fomjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumihf tzGihfar;cGef;rsm;jzpf
rsm; ap? pmpDpmuHk;jzpfap xnhfoGif;ppfaq;Edkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf trSwfppf&mwGif
tcsdefydkukefapEdkifaomfvnf; oifcef;pmtay:wGif oif,lolrsm;\ em;vnfwwfajrmufrIESifh ywfoufí
tokH;0ifaom tao;pdwfawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk ay;Edkifonf/
odkY&mwGif EdkifiHtqihfpmar;yGJonf tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaomaMumihf ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk *½kwpdkuf
jyifqifowfrSwfoihfygonf/ ajzqdkol ausmif;om;OD;a&rsm;NyD; trSwfppfolOD;a&rSmvnf; rsm;aomaMumihf
trSwfay;pepfrSm ajcEdkifvufEdkifjzpfaom pepfrsm; jzpf&rnf/ trSwfppfolrsm;udkvnf; trSwfay;pepfESifh ywfoufí
avhusihfay;xm;&efvdkonf/
tGefvdkif;ay:rS oifMum;rIydkif;wGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk aqmhzf0J trsdK;rsdK;jzifh aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
tGefvdkif;rS wufa&mufonfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk pmar;yGJ ppfaq;apmifhMunfh&onfrSm ydkrdk cufcJEdkifNyD; tuJjzwf
qef;ppfrI aqmif&GufaecsdeftwGif; r&Sif;vif;onfrsm;udk rnfodkY ajz&Sif;ay;rnfjzpfaMumif; BudKwifpDpOf today;
xm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tajzrsm;udk tGefvdkif;wGif &SmEdkifonfh pmar;yGJrsdK;jzpfygu cdk;ul;jcif; cdk;Munfhjcif;rSmvnf;
jyóemwpf&yfjzpfEdkifonf/ tydwfar;cGef;rsm;ok
rsm; H;onfh pmar;yGJrsm;wGif trSwfjcpfjcif;udk pufjzifh tvdktavsmuf
vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/
28 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
c atmufazmfjyygom"u avhvmcsufrsm;udk zwfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzyg/
(u) EdkifiHjcm;wuúodkvfwpfckwGif ynmoifqkjzihf wufa&mufynmoifMum;&eftwGuf vl 12 a,mufudk
pdppfa&G;cs,fay;&rnfjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf 0ifcGihfpmar;yGJwpfckudk pDpOfay;&rnf/ ynmoifqk
avQmufolrsm;onf t*FvdyfpmwGif uRrf;usifrI&SdNyD; awG;ac:EdkifrI pGrf;&nfjrihfolrsm; jzpf&rnf/ vlOD;a&
pkpkaygif; 500 avQmufxm;ygonf/
(c) ausmif;om;âusmif;ol 6 OD;&Sdaom ta&;uRrf;usifrI oifwef;wGifjzpfonf/ tufaq;wpfck\
wnfaqmufykHudk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; em;vnfrI &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;vdkonf/
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;taeESifh ed'gef;ESifh ed*kH;udk ususee a&;Edkifjcif; &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;vdkonf/
(*) 'kwd,wef;ausmif;om; 20 udk oifMum;aeygonf/ þESpfukefwGif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;taeESifh
rdcifbmompum;jzihf pum;vkH;rsm;udk aumif;pGm pmvkH;aygif;wwfjcif; &Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;vdkonf/
1/ ay;xm;aom om"ursm;wGif rnfodkYaom vufawGUusrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;udk xnhfoGif;wGufcsufoihfoenf;/

¤if;jyóemrsm;udk Z,m;uGufxJwGif a&;csyg/
pDpOfa&;qGJ apmifhMunfhppfaq; trSwfay;
(u) • tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom pmar;yGJ

jzpfaomaMumihf pmar;yGJ
ar;cGef;rsm;ESihf ppfrnhfykHpHwdkYudk
tcsdef,ljyifqifoifhonf/
(c) • ausmif;om;OD;a& enf;NyD;

tusdK;qdkifrI edrfhaomaMumifh
vG,fulonf/
(*) • tm;vkH;udk trSwfjcpfcsdef&atmif

pDrH&rnf/

2/ atmufyg q&mokH;OD;onf txufyg oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; om"ursm;teuf wpfckESifh
ywfoufaom jyóemwpfckudk axmufjyajymqdkaejcif; jzpfygonf/ rnfonhf oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif; om"uudk q&m^q&mr wpfOD;csif;pDu ajymqdkaejcif; jzpfygoenf;/
3/ rdrdtaeESifh þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;udk rnfodkY vkyfaqmifrnfenf;/
olwdkY pmt ESpfydkif;cGJ ppfoihfw 'Doif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk

ul;a&;vdkYr kyfxJu ,fv
yxrydkif;ukd trSw dkYxifw,f/ pDpOf&wm vG,fygw,f/ uRefawmfu
&a
aoaocsm tmif tajzrSefa&G; vkyfi fppfzdkYvG,fwJh ausmif;om;awGudk tokH;0ifr,fh tBuHjyKcsuf
awG
apmihfMun csm ef;pO
yxrydkif; pmar;yGJa feJY t&ifppfr,f/ ay;csifwm&,f udk,fwdkifv nf ; &v mwJ h
hf&w,f/ tmifw
ydkcufcJwJh a&;ajzar JholawGudkyJ tcsuftvufawGudk aemufwpfywf
xyfppfr,f/ r[kw ;cGef;awG oifcef;pm jyifwJhtcg okH;csifwm&,faMumihf
f&if t trSwfay;wJhtcgawmh
wpfNydKifwnf; ppfa m;vkH;udk
vufawGUrusbl;v ;zdkYu
q tcsdefenf;enf;Mumr,f/
dkYxifw,f
i ii iii
aqG;aEG;csuf
* atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
1/ q&m^q&mrtaeESifh tuJjzwfppfaq;cJhpOfujzpfap? oif,loltaeESifh tuJjzwfppfaq;cHcJh&pOfujzpfap
rnfonfh vufawGUusrI jyóemrsm; &ifqdkifBuHKawGUcJh&zl;oenf;/
2/ ¤if;vufawGUusrI jyóemrsm;udk rnfodkY ajz&Sif;rnfjzpfoenf;/
Oyrm - rdk;&mo
tajymp Dwkef;u pma
tce Grf;&nfpp r;yGJwpfckr
udk,fpp f;oGyfrdk;ay:u fwm? rdk;aygu Sm
f&r sa fu
aumif; ,hf pum;ajy eoH qlvGef;v
aumif; mvkyfi dkY
em;ax ef;
mifvdkY r pOfawGudk
&cJhbl;/
30 acwfopfq&m
2. 2 ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rI (Reliability)
tBudKoifcef;pm
u atmufygtajctae 1 rS 3 txdudk ykHrsm;MunfhNyD; avhvmyg/ wpfykHcsif;pDwGif rnfodkYaom jyóemrsm;
&Sdaeoenf;/
1
hes shes
2 fi gs
2 fis gs g
2 eg 2e
aeomaom aehwpfaeh . . . em&Drsm;pGm MumNyD;aemuf . . .
yifyef;vdkufwm/
om,mwJh eHeufcif;yJ/
trSwfppfwm
aeomxdkifom jrefjrefvufpowfNyD;
&Sdvdkufwm tdrfjyefcsifvmNyD/
27%
97%

c atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ ],kHMunfpdwfcs&rI} (Reliable) \ t"dyÜm,frSm tb,fenf;/
2/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIonf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfaeoenf;/
,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;qdkonfrSm wlnDaom tqihfwpfck&Sdaom tajzrsm;
tm;vkH;udk trSwfwpfrsdK;wnf; wlnDpGmay;Edkifaom ppfaq;csufrsdK;jzpfygonf/ trSwfjcpfol rwlvQifaomfrS?
ausmif;om;rsm;u ae&mtrsdK;rsdK;? tcsdeftrsdK;rsdK;wGif ajzqdkcJhjcif;jzpfvQifaomfrS t&nftaoG;wlaom
tajzrsm;udk wlnDaomtrSwfrsm; &&Sdoihfygonf/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;
onf worwfwnf;jzpfaom tajztuJjzwfcsufrsm; xkwfay;Edkifonf/
tav;csdefpufwpfcktaMumif;
pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ 2 uDvdk*&rf
&Sdaom iSufaysmoD;rsm;udk
reufydkif;wGif csdefMunhfvQif 2
uDvdk*&rf[k jyoNyD; nydkif;csdef
MunhfvQifvnf; 2 uDvdk*&rfom
qufjzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/
vlajymif;NyD; csdefvQifvnf; 2
uDvdk*&rfom qufjyaeygrnf/
iSufaysmoD; trsdK;tpm;
aemufwpfrsdK; 2 uDvdk*&rfudk
csdefMunhfvQifvnf; tav;csdef
pufu 2 uDvdk*&rfom qufjyyg
vdrhfrnf/ xdkYaMumihf xdkpufonf
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sdonf^worwfwnf; &Sdonf[k qdkEdkifygonf/
uREfkyfwdkYonf xdktav;csdefpufuJhodkYyif ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;udk
&SmazGtokH;jyK&rnfjzpfonf/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ud
sm; k trSwfppfolrsm;ESifh ppfaq;cH&aom oif,lolrsm;
odxm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ Oyrm - oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf pmpDpmuHk;jzpfygu trSwfppfolrsm;ESifh
ppfaq;cH&aom oif,lolrsm;tm;vkH; trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufxm;&rnf/
xifjrif,lqcsuf aumif;rGefrI? o'´grSefuefrI? tqdkjyKcsufrsm; tm;aumif;rIESifh vufa&; aooyfrIwdkYtwGuf
rnfonfwdkYudk t"dutjzpf trSwfay;rnfenf;/ tu,fí wcsdKUoif,lolrsm;rSm pmvkH;aygif;owfykH jynhfpkH
rSefuefrItwGuf trSwfrsm;rsm;&NyD; wcsdKUrSm pmvkH;aygif;owfykH rSefuefrIaMumihfr[kwfbJ xifjrif,lqcsuf
aumif;rGefrItwGuf trSwfrsm;rsm;&ygu ¤if;oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpfck r[kwfay/
avYusifYcef;
* atmufyg om"u avhvmcsufrsm;udkzwfyg/ ¤if;wdkYonf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom odkYr[kwf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
r&Sdaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm; jzpfygovm;/ tb,hfaMumihfenf;/
1/ 8 wef; ordkif;tcef;rS oif,lol 25 OD;wdkY tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkMuonf/ pmar;yGJ
ar;cGef;rsm;udk q&mrS a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; q&mudk,fwdkifyif trSwfay;ppfaq;rnfjzpfonf/
32 acwfopfq&m
2/ ausmif; 5 ausmif;jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;aom uGef&ufwpfckrS rGefbmompum; ausmif;om; (rGefpmay
oif,laeaom^rGefvlrsdK;) 250 wdkYonf oifwef;qkH;&rSwf\ 20 &mcdkifEIef;twGuf pmpDpmuHk;rsm; a&;om;
ajzqdk&onf/ ¤if;wdkY\ q&m^q&mrrsm;rS pmpDpmuHk;rsm;udk trSwfay;ppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ wcsdKU
q&mrsm;rSm wDxGifBuHqrIESifh wnfaqmufykHtay: trSwfay;NyD; wjcm;q&mrsm;rSm o'´gESifh pmvkH;aygif;
owfykHtay: t"duxm; trSwfay;Muonf/
3/ acgif;aqmifrIpGrf;&nf avhusihfa&;oifwef;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; tzGJUvdkuf ya&m*sufvkyfonf/
q&monf trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;rSm tzGJUtwGif; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrItwGuf 50 &mcdkifEIef;?
project pDpOfa&;qGJrItwGuf 30 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh pDpOfwifqufrItwGuf 20 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfaMumif;
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;ukd &Sif;jyNyD; ,if;trSwfay; pnf;rsOf;twdkif;yif ppfaq;trSwfay;onf/
4/ av;wef;ausmif;om; ESpfwef;aygif;NyD; ESpf0ufpmar;yGJajzMuonf/ A cef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;rSm &moDOwk
om,maom wevFmaeYwGif ajzqdk&onf/ B cef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;rSm rdk;oufavjyif;wdkufaom
Ak'¨[l;aeYwGif ajzqdk&aomaMumihf pmar;yGJay:wGif tm½kHrpdkufEdkifMuay/
5/ t*Fvdyfbmompum; oifMum;a&; tu,f'rDwpfckudk 0ifcGihf&&ef ausmif;om;rsm;onf q&mokH;OD;teuf
wpfOD;ESifh vlawGUar;jref;ajzMum;jcif;vkyf&onf/ q&m 3 OD;\ pum;ajympGrf;&nfrsm;rSm wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD;rwlMu/ wpfOD;rSm toHxGuf odyfraumif;aomaMumihf olpum;ajymvQif odyfem;rvnfMuay/
6/ rlBudKuav;rsm;\ jrefrmtu©&mrsm;udk &GwfjyEdkifjcif;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfonf/ uav;rsm;onf
twef;azmfrsm;a&SUwGif wpfa,mufwpfvSnhfqdkjyMuNyD; rSefvQif q&mu uav;emrnfab;wGif
trSwfjcpfvdkufonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
C atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ 2.2 * wGif azmfjyxm;aom om"u 1 rS 6 udkMunhfyg/ om"uavhvmcsufwpfckpDonf tusdK;qdkifrI
jrihfaomêdrhfaom ppfaq;csufrsm; jzpfygovm;/
2/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI rlabmifESifh tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom pmar;yGJ ppfaq;jcif;wdkYtMum;rS qufpyfrIrSmtb,fenf;/
3/ q&mwpfOD;taeESifhjzpfap oif,lolwpfOD;taeESifhjzpfap ¤if;tjzpftysufrsm;rS qifwl,dk;rSm; tjzpftysuf
wpfckckESifh BuHKzl;ygovm;/
uRefawmfht
t u xifawmh
Oyrm . . . sdK e
]]wuf<uv ;qdkifrIjrihfwmjzpfr, Hygwf 3 u
tzGJUvdkuf Iyf&Sm;EdkifiHom;}} o f/ uRefawmfwdkY
ya&m* ifwef;t
qef;ppfcsu sufeJYqifwlw,f/ t NyD;rSm vkyf&wJh
uRefawmfw fvdkYyJ ajym&rSma usdK;qdkifr
dkYtm;vkH; a
t
y g h/ uHaumi Ijrihfaom
ynma&; jy mi f;pGm
efoif&ifv foGm;w,f/ &GmrSm E eJY
uRefawmf nf; ' dkifiHom
jyefokH;jzp Dvdkqef;ppfcsufrsdK;y ;
fr,fxifw J
,f/

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;xJrS trSm;rsm;
trSm;ygaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;aMumihf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rItydkif; tm;avsmhEdkifygonf/
ppfaq;csufar;cGef;wGif trSm;ygaeygu oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;&v'frsm; rrSefuefEdkifawmhyg/
atmufygwdkYrSm trSm;erlemrsm; jzpfygonf/
tajzrSefa&G;yg/
1/ 400 \ 20 &mcdkifEIef; =
(u) 20 (c) 50 (*) 100 (C) 200
a&G;cs,f&ef tajzrSefr&Sdí oif,lolrsm;taejzihf þar;cGef;tm; rSefuefpGm ajzqdkEdkifrnfr[kwfyg/

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; udk,fwdkifrSjzpfap? tuJjzwfppfaq;olrSjzpfap? oif,lolrSjzpfap? ywf0ef;usif
tajctaerSjzpfap trSm;jzpfay:Edkifonf/ txufazmfjyyg Oyrmonf ar;cGef;ydkif;vGJacsmfrI wpfckjzpfonf/
ar;cGef;rsm; rSm;aejcif;jzpfonf/ þar;cGef;rsm;ukd q&mESpfa,mufu trSwfay;onf/ q&mwpfa,mufu
ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;ukd wpfrSwfay;NyD; usefq&mwpfa,mufu wpfrSwfrQ ray;vQif ppfaq;olydkif;vGJacsmfrIwpfck
jzpfonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ ayghavsmhrIaMumifh r[kwfbJ trSm;ajzqdkrdjcif;ukd ausmif;om;ydkif;vGJacsmfrI [k
ac:ygonf/ Oyrm ausmif;olwpfOD;onf ta&;pGrf;&nf ppfaq;onhf pmar;yGJwGif vufusdK;xm;aomaMumihf tcsdefrD
rNyD;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/
aemufqkH;wpfydkif;rSm ywf0ef;usifydkif; vGJacsmfrI jzpfygonf/ pm;yGJtvkH;a& enf;oGm;aomaMumihf tcsdKU
ausmif;om;rsm;rSm rwfwyfaomfvnf;aumif;? Murf;jyifwGifxdkifíaomfvnf;aumif; ajzqdkcJh&ygu ckHwGifxdkifajz
&aom ausmif;om;rsm;avmuf oufaomihfoufom r&Sdjcif; tm½kHrpdkufEdkifjcif;wdkY&Sdygu ywf0ef;usifydkif; vGJacsmfrI
jzpfoGm;onf[k rSwf,l&ygonf/ ywf0ef;usifydkif; vGJacsmfrIrsm;wGif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; tokH;jyKonfh
enf;ynmydkif;vnf; yg0ifygonf/ Oyrm ausmif;om;âusmif;ol tcsdKUonf a[majymwifqufcsufudk AD'D,dk
½dkuful;NyD; wif&ef tifwmeuf csdwfqufrI tm;raumif;jcif;? q&mESifh twef;azmfrsm;udk AD'D,dkaumwGif
0ifygEdkifatmif enf;ynmydkif;? uGefeuf&Sifydkif; tm;raumif;jcif;wdkYrSmvnf; ywf0ef;usifydkif; vGJacsmfrIjzpfonf/
avYusifYcef;
i atmufygwdkYrSm oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; trSm;t,Gif;rsm;\ taMumif;&if;rsm;jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk
ar;cGef;ydkif; vGJacsmfrI? ppfaq;olydkif; vGJacsmfrI? ausmif;om;ydkif; vGJacsmfrI odkYr[kwf ywf0ef;usifydkif; vGJacsmfrI
[lí trsdK;tpm;cGJay;yg/
1/ oif,lolrsm;rSm yifyef;aeMuonf/
2/ wcsdKUpmppfolrsm;rSm pmvkH;aygif;owfykH rSefuefrItwGuf trSwfrsm;rsm;ay;NyD; tjcm;pmppfolrsm;rSm
xifjrif,lqcsuf aumif;rGefrItwGuf trSwfrsm;rsm;ay;Muonf/
3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; vkyfief;pOfwpfckrSm 4 em&Dtxd Mumvmaomtcg aemufqkH;rS wifqufcsufjyK&ef
tvSnhfusonhf ausmif;om;rsm;rSm tvGefqmavmifvmMuonf/
4/ ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;u tajzudk tGefvdkif;ay:rS pm½dkuf&onfh aqmh0JwpfckESifh ajz&rnfjzpfonf/
jrjru xdkaqmh0Judk rokH;zl;aomaMumifh rnfodkY zGifh&rnfrod jzpfaeonf/
34 acwfopfq&m
5/ nTefMum;csufrsm; r&Sif;vif;ojzihf oif,lolrsm;rSm rnfonfudk vkyfaqmif&rnfudkrod jzpfaeMuonf/
6/ tajzrSefa&G;&rnfh ÓPfprf;ar;cGef;udk uGefysLwmESifh tvdktavsmuf trSwfjcpfrnfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
y½dk*&rf qGJ&mwGif trSm;ygoGm;í ar;cGef; eHygwf 10 udk bmajzajz trSm;[kom trSwfay;aeonf/
7/ nTefMum;csufrsm;rSm oif,lolrsm; odyfem;rvnfaom bmompum;ESifh ajymxm;jcif; jzpfaeonf/
8/ pmar;yGJcef;rSm qlnHaeaomaMumihf oif,lolrsm;onf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk rMum;EdkifMuacs/
9/ oif,lolwpfOD;rSm zsm;aeonf/
10/ pmpDpmuHk;rsm;udk uGefysLwmjzihf ½dkufESdyfa&;om;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; wcsdKUoif,lolrsm;rSm rodí
vufa&;jzihf a&;om;cJhMuonf/
11/ &moDOwk tvGefyljyif;onf/
12/ pmppfolrsm;rSm pmpDpmuHk;ar;cGef;tm; em;rvnfaomaMumihf rQwaom trSwfray;wwfjzpfaeonf/
13/ oif,lolrsm;rSm tajzrsm;udk pm&GuftvGwfwGif csa&;&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; pmar;yGJapmihfMunhfolrS ar;cGef;
pm&Gufay:wGif csa&;&ef nTefMum;onf/
14/ ausmif;ol ausmif;om;tcsdKUu ESpfv,f pmpDpmukH;udk uGefysLwmESifh csa&;onf/ tcsdKUu uGefysLwm rydkifí
rdkbdkif;zkef;ay:wGif a&;Mu&onf/
15/ tajzrSeftrsdK;rsdK;&Sdaomfvnf;? trSwfjcpfolonf tajzwpfrsdK;udkom trSef[k vufcH,lqonfESifh
BuHKzl;ygovm;/
vkyfief;pOf
p oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpfck ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sdap&ef vdktyfaom tcsufrsm;ygonhf trSwfjcpfpm&if;
wpfck checklist ESpfOD;wGJtvdkuf pDpOfjyKpkyg/ xdkYaemuf tjcm;wpfwGJESifhaygif;NyD; tzGJUvdkuf pm&if;wpfck
jzpfatmif aygif;pyfyg/ aemufqkH;wGif wpfwef;vkH;rS aygif;pyfa&;om;xm;onhf pm&if;wpfckxGufonftxd
tzGJUtcsif;csif; qufvufaygif;pyfyg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
q tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpfckwGif ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIonf tvGefta&;ygonf/
xdkae&mwGif trSwfjcpfpm&if;wpfck checklist xm;jcif;rSm tokH;0ifEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif tjcm;rnfonhf
enf;vrf;rsm;udk okH;jcif;tm;jzihf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpf&yfukd ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sdatmif
aqmif&GufEdkifygoenf;/

2.3 usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI (Validity)
tBudKoifcef;pm
1/ ]]usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI} (Valid) \ t"dyÜm,frSm tb,fenf;/
2/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIonf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfaeoenf;/
3/ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIwdkYMum;rS qufpyfrIrSm tb,fenf;/
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpf&yf pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpf&yfonf ppfaq;&ef &nf&G,fonhft&mudk
ppfaq;Edkifonf/ ppfaq;olonf ppfaq;&rnhf tod? twwfrsm;udk OD;pGmowfrSwfazmfxkwfonf/ xdkYaemuf
xdkt&mrsm;udk ppfaq;Edkifrnhf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpf&yfudk ykHpHxkwfwnfaqmufonf/
0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif; ESifh ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif; wdkYonf ausmif;om;rsm; odxm;? &Sdxm;NyD;aom wwfuRrf;rIESifh
A[kokwrsm;onf oif½dk;wGif atmifjrifpGm yg0ifEdkifonftxd vkHavmufjcif;&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;onf/ Oyrm
- tqihfjrihfocFsmoifwef;wpfckudk jrefrmvdkoifaom oifwef;wpfcktwGuf ausmif;om;rsm; 0ifcGihf
ppfaq;onfqdkygu tqdkygausmif;om;rsm;onf tqihfjrihfoifwef;udk 0ifa&mufoif,lEdkifavmufonhf
tajccH&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;&rnfjzpfonf/ xdktcg usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;wpf&yfonf
ocFsmuRrf;usifrIudk ppfaq;csufwpf&yf jzpfoihfygonf/ odkY&mwGif ar;cGef;udk t*Fvdyfvdkar;ygu
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38 acwfopfq&m
i ii
Part One: Elementary
ay;xm;aom ykHrsm;udkMunhfNyD;
wpfykHcsif;\ t*Fvdyfpum;vkH;tm; 1. He ______ very tall.
word search xJwGif&SmNyD; 0dkif;jyyg/ is / are / has
2. She ______ like football very much.

don’t / doesn’t / hasn’t
Part Two: Pre-Intermediate
3. I ______ the film we saw at the cinema on

Wednesday.
z f o g r q l s
doesn’t like/haven’t liked/didn’t like
m o u t h h i t
e o f o a p p i 4. They ______ in England last year.
was / were/ is
y t x e n o s e
d h c s d j e a Part Three: Intermediate
n u f i n g e r
5. When Mike arrived at the disco, Hania ______.
b m w l a k y v already left / has already left / had already left
m b n e c k e e
6. By the time you get this letter I ______.
n o s t r i l u will have gone / am going to go / would go
iii
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42 acwfopfq&m
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The functionaries _____ their new premises.
We _____ to see the new James Bond movie.
a. Like b. Likes c. Liking d. to like
a. go b. should go
c. should have gone d. should to go
* avQmufxm;ol 120 OD;&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;

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U Tin Oo is a rich man. He owns three cars and six
wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; pmar;yGJudk
wpfywfwpfcg ajzqdk&onf/ houses. He eats in expensive restaurants every night.
q&mu IELTS erlem pmar;yGJudk Fill the gaps.

wpfywfwpfcg a&;om; 1. U Tin Oo is a _____ man.
jyifqif&onf/ 2. He owns three _____.
3. He eats in expensive restaurants _____ night.

q Intermediate tqihf t*Fvdyfpmzwf uRrf;usifrI qef;ppfcsufwpfckwGif atmufygar;cGef;ygonf/
Many organizations use a top-down approach to management, where the senior directors make all the
decisions, and the junior members implement them. Other organizations take a more bottom-up approach,
where all members are involved in decision making.
Answer the questions.

1. Is consensus decision making usually used in top-down or bottom-up management?
2. Does the United Nations use top-down or bottom-up management styles?
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ta&;BuD;jcif;r[kwfbJ atmufygwdkYvnf; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ atmufygpm&if;udkMunhfNyD; ¤if;wdkYu
tb,faMumihf ta&;BuD;aMumif; aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ yGihfvif;jrifomrI - oif,lolrsm;onf 3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rSm rvG,fvGef;
¤if;wdkYtm; tuJjzwfppfaq;aeonfudk rcufvGef;jcif;/
odaejcif;/ 4/ oif,lolrsm;rSm tuJjzwfppfaq;rI yHkpHESifh
2/ tm;vkH;yg0ifEdkifrI &Sdjcif;ESifh rQwrI&Sdjcif;? &if;ESD;rI&Sdaejcif;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ykHpHaMumihf
wpfyef;½IH;&aom tkyfpkr&Sdjcif;/
vkyfief;pOf
i wpfzufpmrsufEmS wGif azmfjyxm;aom jzpf&yfuzkd wfNyD; atmufygnTeMf um;csufrsm;twdik ;f tzGUJ xJwiG f vkyaf qmifyg/
1/ xdkoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ 0daoojzpfEdkifaom pum;vkH;rsm;udk puf0dkif;0dkif;yg/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom oif,lpOf tuJjzwfppfaq;aom oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfppfaq;aom

,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom usdK;aMumif;rqDavsmfaom
vufawGUusaom vufawGUrusaom
44 acwfopfq&m
2/ atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
(u) ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
(c) usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
(*) þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf xdkif;EdkifiH\ ynma&;tay:wGif rnfodkYaom
tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm; &Sdoenf;/
(C) oihfEdkifiHrS ynma&;pepfwGifokH;aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh qifwlovm; uGJjym;yg
ovm;/ rnfodkYenf;/
3/ xdkif;EdkifiH\ ynma&;pepf rnfodkY wdk;wufjyKjyifoihfygoenf;/ jyKvkyfEdkifaom tajymif;tvJtcsdKUudk
tBuHjyKyg/
4/ rdrd\ tBuHjyKcsuf tawG;tBuHrsm;udk twef;odkY wifjyyg/
jzpf&yfavYvmcsuf
xdkif;EdkifiH ynma&;pepfrS oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ykHpH
xdkif;EdkifiH ynma&;pepfrS oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ykHpHwpfckjzpfaom The Ordinary National Educational Test
(O-Net) onf jyóemtcsdKU&Sdonf/ þESpfydkif;\ O-Net atmifpm&if;rsm;rSm pdwfysufzG,fjzpfaeonf/ 12 wef;rS
ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGmu bmom&yfrsm;pGmwGif us½IH;aeonf/ ocFsmESifh t*FvdyfbmomwdkYwGif txl;ojzihf
trSwftenf;qkH; jzpfaeonf/
xdik ;f Edik if \ H qihf ynma&; pmar;yGJ ppfaq;a&;Xme National Institute of Educational Testing Service (NIETS)
H Edik if t
onf wuúov kd q f &mrsm;udak c:,lNyD; O-Net pmar;yGJ ar;cGe;f rsm;udk a&;om;aponf/ od&Yk mwGif ¤if;wdt Yk rsm;pkrS oif,rl I
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydik ;f ESihf pmar;yGyJ pHk x H w k jf cif; tydik ;f wdw
Yk iG f tawGUtBuHKenf;yg;Muonf/ pmar;yGrJ mS tajzrSeaf &G;
ar;cGe;f rsm;om trsm;pkjzpfaeNyD; ar;cGe;f rsm;udk a&;om;xm;ykrH mS vnf; trSm;t,Gi;f rsm;pGm jzpfaeonf/
aemufxyfjyóemwpfcrk mS NIETS u xdik ;f Edik if \ H Edik if t
H qihf
oif½;kd a&;qGo J rl sm;ESihf csdwqf ufaqmif&u G rf I r&Sjd cif;yifjzpfonf/
tusdK;qdik rf jI rihaf om pmar;yGrJ sm;ESihf ausmif;oif½;kd nTe;f wrf;wdYk
tMum; uGm[rIEiS hf tcsdwt f qufrrhJ rI sm; jzpfymG ;aeygonf/ NIETS
oif,rl I tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; pmar;yGrJ sm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzihf
tcsuftvufqikd &f m od&rdS w S rf jd cif;udk OD;pm;ay;xm;ygonf/
q&mtrsm;pkonf ta&;ygaom uRrf;usifrrI sm;jzpfaom
okawoevkyaf qmifjcif;ESihf a0zefo;Hk oyfrjI yaom pmpDpmuH;k
rsm; a&;om;jcif;wdu Yk kd roifMum;ay;Muyg/ taMumif;rSm pmar;yGw J iG f rygaomaMumihyf ifjzpfonf/ xdt k jzpfrmS pmar;yGu J
oif½;kd udk ykaH zmfomG ;jcif; jzpfaeygonf/ jzpfoiho f nfrmS pmar;yGu J oif½;kd udk taxmuftyHah y;jcif;omjzpfonf/
pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; atmifcsuf&mEIef; edrhfvGef;aejcif;u oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfykHpHu ,kHMunfpdwfcs
&zG,f r&SdaMumif;ESifh vkHavmufjynhfpkHrIr&SdaMumif; jyoaeygonf/ EdkifiHtqihf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; pmar;yGJrsm;onf
EdkifiHynma&;pepf jr§ihfwifjcif;? oifMum;a&;enf;vrf;rsm;udk tuJjzwfjcif;? rl0g'csrS g' wfjcif;ESifh oif,lolwpfOD;csif;pD
wdk;wufatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfay;EdkifpGrf;&Sd&ygrnf/
12 ESpMf um ynma&;\tqk;H wGif txufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;\ oif,rl u I kd qef;ppf&mü rdrw
d Ykd oif,x l m;onhf
t&mrsm;ESihf roufqikd af omt&mrsm;udk pmar;yGt J wGi;f xnhaf r;aejcif;onfvnf; jyóemwpf&yf jzpfygonf/
http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1234458/a-yearly-reminder-of-utter-incompetence rS
qDavsmfatmif xkwfEkwfjyefqdkxm;ygonf/

vkyfief;pOf
p rdrdwdkY\ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufonf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom? vufawGUusaom
pmar;yGJjzpfaponfhf vdkufemzG,f&mrsm;udk pm&if;wpfck tzGJUvdkufjyKvkyfyg/
∙ tydkif; 2.2 ESifh 2.3 wdkYrS ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrsm;udk xnhfoGif;a&;csyg/
∙ þtydkif;rS oif,l&&Sdaom tcsuftvuftopfrsm; xnhfoGif;a&;csyg/
∙ twef;wpfwef;vkH;taeESifh pm&if;wpfck jyKpkyg/ vdkufemzG,f&m pm&if;udk vufawGU? usdK;aMumif;
qDavsmfESifh ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI[lí tydkif; okH;ydkif;cGJyg/
taMumif;t&m &Sd^r&Sd
• ñTefMum;csufrsm; &Sif;vif;ygovm;/
• oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ykHpHaMumihf roefpGrf; ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;udk csefvSyfxm;rI &SdEdkifovm;/
46 acwfopfq&m
q rdrd\ oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;xJwGif
1/ þtydkif;wGif rdrdtwGuf oif,l&&SdrIaMumihf

txl;wvnf ta&;yg rdrd\ oifMum;a&;ü
onf[kxifaom oif,l rnfonhf tjrif
&&SdrI wpfckcktaMumif; ajymif;vJrI jzpfay:yg
azmfjya&;om;yg/ oenf;/
2/ tb,hfaMumihf þtydkif; 4/ txufyg ajymif;vJrI
onf txl;wvnf aMumihf oifMum;ykH
ta&;ygaMumif; ajymif;vJrI &SdEdkifyg
&Sif;jyyg/ ovm;/ rnfodkY
ajymif;vJoifMum;rnf
3/ þtydkif;rS jzpfygoenf;/
xdktaMumif;t&mudk
tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (2 ) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm;

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ t"durlabmif 3 ckrSm vufawGUusrI? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIwdkY
jzpfygonf/ ¤if;rlabmif 3 ckvkH;rSm oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;aumif;wpfcktwGuf ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrsm;jzpfNyD;
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rQwpGm yg0ifygonf/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufay:wGifvnf;aumif;? tusdK;qdik frI edrhfjcif; jrihfjcif;ay:wGifvnf;aumif;?
oifpOfôifNyD; qef;ppfjcif;ay:wGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;OD;a&ay:wGifvnf;aumif; rlwnfNyD; tcsdKUaom
vufawGUusrI? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm; ay:aygufrnfjzpfygonf/
,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom? vufawGUusaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;jzpf&ef qef;ppf&rnhf
ausmif;om;OD;a&? oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppf&jcif; &nf&G,fcsuf? qef;ppfcsdeftajctaersm;? ar;cGef;trsdK;tpm;rsm;?
&vmEdkifonhf owif;tcsuftvufrsm; ponfwdkYtjyif rnfolu qef;ppftrSwfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;wdkYudkyg xnhfoGif;
pOf;pm;&ygrnf/

48 acwfopfq&m
3 oif , l r I tuJ j zwf q ef ; ppf j cif ;
vk y f i ef ; trsd K ;tpm;rsm;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
∙ q&mtwwfoif oifwef;om;rsm;onf
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOftrsdK;rsdK;
&SmazGwwfoGm;rnf/
∙ tzGifh vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;ESifh tydwf
vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk cGJjcm;wwfoGm;rnf/
∙ tydwfar;cGef;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk
oifhavsmfpGm a&;qGJwwfoGm;rnf/
∙ tzGifh ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf trSwfay;Z,m;
a&;qGJwwfoGm;rnf/

3.1 tuJjzwfqef;ppfenf;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u oif,lolrsm;\ oif,lwwfajrmufrIudk ppfaq;&ef

rnfodkYaom vkyfief;rsm;tm; tokH;jyKEdkifoenf;/ pm&if;wpfck
jyKpkyg/
∙ pmar;yGJppfjcif;
∙ a[majymwifqufcsuf
c tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; jyKvkyf&mwGif rnfodkYaom tajccH
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;ygoenf;/ pm&if;wpfck
jyKpkyg/
∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;rI trsdK;tpm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsuf (wdk;wufrI
ppfaq;jcif;? oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;? tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom? tp&Sdojzifh..)
∙ bmom&yf
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;
oif,lrI ppfaq;&mwGif rnfonfh oifMum;oif,lrI vkyfief;pOfudkrqdk oif,lrI tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;
vkyfief;aqmifwmtjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ Oyrm q&mwpfOD;onf t*Fvdyfbmom&yf oifwef;wpfck\ aemufqkH;
twef;qkH; pmar;yGJtaeESifh jyZmwfvkyfcdkif;um ausmif;om;wpfOD;csif;pD\ pGrf;aqmifrIudk trSwfay;Z,m;wpf
y;Z,m; ck
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oif,lpOf tuJjzwfcsuftjzpf tokH;jyKonf/ tdrfpmudk ppfaq;jcif;tm;jzifh oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsuf rnfrQ jynfhrDrI
&Sdr&Sd qef;ppfjcif;vnf; aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
a0g[m& oifMum;aom vkyfief;pOfwpfckudk ÓPfprf;NydKifyGJtjzpf jyifqifum ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;udk
tkyfpk ESpfpkcGJNyD; ,SOfNydKifcdkif;Edkifonf/ NydKifyGJudk ausmif;ol ausmif;om;twGuf wdk;wufrI ppfaq;csuftjzpf
aomfvnf;aumif;? vdktyfcsuf&Smaom ppfaq;csuftjzpfaomfvnf;aumif; tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;rsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nf vdktyfcsuf BuD;rm;aeygu q&m q&mronf oifcef;pm tpdwftydkif;tcsdKUudk
jyefvnfoifMum;vdku oifMum;NyD; ppfaq;jcif; ar;cGef;vTm topfxyfay;um ajzqdkcdkif;Edkifonf/
toifhawmfqkH; tuJjzwfppfaq;rI jzpfvm&ef rdrdwdkif;wmvdkaom oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsuf tygt0if tjcm;tcsuf
rsm;pGmtay: rlwnfpOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ tuJjzwfppfaq;csuf tawmfrsm;rsm;onf tcsufrsm;pGmudk
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taumiftxnfazmfcdkif;NyD; ¤if;vkyfief;pOfwGif oifcef;pm acgif;pOfem;vnfrI? okawoepGrf;&nfESifh tzGJUvdkuf
vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;wdkYudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/
oifMum;oif,lrI vkyfief;pOfwpfckudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf wpfcktjzpf ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifcdkif;vdkygu tuJjzwf
qef;ppfcsuf\ &nf&G,fcsufudk jyefpOf;pm;&ef vdktyfonf/ oifMum;qJôif,lNyD;? tusdK;qdkifrI jrifhêdrfh?
vkyfief;pOf\ vufawGUusrI? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&pGm ppfaq;EdkifrI? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI ponfwdkYudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;
&rnf/ ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm; awGUBuHKodjrifzl;aom vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udkom vkyfcdkif;&rnf/ tpDt&ifcHpm
a&;om;jcif;udk wpfcgrQ rawGUBuHK roif,lzl;aom ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf vkyfief;pOf
ay;&mwGif tpDt&ifcHpm a&;cdkif;aom vkyfief;pOf rjzpf&ef vdkygonf/
50 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
* atmufyg tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;udkMunhfyg/
1/ rnfonhfbmom&yfwGif atmufygvkyfief;pOfudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf vkyfief;tjzpf tokH;jyKrnfqdkonhf
tay: rlwnfNyD; yl;wGJyg qufpyfrIjy puf0dkif;o½kyfazmfykHwGif ae&mcsyg/
(*) tcsuftvufrsm;udk o½kyfazmfykHwpfckxJwGif xnhfyg/
(c) tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;yg/ (X) xifay:ausmfMum;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh
(*) aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufyg/ ¤if;wdkY\ atmifjrifrIrsm;udk pm&if;
(C) pmtkyftnTef;wpfck a&;om;yg/ jyKpkyg/
(i) tcsdefZ,m;wpfck zefwD;yg/ (!) yef;csDum;wpfcsyftm;
aq;a&mifcs,fyg/
(p) oifwef;tvkyf½kH aqG;aEG;yGJwpfck
ykHpHxkwfyg/ (¡) *&yfzfykHrS &mcdkifEIef; wGufxkwfyg/
(q) vrf;nTefcsufrsm;ay;yg/ (P) tpD&ifcHpm wpfapmifa&;yg/
(Z) rSef;qcsufwpf&yfudk prf;oyfyg/ (w) ajrykHwpfckudk a&;qGJNyD; tGefvdkif;zdk&rf
wpfckwGif wifyg/
(ps) aqmif;yg;wpfckxJwGifygaom
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tcsuftvuf (x) jzpf&yfavhvmcsufwpfckudk cGJjcrf;
ESifh xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;tjzpf pdwfjzmyg/
cGJjcm;yg/ (') uAsmwpfyk'f &Gwfjyyg/
(n) vufawGUprf;oyfrIwpfck pDpOf (") pmydk'fxJrS trSm;rsm;udk jyifay;yg/
a&;qGJyg/ (e) tyifwpfyif pdkufysdK;yg/
(#) ppfwrf;ar;cGef;vTmwpfckwGif
tajzrsm;jznhfyg/
2/ rdrdoifMum;aom oifcef;pmtm; ppfaq;&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifrnhf vkyfief;rsm;tm; 0dkif;ay;yg/
3/ rdrd\ vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm; oifMum;ay;aom bmom&yfwpfckpDtwGuf tokH;0ifrnhf tuJjzwf
ppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/ rdrdudk,fydkif vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; þpm&if;xJodkY xnhfa&;yg/
ta&;tzwf
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jzpfonf/
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EdkifiHom;ESifh wm0efodpdwf&Sd vkyfief;rsm;udkMunhfyg/
tajccHEdkifiHom;wdkY\ ¤if;wdkYrSm azmfjyyg oif,lrI
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twGuf tokH;0ifygovm;/
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52 acwfopfq&m
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1/ rdrGefwGif EdkifiHom;pdppfa&;u'fESifh EdkifiHul;vufrSwfwdkY&Sdonf/
2/ apma*onf &yf&GmtzGJUtoD;oD;wGif 0ifa&mufulnDaeNyD; c Oya't& owfrSwfaom
&yf&GmwGifvnf; tcrJhausmif;wpfausmif; EdkifiHom;ESifh
wnfaxmifxm;onf/ wm0efodpdwf&Sd EdkifiHom;
wdkY\ uGJjym;rIudk
azmfjyaom pmpDpmuHk;
wpfyk'fa&;yg/
* tajzrSefa&G;yg/
a[majymwifqufcsuf wpfckwGif yg0ifonhf
t&mrSm _______
C wm0efodpdwf&Sd EdkifiHom;wpfOD;taMumif;udk
ig;rdepfpmwifjyyg/ ¤if;wdkY vkyfaqmifaom
(u) tpm;taomuf (c) yg0gydGKifh tvkyfESifh ¤if;wdkY\ b0aemufcH
(*) BudKwifjyifqifrI (C) "mwfykHrsm; tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnhfoGif;wifjyyg/
trSwfay; pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
∙ owif;tcsuftvuf 50%
∙ aemufcHtcsuftvuf okawoe 30%
i wm0efodpdwf&Sd ∙ wifjyrIpGrf;&nf 20%
EdkifiHom;rsm;aMumihf
rdrdwdkYaexdkif&m
&yfuGufrsm;twGif;
rnfodkYaom
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;
p rSm;? rSef a&G;yg/
1/ wm0efodpdwf&Sd EdkifiHom;rsm;onf Oya'udk
&&SdEdkifoenf;/
tNrJvdkufemMuonf/
twef;xJwGif
aqG;aEG;yg/ 2/ wm0efodpdwf&Sd EdkifiHom;rsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif;
twlwuG yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIudk tm;ay;onf/
3/ wm0efodpdwf&Sd EdkifiHom;rsm;onf wjcm;olrsm;tm;
*½kpdkuf apmihfa&Smufay;wwfonhf Muifemwwfolrsm;
jzpfMuonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
i atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;ajzqdkyg/
1/ rnfonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsuf vkyfief;aqmifwmtjzpf tokH;jyK&ef taumif;qkH;
jzpfoenf;/
2/ rnfonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsuf vkyfief;aqmifwmtjzpf rdrdudk,fwdkif aemiftokH;jyK&ef
vdkvm;oenf;/

3. 2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;wpfckESifh pmpDpmuHk; ar;cGef;wdkY\ tokH;uGmjcm;csufrsm;rSm tb,fwdkYenf;/
avYusifYcef;
c atmufyg tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;Oyrmrsm; (1 rS 9 txd) udk Munhfyg/
1/ vkyfief;wpfckpDu rnfonhfbmom&yfudk ppfaq;aejcif;jzpfoenf;/
2/ atmufyg vkyfief;pOf 1 rS 9 udk vkyfief;aqmifwm trsdK;tpm; (u rS ps) ESifh wGJpyfyg/
atmufygwdkYudk EdkifiHrsm;? NrdKUrsm;? vlrsdK;rsm;

i [lí trsdK;tpm;cGJyg/ ii atmufygtjzpftysufrsm;udk
tcsdefjyrsOf;ay:wGif csa&;yg/
India Scottish Hmong Laos Delhi atmifqef;tufwvD oabmwlpmcsKyf
Iran Khmer Arabic Kuala Lumpur Sydney vGwfvyfa&;
Kunming Vietnamese Thai Mexico AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; vkyfBuHowfjzwfcH&rI
iii tajzrSefa&G;yg/
atmufygwdkYteuf j'yfpifr[kwfonhft&mudka&G;yg/
(u) a&T (c) Edkufx½dk*sif (*) a&'D,rf (C) qm;
iv tar;ESifh tajzESifh wGJpyfyg/
How are you? a. fifteen
How old are you? b. 1,500 MMK
How much is that? c. fine, thanks
v tyifwpfyif\ tpmcsufvkyfykH tqihfqihfudk
azmfjyyg/ (pmvkH;a& 100)
vi atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
1/ uGefjrLepftpdk;&\ 0daoovu©Pmrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
2/ oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifpepf\ 0daoovu©Pmrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
3/ tkyfcsKyfrIrJh0g'pGJudkifaom vlYtodkif;t0dkif;rsm;\ 0daoovu©Pmrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
54 acwfopfq&m
vii aysmufaeaom pum;vkH;rsm;udk a&;xnhfyg/
Je m’______ Louis. J’_____ vingt ans.
u/ wGJpyfjcif;
J’ ______ à Paris. Je ______ un étudiant.
c/ pmpDpmuHk;
*/ tpDtpOfcsjcif;
suis appelle habite ai
C/ tzGihfar;cGef;rsm;
i/ tydwfar;cGef;rsm;
p/ trsdK;tpm;cGJjcif;
q/ tajzrSefa&G;
atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/ Z/ tzGihf uGufvyfjznhf
viii ps/ tydwf uGufvyfjznhf
1/ qvdkif;wGif vdar®mfoD; 14 vkH;&Sdonf/
ol\ oli,fcsif; 3 a,mufESifh tnDtrQ
a0pm;vdkygu wpfOD;wGif vdar®mfoD; rnfrQpD
&Sdrnfenf;/
2/ pkpkonf olr\tdrfudk aq;okwfaeonf/
olrwGif aq; 3.1 vDwm&Sdonf/
aq;okwf&ef 7.5 vDwm vdkrnfjzpfonf/
aq;rnfrQ xyf0,f&rnfenf;/
ix atmufygpmaMumif;rsm;udk
tNyD;owf a&;csyg/
1/ jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vlrIrD'D,m\
tusdK;aus;Zl;wpfckrSm ...
2/ jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd vlrIrD'D,m\
qdk;usdK;wpfckrSm ...

tzGifhvkyfief;rsm; ESifh
tydwfvkyfief;rsm;
tydwf (xdef;ausmif;uefUowfrIrsm;aom? &Sdaom)
vkyfief;rsm;wGif rSefuefaom tajzwpfckom
&Sdonf/ ausmif;om;tajzonf tajzrSefESifh
trSm;om&SdEdkifonf/ Oyrm - yihfulwGif
ajcacsmif; rnfrQ&Sdoenf;qdkaom ar;cGef;twGuf
wpfckwnf;aom tajzrSefrSm ]8} jzpfonf/
oif,lolrsm;u 8 r[kwfaom tjcm; tajz
ajzygu tajzrSm;jzpfonf/
tzGihf (xdef;ausmif;uefUowfrIenf;aom?
r&Sdaom) vkyfief;rsm;wGif tajzrSefrsm;pGm
&Sdonf/ oif\ tBudKufqkH;ta&mifrSm
tb,fenf;/ bmaMumihfenf;qdkaom ar;cGef;
twGuf tajzrSefrsm;pGm&Sdonf/ oif,lolrsm;rS
¤if;wdkYBudKufaom ta&mifwpfrsdK;ESifh taMumif;jycsufrsm; a&;xm;ygu trSwfjynhf&Edkifonf/ Oyrm
]Muufaygufuav;rsm;udk cspfaomaMumihf t0ga&mifudk BudKufonf/}
]jidrf;csrf;aom cHpm;rIudk ay;aomaMumihf tpdrf;a&mifudk BudKufonf/}
]tpdrf;a&mif? tvif;jzihf tpmcsufjcif;onf vlom;tm;vkH; touf"mwftwGuf
ta&;ygaomaMumihf}
txufyg Oyrmtm;vkH;rSm tajzrSefrsm;jzpfonf/ atmufyg erlemwGifrl
]tjzLa&mif - uREfkyf ,ck tjzLa&mif tusÐ0wfxm;ygonf -
qdkonhf tajzu wpfpdwfwpfydkif; rSefuefygonf/ ta&mifar;xm;aomaMumihf ta&mifajzaomfvnf;
taMumif;jycsuf ray;xm;aomaMumihf wpf0ufom rSefonf[k qdkEdkifonf/
tcsdKUvkyfief;rsm;rSm tenf;i,fom zGihfay;xm;onf/ (qdkvdkonfrSm rSefaomtajz tenf;i,f&Sdonf/)
tcsdKUvkyfief;rsm;rSm vkH;0tzGihfjzpfaomaMumihf trSwfay;&cufwwfonf/ xdktcg trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;
&Sdxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/
tydwf vkyfief;rsm;onf ykHrSeftm;jzihf rSwfrdjcif;ESifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;wdkYuJhodkYaom tajccH
pOf;pm;jcif; pGrf;&nfrsm;udk tuJjzwfNyD;? tokH;csjcif;? cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;? okH;oyfa0zefjcif;?
wDxGifzefwD;jcif;wdkYuJhodkYaom pOf;pm;jcif;pGrf;&nf tjrihfydkif;udk ppfaq;&mwGif tzGihf\vkyfief;rsm;udk
okH;avh&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumihf q&m q&mrrsm;onf A[kokwudk tuJjzwfaomtcg tydwfvkyfief;rsm;udk ydkí
tokH;jyKMuNyD; uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh wefzdk;pHEIef;vdkufemrIrsm;udk tuJjzwfonhftcgwGif tzGihfvkyfief;rsm;udk
ydkí tokH;jyKMuonf/
56 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
* 3.2 c yg vkyfief;pOfrsm; (i rS ix txd) udk vkH;0 tydwfvkyfief;rS tzGihfvkyfief;pOfrsm;txd atmufyg
a&mifpOfrsOf;ay:wGif tzGihf tydwf jzpfrItvdkuf ae&mcsyg/
tydwf tzGihf
C 3.2 c &Sd vkyfief;rsm; (i rS ix txd) udk jyefMunhfyg/

1/ tydwfvkyfief; 3 ckudk a&G;cs,fNyD; tzGihfydkjzpfatmif jyifa&;yg/
2/ tzGihfvkyfief; 2 ck udk a&G;NyD; tydwfbufydka&mufoGm;atmif ajymif;yg/
3/ vkyfief;wpfckpDudk ydkrdkyGihfatmif? ydwfatmif vkyfjcif;tm;jzihf tqdkyg vkyfief;wpfckpD ydkaumif;oGm;onf
xifygovm;/ tb,faMumihf xifoenf;^ rxifoenf;/
aqG;aEG;csuf
i atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ ausmif;om;b0wGif oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;rsm; ajzqdk&mwGif uRefawmf ausmif;wufwkef;u
tzGihfESifh tydwf rnfonfudkydkí
Budrfzefrsm;pGm ajzcJh&ygoenf;/ tNrJwrf; rSm;^rSefa&may;xm;wmudk
2/ q&mb0wGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; trSefa&G;&wJh vkyfief;pOfawG
vkyfief;rsm; pDpOf&mwGif tzGihfESifh
tydwf rnfonfudkydkí Budrfzefrsm;pGm erlemtajz trsm;qkH;vkyfcJh&w,f/
a&;om;ar;jref; jzpfygoenf;/

3.3 tydwfvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
1/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwfvkyfief;rsm; a&;om;&mwGif tcufcJqkH;tydkif;rSm tb,fenf;/
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwfvkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaom t"dujyóemrSm tb,fenf;/
vkyfief;pOf
c atmufwGif azmfjyxm;aom t*Fvdyfbmompum; ppfaq;onhf pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;udkMunhfyg/
rSefuefaom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk jznfhyg/
I live ______a. a large house with my mother, my ______b. and my brothers. We also have ______c. dog.
My dog’s ______d. is Rambo.
1/ txufygar;cGef;\ tajzrsm;udk a&;csyg/

2/ atmufwGif rat;cdkif\ tajzrsm;udkMunhfyg/ rnfodkY trSwfay;rnfenf;/
rSefuefaom pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk jznfhyg/
I live near a. a large house with my mother, my cat b. and my brothers. We also have two c. dog.
My dog’s friend d. is Rambo.
3/ trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;udk pmrsufESm atmufbufwGif jyxm;ygonf/ oifhtajzrsm; rSefygovm;/ rat;cdkif

tajzrsm; rSefygovm;/
4/ þppfaq;csufESifh trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;wGif rnfonfh jyóem &Sdoenf;/
trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;
a) in b) father c) a d) name
58 acwfopfq&m
,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom
tydwfar;cGef;rsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;onf trSwfay;&ef
tvGefvG,fulaomaMumihf
q&m^q&mrrsm;u BudKufMuonf/
odkYaomf ¤if;wdkYrSm ,kHMunfpdwfcs
&aom tydwfar;cGef;jzpf&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ odkY&mwGif
q&m^q&mr rsm;onf tydwf
ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;&mwGif
trSefwu,f tydwfar;cGef;
rjzpfaebJ tajztrsdK;rsdK; xGufEdkif
aom ar;cGef;rsm; jzpfoGm;wwfonf/
wpfcgwpf&H oif,lolrS tajzrSef
a&;xm;aomfvnf; q&m^q&mrrS
vdkcsifaom tajzESifh udkufnDrIr&Sd
jzpfwwfonf/
tydwf ar;cGef;rsm;^ vkyfief;rsm;udk
ausmif;om;rsm;xH ay;ydkYppfaq;jcif;
rjyKrDwGif *½kwpdkuf jyefvnf
ppfaq;oihfygonf/
∙ jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrSef
wpfckwnf;&Sdwm aocsmyg
ovm;/
wpfckxuf ydk&Sdygu trSwfppfol
rsm;rS trSefay;&rnfudk
odygovm;/
wpfckxuf ydk&Sdygu tjcm;
tajzrSefrsm;udkvnf; xnhfcGihf
&SdaMumif; ausmif;om;rsm;
od&SdMuygovm;/
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;onf trSwfppf&m
wGif vufawGUusonf/ odkY&mwGif
a&;om;pDpOf&onfrSm tcsdef
MumjrihfEdkifonf/ txl;ojzihf
tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom oif,lrI
tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;rsm;twGuf
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;udk txl;
*½kpdkufNyD; vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfaom
aMumihfyifjzpfonf/

vkyfief;pOf
* atmufyg pmzwfpGrf;&nf ppfaq;aom pmydk'fudk zwf½INyD; ar;cGef; 1 rS 3 txdudk ajzqdkyg/
pmydk'fzwfajz (12 rSwf)

ay;xm;aom pmydk'fudkzwfNyD; atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkajzyg/
wpfcgwpf&H vlwdkYonf ta&SUawmiftm&S yifrukef;ajrESihf yifv,fa&aMumif; (odkYr[kwf uRef;)
ta&SUawmiftm&StaMumif;udk ajymavh&SdMuonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&S yifrukef;ajronf useftm&SEdkifiHrsm;ESihf
qufpyfonf/ yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&SESihf ta&SUawmiftm&S yifrukef;ajrtMum;wGif
yifv,fESihfjcm;xm;onf/ yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&Sudk uRef;BuD; uRef;i,frsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;
onf/ ta&SUawmiftm&S yifrukef;ajrtm; jzwfoef;pD;qif;aom jrpfrsm;ESihf jzwfoef;oG,fwef;xm;aom
awmifwef;rsm;vnf;&Sdonf/ jrpf0Srf;wpfavQmuf&Sd ajrMoZmaumif;aom csdKihf0Srf;rsm;ESihf vGifjyifrsm;udk
pdkufysdK;a&;twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ ta&SUawmiftm&S yifrukef;ajra'oBuD;udk taemufydkif;ESihf ta&SUydkif;
a'orsm;tjzpfvnf; cGJjcm;owfrSwfavh&Sdonf/
yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&S\ uRef;rsm;ywfvnf&Sd yifv,frsm;onf oabFmrsm;oGm;vma&;ESihf
ukefoG,fa&;twGuf ta&;BuD;onf/ ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHtrsm;pkonf ta&SUawmiftm&S yifr ukef;ajr
a'oBuD;wGifvnf;aumif;? yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&SwGifvnf;aumif; wnf&SdMuonf/ odkYaomf
rav;&Sm;wGif taemufrav;&Sm;ESihf ta&SUrav;&Sm;[lí a'oESpfck&Sdí taemufrav;&Sm;onf yifr
ukef;ajra'oBuD;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfNyD; ta&SUrav;&Sm;onf yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&S&Sd
abmfeD,dkuRef;ay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/
ASEAN, Mote Oo Education, 2014 rS xkwfEkwfjyefqdkxm;onf/
(u) trSefuefqkH;tajzudka&G;yg/
(i) yifv,fydkif; ta&SUawmiftm&SESifh ta&SUawmiftm&Syifr ukef;ajrudk jcm;xm;onfht&mrSm tb,fenf;/
(u) uRef;rsm; (c) csdKihf0Srf;rsm; (*) yifv,fa&jyif
(ii) rnfonfhajryHku trSefjzpfoenf;/
(u)
Thailand
West Malaysia Brunei

East Malaysia
Indonesia Singapore Indonesia
60 acwfopfq&m
(c)
Thailand
East Malaysia
Singapore
West Malaysia
Indonesia
Indonesia
(*)
West Malaysia
East Malaysia Brunei
Indonesia
Indonesia Singapore
(c) atmufygpum;vkH;rsm;ESihf t"dyÜm,fwlaom pum;vkH;^pum;pkrsm;udk txufyg pmydk'fwGif&Smyg/
(i) aqG;aEG; (ii) ork'´&m (iii) {&d,m
(*) 0gusrsm;udk jznfhpGuftNyD;owfyg/
(i) yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&Sudk 0ef;&Hxm;onfrSm _____________ jzpfMuonf/
(ii) _____________ teD;rS {&d,mrsm;udk pdkufysKd;a&;twGuf tokH;jyKonf/
(C) rSm;^rSefa&G;yg/
(i) yifv,fa&aMumif; ta&SUawmiftm&SwpfcGifrS yifv,fe,fedrdwfonf a&aMumif;oGm;vma&;ESihf
ukefoG,fa&;twGuf ta&;ygvsuf&Sdygonf/
(ii) ta&SUawmiftm&S jynfrtydkif;udk ajrmufydkif;ESihf awmifydkif;tjzpf cGJjcm;Edkifonf/
(iii) abmfeD,dkuRef;ay:wGif rav;&Sm;ydkifeuf wpfpdwfwpfydkif;&Sdonf/
1/ atmufygvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk wGJpyfay;yg/

(i) wGJpyfjcif; (iii) tajzrSefa&G;ar;cGef;
(ii) tydwf ar;cGef;rsm; (iv) tydwf uGufvyfjznhf
2/ rnfonhfar;cGef;rsm;rSm vkH;0 tydwfar;cGef;rsm; jzpfoenf;/ rnfonhf ar;cGef;rsm;rSm wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
tzGihf ar;cGef;rsm; jzpfoenf;/ (tajzrSef wpfckxuf ydkrdkajzí&jcif;udk qdkvdkonf/)
3/ þppfaq;rItwGuf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sdaom trSwfay;vrf;nTefwpfcka&;yg/

aqG;aEG;csuf
C 3.3. * wGif ygaom pmzwfpGrf;&nf pmar;yGJyg eHygwf (u) \ ar;cGef; (1) udk Munhfyg/
1/ xdkar;cGef;wGif rnfodkYaom jyóem&Sdaeygoenf;/
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwfar;cGef;rsm; ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI &Sd^r&Sd q&mwpfa,muftaeESifh
rnfodkYaocsmatmif ppfaq;rnfenf;/
avYusifYcef;
i atmufygwdkYrSm oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwfar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;&mwGif vdkufem&rnhf pnf;rsOf; 4 ck
ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ ajz&Sif;csufrsm;jzpfonf/ pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkY\ ajz&Sif;csufrsm;udk wGJay;yg/
tydwfar;cGef; a&;enf; pnf;rsOf;rsm;
1 ½dk;&Sif;aom 0guszGJUpnf;ykHESifh vlokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH;rsm;udkokH;yg/ (tqihfjrihf bmompum;

tokH;csrI pGrf;&nfppfaq;aom pmar;yGJrsm;rS vGJí)
2 rSefaom tajzwdkif;udk tajzrSef trSwfay;Edkifatmif pDpOfxm;yg/
3 pmwydk'ftay: em;vnfoabmaygufrItm; ppfaq;vdkygu pmydk'frS pum;vkH;rsm;udk

ar;cGef;xJwGif twdtus xnhfoGif;tokH;rjyKygESifh/
(u) oif,lolrsm;onf oifcef;
4 nTefMum;csufrsm;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;a&;yg/ taMumif;t&mudk odaumif;odrn
pm\
f jzpfaomfvnf;
nTefMum;csufrsm;rSm ½IyfaxG;aeygu
pmar;yGJ
us½IH;Edkifonf/ jzpfEdkifrnfqdkvQif
¤if;wdkY
twef;xJwGif vkyfaqmifzl;aom
vkyfief;pOf
trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/
(c) oif,lolrsm;onf tajzrSe
frsm;udk ay;aumif;
ay;vdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf pmar;yGJar;c
Gef; a&;qGJpOf
wGif q&mu pDpOfxm;onhf tajzE
Sifh uGJvGJae
Edkifonf/
(*) þar;cGef;u pmvkH;udkjrifv
Qif rSwfrdjcif;&Sd^r&Sdukd
ppfaq;jcif;omjzpfNyD; em;vnfr
Iudk
rppfaq;Edkifyg/
(C) ½IyfaxG;aom tokH;tEIef;rsm
;onf
oif,lolrsm;\ bmom&yfqdkif&m
A[kokwudk
ppfaq;jcif;r[kwfbJ bmompu
m;
wwfuRrf;rItm; ppfaq;jcif;jzpfo
nf/
62 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
p pmzwfpGrf;&nf ppfaq;aom atmufygar;cGef;udkMunhfyg/
1/ 3.3 i u rnfonhf pnf;rsOf;rlabmifudk csdK;azmufaejcif; jzpfygoenf;/
2/ rnfodkY jyefvnfjyifqifEdkifoenf;/
Read Kyi Kyi’s letter To Zainab. A. Fill the gaps.

Dear Zainab, 1. Kyi Kyi lives in a ____ apartment
My name is Kyi Kyi. I am 11 years old and live in Yangon with my in Yankin.
mother and auntie. We live in a small apartment in Yankin. 2. Her favourite subject is ____.
I like reading, playing volleyball and dancing. My favourite subject is
science.
B. True or false?
I am glad to be your pen pal and look forward to hearing from you.
1. Kyi Kyi is 12 years old.
2. She likes reading, playing football
Yours truly,
and dancing.
Kyi Kyi 3. She is sad to be Zainab’s pen pal.
tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm;onf vlBudKufrsm;aom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
xdkar;cGef;rsm; a&;onhftcg trSm;t,Gif;jzpfEdkifonhf tvm;tvmrsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ xdkYaMumihf ¤if; - tajzrSefa&G;
(Multiple Choice) - ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf wdusaom pnf;rsOf;rsm;&Sdonf/
tajzrSefa&G; (Multiple Choice) ar;cGef;rsm;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;rSm -
The acronym 'NGO' means ______ rl&if;ar;cGef;

a. National Governmental Office
b. Next Generation Operations
tm½HkvTJaom
tajzrSm;rsm;
c. National Greater Organisation
d. Non-governmental Organisation tajzrSef
tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm;udk a&;om;onhftcg atmufygwdkYudk vdkufem&ygrnf/

1/ a&G;p&mtajztm;vkH;? tm½kHvTJaom tajzrSm;rsm;ES ; ifh tajzrSefudk pmom;twdkt&Snf nDatmifxm;yg/
2/ a&G;p&mtajztm;vkH;rSm eD;pyfaom jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaomt&mrsm;
om jzpf&rnf/
3/ (rSefuefaom tajzwpfckwnf;om &Sd&rnfqdkygu) rSefuefaom tajzwpfckom&Sd&ef aocsmppfaq;yg/
4/ rSefuefaom tajzwpfckyg&Sd&ef aocsmppfaq;yg/
5/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk ½IyfaxG;aom pum;vkH;rsm; odkYr[kwf ]ESpfxyfuGrf; tjiif;0gus} (double negatives)
rsm;jzihf rsufpd½Iyfatmif vSnhfpm;jcif; rjyK&/
6/ ar;cGef;wpfckpDwdkif;twGuf wlnDaom a&G;p&m tajzyrmP (rsm;aomtm;jzihf okH;ck odkYr[kwf av;ck)
&Sd&rnf/

vkyfief;pOf
q atmufyg tajccHtqihf t*Fvdyfpm tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;udkajzqdkNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzyg/
1/ ar;cGef;wpfckpDonf pmrsufESm 63 ü azmfjyxm;aom pnf;rsOf;wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufydkaom
pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh qefYusifaeonf/ rnfonhf ar;cGef;rsm;onf rnfonhf pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh qefYusifae
oenf;/
2/ þpnf;rsOf;rsm;onf tb,faMumihf tokH;0ifygoenf;/ xdkpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk rvdkufemygu rnfodkY
jzpfEdkifoenf;/
3/ pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk vdkufem&ef ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajymif;vJa&;om;yg/
ELEMENTARY ENGLISH (10 marks)
A. Bo Bo and Jenny are having a B. Fill the gaps where there is a line in
conversation. Choose the best the text with the most appropriate
word. word or verb tense that you can
see.
i. Bo Bo: Hi, Jenny.
How are ______? i. The ball isn’t ______ the
a. me b. she c. I d. it box.
a. beside b. not on
ii. Jenny: I’m good. c. with d. on top of
Where are you ______?
ii. Yesterday, my brother ______.
a. go b. doing
a. is going to the doctor
c. do d. went
b. will see a doctor for a checkup
e. going f. eat
c. was sick
iii. Bo Bo: To my sister’s house. d. is not healthy because he
smokes
She ______ Bhamo.
a. live b. is currently living in
iii. ______ is an example of a
c. goes d. is
vegetable.
iv. Jenny: What ______ is your train? a. cabbage b. potato

a. banana b. table c. carrot d. all of these
c. time d. elephant
iv. 'The floor is wet. Walk ______.'
v. Bo Bo: At ______. a. carefully b. careful

a. 3.30 b. 3.45 c. slowly d. slow
c. 4.00 d. 4.15
v. My favourite school subject is ______.
a. blue b. boat
c. fast d. none of these
64 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
Z rdrdESifh bmom&yfwl oifMum;aom q&m^q&mr &SdvQif ¤if;ESifh ESpfOD;wGJtvdkuf atmufygwdkYudk
vkyfaqmifyg/
1/ tydwfar;cGef; tenf;qkH; 10 cka&;yg/ tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef; 5 ckESifh tjcm; tydwfar;cGef; trsdK;tpm;
tenf;qkH; 5cka&;yg/
2/ rdrd\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk wGJzuftm; ajzqdkcdkif;NyD; rdrdrS ¤if;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
3/ ar;cGef;rsm;onf pmrsufESm 62 &Sd vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk vdkufemjcif;&Sd^r&Sd ppfaq;yg/
4/ rdrdwGJzuf\ ar;cGef;rsm;tay: wkHYjyefcsuf rSwfcsufrsm;ay;yg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
ps atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ þtydkif;wGif azmfjyxm;aom pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;rsm; csdK;azmufxm;onhf ppfaq;rIwpfckudk
oifajzqdkzl;ygovm;/ ajzqdkaepOftwGif; ppfaq;rIwGif wpfckckrSm;aeaMumif; odcJhygovm;/ ajzNyD;
trSwfxGufaomtcg trSwfaumif; &&SdcJhygovm;/
2/ tydwfar;cGef; trsdK;tpm;rsm; pDpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif q&m^q&mrrsm; taeESifh rnfodkYaom trSm;rsdK;udk
trsm;qkH; jyKvkyfrdMuoenf;/

3.4 tzGifhvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u tufaq;rsm;ESifh a[majymwifqufcsufrsm;udk rnfodkY trSwfay;ygoenf;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwfar;cGef;rsm;\ tuefUtowfrsm;

tajzrSef tajzrSm;&Sdaom tydwfar;cGef; (xdef;ausmif;uefYowfrIrsm;aom) oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf tvGefvufawGUusNyD; rsm;aomtm;jzihf
,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ppfaq;rIrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf tajzrSefa&G;? rSm;^rSefa&G;? wGJpyfESifh
tjcm;aom tydwfar;cGef;ykHpHrsm;rSm tuJjzwf ppfaq;olrsm;Mum;wGif a&yef;pm;onf/
odkYaomf ¤if;wdkYonf wwfajrmufrIwdkif;udk wdkif;wm&eftwGuf usdK;aMumif;nDnGwfrI
r&Sday/ uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk tuJjzwfjcif;? pma&;avhusihfcef;? tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifjcif;?
wifqufrIrsm; odkYr[kwf rdefYcGef;rsm;? oabmxm;rsm;
oabmxm;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrsm; ponfwdkYonf
ydkrdkí tzGihfjzpfaom (xdef;ausmif;uefYowfrIenf;aom) vkyfief;rsm;udk vdktyfonf/
66 acwfopfq&m
c atmufygvkyfief;rsm;udk rnfodkY tuJjzwfppfaq;rnfenf;/ rnfonhftcsufrsm;tay: tajccHí ppfaq;jcif;
jyKvkyfrnfenf;/
vkyfief;pOf
* atmufyg ocFsmoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ar;cGef;udkMunhfyg/
i . _______ x _______ = 24 iii . _______ > 4

ii . _______ % of 50 = _______ iv . _______ + 15 = _______
1/ txufyg ykpämudkajzyg/
2/ twef;azmfESifh ESpfOD;wGJtvdkuf tvkyfvkyfyg/ tcsif;csif; tajzrsm;udk trSwfjcpfyg/ rdrdtajzrSefovm;/
3/ þpmrsufESm\ atmufwGif ausmif;om;wpfOD;\ tajzrsm; jyxm;ygonf/ ¤if;udk rnfodkY trSwfjcpfrnfenf;/
tajzrSefygovm;/
trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;
i . _______ x _______ = 24 iii . _______ > 4

ii . _______ % of 50 = _______ iv . _______ + 15 `=_______

vkyfief;pOf
C atmufygEdkifiHa&; bmom&yf\ ppfaq;rIudkMunhfyg/ rdcsrf;ESifh ausmfaZmwdkY rwluGJjym;pGm ajzqdkcJhMuonf/
EdkifiHa&;pepfrsm; (8 rSwf) rdcsrf; EdkifiHa&;pepfrsm; (8 rSwf) ausmfaZm

1/ oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifpepfESifh bk&m;ausmif; 1/ oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifpepfESifh bk&m;ausmif;
rsm; tkyfcsKyfaom EdkifiHa&;pepf (theocracy) rsm; tkyfcsKyfaom EdkifiHa&;pepf (theocracy)
\ jcm;em;csufrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ \ jcm;em;csufrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf Oyrmwpfckay;yg/ wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf Oyrmwpfckay;yg/
bk&ifpepfjzihf tkyfcsKyfaom b½lEdkif;EdkifiHwGif oufOD;qHydkif bk&ifpepfESihf bk&m;ausmif; tkyfcsKyfaom
bk&if odkYr[kwf bk&ifronf tkyfcsKyfoljzpfjyD; EdkifiHa&;pepf (theocracy) wdkYrSm tvGefuGJjym;
bk&m;ausmif;rsm; tkyfcsKyfaom EdkifiHa&;pepf jcm;em;onf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm rwlnDMuay/ ¤if;wdkYwGif
(theocracy) &Sdonfh wdAufEdkifiHwGif bmoma&; rwluGJjym;aom pepfrsm;ESihf tawG;tac:rsm;
acgif;aqmif 'vdkif;vm;rm;onf tkyfcsKyfoljzpfonf/ &SdMuNyD; aemufqufwGJ &v'frsm;ESihf jzpfay:vmaom
b0aexdkifrI ykHpHrsm;rSmvnf; wlEdkifrnfr[kwf/
2/ rif;rJhtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf\ t"duvu©Pmrsm;
rSm tb,fenf;/ ¤if;\ aumif;usdK; 2/ rif;rJhtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf\ t"duvu©Pm
qdk;usdK;rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ ¤if;\ aumif;usdK;
rif;rJhpepfwGif acgif;aqmifr&Sd? tkyfcsKyfolr&Sd? qdk;usdK;rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
jynfe,fcGJrsm;r&Sd/ aumif;onhftcsufu vlqdk;rsm; rif;rJhpepfonf tpdk;&tm; tvdkr&Sdonhf
tmPm&jcif; r&SdEdkifawmh/ qdk;onfhtcsufu cdkuf&ef EdkifiHa&;pepfjzpfonf/ tpdk;& rvdkcsifonfh
jzpfyGm;rI tvGefrsm;jym;vmrnf/ pepfjzpfonf/
1/ ¤if;wdkY\ tajzrsm;udk trSwfay;yg/

2/ okH;a,muf odkYr[kwf av;a,muf
tzGJUrsm;xJwGif tcsif;csif; trSwfay;xm;
onfrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/ ay;xm;onhf
trSwfrsm; wlMuygovm;/
3/ rdrdwdkY ay;xm;aom trSwfrsm;udk
aqG;aEG;yg/
(u) ay;onhftrSwfrsm; uGJjym;vGef;
aejcif;onf jyóemwpfck
jzpfygovm;/
(c) trSwfay;ol uGJjym;vQifyif
wlnDonhf tajzrsm;twGuf
wlnDonhf trSwfrsm; ay;Edkifap&ef
rnfodkY vkyfaqmifEdkifygoenf;/
68 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
i Oyrmay;xm;aom pmpDpmuHk;tm;zwfNyD; atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udkajzyg/
1/ rnfonhf bmom&yfESifh rnfonfhtwef;[k xifygoenf;/
2/ tu,fí ¤if;pmpDpmuHk;onf t*Fvdyfbmompum; oifwef;wpfck\ ]oif\NrdKUtaMumif; pmpDpmuHk;
a&;yg} [laom ppfaq;rIqdkygu þpmpDpmuHk;udk rnfuJhodkY trSwfay;Edkifrnfenf;/ trSwfjynhf 100 wGif
þpmpDpmuHk;udk trSwfrnfrQay;rnfenf;/
3/ tu,fí ¤if;onf t*Fvdyfbmompum;jzihf oifMum;aom pD;yGm;a&;rdwfquf oifwef;wpfck\
]oifaexdkif&m a'o\ pD;yGm;a&;udk twdkcsKyfazmfjyyg} [laom ppfaq;rIqdkygu þpmpDpmuHk;udk
rnfuJhodkY trSwfay;Edkifrnfenf;/ trSwfjynhf 100 wGif þpmpDpmuHk;udk trSwfrnfrQay;rnfenf;/
4/ trSwfrsm;udk tzGJUrsm;xJwGif aqG;aEG;yg/ tzGJU0iftm;vkH;u t*Fvdyfpm oifwef;ESifh pD;yGm;a&; oifwef;
ESpfrsdK;vkH;twGuf trSwfay;csufrsm; wlnDMuygovm;/
My Essay
Near to my house there are a market. A lot people from town work.
Because our town us a market town. It is beside sittaung river and
lot roads go in the town so people come to my town to the market.
Many things at the market. People bring thing for sell. Some fishers
bring fish from sittaung river. Some wooders bring wood cutting in
forest. Some growers are vegetables and farmers also rice. Our town
is famous for good animals so you can get high-society cows and
buffolas.
Because our town is impotant for roads and river and people like our
animal and vegetables our town is popular for buyyers. So our town
can get money and build schools and roads.

trSwfay;Z,m;
oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif; tzGifhvkyfief;rsm;onf ausmif;om;rsm;rS owif;tcsuftvufESifh
uRrf;usifrItopfrsm;udk rnfodkY tokH;jyKonfudk wdkif;wm&eftwGuf usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom
enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf? odkYaomf ¤if;wdkYonf trSwfay;&mü vufawGUusrIESifh ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
tm;enf;onf/ tajztm;vkH;udk rSefuefpGmESifh rQwpGm trSwfay;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpf&yf jyifqifa&;om;aomtcgwGif tzGifhvkyfief;rsm;udk
*½kwpdkufppfaq;yg/
∙ trSwfay; tuJjzwfolrS jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom tajzrSefrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfygovm;?
∙ trSwfay; tuJjzwfolrsm;twGuf vrf;nTefrsm; &&SdEdkifygovm;?
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;udk a&;&onfrSmvG,fonf? odkYaomf trSwfjcpfonfhtcg
,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ar;cGef;jzpfap&efESifh oif,lolrsm; &&SdaomtrSwfrsm;rSm w&m;rQwrI &Sdap&ef
pDrH&ygrnf? xdkodkY pDrH&ef trSwfay;Z,m;jzpfap? trSwfay;pHpm&if;jzpfap vdktyfEdkifygonf/
atmufyg pmuGufrSm tzGifhvkyfief;pOfwpfcktwGuf nTefMum;csufrsm; jzpfygonf/
þwpfywfwmwGif; oifMum;cJhonfh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk tokH;csNyD; ]]acgif;aqmifwpfOD;wGif &Sdxdkuf

onfh ta&;tygqkH;0daoorsm;rSm tb,fwdkYenf;/ ¤if;wdkYudk vdktyf&jcif;taMumif;ESifh tokH;jyKykH
enf;vrf;rsm;udk &Sif;yg/}} [lonfh ar;cGef;udk wpfydk'fvQif pmvkH;a& 100 rS 200 xd&Sdaom pmydk'f 2
ydk'f^3 ydk'fa&;om;ajzqdkyg/
70 acwfopfq&m
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tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;[lonfh enf;vrf;okH;rsdK;okH;Edkifonf/
trSwfay;pHpm&if;rSm tajccH tusqkH; t½dk;&Sif;qkH; trSwfay;Z,m;ykHpHjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk
trSwfay;&mwGif tokH;jyK&rnfh pHEIef;rsm;udk pm&if;csa&;&rnf/ xdkYaemuf xdkpHESifh udkufnDonfESifh pHEIef;
wpfckcsif;pDab;wGif trSwfjcpfvdkuf&rnf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh pHEIef;wpfckcsif;pDab;wGif auseyfzG,f&m&Sd
(1 rSwf)? auseyfzG,fr&Sd (0 rSwf) [kxm;avh&SdMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
trSwfay; pHpm&if;
pHEIef; auseyfzG,f&Sd auseyfzG,fr&Sd
1/ tao;pdwfa&;om; azmfjyjcif;&Sdonf/
2/ tawG;tjrifrsm; udk,fydkifjzpfonf/
3/ t"dutcsufESifh taxmuftxm;jyonfh
tawG;rsm;rSm usdK;aMumif;qufpyfrI&Sdonf/
4/ qDavsmfaom a0g[m&rsm;udk rSefuefpGmokH;onf/
5/ qDavsmfaom o'´gtokH;rsm;udk rSefuefpGmokH;onf/
6/ yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm; rSefuefonf/
7/ a&;om;wnfaqmufykH &Sif;vif;onf/
8/ a&;xm;ykHudk zwf&vG,fonf/
trSwfaygif; ^8
q&mrSwfcsuf
aemufqkH;&rSwfrSm auseyfzG,f&Sd[k owfrSwfcH&aom pHEIef;pkpkaygif; ta&twGufjzpfonf/
½dk;&Sif;aom trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;vnf; &SdEdkifonf/ pHEIef;pm&if;wpfck

tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;
yg0ifNyD; trSwfay;pHpm&if;xuf ydkrdk a,bk,sus tusOf;csKyf
a&;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ trSwfay;pHpm&if;ESifh rwlonfhtcsufrSm
tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;wGif trSwf 1 ESifh 0 om &Sdjcif;r[kwfbJ tawG;tjrifrsm; ^5
trSwftrsdK;rsdK;ay;Edkifjcif;jzpfonf/ pHEIef;wpfckudk 1 rSwfESifh 0 rSwf taMumif;t&m ^5
om r[kwfbJ trSwf 1 rSwfxuf ydkay;EdkifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ qufpyfrI ^5
Oyrm wifjycsuf ^5
tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;wGif pHEIef;ESifh pHEIef;twGuf &Edkifaom pkpkaygif; ^20
trSwfjynfhudk azmfjyxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif trSwfrnfrQ&jcif;onf
rnfonfh oabm[lonfh &Sif;vif;csufawmhrygyg/ xdkYaMumifh q&mrSwfcsuf
pHEIef;wpfcktwGuf ausmif;om;u 5 rSwf tjynfhr&bJ 4 rSwfom
&onfhtcg q&mu tb,fhaMumifh trSwfjynfh ray;aMumif;
r&Sif;jyvQif ausmif;om;onf trSwfbmaMumifh avQmhrSef;odrnf
r[kwfyg/

aemufxyf enf;vrf;wpfckrSm tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;udk okH;jcif;jzpfonf/ tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;udk
xyfcsJUxm;onfh ykHpHjzpfonf/ tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;uJhodkYyif pHEIef;wpfckatmufwGif trSwftrsdK;rsdK;ay;í&onf/
pHEIef;ESifh pHwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf trSwfjynfhtjyif trSwftqifhwpfckwGif ausmif;om;&Sd&rnfh pGrf;aqmif&nfowfrSwf
azmfjycsufrsm;vnf
sm; ; ygygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh -
trSwfESifh pGrf;aqmif&nftqifh &Sif;vif;csufrsm;

;pdwf
tao y;Z,m; 1 rSwf 3 rSwf 5 rSwf
&rSwf
fa
trSw (owfrSwfcsufatmuf) (owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD) (owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef)
• rlydkiftawG;tBuHryg • rlydkiftawG;tcsdKU yg0if/ • rlydkiftawG;rsm;/ ^5

tvGefenf;/
• rlydkifawG;xm;aom • rlydkiftaxmuftxm;
tawG;ydkif; • rlydkifawG;xm;aom taxmuftxm; pOf;pm;ykH pOf;pm;ykHrsm;ESifh
taMumif; taxmuftxm; pOf;pm;ykHryg/ tcsdKUyg0if/ taMumif;jycsufrsm; cdkifrm/
t&mydkif;
• tao;pdwfryg0if/ • tawG;rsm;udk tao;pdwf • tawG;rsm;udk tao;pdwf
&Sif;jyjcif; tcsdKUyg0if/ rsm;pGmjzifh wifjy/
• t"dutcsufudk • t"dutcsuf tcsdKUudk • t"dutcsuf tm;vkH;udk ^5

OD;wnfwifjyjcif; tm;enf;/ OD;wnfwifjy/ OD;wnfwifjy/
qDavsmfrIydkif;
• tawG;rsm; rqufpyf/ • tawG;rsm;onf • tawG;rsm;tm;vkH;
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
rsm;aomtm;jzifh qufpyf/ qufpyfrI&Sd/
• a0g[m& tuefYtowf&Sd? • a0g[m&tokH; pkHvif? • a0g[m& <u,f0pGm okH;/ ^5

pmvkH;aygif; trSm; tcsdKU&Sd/ pmvkH;aygif; trSm; tcsdKU&Sd/ pmvkH;aygif; trSm; r&Sd/
• o'´gtokH; csdKUwJh? trSm;rsm;/ • o'´gtokH; pkHvif jynfhpkH? trSm; • o'´gtokH; tm;aumif; pkHvif/
yHkpH tenf;i,f&Sd/ trSm; r&Sdoavmufenf;/
• yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw
trSm;rsm;/ • yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw trSm; • yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw
tcsdKU&Sd/ trSm; r&Sdoavmufenf;/
• zGJUpnf;ykH ½IyfaxG;onfu • zGJUpnf;ykH trsm;pk &Sif;vif;/ • zGJUpnf;ykH aumif;pGm &Sif;vif;/ ^5

ydkrsm;ae/
wifqufrIydkif; • a&;xm;onfh ykHpHzwf&cufonfh • a&;om;onfh ykHpH zwf&vG,f/
• a&;xm;onfh ykHpH zwf&cuf/ ae&m tenf;i,f&Sd/
q&mrSwfcsuf pkpkaygif; &rSwf ^20
72 acwfopfq&m
þtao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;wGif (tawG;ydkif; taMumif;t&mydkif;? qDavsmfrI? ykHpH? wifqufykH) [lí pHEIef; 4 ck
ygonf/ pHEIef;wpfckpDatmufwGif pGrf;aqmif&nf tqifh 3 qifhpD&SdNyD; wpfqifhcsif;pD\ &Sif;vif;csuf pm&if;ykHpH
ESpfckôkH;ck ygonf/ tqifh 3 qifhrSm owfrSwfcsufatmuf? owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrDESifh owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef[lí
jzpfonf/
∙ owfrSwfcsuf atmuf - 1 rSwf
∙ owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD - 3 rSwf
∙ owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef - 5 rSwf
þtrSwfay;Z,m;wGif ausmif;om;wpfOD;onf owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGefonfh pGrf;aqmif&nf (tay:)? owfrSwfcsuf
jynfhrD (tv,f) onfh pGrf;aqmif&nfwdkY &Sdygu 4 rSwf&Edkifonf/ tvm;wl pHEIef;wpfckckwGif owfrSwfcsufatmuf
a&mufonfhtcga&muf jynfhrDonfhtcg jynfhrD (tv,f) jzpfaeygu 2 rSwf&onfvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/
tao;pdwftrSwfay;Z,m;wGif tqifh 3 qifhyg Z,m;ESifh okH;qifhxufydkaom Z,m;wdkY ,SOfygu 3 qifhZ,m;udk
zefwD;&jcif;vnf; ydkvG,fonf/ tokH;jyK&jcif;vnf; ydkvG,fonf/ þZ,m;rsdK; zefwD;vdkonfhtcg pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
&SmazGNyD; pHEIef;wpfckcsif;pDtwGuf rdrdxm;&Sdonfh owfrSwfcsufrsm;udk a&;vdkufEdkifonf/ xdkowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf
tv,fqifh pGrf;aqmif&nfazmfjy&Sif;vif;csufrsm; jzpfoGm;rnf/ tv,fqifhay:rlwnfNyD; tay:qifhESifh atmufqifh
azmfjycsufrsm;udk qufvuf &Sif;vif;a&;om;Edkifonf/ aemufqkH;ay;rnfhtrSwfyrmPay: rlwnfNyD; pHEIef;ESifh
tqifhrsm;udk trSwfowfrSwfay;Edkifonf/ Oyrm ta&;BuD;onfh okawoe pmwrf;qdkvQif tay:qifhtwGuf
10 rSwf? tv,fqifh 8 rSwfESifh atmuftqifhudk 6 rSwf[k ay;Edkifonf/
atmufqkH;tydkif;wGif q&mrSwfcsuftwGufvnf; ae&mcsefEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;udk vkyfief;pOf nTefMum;csuf
ay;onfESifh wNydKifeuf tokH;jyKrnfh trSwfay;pHpm&if;? trSwfay;Z,m; ponfwdkYudk wygwnf; ay;oifhygonf/
xdktcg ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYudk rnfodkY trSwfay;rnfqdkonfudk od&SdaeaomaMumifh qDavsmfaom
BudKwifjyifqif BudK;yrf;rIrsm; jyKEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

avhusifhcef;
p atmufyg trSwfay; pHpm&if;? tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;ESifh tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;wdkYudkMunfhyg/
pmydk'fa&;om;jcif; vkyfief;pOfwpfckrS trSwfrsm; xnfhxm;ay;ygonf/
1/ ausmif;om;wpfOD;csif; &&Sdonfh trSwfrsm;udk wGufyg/
2/ rnfonfh trSwfay; pnf;rsOf;u ausmif;om;udk ¤if;wdkY pGrf;aqmif&nftaMumif; taumif;qkH; wkHYjyef
tBuHjyKcsuf ay;Edkifoenf;/
trSwfay; pHpm&if;
u pHEIef; auseyfzG,f&Sd auseyfzG,fr&Sd
1/ tao;pdwfa&;om; azmfjyjcif;&Sdonf/ X
2/ tawG;tjrifrsm; udk,fydkifjzpfonf/ X
3/ t"dutcsufESifh taxmuftxm;jyonfh tawG;rsm;rSm usdK;aMumif;
qufpyfrI &Sdonf/ X
4/ qDavsmfaom a0g[m&rsm;udk rSefuefpGm okH;onf/ X

5/ qDavsmfaom o'´gtokH;rsm;udk rSefuefpGm okH;onf/ X
6/ yk'fjzwfyk'f&yf oauFwrsm; rSefuefonf/ X
7/ a&;om;wnfaqmufykH &Sif;vif;onf/ X
8/ a&;xm;ykHudk zwf&vG,fonf/ X
trSwfaygif; ^8
q&mrSwfcsuf -
tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;
tawG;tjrifrsm; 3^5 c
taMumif;t&m 4^5
qufpyfrI 3^5
wifjycsuf 2^5
pkpkaygif; ^20
74 acwfopfq&m
* tao;pdwf
trSwfay;Z,m; 1 rSwf 3 rSwf 5 rSwf
&rSwf
(owfrSwfcsufatmuf) (owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD) (owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef)
• rlydkif tawG;tBuHryg • rlydkiftawG; tcsdKUyg0if/ • rlydkiftawG;rsm;/ ^5

tvGefenf;/
• rlydkifawG;xm;aom • rlydkiftaxmuftxm;
tawG;ydkif; • rlydkifawG;xm;aom taxmuftxm; pOf;pm;ykH pOf;pm;ykHrsm;ESifh
taMumif; taxmuftxm; tcsdK Uyg0if/ taMumif;jycsufrsm; cdkifrm/
t&mydkif; pOf;pm;ykHryg/
• tawG;rsm;udk tao;pdwf • tawG;rsm;udk tao;pdwf
• tao;pdwfryg0if/ &Sif;jyjcif; tcsdK Uyg0if/ rsm;pGmjzifh wifjy/
• t"dutcsufudk OD;wnf • t"dutcsuf tcsdKUudk • t"dutcsuf tm;vkH;udk ^5

wifjyjcif; tm;enf;/ OD;wnfwifjy/ OD;wnfwifjy/
qDavsmfrIydkif;
• tawG;rsm; rqufpyf/ • tawG;rsm;onf rsm;aom • tawG;rsm;tm;vkH;
tm;jzifh qufpyf/ qufpyfrI&Sd/
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
• a0g[m& tuefYtowf&Sd? • a0g[m& tokH; pkHvif? • a0g[m& <u,f0pGm okH;/ ^5

pmvkH;aygif; trSm; tcsdK U&Sd/ pmvkH;aygif; trSm; tcsdKU&Sd/ pmvkH;aygif; trSm; r&Sd/
• o'´gtokH; csdK UwJh? • o'´gtokH; pkHvif jynfhpkH? • o'´gtokH; tm;aumif;
yHkpH trSm;rsm;/ trSm; tenf;i,f&Sd/ pkHvif/ trSm;
r&Sdoavmufenf;/
• yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw • yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw
trSm;rsm;/ trSm; tcsdKU&Sd • yk'fjzwf yk'f&yf oauFw
trSm; r&Sdoavmufenf;/
• zGJUpnf;ykH ½IyfaxG;onfu • zGJUpnf;ykH trsm;pk&Sif;vif;/ • zGJUpnf;ykHaumif;pGm ^5

ydkrsm;ae/ &Sif;vif;/
• a&;xm;onfh ykHpH
wifqufrIydkif; • a&;xm;onfh ykHpH zwf&cufonfh ae&m • a&;om;onfh ykHpH
zwf&cuf/ tenf;i,f&Sd/ zwf&vG,f/
q&mrSwfcsuf pkpkaygif; &rSwf ^20

avYusifYcef;
q þtao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;onf pum;ajym
pGrf;&nf ppfaq;csuf vkyfief;pOf wpfck
twGuf zefwD;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ atmufyg
6 rSwf (owfrSwfcsufatmuf)
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nf owfrSwf
&Sif;vif;csufrsm;udk ae&mrSefwGif xnfhoGif;yg/
• t,ltqudk axmuful&ef
(u) a0g[m&ESifh o'´g taMumif;jycsuf? om"u
(c) wifquf a[majymjcif; pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh 1 ______ &Sif;vif;csuf ray;/
toHxGuf
• ay;onfh owif; tcsuftvufu
(*) tawG;ydkif;ESifh taMumif;t&mtydkif; acgif;pOf/ ñTefMum;csufESifh rudkufnD
(C) pdwf0ifpm;zG,f qDavsmfaom
wdusaom acgif;pOfESifh udkufnDonfh
a0g[m&okH;pGJ • acgif;pOfESifh udkufnDonfh a0g[m&
∙ qDavsmfrSefuefonfh a0g[m& tNrJokH; tenf;i,fom okH;
∙ Bud,m tense tcsdef rSefuef • rqDavsmf/ rSm;,Gif;onfh a0g[m&
∙ uwåm;Bud,mudef; tjynfht0rSefuef rMumcP okH;
∙ 0guswnfaqmufykH worwfwnf; 2 ______ • Bud,m tense tcsdef rSm;okH;
rSefuefpGmokH;
• uwåm;Bud,mudef; rSm;okH;
∙ 0gus½dk;? 0gusa&mESifh yk'fa&m0gusrsm;
udk aygif;pyfokH;Edkif • 0guswnfaqmufykH trSm;rsm;
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
(i) tMunfhcsif; qDavsmf oifhawmfpGm • 0gus½dk;? 0gusa&mESifh yk'fa&m0gusrsm;

qkHMunfh ajymqdkrI rMumcP&Sd udk aygif;pyfokH;Edkifjcif; r&Sd
∙ udk,fae[efxm; qDavsmfaumif;rGefrI
rMumcP&Sd
∙ rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI • oifhawmfaom tMunfhqkHNyD;
ysrf;rQtqihf&SdaMumif; jrif& ajymqdkjcif; r&Sd
∙ toHxGuf rMumcPaumif; • udk,fae[efxm; qDavsmfaumif;rGefrI
∙ pdwfcHpm;csuf jyEdkifonfh tzdtazmhESifh r&Sd
oHaeoHxm;rsm; trsm;pk rSefatmifokH;
• rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI
∙ o&oH? Asnf;oHESifh tqkH;Asnf;oHrsm; enf;yg;aMumif; jrif&
trsm;pk rSefatmifxGuf 3 ______
(p) t,ltqudk axmuful&ef • toHxGuf trSefenf;
taMumif;jycsuf? om"u • oifhawmf aumif;rGefaom toH
&Sif;vif;csuf tenf;i,fay; tzdtazmhESifh cHpm;csufjyEdkifonfh
∙ ay;onfh owif;tcsuftvufu oHaeoHxm; rokH;
acgif;pOf^ nTefMum;csufESifh udkufnDrI • o&oHESifh pum;vkH; tqkH;
rMumcP&Sd Asnf;oHrsm; ryD/ rrSef
q&mrSwfcsuf
76 acwfopfq&m
8 rSwf (owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD) 10 rSwf (owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef) &rSwf
• udk,fydkifjzpfonfh t"du tawG;t,lrsm; &Sd
4 ______
• t"du t,ltqudk axmufulaom udk,fydkiftawG; ^10
taxmuftxm;rsm; &Sd
• tawG;t,lrsm;udk tao;pdwf a0a0qmqmjzifh &Sif;jy
• pdwf0ifpm;zG,f qDavsmfaom a0g[m& ykHrSefokH;? odkYaomf

vdkoGm;onfh ae&mvnf; &Sd
• rqDavsmf/ rSm;,Gif;onfh a0g[m& rygoavmufenf;
• Bud,m tense tcsdef trsm;pk rSef
5 ______ ^10
• uwåm;Bud,mudef; trsm;pk rSef
• 0guswnfaqmufykH trSm;enf;
• 0gus½dk;? 0gusa&mESifh yk'fa&m0gusrsm;udk aygif;pyfokH;jcif;
tenf;i,f &Sd
• tMunfhcsif; qDavsmf oifhawmfpGm qkHMunfh ajymqdkrI

worwfwnf;&Sd
• udk,fae[efxm; qDavsmfaumif;rGefrI worwfwnf; &Sd
• rdrdudk,fudk,f ,kHMunfrI jrifhrm;aMumif; jrif&
6 ______ • toHxGuf trsm;pk rSef ^10
• pdwfcHpm;csuf jyEdkifonfh tzdtazmhESifh oHaeoHxm;rsm;

worwfwnf; rSefatmif okH;
• o&oH? Asnf;oHESifh tqkH;Asnf;oHrsm; rSefuefpGm
worwfwnf; xGuf
pkpkaygif; &rSwf ^30

vkyfief;pOf
Z 3.4 i rS pmpDpmuHk;udkMunhfyg/ ¤if;onf pD;yGm;a&;rdwfquf oifwef;wpfckrSjzpfonf/
oif\arG;&yfNrdKU&Sd t"dupD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;taMumif; pmvHk; 200 ygaom
pmpDpmuHk; wpfyk'fa&;yg/ rnfonfh pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;onf atmifjrifaeNyD;
rnfonfh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm ratmifjrifonfukd a&;om;azmfjyyg/
1/ pmpDpmuHk;udk pmrsufESm ______ yg tajccHtrSwfay;Z,m;twdkif; trSwfay;yg/

2/ pmpDpmuHk;udk pmrsufESm ______ yg tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;twdkif; trSwfay;yg/
3/ ¤if;trSwfrsm;tm; &mcdkifEIef;trSwftjzpfodkY
ajymif;yg/ tajccHZ,m;rS&aom trSwfESifh
tao;pdwfZ,m;rS&aom trSwfwdkY wlnDrI
&SdMuygovm;/
4/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf tzGJUrsm;xJwGif
rdrdwdkYay;cJhaom trSwfrsm;taMumif;
aqG;aEG;yg/
avYusifYcef;
ps atmufygwdkYrSm trSwfay;EIef;xm;rsm;ygaom
xm;rsm; tao;pdwftrSwfay;Z,m; a&;qGJ&ef tqihfrsm;jzpfonf/
tqihfwpfckpDudk erlemZ,m;ESifh wGJay;yg/
1/ vkyfaqmif&rnhf vkyfief;udk owfrSwfyg/ oif,lolrsm;rSm rnfonfwdkYukd vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfaMumif;
tao;pdwfazmfjyyg/
2/ ppfaq;rI pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk qkH;jzwfyg/
3/ pHEIef;wpfckpDtwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf tqihfokH;qihfâv;qihfîg;qihf ponfwdkYteuf a&G;cs,fowfrSwfyg/
4/ pHowfrSwfcsufwpfckpD\ tqihfwpfckpDwdkif;twGuf azmfjycsufrsm;udk a&;csyg/
u
okawoe ya&m*suf
oifaexdkif&m todkif;t0dkif;tay: oufa&mufrI&Sdaom obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m jyóemwpfckudk
a&G;cs,fyg/ þjyóem\ taMumif;&if;rsm;ESihf tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk azmfjyyg/ þjyóemtm;
ajz&Sif;&ef vkyfaqmifaeaom tzGJUwpfzGJU odkYr[kwf tzGJUrsm;tm; azmfxkwfyg/ ¤if;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;?
jyóemajz&Sif;&mwGif tokH;jyKonhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihf ¤if;wdkY &ifqdkif&aom pdefac:rIrsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwfyg/
pum;vkH; 800 rS 1000 twGif;a&;yg/
78 acwfopfq&m
c 6 rSwf 8 rSwf 10 rSwf &rSwf
owfrSwfcsuf atmuf owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef pkpkaygif;
*
∙ wdkuf½dkuf&if;jrpfryg/ ∙ qDavsmfaom ∙ qDavsmfaom wdkuf½dkuf
qDavsmfaom wdkuf½dkuf wdkuf½dkuf&if;jrpf &if;jrpf uGJjym;pkHvifpGm
&if;jrpfryg/ tenf;i,fyg/ yg0if/ C
okawoe ∙ wqifhcH&if;jrpfryg/ ∙ qDavsmfaom wqifhcH ∙ qDavsmfaom wqifhcH
qDavsmfaom wqifhcH &if;jrpf tenf;i,fyg/ &if;jrpf uGJjym;pkHvifpGm
&if;jrpfryg/ yg0if/
∙ trSm;t,Gif; tenf;i,fyg/ ∙ trSm;t,Gif; ∙ tm;vkH; tjynfht0

∙ owif;tcsuftvuf r&Sdoavmufenf;/ rSefuef/
taMumif;t&m vdktyfcsufrsm;pGm&Sd/ ∙ owif;tcsuftvuf ∙ owif;tcsuftvuf
trsm;pkudk tm;vkH; jynfhpkHpGmyg0if/
xnfhoGif;xm;/
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
∙ pmvkH;aygif; trSm;rsm;pGmyg/ ∙ pmvkH;aygif; trSm; ∙ pmvkH;aygif; trSm;

∙ o'´g trSm;rsm;pGmyg/ tenf;i,fyg/ rygoavmufenf;/
∙ a0g[m& EGrf;yg;/ ∙ o'´g trSm; ∙ o'´g trSm;
bmompum; tenf;i,fyg/ rygoavmufenf;/
∙ a0g[m& tenf;i,f ∙ a0g[m&
pkHvifrI&Sd/ jynfhpkH<u,f0rI&Sd/
∙ wnfaqmufykHudk ∙ wnfaqmufykHudk ∙ wnfaqmufykH

em;vnf&cuf/ trsm;pk tm;aumif;?
∙ pum;oHudk em;vnf&vG,f/ em;vnf&vG,f/
wifjyyHk
em;vnf&cufcJ/ ∙ pum;oHu ∙ pum;oHudk
∙ jrefvGef;jcif;^ tm;vkH;eD;yg; &Sif;vif;/ tNrJ&Sif;vif;pGm
MumvGef;jcif;&dS/ ∙ tenf;i,fjref^ em;vnfEdkif/
MumoGm;/ ∙ Mumcsdef twdtus&Sd/
aqG;aEG;csuf
n þtcef;yg erlem trSwfay;Z,m;rsm; EdIif;,SOfavhvmyg/ atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ trSwfay;Z,m;wpfckwGif trSwfay;pHEIef;e,fy,f b,fESpfck &Sdoihfygoenf;/
2/ pHowfrSwfcsuf wpfckcsif;pDwGif pGrf;aqmif&nf owfrSwfazmfjycsuf b,fESpfck &Sdoihfygoenf;/
3/ trSwfay;Z,m;wpfckwGif tqihfowfrSwfcsuf rnfrQ yg0ifoihfygoenf;/

vkyfief;pOf
# ar;cGef;\ tajzudk tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck
rdrd\ ynma&; tawGUtBuHKtaMumif; wnfaqmufyg/
pmydk'fwpfydk'fa&;yg/ ¤if;tawGUtBuHKrsm;u
1/ tuJjzwfpHowfrSwfcsuf okH;ck odkYr[kwf av;ckudk qkH;jzwfyg/
rdrdpmoifonhf ykHpH (pmoifvdkonhfykHpH)
tay: rnfodkY vTrf;rdk;rI&SdaMumif; awG;awm 2/ rdrd\ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twGuf tqihfokH;qihf cGJjcm;
a&;om;yg/ ,ckrS pmoifMum;rnhf q&m^ owfrSwfyg/ (Oyrm - arQmfrSef;csufatmuf 1 rSwf -
q&mr topfrsm;twGuf tBuHjyKcsufrsm; arQmfrSef;csuf jynhfrD 2 rSwfESihf? arQmfrSef;csuf ausmfvGef 3 rSwf)
xnhfoGif;a&;om;yg/ pmvkH;a& 300 cefY 3/ pHowfrSwfcsufwpfckpD\ tqihfwpfckpDwdkif;twGuf
a&;om;NyD; oifwef;q&mqD tD;ar;ydkYyg/ pGrf;aqmif&nf owfrSwfazmfjycsufrsm;udk a&;csyg/ tqihf
wpfckpDtwGuf owfrSwfazmfjycsuf 2 ck 3 ckpDcefYa&;yg/
vkyfief;pOf
X wpfzufpmrsufESmwGif azmfjyxm;aom jzpf&yfavhvmrIudk zwfyg/ tzGJUrsm;xJwGif -
1/ þtuJjzwfrItm; azmfjy&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh pum;vkH;rsm;udk 0dkif;yg/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom ae&mowfrSwfcsufppfaq;jcif; 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;

tm;enf;csufppfaq;jcif; wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif; atmifjrifaygufajrmufrIppfaq;jcif;
oif,lpOf tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI r&Sdaom usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfaom usKd;aMumif;rqDavsmfaom
vufawGUusaom vufawGUrusaom
2/ atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzyg/
(u) ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIESifhqdkifaom jyóemrsm;rSm
tb,fenf;/
(c) usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIESifhqdkifaom jyóemrsm;rSm
tb,fenf;/
(*) vufawGUusrIESifhqdkifaom jyóemrsm;rSm
tb,fenf;/
3/ oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufNyD; jyóem ajz&Sif;EdkifrI
pGrf;&nftqihftm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef rnfodkYaom
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
4/ PISA vkyfief;rsm;onf ]]oif,lolrsm; pmoifcef;
twGif;ESifh tjyifü BuHKawGUae&aom tajctaersm;udk
xif[yfaponf/}} ¤if;onf tb,hfaMumihf tokH;0ifaom
tuJjzwfppfaq;rIwpfck jzpfoenf;/
80 acwfopfq&m
4/ wpfzufyg ar;cGef;twdkif; tajza&;yg/ rdrda&;qGJxm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;udkokH;í rdrdudk,fudk,f
trSwfay;yg/
5/ wGJzufwpfOD;ESifh pmydk'frsm;udk vJvS,fyg/ rdrd\ trSwfay;Z,m;okH;NyD; ¤if;\pmydk'ftm; trSwfay;yg/
6/ rdrdwdkY\ trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;ESifh trSwfay;pepfrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;yg/
7/ tzGJUvdkuf jyefzGJUNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOftwGuf trSwfay;&ef pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
owfrSwfNyD; trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck a&;qGJwnfaqmufyg/
8/ tzGJU0ifwpfOD;\ pmydk'frsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg/ NyD;cJhaom tzGJUvdkuf trSwfay;Z,m;udkokH;NyD; xdkpmydk'fudk
wpfOD;csif; trSwfay;Muyg/
9/ trSwfrsm;tm; EIdif;,SOfyg/ tzGJU0iftm;vkH;\ trSwfrsm;rSm wlnDMuygovm;/
tjynfjynfqdkif&m ausmif;om;rsm;
tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;tpDtpOf\ jyóemajz&Sif;rI
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; qef;ppfcsuf
tjynfjynfqikd &f m ausmif;om;rsm; tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; tpDtpOf PISA onf Edik if aH ygif; 70 ausmfrS ynma&;pepfrsm;udk
EIdif;,SOf&mü tokH;jyKonhf EdkifiHwumtuJjzwfppfaq;csufjzpfonf/ 15 ESpft&G,f ausmif;om;rsm;\ pmzwfjcif;?
ocFsmESifh odyÜHbmom&yfrsm;tay: wwfajrmufrIudk okH;ESpfwpfBudrf wdkif;wmonf/
PISA taejzihf
jyóemajz&Sif;rI yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;udkvnf; tuJjzwfppfaq;onf - jyóemwpfckudk ajz&Sif;Edkif
onhf tajctaeodkYa&muf&Sd&ef ESpfOD;ESifh txufaom vIyf&Sm;aqmif&Gufoltcsif;csif; em;vnfrIESifh tcsuftvufrsm;
rQa0um yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom jzpfpOfwGif xda&mufpGm yg0ifEdkifaom wpfpkHwpfOD;\ pGrf;&nfudk ac:qdkygonf/
ausmif;om;rsm;onf CPS oif,rl t I uJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk ajzqdyk gu uGeyf sLwmrsm;ay:wGif vkyaf qmif&onf/ tjcm;aom
at;*sihw f pfO;D jzpfap? ydrk sm;onhf at;*sihrf sm;ESijhf zpfap yl;aygif;aqmif&uG &f onf/ (tqdyk g at;*sihrf sm;rSm uGeyf sLwmjzihf
ausmif;om;wpfO;D ozG,f zefw;D xm;aom y½d*k &rfrsm;omjzpfonf/) ¤if;ausmif;om;ESihf ausmif;om;wk y½d*k &rfrsm;
yl;aygif;NyD; jyóemwpfpw Hk pf&mudk ajz&Si;f &onf/ erlemtm;jzihf ig;jywdu k wf pfck zefw;D &ef ykpmä wGif ausmif;om;onf
at;*sihrf sm;ESihf aqG;aEG;n§Ed iId ;f NyD; ig;rsm;twGuf ywf0ef;usifaumif;rsm; zefw;D jcif;ESihf ig;pmrsm; owfrw S &f ,ljcif;rsm;
jyKvkyMf u&onf/ ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf at;*sihrf sm;wGif uGjJ ym;aom&if;jrpfrsm;toD;oD; ydik q f ikd Mf uonf/
CPS onf ausmif;om;\ qufoG,frI pGrf;&nf? y#dyu©pDrHcefYcGJjcif; pGrf;&nf? toif;tzGJUwnfaqmufEdkifjcif; pGrf;&nf?
oabmwlnDrI wnfaqmufjcif; pGrf;&nfESifh wdk;wufrIudk pDrHjcif; pGrf;&nfwdkYudk tuJjzwfonf/ vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf
ausmif;om;rsm;\ pmoifcef;twGif;ESifh tjyifwGif &ifqdkif&rnhf tajctaersm;omru ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfief;cGifESifh
tqihfjrihf ynma&;wGif vdktyfrnhf pGrf;&nfrsm;udkyg xif[yfaponf/
ausmif;om;\ tjyeftvSef qufoG,frIrsm;? qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh wkHYjyefrIrsm;tm; uGefysLwmwGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;NyD;
¤if;wdkY\ CPS uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk tuJjzwf&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/
http://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/Draft%20PISA%202015%20 rS qDavsmfatmif xkwE
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kd m;ygonf/

vkyfief;pOf
! tao;pdwfusaom trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck wnfaqmufyg/ rdrd\ pmoifcef;wGif tokH;jyKcJhonhf (odkYr[kwf
tokH;jyK&ef pDpOfaeonhf) vkyfief;wdkwpfckudk a&G;cs,fyg/
1/ aqmif&Guf&rnhf vkyfief;udk zGihfqdkowfrSwfyg/ oif,lolrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mrsm;ukd tao;pdwf
azmfjyyg/
2/ tuJjzwfpHowfrSwfcsuf 3 ck odkYr[kwf 4 ckudk qkH;jzwfyg/
3/ rdrd\ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twGuf tqihf 3 qihf cGJjcm;owfrSwfyg/ (Oyrm - arQmfrSef;csufatmuf 1 rSwf
- arQmfrSef;csuf jynhfrD 2 rSwfESifh? arQmfrSef;csuf ausmfvGef 3 rSwf)
4/ pHowfrSwfcsufwpfckpD\ tqihfwpfckpDwdkif;twGuf azmfjycsufrsm;udk a&;csyg/ tqihfwpfckpDtwGuf
0guswpfck odkYr[kwf tcsuf 2 ck? 3 ckudka&;yg/
5/ rdrdwdkY\ trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;ESifh trSwfay;pepfrsm;tm; ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ aqG;aEG;yg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
¡ atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ trSwfay;Z,m;rsm; tokH;jyKjcif;\ aumif;usdK;ESifh qdk;usdK;rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
2/ trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;onf usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrItay: rnfodkY oufa&mufMuoenf;/
3/ oif,lolrsm;tm; wkHYjyefcsufay;&mwGif q&m^q&mrtaejzihf trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;udk rnfodkY
tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
82 acwfopfq&m
P rdrd\ oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;xJwGif
1/ þtydkif;wGif rdrdtwGuf 3/ þtydkif;rS

txl;wvnf ta&;yg xdktaMumif;t&mudk
onf[k xifaom oif,l oif,l&&SdrIaMumihf rdrd\
&&SdrI wpfckcktaMumif; oifMum;a&;ü rnfonhf
azmfjya&;om;yg/ tjrifajymif;vJrI jzpfay:yg
oenf;/
2/ tb,hfaMumihf
þtydkif;onf 4/ txufyg ajymif;vJrIaMumihf
txl;wvnf oifMum;ykH ajymif;vJrI
ta&;ygaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/ &SdEdkifygovm;/ rnfodkY
ajymif;vJoifMum;rnf
jzpfygoenf;/
tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (3) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;

pmoifcef;wGi;f rS vkyif ef;pOftrsm;pktm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&mü tok;H jyKEdik o f nf/ tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; vkyif ef;rsm;onf
oifwef;\ oifMum;rI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDatmif pDrH&efom ta&;BuD;onf/ odkYrSom usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom
tuJjzwfcsuf jzpfEdkifrnf/
tcsdKUaom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;rsm;rSm tydwfar;cGef;rsm;jzpfonf/ &SdEdkifaom tajzrSef tenf;i,ftxJrSom
a&G;cs,fjcif;? a&;csjcif;rsm; jyKEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ tydwfar;cGef; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm;onf ykHrSeftm;jzihf
rSwfrdjcif;ESifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;uJhodkYaom tajccHpOf;pm;jcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;ud sm; k tm½kHpdkufonf/ tydwfar;cGef;
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;rsm;onf trSwfay;&mwGif vG,fulaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkYtm; a&;qGJ&mwGif
pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk aocsmvdkufem&efvdkonf/ xdkrSom ¤if;wdkYonf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&NyD; usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom tuJjzwf
ppfaq;jcif; jzpfEdkifonf/
tzGihfvkyfief;rsm;rSmrl tajzrSefrsm;pGm &SdEdkifonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf tzGihfvkyfief;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY
udk,fydkiftajzrsm;? tawG;tjrifrsm;udk pum;vkH; pum;&yfrsm;rS? pmpDpmuHk;rsm;txd a&;om;ay;&onf/ tzGihfar;cGef;
vkyfief;rsm;udk trSwfjcpf&jcif;u tcsdefukefEdkifonf/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI &Sdap&eftwGuf trSwfay;vrf;nTefrsm;
&Sdxm;&efvdktyfonf/ trSwfay;pH pm&if;rsm;ESifh trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;rSm tzGihfar;cGef; vkyfief;rsm;udk trSwfjcpf&mwGif
tokH;0ifaom enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm;yif jzpfMuygonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ay;xm;oifhonf/ odkYrSom
rdrdwdkY\ rnfonfh pGrf;aqmif&nfudk tuJjzwfppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; ¤if;wdkYu od&SdMurnfjzpfonf/
tydwfar;cGef;rsm;a&m tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;yg wdus&Sif;vif;aom nTefMum;csufrsm;&SdrSom ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;u
tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufudk aqmif&Gufajzqdk&mwGif rnfonfwdkY vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif; odMurnfjzpfonf/
tGevf ikd ;f ay:rS pmoifMum;&mwGivf nf; tydwaf r;cGe;f rsm;udk zefw;D jcif;? ajzqdck ikd ;f jcif;ESihf trSwaf y;jcif;wdu
Yk kd aqmh0o
J ;Hk í
vkyfaqmifEdkifonf/ q&mrsm;onf tGefvdkif;rS tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf vkyf&mwGif tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;udkvnf; ay;Edkifonf/
Oyrm pma&;om;ajzqdkxm;onhf pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk tGefvdkif;wifay;jcif;? rdrdwdkY wifqufa[majymcsufudk AD'D,dkjzifh
rSwfwrf;wifNyD; tGefvdkif;wGifwifjcif; ponfh tzGifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; vkyfaqmifcdkif;Edkifygonf/

84 acwfopfq&m
4 oif , l r I tuJ j zwf q ef ; ppf c suf
ar;cG e f ; rsm; zef w D ; jcif ;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
pmar;yGJ'DZdkif;ESifh ywfoufaom
ta&;udpörsm;udk avhvmMu&rnf/
ya&m*sufrsm;? tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;rsm;?
yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh awG;awmqifjcif
pOf;pm;jcif;wdkYudk rnfodkY tuJjzwfqef;ppf
EdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; enf;vrf;rsm;
avhvmMu&rnf/
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^q&mrrsm;onf xdkodkY
qef;ppfonhf enf;vrf;rsm;\ taumif;tqdk;
tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;udk avhvmaqmif&GufMu
&rnf/

4.1 ya&m*sufrsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u ya&m*sufwpfck vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom rdrd\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;yg/
1/ atmufazmfjyyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk tajccHí tawG;ajrykHwpfckudk a&;qGJyg/
2/ tzGJUvdkuf tawG;ajrykHrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/
3/ þya&m*suftm; vkyfaqmifcJhpOfu rdrdtaeESifh rnfonfwdkYudk BudKufESpfoufcJhygoenf;/ rnfonfwdkYudk
rBudKufcJhygoenf;/
taMumif;t&mrSm
tb,fenf;/
ya&m*
tcsdefrnfrQ suf NyD;
rnfo a
nfY uR jrmuf&ef
MumcJYoenf;/ r
tokH;j f;usifrIrsm;u
yKcJYygo dk
enf;/
nf; rnfonfYya&m*suf
rdrdwpfa,mufw
f w jc m; olrsm;ESiYf jzpfoenf;/
o h d k Y r [ k w ñTefMum;csu
vm;/ frsm;rSm
vkyfaqmifcJYygo tb,fen
f;/
trSwfrnfrQ
rnfodkYUaom
&cJYoenf;/ sm;
wkHYUjyefrSwfcsufr
&cJYygoenf;/
86 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
c ya&m*sufrsm;udk Munhfyg/
1/ xdkya&m*sufrsm;udk oif,lrIppfaq;&ef tokH;jyKEdkifonhf bmom&yfacgif;pOfrsm;atmufwGif xnhfoGif;yg/
(u) okawoepmwrf; wpfapmifa&;yg/ (p) y&dowfygaom aqG;aEG;yGJ/
(c) pmtkyfwpftkyftm; a0zefokH;oyfyg/ (q) rSwfwrf;½kyf&Sifwpfck zefwD;yg/
(*) a&wGif;wpfwGif; wnfaqmufyg/ (Z) oifwef;tvkyf½kH aqG;aEG;yGJwpfck
(C) ajratmufvrf;ydkif;^ ajratmuf pDpOfa&;qGJNyD; ydkYcsyg/
jzwfvrf;wpfck ydkrdkvSyatmif jyKjyifyg/ (ps) yg0gyGdKifh wifqufcsufwpfck 'DZdkif;
(i) ppfwrf;wpfck a&;qGJ&efESifh aumuf,lrI a&;qGJyg/
jyKvkyf&ef/
t*Fvdyf &yf&Gm zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI

ordkif;bmom&yf tEkynmbmom&yf odyÜHbmom&yf
bmompum; oifwef; bmom&yf
2/ ¤if;ya&m*sufrsm;teufrS rdrd\oifcef;pmtwGuf ya&m*sufwpfckckudk tokH;jyKrnfvm;/ rnfonhf

ya&m*suftm; tokH;jyKrnfenf;/
3/ rdrdoifMum;aom bmom&yfrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/ tzGJUxJwGif ¤if;bmom&yfrsm;twGuf tokH;0ifEdkifrnhf
tydkaqmif; ya&m*sufrsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/
ya&m*sufrsm;ukd oifMum;rIESihf oif,lrIwGif tb,faMumihf tokH;jyKygoenf;

ya&m*sufrsm; vkyfaqmifapjcif;onf rdrd\ oif,lolrsm; twef;xJwGif oif,l&&SdcJhonhf A[kokwESifh
uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk rnfuJhodkY aumif;pGm tokH;csEdkifaMumif;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif tokH;0ifaomenf;vrf;wpfck
jzpfonf/ ya&m*sufrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;wGif oif,lolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY oif,lxm;aom uRrf;usifrItrsdK;rsdK;wdkYudk
xkwfokH;NyD; wpfpkHwpf&m zefwD;jcif; odkYr[kwf xkwfvkyfjcif;wdkYudk BudK;pm;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfonf/
ya&m*sufrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ tokH;csjcif;? cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmjcif;? okH;oyfa0zefjcif;ESifh zefwD;jcif;wdkYuJhodkYaom
tqihfjrihf pOf;pm;qifjcifjcif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;tm;
sm; ppfaq;&ef enf;vrf;aumif;wpfckjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif q&m^r
taeESifh txl;*½kpdkuf jyifqifa&;om;&efawmh vdktyfonf/ rdrdrS oif,lolrsm;ukd vkyfaqmifapcsifonfrsm;tm;
¤if;wdkYodap&ef wdusaom nTefMum;csufrsm;ay;yg/ rdrd\ oif,lolrsm;taeESifh ya&m*sufNyD;pD;&ef tcsdefrnfrQ
Mumrnfudk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;yg/ trSwfay;Z,m;wpfckudkokH;yg/ odkYrSom ausmif;om;rsm;udk trSwfay;&mwGif
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&SdpGm trSwfay;Edkifjcif;? oihfavsmfaom tao;pdwfusaom wkHYjyefrSwfcsufrsm;vnf;
ay;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/
ya&m*sufrsm;udk wpfOD;csif;aomfvnf;aumif;? tzGJUvdkufaomfvnf;aumif; vkyfaqmifcdkif;Edkifonf/ tcsdKUaom
tawGU&rsm;onfh ya&m*sufrsm;rSm okawoe? tpDt&ifcHpm a&;jcif;? wifqufa[majymcsuf? prf;oyfcsufrsm;
ESifh jyóemajz&Sif;enf;o½kyfjycsufrsm; jzpfMuonf/

vkyfief;pOf
* þq&mrsm;\ ya&m*suf pdwful;rsm;udkzwfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzyg/
1/ rnfonhf ya&m*sufu tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfNyD; rnfonfu tusdK;qdkifrIedrhfaom ya&m*sufrsm; jzpfoenf;/
2/ rnfonfh ya&m*sufonf oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (summative) ESifh
rnfonfu oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (formative) jzpfoenf;/
3/ ya&m*sufrsm;onf tydwf (closed) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; odkYr[kwf tzGifh (open) oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jzpfygovm;/
4/ q&m^rrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk jyifqif&ef rnfonfwdkY vdktyfoenf;/
(u)
,aeY t*Fvdyfpm pmoifcef;wGif q&m0efESifh
awGUqkHpum;ajymjcif;taMumif;udk tzGJUvdkuf
jyZmwfwpfck zefwD;&onf/ oif,lolrsm;u
jyifqifrIrsm; vkyfaqmifNyD; reufjzeftwef;xJwGif
jyZmwfujy&rnfjzpfonf/ oif,lolrsm;\
tm;omcsuf tm;enf;csufrsm;udk rSwfom;xm;NyD;
aemufwpfywfwGif xdkrSwfcsufrsm;udk jyefvnf
avhvmrnfjzpfonf/
(c)
uRefroifMum;aom &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI oifwef;\
aemufqkH; ya&m*suftwGuf oif,lolrsm;onf &yfuGuf
twGif;&Sd vdktyfcsufrsm;udk pdppfavhvmrIjyKMuonf/
oif,lolrsm;onf &yf&Gm\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
azmfxkwfod&SdEdkif&eftwGuf tdrfaxmifpkq,fcktm;
awGUqkHar;jref;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfMuNyD; vdktyfcsufrsm;xJrS
wpfcktm; ajz&Sif;&ef ya&m*suf tqdkjyKcsufwpfckudk
a&;Muonf/ ya&m*suftm; taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef
twGuf ydkufqHtenf;i,f&Muonf/ &ufowåywf
ESpfywftNyD;wGif rdrdwdkY\ aemufqkH; ya&m*suf\
tpD&ifcHpmwifNyD; twef;azmfrsm;tm;
jyefvnfwifqufMu&onf/ ESpfrsdK;vkH;udk
tuJjzwftrSwfay;&rnf/
88 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
C atmufwGif azmfjyxm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;udkMunhfyg/
1/ xdktrSwfay;Z,m;udk rnfonfh ya&m*suftwGuf tokH;jyKEdkifrnfenf;/
2/ trSwfay;Z,m;wGif vdktyfaeaom azmfjycsufrsm;udk jznfhpGufyg/
owfrSwfcsufxuf ausmfvGef
owfrSwfcsuf rjynfhrD 2 rSwf owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD 4 rSwf
aumif;rGef 6 rSwf
(u) (c)
tawG;tac:rsm;udk • ed'gef;ESifh ed*kH;ygonf/
pDpOfzGJUpnf; • tawG;tac: trsm;pkonf
ae&mcsjcif; acgif;pOfESifh qufpyfrI&Sdonf/
(*) (C)
• y&dowfonf aqG;aEG;csufudk
em;rvnfyg/
qGJaqmifEdkifrI • aqG;aEG;csufonf usdK;aMumif;

qDavsmfrI r&Sdyg/
• aqG;aEG;csufonf rcdkifvkHyg
vufcHzG,f&mr&Sdyg/
(i) (p)
• toHxGuf tvGefaumif;onf/
tajympGrf;&nf • o'´gtvGef ajyjypfonf/

• ajc[efvuf[ef
aumif;aumif;tokH;jyKonf/
3/ atmufygwdkYrSm trSwfay;Z,m;wpfcktwGuf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYtm; rnfodkYaom

ya&m*sufrsm;wGif tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
(u) o'´grSefuefrI (i) tcsdefpDrHcefYcGJrI
(c) toHxGuf (p) qef;opfwDxGifEdkifrI
(*) acgif;pOfESifh qufpyfrI (q) yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI
(C) cif;usif;wifjyrI (Z) pmvkH;aygif;owfykH
4/ rdrdoifMum;aom bmom&yftm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef tjcm; rnfonhfpHEIef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/

vkyfief;pOf
i rdrdoifMum;aeaom odkYr[kwf oifMum;awmhrnhf oifwef;wpfckudk pOf;pm;yg/
1/ rdrdrS oif,lolrsm;tm; rnfodkYaom A[kokwESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm; tuJjzwfppfaq;rnfudk azmfxkwfNyD;
¤if;wdkY vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef ya&m*sufwpfck pDpOfa&;qGJyg/
∙ &Sif;vif;í wdusaom nTefMum;csufrsm;a&;yg/
∙ oif,lolrsm;tm; ya&m*sufNyD;ajrmuf&ef vdktyfaomtcsdef tvkHtavmufay;yg/
∙ ya&m*suftwGuf oihfawmfaom trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck pDpOfa&;qGJyg/
2/ tzGJUrsm;twGif; odkYr[kwf twef;vdkuf rdrd\ ya&m*suf tawG;tjrifrsm;udk aqG;aEG;wifjyyg/ tjcm;
ya&m*sufrsm;ukd tuJjzwfoHk;oyfcsufay;yg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
p atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ oif,lolrsm;tm; tuJjzwfqef;ppf&mü ya&m*sufrsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;tm;jzihf rnfonfh tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;
&&SdEdkifygoenf;/
2/ tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif ya&m*sufrsm;udk tokH;jyK&mü q&m^q&mrwGif rnfonhf wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
&Sdygoenf;/
3/ rdrd\ twef;xJwGif oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyf&eftwGuf rnfonhf
ya&m*suf trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
4/ rdrd\ twef;xJwGif oifMum; oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyf&eftwGuf rnfonhf
ya&m*suf trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkifygoenf;/
90 acwfopfq&m
4. 2 tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ rnfonhf tajctaersm;wGif tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrIudk tuJjzwfppfaq;ygoenf;/
2/ tzGJUvdkuf tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;onf tzGJU0iftm;vkH;twGuf rQwaMumif; rnfodkY aocsmatmif
aqmif&Gufrnfenf;/
c atmufwGifazmfjyxm;aom ykHrsm;udkMunhfyg/
1/ rnfonfhjzpf&yfrsm; jzpfyGm;aeygoenf;/
2/ q&m^q&mrtaeESifh þoif,lolrsm;tm; rnfonfh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;jzifh tuJjzwfppfaq;Edkifyg
oenf;/

tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm;
wpfOD;csif;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk tuJjzwfqef;ppf&eftwGuf rlabmifrsm;rSm vufawGUusrI? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIESifh
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIwdkY jzpfMuonf/ xdkrlabmifrsm;onf tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppf&eftwGufyg
tusKH;0ifonf/ odkY&mwGif atmufygta&;BuD;onfh tcsufESpfcsufudkyg pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/
∙ tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrItm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif ¤if;wdkY rnfodkY vkyfaqmifonfqdkonfh ]jzpfpOf} ESifh
rnfonfudk vkyfaqmifonfqdkonfh ]&v'f} ESpfrsdK;vkH; yg0ifonf/
∙ tzGJUvdkuf pGrf;aqmif&nfrS wpfOD;csif;&rSwfodkY rQrQwwajymif;ay;&rnf/
jyóemwpfckrSm q&m q&mr trsm;pkonf aemufqkH; &v'fudkom jrifavh&SdMuonf/ zefwD;xm;onfh 'DZdkif;?
ydkpwm odkYr[kwf cif;usif;wifjyrIudk Munfh½kHrQjzifh tzGJUvdkuf rnfodkY vkyfaqmifykH jzpfpOfESifh tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrI
pGrf;&nfwdkYudk odEdkifrnf r[kwfay/ tzGJUvdkuf vkyfief;pOfudk NyD;pD;atmif pmoifcef;jyifywGif qkHMuNyD; tvkyf
vkyfMurnfjzpfaomaMumifh wpfOD;csif;pD\ tm;pdkufxkwf yg0ifrIudk q&mu jrif&rnfr[kwfyg/ tzGJUvdkuf vkyfief;udk
tcef;wGif vkyfaqmifonfhtcgüyif q&mtaeESifh tzGJUwdkif;udk teD;uyf aphaphpyfpyfapmifhMunfh&ef cufcJEdkifonf/
xdkYaMumifh tzGJUvdkuf vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhESifh tzGJUvdkuftvkyfvkyfwwfjcif; pGrf;&nftaMumif; tcsuftvuf &&Sd&ef
enf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK; tokH;jyK&ef vdktyfEdkifonf/ xdktcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifonfh enf;vrf;wpfckrSm (4.3) wGif
azmfjycJhaom jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif; enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ tzGJU0iftcsif;csif; tuJjzwf qef;ppfapaom enf;vrf;udkvnf;
tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ tcsif;csif;tuJjzwfcsuf enf;vrf;udk tokH;jyKrnfqdkygu vkyfaqmifzG,fpm&if;? pHpm&if;?
trSwfay;vrf;nTefwpfckckudkay;NyD; ausmif;olâusmif;om; tcsif;csif; trSwfay;cdkif;Edkifygonf/
vkyfief;pOf
* ay;xm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;udkMunhfyg/
1/ atmufazmfjyyg trSwfay;Z,m;okH;í rnfonhf vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;Edkifygoenf;/
2/ rnfonhf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf vkyfief;\ jzpfpOftm; tuJjzwfppfaq;EdkifNyD; rnfonhf
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf vkyfief;\ &v'ftm; tuJjzwfppfaq;Edkifrnfenf;/
3/ rnfonhf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf tzGJU0ifwpfOD;csif;pDudk tuJjzwfppfaq;EdkifNyD; rnfonhf
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf wpfzGJUvkH;tm; tuJjzwfppfaq;Edkifrnfenf;/
4/ ay;xm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;onf tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifjcif; odkYr[kwf wpfOD;csif;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk
OD;pm;ay; tuJjzwfygovm;/
pGrf;aqmifrI pHEIef;rsm;ESihf azmfjycsufrsm;

owfrSwfcsuf rjynfhrD 1 rSwf owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD 2 rSwf owfrw
S cf sux
f uf ausmv
f eG af umif;rGef 3 rSwf
yl;aygif; • yl;aygif;yg0ifrIenf; • yl;aygif;yg0ifrI trsm;pkaumif; • tjynfht0 yl;aygif;yg0ifrI &Sd
yg0ifrI • tjcm;olrsm;udk rulnD • tjcm;olrsm;udk trsm;tm;jzifh ulnD • tjcm;olrsm;udk pOfqufrjywf ulnD
tm;pdkuf • tm;pdkufxkwfrI
xkwfrI tenf;i,f&Sd • tm;pdkufxkwfrI toifhtwifh&Sd • ydkrdktm;pdkufxkwf
pHEIef;
'DZdkif; • 'DZdkif;½IyfaxG;? okH;&cuf • 'DZdkif;tqifajy? tcuftcJtcsdKU&Sd • 'DZdkif;aumif;NyD; okH;&vG,f

&Sif;vif; • em;vnf&cuf • tawmfrsm;rsm; em;vnf&vG,f • &Sif;vif;em;vnfvG,f
wifjyrI • wnfaqmufykH ½IyfaxG; • wnfaqmufykH trsm;tm;jzifhaumif; • wnfaqmufykH tm;aumif;
92 acwfopfq&m
aqG;aEG;csuf
C atmufygvkyfief;pOfonf 4.2 (*) wGifygonfh trSwfay;Z,m;jzifh ppfaq;rnfh vkyfief;pOfjzpfonf/
atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
&yf&GmzGHUNzdKwdk;wufrI oifwef;rS tzGJUwGif; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI

av;OD;rS ig;OD; yg0ifaom tzGJUrsm;wGif rdrdwdkYaexdkif&m e,fajrtwGif;&Sd vlxk0efaqmifrIudkjyaom ajrykHwpfckudk
a&;qGJyg/ 0efaqmifrIwpfckpD\ ta&;ygrIESihf ¤if;0efaqmifrItm; &yf&GmvlxkrS rnfodkY tokH;jyKEdkifonfudk &Sif;jyyg/
1/ þtuJjzwfppfaq;rIwGif jzpfEdkifajc
Oyrm &Sdaom vufawGUusrIqdkif&m
trSwfppfoltrsdK;rsdK;u trSwfay;ykH jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
trsdK;rsdK;jzpfEdkifonf/ tzGJU0ifwpfa,muf ESpfa,muf\ 2/ þtuJjzwfppfaq;rIwGif jzpfEdkifajc
&Sdaom ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIqdkif&m
vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;rSm trSwfenf;jcif; jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
rsm;jcif; uGJjym;oGm;Edkifonf/ 3/ þtuJjzwfppfaq;rIwGif jzpfEdkifajc
&Sdaom usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIqdkif&m
jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
avh usifhcef;
i atmufyg tBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk zwfyg/ rnfonfwdkYrSm ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIESifh
vufawGUusrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;\ ajz&Sif;ykHrsm; jzpfygoenf;/
(1) oif,lolrsm;tm; rdrd\ vkyfaqmifrIudk rdrdudk,fwdkif (2) oif,lolrsm;tm; tuJjzwf

jyeftuJjzwf trSwfay;apyg/ trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk aocsmod&Sdem;vnf
ay;xm;NyD; yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrI? tm;pdkufxkwfrIESifh ygap/ ¤if;wdkYtm; rdrda&;qGJxm;aom
qufoG,fqufqHa&;wdkYtay: rdrdudk,fwdkif tuJjzwf trSwfay;Z,m;udk jyEdkifonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh
trSwfay;ygap/ rdrd\ oif,lolrsm;udk rQwrSefuefonf[k oif,lolrsm;onf rnfonftwGuf trSwf&
,kHMunfygu oif,loltcsif;csif; tuJjzwftrSwfay; rnfudk od&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ xdktcg ajryHkaumif;
ygap/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; wpfck&atmif tm;xkwfavhusifhrnfomru
twGufqdkvQif oif,loludk,fwdkif trSwfay;jcif;ESifh trSwfydk&&ef jzpfpOfrsm;ukd em;vnfjcif;?
oif,loltcsif;csif; trSwfay;jcif;wdkYudk vkyfaqmifrnf wwfuRrf;rIrsm;ukd ydkrdktm;xkwfavhusifhEdkifrnf
r[kwfyg/ jzpfonf/
(3) rdrdwGif oifwef;om;OD;a& rsm;pGm&Sdygu oif,lolwpfOD;csif;pD\ oif,lvkyfaqmifrIjzpfpOfudk aumif;pGm

avhvmokH;oyfNyD; nDwlnDrQ tuJjzwftrSwfay;Edkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ oif,lolrsm;udk trSwfay;Z,m;ay;NyD;
rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif jzpfpOfpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh xkwfvkyfrI&v'f pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkyg tuJjzwftrSwfay;jcif;
jyKvkyfapEdkifonf/ tjcm;enf;vrf;wpfckrSm tzGJU0ifwpfOD;csif;pDtm; trSwfay;rnfhtpm; tzGJUvdkuf ¤if;wdkY\
vkyfief;jzpfpOfwpfavQmufudk tuJjzwf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;okH;í wpfzGJUvkH;twGuf trSwfay;apjcif;jzpfonf/

vkyfief;pOf
p atmufyg vkyfief;pOfudk zwfyg/
rdrdtaeESifh rnfuJhodkY vkyfaqmif&rnfudkodaomfvnf; tjcm;olrsm; rodEdkifrnfh vkyfief;wdkwpfckudk a&G;yg/

Oyrmtm;jzifh - qHyifykHpHqef;wpfrsdK; zefwD;jcif;? pufbD;wm,m ajymif;vJwyfqifjcif;? rkefYvkH;a&ay:csufenf;/
a&G;cs,fxm;aom vkyfief;pOfwpfck rnfodkY vkyfaqmifykHudk jyo&ef wpfqifhcsif; o½kyfjyrIwpfckjyifqifyg/
ypönf;ypö,? ykHpHum;csyf? udk,ftrlt&m? &Sif;vif;wifjycsufrsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/ rdrdjyifqifxm;onfhtwdkif;
twef;xJwGif o½kyfjyyg/
1/ okH;OD;rS ig;OD;ygaom tzGJUrsm;tvdkuf xdko½kyfjyrIudk tuJjzwf&mwGif tokH;jyKrnfh tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI

pHowfrSwfcsufudk aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwfyg/
2/ o½kyfjyrIudk tuJjzwf&eftwGuf trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck a&;qGJyg/
3/ tjcm;tzGJUwpfzGJUESifh aygif;íaqmif&Gufyg/ ¤if;wdkYtm; rdrdwdkY\ tuJjzwfpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk &Sif;jyNyD;
oifhtrSwfay;Z,m;udk ay;tyfyg/
4/ tzGJUxJwGif vkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyfief;tqifhrsm;udk jyifqifyg/ jyifqifaepOf rnfonfh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
twdkif; tuJjzwf trSwfay;cH&rnfjzpfaMumif; owdcsyfyg/
5/ rdrdwdkYtzGJUxJwGif rdrdjyifqifxm;onfh o½kyfjyrIudk vkyfaqmifyg/
6/ tjcm;tzGJUrsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIudk apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; rdrdwdkY\ tuJjzwfpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD
tuJjzwfppfaq;yg/
7/ atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
(u) tjcm;tzGJUrsm;rS rdrdtm; rQrQww tuJjzwfppfaq;cJhygovm;/
(c) ¤if;wdkY\ tuJjzwfppfaq;rIrSm ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIESifh vufawGUusrI
&Sdonf[k rdrdxifygovm;/
(*) tzGJUu rdrdudk,fudk,f oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; odkYr[kwf tcsif;csif; oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;udk okH;cJhygvm;/ tb,faMumifh okH;cJhoenf; odkYr[kwf tb,faMumifh rokH;cJhoenf;/
94 acwfopfq&m
4.3 yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh jyefvSefoHk;oyfjcif;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u q&m^q&mrrsm;taeESifh oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk rnfuJhodkY wdkif;wmEdkifygoenf;/
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;ESifh atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wdkYjyKvkyf&mwGifvnf; yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk
tuJjzwfqef;ppfonf/
yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif oif,lolwpfOD;pD\ twef;wufa&mufrI? pdwfaeoabmxm;?
yg0ifulnDrIESifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIwdkYtm; ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk rdrd\twef;xJwGif
tvkyfoabm (formal) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;wpfcktjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygu tvGef
tokH;0ifonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ¤if;onf oif,lolrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ jyKrlvkyfaqmifrItay:
ydkíw
m0ef,lapvdrfhrnf/ oif,lolrsm;\ wuf<upGm yl;aygif;yg0if&ef rBudK;pm;rIonf ¤if;wdkY\
aemufqkH;&rSwftay: rsm;pGmtusdK;oufa&mufrI &Sdvdrfhrnf/
rdrdonf oif,lolrsm;tm; rnfrQ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI &Sdapcsifonfudk ¤if;wdkYtm; ajymjyxm;&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ rdrdrS ajymjyxm;jcif; r&Sdygu oif,lolrsm;onf twef;xJü rnfuJhodkY xda&mufpGm
yl;aygif;yg0if&rnfudk odEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
rdrdtaeESifh oif,lolrsm;tm; rnfrQ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI &Sdapcsifonfudk eH&Hay:wGif uyfxm;ay;jcif;jzifh
oif,lolrsm;u rnfodkY yl;aygif;yg0if vkyfaqmif&rnfudk tNrJwrf;odaernfjzpfonf/
aqG;aEG;csuf
c atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzyg/
1/ oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef tb,faMumifh tokH;0ifygoenf;/
taMumif;jycsufrsm;udk pm&if;a&;csyg/o½kyfjyrIudk tuJjzwf&eftwGuf trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck a&;qGJyg/
2/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom odkYr[kwf edrfhaom oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jzpfygovm;/

vkyfief;pOf
* þq&mrsm;\ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm; &Sdaeonf/
1/ ¤if;wdkY\ jyóemrsm;onf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI? twef;wufa&mufrI? yg0ifulnDrI odkYr[kwf
pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh qufpyfaeygovm;/
u c wcsdKUausmif;om;awGu
uRefr oifcef;pmudk tm½kHpdkufrJhtpm;
ausmif;om;awG olwdkYzkef;udkyJ wpfcsdefvkH;
ausmif;wufcsdef MunfhaeMuw,f/ wu,f
rSefygapyJ pdwftaESmifYt,Suf jzpf&w,f/
qkawmif;w,f/
*
pmpDpmukH;awG a&;&wm C ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
rBudKufawmh pmydk'fwdkwdkav;yJ ESpfa,muf tNrJwrf;
a&;ay;Muw,f a&;xm;wm tcsif;csif;ulnDMuw,f/
awGu t&nftaoG; tJvdkulnDMuwmudk
odyfraumif;bl;/ trSwfay;wJhtcg aygif;xnfh
ay;csifw,f/
2/ atmufyg tawG;ajrykHwGif oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh ywfoufaom rdrd\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk

jznfhpGufa&;om;yg/
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI twef;wufa&mufrI
yg0ifulnDrI pdwfaeoabmxm;
96 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
C rdrd\ pmoifcef;twGuf yl;aygif;yg0ifrI tuJjzwfjcif; tpDtpOfwpfck a&;qGJyg/ rdrdtokH;jyKEdkifrnfh
trSwfay;Z,m;wpfcktm; xnfhoGif;a&;qGJyg/
∙ rnfuJhodkYaom pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; &Sdygoenf;/
∙ b,fESpfcsuf &SdEdkifoenf;/
∙ rdrdrS rnfrQ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI &Sdapcsifonfudk oif,lolrsm;tm; rnfodkY wifjyrnfenf;/
∙ b,fESpfBudrfavmuf tuJjzwfqef;ppfrnfenf;/
aqG;aEG;csuf
i q&mu oif,lolawGudk yl;aygif;yg0ifrItwGuf rdrdudk,fudk,f oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfaponf/
xdkq&m\ xifjrifokH;oyfcsufudk zwfNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
1/ xdkodkY tuJjzwftrSwfay;jcif;u twef;tm;vkH;twGuf tqifajyEdkifovm;/
2/ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh ywfoufí jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
3/ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfjcif;\ aumif;usdK;rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
uRefawmfh ausmif;om;awG&JU yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk

olwdkYudk,fwdkifyJ tuJjzwfppfaq;cdkif;w,f/ tywfpOf
trSwfay;Z,m;ay;NyD; olwdkYudk,f olwdkY trSwfay;cdkif;w,f/
'Dvdkvkyfawmh uRefawmfbmawGarQmfvifhovJ olwdkY
em;vnfwmaygh/ trsm;tm;jzifhawmh olwdkYudk,folwdkY
rQrQww rSefrSefuefuef trSwfay;xm;wmawGU&w,f/

jyefvSefokH;oyfrIrSwqifh oif,lrI
jyefvSefoHk;oyfrI&Sdaom oif,lrIonf oif,lolrsm;rS ¤if;wdkY oif,lwwfajrmufNyD;aom
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;jcif;jzpfonf/ jyefvSefoHk;oyfrI&Sdaom oif,lrIudk tuJjzwf
qef;ppfjcif;onf oif,lpOf tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;ESifh vdktyfcsuf &SmazGazmfxkwfjcif; ppfaq;rIwdkY
jyKvkyf&mwGif tokH;0ifonfh enf;AsL[mwpfckjzpfonf/ q&m^rtaejzifh oif,lolrsm;u rdrdwdkY
avhvmoif,lxm;rIrsm;tay: rnfodkY xifjrifcHpm;aMumif; tuJjzwfqef;ppfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
tem*wfwGif pmoifMum;rIrsm;udk jyifqif&mü xdkqef;ppfrI&v'frsm;u taxmuftuljyKrnf
jzpfonf/
jyefvSefoHk;oyfrI&Sdaom oif,lrItm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif okH;Edkifonfh enf;vrf;ESpfrsdK;&Sdonf/
oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;onf oif,lolrsm;tm; tywfpOf odkYr[kwf vpOftwef;xJwGif avhvm
od&SdcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk rSwfpkwdkrsm; a&;xm;jcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkY\ oif,lwwfajrmufrIudk
rQa0cGifhay;onf/
rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;onf oif,lolrsm;tm; pmoifcef;wGif; ¤if;wdkY\ vkyfaqmifrIay:
rlwnfí ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkif trSwfay;jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;onf
ya&m*sufrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifrIwdkYtm; tuJjzwf&mwGif tvGeftokH;0ifonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;tm;jzifh oif,lolrsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk
jyefvnfokH;oyfrdaponf/ tcsdKU q&m^rrsm;u trSwfay;Z,m;wpfckudkokH;í oif,lolrsm;udk
tqifhwpfck owfrSwfonf/ xdkYaemuf oif,lolrsm;udk rdrdudk,fudk,f oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
trSwfay;Z,m;wpfckay;NyD; rdrdudk,fudk,f tqifhwpfck owfrSwfaponf/
vkyfief;pOf
p tcef; 4 txd rdrdoif,lavhvmcJhonfrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;okH;oyfyg/
1/ avhvmoif,lcJh&aom taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;? tokH;0ifrnfxifaom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rsm;ESifh
cufcJrnfxifaom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rsm;taMumif; pmydk'fESpfydk'fa&;yg/
2/ atmufwGif ay;xm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;tm; okH;í rdrdudk,frdrd tuJjzwftrSwfay;yg/
pHowfrSwfcsuf &rSwf okH;oyfcsuf

avhvmoif,lcJh&aom taMumif;t&mtopfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif; ^5
tokH;0ifaom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rsm; azmfxkwfjcif; ^5
cufcJaom tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;rsm; azmfxkwfjcif; ^5
tao;pdwfa&;om;jcif;ESihf taMumif;jycsufay;jcif; ^5
98 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
q rdrdvuf&SdoifMum;aeaom odkYr[kwf oifMum;awmhrnhf oifwef;wpfckudk pOf;pm;yg/
∙ pmoifcef;xJü oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;tm; rnfonhftcsdefwGif okH;rnfenf;/
∙ pmoifcef;xJü rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;tm; rnfonhf tcsdefwGif okH;rnfenf;/
1/ oif,lolrsm; vkyfaqmif&rnhf rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; odkYr[kwf oif,lrI
aeYpOfrSwfwrf;wpfcktwGuf nTefMum;csufrsm;a&;yg/
2/ rdrda&;xm;aom nTefMum;csufrsm;udk ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ EIdif;,SOfyg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
Z atmufyg tajctaersm;wGif rnfodkY vkyfaqmifrnfenf;/
1/ at;rGefonf ol\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrItm; rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif trSwfaumif;aumif;
ay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf rdrdtaeESifh olonf þrQaumif;aumif; yl;aygif;yg0ifcJhjcif; r&Sd[k cHpm;&onf/
2/ crfbJonf olr\ &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;twGuf rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif
trSwfenf;enf;om ay;cJhonf/ odkYaomf rdrdtaeESifh olronf xdkxufaumif;rGefpGm vkyfaqmifcJhonf[k
cHpm;&onf/
3/ vGefcJhaomwpfywfu oif,lolwcsdKUonf oif,lrIaeYpOfrSwfwrf;wGif pmzwfjcif;enf;AsL[mESifh
ywfoufNyD; em;vnf&cufcJaMumif; a&;om;xm;cJhonf/
4/ rdk;rdk;onf olr\ jyefvSefoHk;oyf&ef vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif o'´gESifh pmvkH;aygif;owfykH trSm;rsm;
jyKvkyfcJhjcif;aMumifh trSwfavQmhcH&oifhygovm;/
5/ a*b&D&,fxl;onf ol\ pmoifcef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tdrfpmrsm;udk BudK;pm;vkyfaqmifavh
&Sdaomfvnf; ol\ tajzrsm;rSm rSefuefrI r&Sdjcif;aMumifh trSwfavQmhcH&oifhygovm;/

4.4 pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;jyKpkjcif;
tBudKoifcef;pm
1/ pmar;yGJar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;jcif;udk BudKufESpfoufygovm;/ tb,faMumihf BudKufESpfoufygoenf;/
tb,faMumihf rBudKufESpfoufygoenf;/
2/ pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm; a&;om;&mwGif tcufcJqkH;t&mrSm tb,fenf;/
3/ ausmif;om;wpfa,muftaeESifh pmar;yGJudk BudKufygovm;/ tb,faMumihfBudKufoenf;? tb,faMumifh
rBudKufoenf;/
pmar;yGJqdkonfrSm tb,fenf;
pmar;yGJrsm;onf vlokH;rsm;aom tuJjzwfppfaq;rIykHpHwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ ynma&;pepf trsm;pkonf
ykHrSefpmar;yGJppfjcif;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;\ t"dutydkif;wpfcktjzpf tokH;jyKonf/ tcsdKUausmif;rsm;
ESifh oifwef;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ uRrf;usifrI odkYr[kwf wdk;wufrItm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&mwGif
pmar;yGJppfjcif; wpfrsdK;wnf;udkom tokH;jyKonf/
oif,lrIppfaq;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;wGif oif,lolrsm; pmar;yGJatmifjcif; odkYr[kwf us½IH;jcif;udk
qkH;jzwfay;onfh odkYr[kwf 0ifcGifh&^r& qkH;jzwfay;onfh tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom pmar;yGJrsm;yg0ifonf/
wpfywfvkH;wGif oifMum;cJhonfrsm;udk oif,lolrsm; aumif;pGmrnfrQ oif,l&&SdcJhaMumif; ppfaq;awGU&Sd
Edkifonfh tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom ya[Vd tywfpOfajzjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ IELTS odkYr[kwf wuúodkvf0if
pmar;yGJuJhodkYaom jyifypmar;yGJrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/
pmar;yGJrsm;wGif wpfckESifh wpfckxufydkaom oif,lrIppfaq;jcif;ykHpHrsm;yg0ifonf/ uGefysLwmtokH;jyKrI
rjzpfraeyg0ifaom ppfaq;rIenf;vrf;rsm;ü ]tajzrSefa&G;} uJhodkYaom vkyfief;rsdK;om &SdEdkifonf/
tjcm;aom pmar;yGJrsm;wGif tydwfar;cGef;rsm; (tajzrSefa&G;? wGJpyfjcif;) rSonf tawG;tac:zGifh
tzGifhar;cGef; (Oyrm - pmpDpmukH;wpfyk'f odkYr[kwf tzGifhar;cGef;) txd ar;cGef;ykHpHrsdK;pkHyg0ifonf/
atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif; jyKvkyf&ef ppfaq;rIenf;vrf;zefwD;&mwGif ta&;BuD;aom rlabmif
wpfck&Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm oifMum;xm;onfrsm;udk tvkH;pkHvTrf;NcHKppfaq;&efjzpfonf/ oifcef;pm wpfpdwf
wpfydkif;tay:udkom tm½kHpdkuf ar;cGef;xkwfjcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ vdktyfonfh wwfuRrf;rIpGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh
taMumif;t&mtm;vkH;udk xnfhoGif;ppfaq;&efjzpfonf/ rdrdoifMum;NyD;jzpfaom wwfuRrf;rIpGrf;&nfrsm;
ESifh taMumif;t&mtptqkH; yg0ifjcif;onf ydkrdktm;aumif;aom usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI &Sdaprnfjzpfonf/
100 acwfopfq&m
aqG;aEG;csuf
c atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ tydwfar;cGef;rsm;onf tzGifhar;cGef;rsm;xuf rSef;qajzqdkjcif;udk ydkítm;ay;ygovm;/
2/ pmpDpmukH;a&;om;rI tajcjyKaom ppfaq;rIenf;vrf;rsm; odkYr[kwf tydwfar;cGef;ar;aom enf;vrf;
wdkYwGif rnfonfh ppfaq;jcif;onf oifwef;rS taMumif;t&mrsm;tm; NcHKikHrdaprnfenf;/
3/ oif,lolrsm;\ wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh A[kokwudk ppfaq;&ef tzGifhvkyfief;pOfu ydkaumif;ovm;
odkYr[kwf tydwf vkyfief;pOfrsm;u ydkaumif;ovm;/
4/ atmufyg pmar;yGJrsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif rnfonfhta&;BuD;tcsufrsm; xnfhoGif;oenf;/
(u) ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;onfh pmar;yGJ
(c) wdk;wufrIudk ppfaq;onfh pmar;yGJ
(*) atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;onfh pmar;yGJ
aqG;aEG;csuf
* atmufygwdkYrSm rMumao;rDurS ajzqdkcJh&aom pmar;yGJrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;\
wdkifMum;csufrsm;jzpfonf/ q&m^q&mrwpfa,muftaeESifh rnfodkYvkyfaqmifrnfenf;/
aemufwpfBudrfppfvQif pmar;yGJppfonfh enf;vrf;ajymif;rvm; odkYr[kwf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk
tBuHjyKcsuftcsdKUay;rvm;/
1 2
f / t y dkif; 2 u
pmpDpmukH;acgif;pOf &SpfckrS & r f ; t Dw, eftrsm;BuD; h
m a r ; y GJu t Gudk,lzdkY tcsd sdefay;&awm
p
wpfck a&G;&onf/ rdrdrSm rnfodkY
r ; c G e f ; &Snfaw f;&SnfajzzdkY tc Gef;wdkawG
a&G;cs,f&rnfudk rodaomaMumifh a ar;cGe rSmygwJh ar;c l;/
f w , f /
qkH;jzwfcsufcs&ef tcsdefrsm;pGm uke 3? 4? 5 pcJh&b
ukefcJh&onf/ tydkif; jzzdkY pawmif r
a
3
rdrdrSm oifwef;rS oifcef;pmtm;vkH;udk
jyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;jzifh tcsdefukefcJhygaomfvnf;
pmar;yGJwGif acgif;pOfESpfckrS taMumif;t&mrsm;
udkom pmpDpmukH;ESpfyk'f a&;&aomaMumifh rdrd\
pmavhvmrIrSm tcsdefjzKef;½kH oufoufom
jzpfcJh&onf/

oifhawmfqDavsmfonfh vkyfief;pOfykHpHrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;
atmufygtcsufrsm;tay: rlwnfí pmar;yGJ ppfaq;&mwGifokH;rnfh oifhawmfqDavsmfonfh vkyfief;pOf
ykHpHrsm; a&G;cs,f&onf/
∙ pmar;yGJajzqdkrnfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olOD;a&/
∙ trSwfay;olOD;a& rnfrQ&Sdoenf;/ ¤if;wdkYonf rnfrQ uRrf;usifrI &Sdoenf;/
∙ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom pmar;yGJ jzpfovm; odkYr[kwf tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom pmar;yGJjzpfovm;/
∙ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;/
oifwef;\ taMumif;t&m A[kokwESifh pOf;pm;awG;ac:EdkifpGrf;wdkYtm; wdkif;wm&mwGif tzGifhESifh tydwfwdkY
ESpfrsdK;vkH; tokH;0ifonf/ odkYaomf oifcef;pm&nf&G,fcsuf trsdK;rsdK;tm; wdkif;wm&eftwGuf oifhavsmfaom
ppfaq;rI vkyfief;pOfrsm; &Sdygonf/ tcsdKUaom vkyfief;pOfrsm;onf tvGwfusufrSwfEdkifrItm;
ppfaq;&mwGif tokH;0ifNyD; tcsdKUrSm wDxGifzefwD;EdkifrItm; ppfaq;&mwGif oifhavsmfonf/
oif,lolrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;aom vkyfief;pOf trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/ ¤if;wdkYESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;aom
ppfaq;rIvkyfief;pOf r[kwfygu nTefMum;csufrsm;tm; em;vnfjcif;r&SdbJ rSm;,Gif;pGm ajzMum;Edkifacs
&Sdonf/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom pmar;yGJjzpfygu pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk tBudKprf;oyf ajzqdkMunfhoifhonf/
pmar;yGJ ajzqdkrnfholrsm;ESifh ykHpHwlaom ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk&Smyg/ pmar;yGJ ajzqdkMunfhapNyD;
trSwfay;yg/ þodkY jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;wGif jzpfay:Edkifonfh trSm;rsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf
EdkifrnfjzpfNyD; rrQwaom odkYr[kwf usdK;aMumif;rqDavsmfaom ar;cGef;ykHpHrsm;udkyg awGU&SdEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
tprf;ajzqdkolrsm;\ xifjrifcsufudk&,lNyD; ar;cGef;rsm;udk vdktyfovdk jyKjyifajymif;vJyg/
102 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
C atmufyg oifcef;pm &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkYtm; wdkif;wm&ef oifhavsmfrIt&SdqkH;jzpfaom ppfaq;rI
vkyfief;pOfudka&G;yg/ wcsdKUoifcef;pm &nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGif oifhavsmfaom ppfaq;rIvkyfief;pOf wpfckxufydkí
&SdEdkifonf/
1/ j'yfpifZ,m;xJrS j'yfpifrsm;ESifh (u) uGufvyfjznhf (tydwf)

"mwkoauFwrsm;udk tvGwfusufrSwfyg/
2/ uAsmwpfyk'ftm; a0zefokH;oyfrIjyK&ef/ (c) pmpDpmuHk;
3/ pme,fZif; vGwfvyfcGifhtm; csdK;azmufxm;onfh (*) tzGihfar;cGef;rsm;
Oyrmav;ckudk azmfjy&ef/
4/ EdkYwdkufowå0grsm;\ 0daoovu©Pmrsm;udk (C) wGJpyfjcif;
cGJjcm;owfrSwf&ef/
5/ BudrfEIef;jy Bud,m0daooersm;udk rSefuefpGm (i) trnfwyfjcif;
tokH;jyKyg/

vkyfief;pOf
i ay;xm;aom t*Fvdyfta&;pGrf;&nf ppfaq;jcif; pmar;yGJtm; ajzqdkyg/
WRITING SKILLS (20 marks)
A. Add punctuation to the text. (5 marks)

in 2014 malala yousafzai became the youngest ever nobel prize winner she was born in
1997 in mingora pakistan in 2012 she was shot by the taliban for speaking in favour of girls
education she was seriously inmured but recovered slowly after this she was called the
most famous teenager in the world ever since she has worked for equal education accesss
for all
B. Write an introduction and concluding sentence to this paragraph. (6 marks)

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
You can use FRESHAIR soap powder to wash by hand or in machines, with hot or cold water.
It leaves no powder residue after drying, and clothes dry crisp and soft. For a very low cost,
your clothes will smell like a walk in a flower garden. __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
C. Complete these sentences so they are true for you. (9 marks)

i. I really enjoy ______________________________________________________________
ii. After I finish this test, ______________________________________________________
iii. If I had a lot of money, ______________________________________________________
1/ tajzvTmrsm;tm; ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ wGJí tcsif;csif; trSwfay;yg/

2/ ar;cGef;wpfckcsif;pDtm; aqG;aEG;yg/ ¤if;wdkYrSm rnfonfh oifcef;pm &nf&G,fcsuftm; ppfaq;wdkif;wmjcif;
jzpfygoenf;/
Oyrm - (u) t*Fvdyfpm yk'fjzwfyk'f&yfoauFwrsm; rSefuefpGm toHk;jyKEdkifjcif; &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&ef/
3/ rnfonfh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf rnfonfh vkyfief;rsm;twGuf jzpfygoenf;/ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh
vkyfief;rsm;tm; wGJay;yg/
i. _____ ii. ____ iii. _____
• acgif;pOfESifh oufqdkifrI&Sdjcif;/ 1 - 3 ckrSef 1 rSwf • oifhavsmfonfh tcsdefumvudk azmfjyonfh

Bud,mo±mefudk tokH;jyKonf/
• pmvkH;aygif;owfykHESifh o'´grSefuefrI&Sdjcif;/ 4 - 5 ckrSef 2 rSwf
• pmvkH;aygif;owfykH? o'´gESifh yk'fjzwf
• oifhavsmfonfh tpESifh tqkH; 6 - 7 ckrSef 3 rSwf rSefuefjcif;/
pum;pkrsm;udk tokH;jyKonf/
8 - 9 ckrSef 4 rSwf • a0g[m& <u,f0rI/
• vufcHcsifpzG,f qGJaqmifEdkifaom/
10 ckESifh txufrSef 5 rSwf • pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;jcif;/
104 acwfopfq&m
a&;ajzESifh EIwfajz ppfaq;jcif;rsm;
tcsdKUppfaq;rIrsm;wGif a&;ajzESifh EIwfajzar;cG
jz ef;&Snfrsm; yg0ifonf/ 0ifcGifhESifh ae&mowfrSwfcsuf
pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;zefwD;onf/
∙ oif,lolrsm;\ pdwfyg0ifpm;rIESifh oifwef;tay: pdwfESpfxm;EdkifrIwdkYtm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef/
∙ bmom&yfESifh ywfoufaom ¤if;wdkYododNyD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;ud
t&mrsm; k ppfaq;&ef/
wdk;wufrIESifh atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf atmufygtwdkif; vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfonf/
∙ oif,lolrsm;\ wufa&muf&rnfh oifwef;bmom&yfqdkif&m taMumif;t&m A[kokwudk
tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef/
∙ oif,lolrsm;\ usdK;aMumif;qifjcifEdkifrI pGrf;&nftm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif þvkyfief;pOfrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ &Sif;vif;wduspGm a&;om;ajymqdkEdkifjcif;
pGrf;&nfESifh jyóemrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;EdkifrI odkYr[kwf tjzpftysufwpfcktay: jiif;ckHaqG;aEG;EdkifrI
pGrf;&nfwdkYtm; tuJjzwfppfaq;&efjzpfonf/ trSwfay;pHEIef;rsm;onf oifwef;\&nf&G,fcsufESifh
udkufnD&ef? trSwfay;olrsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;rS trSwfay;pHEIef;rsm;tm; od&Sdem;vnfae&efwdkYrSm
ta&;BuD;aomtcsufrsm;jzpfonf/
EIwfajzpmar;yGJrsm;udk vlawGUtifwmAsL;jcif;? wifqufjyojcif; odkYr[kwf pum;vufqkHajymqdkjcif;
tm;jzifh ppfaq;Edkifonf/
ar;cGef; &rSwf
1/ þoifwef;rS avhvmoif,lcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;teuf rnfonhf taMumif;t&mrSm

rdrdtwGuf tokH;0ifqkH; jzpfoenf;/
2/ þoifwef;umvtwGif; rdrd\ tawG;tjrifrsm; rnfodkY ajymiff;vJoGm;oenf;/
3/ þoifwef;rS avhvmoif,lcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk rdrdaexdkif&m &yfuGuftwGif;wGif

rnfodkY tokH;csrnfenf;/
4/ þoifwef;ESifh ywfoufí rnfonhft&mrsm;udk ajymif;vJygrnfenf;/

vkyfief;pOf
p rdrdoifMum;rnfh odkYr[kwf oifMum;&ef pDpOfaeonfh q&mtwwfoif oifwef;wpfck odkYr[kwf oifwef;
wpfckcktwGuf 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJwpfck jyifqifaeonf/
1/ rdrd\ oifwef;wGif wufa&mufrnfh oifwef;om;rsm; a&G;cs,f&eftwGuf ar;cGef; 5 ck yg0ifaom
EIwfajzpmar;yGJ (tifwmAsL;) wpfck pDpOfa&;qGJyg/
2/ þvkyfief;twGuf trSwfay;vrf;nTefwpfck jyKvkyfyg/ rnfonfh trSwfay;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;tm;
tokH;jyKrnfenf;/ oif,lolrsm;tm; rdrdrS trSwfay;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk rnfodkY today;jyornfenf;/
3/ ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ tifwmAsL;yg/ rdrd\ vkyfazmfudkifzuftm; rdrdpDpOfa&;qGJxm;aom
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD trSwfay;yg/
4/ rdrdwdkY\ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;yg/
vkyfief;pOf
q rdrdoifMum;aeonfh twef;twGuf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;onfh a&;ajzpmar;yGJwpfck jyifqifae
onf/ þppfaq;rIonf aemufqkH;&rSwf\ 40 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfNyD; tcsdef 2em&DrQ Mumjrifhrnfjzpfonf/
1/ þppfaq;rIwGif rdrdtaeESifh atmufygvkyfief;rsm; xnfhoGif;vdkonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;rsm;tm; rnfodkY
tpOfvdkuf xnfhoGif;rnfenf;/
(u) ar;cGef;&Snf (tzGifhar;cGef;)/
(c) tajzrSefa&G;/
(*) pmpDpmukH; (acgif;pOfESpfckrS a&G;cs,fyg)/
(C) acgif;pOftaMumif; tawG;tac:ESifh Oyrmrsm;udk wGJpyfjcif;/
(i) acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mtrSm;rsm;udk trSefjyefjyif
a&;ay;jcif;/
2/ rdrdcsrSwfxm;aom a&SUaemuf tpDtpOfudk ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ odkYr[kwf
tzGJUrsm;xJwGif aqG;aEG;yg/
3/ taMumif;t&mtm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKrI&Sdatmif vkyfief;pOf wpfckcsif;pDu
rnfodkY xnfh0iftm;jznfhxm;oenf;/
106 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
Z tzGJUrsm;xJwGif 2.4 p rS pm&if;udk jyefMunfhyg/ taMumif;t&m jzpf^rjzpf
∙ pmar;yGJykHpHtwGuf rdrd\ pm&if;udk
oifhawmfovdk jyifqiftokH;jyKyg/ ppfar;&rnfh oufqdkif&m wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh
rdrdtaeESifh wpfpkHwpf&m ajymif;vJ&ef taMumif;t&mtm;vkH; yg0ifygovm;/
odkYr[kwf aygif;xnfh&ef vdktyfygovm;/
∙ pmar;yGJykHpHaumif;wpfcktwGuf
wpfwef;vkH; oabmwlxm;onfh
vdkufemzG,f pm&if;wpfck jyKpkyg/
∙ xdkpm&if;udk rdwåLul;NyD; oifwef;om;wdkif;
udk ay;yg/ pmar;yGJrsm; jyifqif&mwGif
xdkpm&if;udk tokH;jyKyg/ (qE´tavsmuf
a&G;Edkifonf)
vkyfief;pOf
ps rdrdoifMum;avh&Sdonfh odkYr[kwf oifMum;rnfh bmom&yfwpfcktwGuf rdepf 30 Mumaom wdk;wufrI
ppfaq;jcif;wpfck jyKvkyfyg/
1/ (wpfywfpm oifMum;rnfh yrmP) &Sdaom oif½dk;rS oifcef;pmtydkif;wdk wpfydkif;udk a&G;cs,fyg/
∙ vkyfief;pOftrsdK;tpm; okH;ck odkYr[kwf av;ckudk a&G;cs,fyg - tydwfvkyfief;pOftcsdKU? tzGifhvkyfief;pOf
tcsdKU/
∙ tydwfvkyfief;pOfwpfckpDtwGuf ar;cGef; 5 ckESifh tzGifhvkyfief;pOftwGuf ar;cGef; 1 ckrS 3 ck a&;om;yg/
∙ oifcef;pm wpfywfpmvkH;\ taMumif;t&mESifh wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;tm;vkH; pkHvifpGm
ppfar;xm;aMumif; aocsmygap/
2/ rdrd\ oifwef;om;rsm;taMumif; pOf;pm;yg/ ppfaq;rIrSm ¤if;wdkY\ tqifhESifh udkufnDrI&Sdygovm;/
pmBudK;pm;aom oif,lolrsm;ESifh pdwftm;xufoefaom oif,lolrsm;aumif;aumif; ajzqdkEdkifygrnfvm;/
oif,loltrsm;pkrSm ajzqdkatmifjrifMuygrnfvm;/
3/ okH;Edkifaom tcsdefudk pOf;pm;yg/ pmar;yGJ ajzqdkNyD;ajrmuf&eftwGuf vkHavmufrI &Sdygovm;/
4/ rdrd\ pmar;yGJudk vkyfazmfudkifzuftm; ajzqdkapNyD; rdrdu ¤if;\ pmar;yGJudk ajzqdkyg/
5/ rdrd\ pm&if;twdkif; wGJzuf\ pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ppfaq;yg/
6/ wGJzuf\ pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;tay: xifjrifokH;oyfcsufay;yg/
aqG;aEG;csuf
n atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ tcsdefydkMumjrifhonfh a&;ajz pmar;yGJ vkyfief;rsm; odkYr[kwf EIwfajzpmar;yGJ vkyfief;rsm;\
aumif;usdK;rsm;ESifh qdk;usdK;rsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
2/ oif,lolrsm;rS trSwfay;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk odoifhygovm;/
3/ rdrdtaeESifh oif,lolrsm; pmar;yGJtwGuf jyifqif&ef rnfodkY ulnDaxmufyHhay;Edkifoenf;/

jzpf&yfavYvmcsuf
u&if'ku©onfaumfrwDynma&;Xme tqifhjrifhynma&;ausmif; (KRCEE-IHE) \ pmar;yGJbPf
u&ifjynfe,fESifh 'ku©onf xdkvkyfief;jzpfpOfonf tvGef pDeD,m q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifh
pcef;rsm;&Sd *sLeD,maumvdyf 7 ck tcsdefukefonf/ txl;ojzifh q&m^q&mrenf;jyrsm;u
twGuf pHowfrSwfxm;aom oif½dk; a0;vHacgifzsm;rS ausmif;rsm;ESifh ppfay;onf/ pmar;yGJbPfrsm;ESifh
nTef;wrf;wpfckudk u&ifppfa&Smif qufoG,frI jyKvkyf&onfrSm twl trSwfay; vrf;nTefrsm;udkyg
aumfrwDynma&;Xme tqifhjrifh rvG,fulvSyg/ xdkYtjyif q&m^ jyKpka&;om;cJhonf/
ynma&;ausmif;rS pDpOfay;onf/ q&mr topfrsm;onf bmom&yf
ti,fwef; 2 ESpf tpDtpOfwGif taMumif;t&mudk aocsmrodonfh ,ck IHE wGif t*FvdyfESifh vlrI
oif,l&rnfh bmom&yfrsm;rSm ocsFm? twGuf ar;cGef;0ifula&;&ef avhvma&;bmom&yfrsm; ppfaq;&m
odyÜH? t*Fvdyf? u&ifbmompum;ESifh rdrdudk,fudk,f r,kHMunfMuyg/ wGif a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKEdkif&eftwGuf
vlrIodyÜHbmom&yfwdkYjzpfonf/ &mESifhcsDaom ar;cGef;rsm; &SdaeNyDjzpf
2016 ckESpfwGif KRCEE-IHE onf onf/ q&m^q&mrrsm; ar;cGef;rsm;
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vlrIavhvma&; bmom&yfrsm;ESifh ydkxkwfNyD; oif½dk;nTef;wrf;
pepfwGif tdrfpmrsm;? twef; t*Fvdyfbmom&yfrsm;twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJvmonfESifhtrQ
wufa&mufrI? trltusifhESifh ykHrSef pmar;yGJbPf (exam bank) ESifh ar;cGef;bPfonfvnf; ydkrdk
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk trSwfay;jcif;wdkY prf;oyf&ef qkH;jzwfcJhonf/ aumif;rGefpGm ajymif;vJvmvdrfhrnf/
yg0ifonf/ bmom&yfwpfckpDwGif q&m^q&mrrsm;twGuf ppfaq;rI tqdkif;refY (tdrfpm) 5%
twef;tv,fESifh vkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm;qkH;jzwf&ef
twef;tqkH; pmar;yGJrsm;onf tvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJwpfck jyKvkyfcJh trltusifhESifh
5%
aemufqkH;trSwf\ &mEIef;rsm;pGm onf/ xdkYaemuf oifwef;enf;jy yg0ifulnDrI
&aprnfjzpfaomaMumifh rsm;onf ausmif;rsm;odkY twef;wufa&mufrI 5%
tvGeftusdK;qdkifrIjrifhonf/ oGm;a&mufNyD; pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;ykHpH
q&m^rrsm;onf t&ifu 'DZdkif;qGJenf;ukd oifwef;ay;cJh wdk;wufrI ppfaq;
pmar;yGJrsm;udk ESpfpOfa&;om;&onf/ 5%
Muonf/ q&m^q&mrrsm;onf onfh pmar;yGJrsm;
ausmif;tm;vkH;rS q&m^q&mr vkyfief;pOftrsdK;tpm; wpfckpD
rsm;onf tBuHjyKvdkonfh ESpfv,f pmar;yGJ 30%
twGuf wwfEdkifoavmuf ar;cGef;
pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk pmar;yGJ rsm;rsm; 0ifula&;Muonf/ aemufqkH; pmar;yGJ 50%
ar;cGef;vTmtjzpf a&G;cs,fay;rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;tm;vkH; usdK;aMumif;
KRCEE ½kH;csKyfodkY ydkYay;&onf/ qDavsmfrI&SdNyD; ,kHMunfpdwfcs&ap&ef
pkpkaygif;
vkyfief;pOf
# txufazmfjyyg jzpf&yfavhvmrItm; zwfyg/ tzGJUrsm;xJwGif
1/ pmar;yGJbPfrS ppfaq;rIrsm;tm; azmfjy&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifrnhf pum;vkH;rsm;udk 0dkif;yg/
tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom oif,lpOftuJjzwfppfaq;jcif;

oif,lNyD;tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdaom usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIr&Sdaom vufawGUusaom vufawGUrusaom
108 acwfopfq&m
2/ atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
(u) ,cifppfaq;rIpepfrS ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI? vufawGUusrI rlabmifwdkYESifh
qdkifaom jyóemrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
(c) pmar;yGJbPfpepfonf þjyóemrsm;tm; rnfodkY ulnDajz&Sif;ay;Edkifvdrhfrnf[k xifygoenf;/
(*) rnfodkYaom tajctaersdK;wGif pmar;yGJbPfpepfonf tokH;0ifEdkifygoenf;/
X rdrd\ oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;xJwGif

txl;wvnf xdktaMumif;t&mudk
ta&;ygonf[kxifaom oif,l&&SdrIaMumifh
oif,l&&SdrI wpfckck rdrd\ oifMum;a&;ü
taMumif; azmfjy rnfonfh tjrif
a&;om;yg/ ajymif;vJrI jzpfay:yg
oenf;/
2/ tb,fhaMumifh
þtydkif;onf 4/ txufyg ajymif;vJrI
txl;wvnf aMumifh oifMum;ykH
ta&;ygaMumif; ajymif;vJrI &SdEdkifyg
&Sif;jyyg/ ovm;/ rnfodkY
ajymif;vJ oifMum;rnf
jzpfygoenf;/
tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (4) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf ar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;jcif;

oif,lolrsm;twGuf rdrdwdkY zefwD;jyKpkEdkifonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ykHpHtrsdK;rsdK;&Sdonf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwf
ppfaq;rIpepfwGif tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIykHpHrsdK;pkHudk a&maESmtokH;jyKoifhonf/
pmar;yGJrsm;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppf&mwGifokH;onfh bkHenf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;rS atmifjrif
aygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;txd oif,rl I tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ykpH rH sdK;pkt
H ok;H jyKEdik o
f nf/ ppfaq;rIvyk if ef;pOfrsm; a&maESm
yg0ifjcif;E Sifh tydwfvkyfief;pOf? tzGifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; yg0ifaom pmar;yGJtrsm;pkonf usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdonf/
ya&m*sufrsm;onf tzGifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh tqifhjrifhawG;ac:jcif;pGrf;&nfudk ppfaq;onf/ ya&m*sufjzifh
ppfaq;&mwGif trSwfay;Z,m;vdktyfonf/ xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;onf ya&m*sufjyifqifrIESifh trSwfay;jcif;udk ydkrdkcufcJ
aponf/ ya&m*suftajcjyK oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf oif,lolrsm;udk vufawGUurÇmESifh tvm;wlonfh
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tajctaersm;udk awGUBuHKaponf/
tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;? yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh jyefvSefokH;oyfcsufrsm;tm;vkH;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfEdkifNyD; rdrd\ oif,lolrsm;
twGuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI? yg0ifulnDrI? pdwfaeoabmxm;ESifh jyefvSefoHk;oyfrI&Sdaom oif,lrIqdkif&m wwfuRrf;rI
pGrf;&nfrsm;udk wdk;wufap&ef taxmuftuljzpfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/

110 acwfopfq&m
5 oif , l r I tuJ j zwf q ef ; ppf j cif ;
pepf r sm;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^rrsm;onf
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepf\
tpdwftydkif;rsm;ukd avhvm&rnf/
∙ q&mtwwfoif q&m^rrsm;onf
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfrsm;&Sd
tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIudk EIdif;csdef
qHk;jzwfvdrfhrnf/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfwpfckukd
pDpOfzefwD;&rnf/

5.1 pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u rdrdoifMum;zl;aom odkYr[kwf avhvmoif,lzl;aom oifwef;wpfcktaMumif;udk pOf;pm;yg/ &rSwfrsm;udk
rnfodkY wGufcsufcJhygoenf;/ rnfonfht&mrsm;ay:wGif tuJjzwfppfaq;cJhygoenf;/ twef;vdkuf pm&if;
wpfckjyKpkyg/
∙ twef;wufa&mufrI
∙ aemufqkH;pmar;yGJ
c twef;wGif; vkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/ atmufygtuJjzwfqef;ppfrI ESpfrsdK;taMumif;ukd

rnfodkY odxm;oenf;/
1/ rSwfwrf; tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;
2/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;
atmufygpmom;udk zwfyg/ rdrdpOf;pm;xm;onfESifh udkufnDygovm;/
pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm;

pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;wGif oifwef;wpfavQmuf vkyfaqmif&aom tuJjzwfvkyfief;rsm;tm;
trSwfay;jcif; yg0ifonf/ ¤if;tuJjzwfvkyfief;rsm;wGif pmoifcef;wGif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;? tdrfpm?
ya&m*sufrsm;ESifh pmar;yGJwdkYtjyif twef;wufa&mufjcif;? yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif; odkYr[kwf tzGJUvdkuf
vkyfaqmifjcif; odkYr[kwf jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif;wdkYvnf; yg0ifEdkifonf/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfjcif;pepfwGif
q&m^q&mronf þtuJjzwfvkyfief;rsm;wpfckpD\ &rSwfrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;wifNyD; pmoifESpf0uftNyD;
odkYr[kwf oifwef;tNyD;wGif pkpkaygif;&rSwf odkYr[kwf aemufqkH;&rSwftm; wGufcsufay;&rnf/
rSwfwrf;wpfckwGif oif,lolrsm;\ tqdkif;refYrsm;? ya&m*sufrsm;ponfh vkyfief;wm0ef erlemrsm;udk
cif;usif;wifjyxm;aom zdkifwpfckjzpfonf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyf&ef tajccHtm;jzifh
xdkrSwfwrf;udk tokH;jyKonf/ xdkrSwfwrf;xJwGif rnfonfh vkyfief;wm0efrsm; xnfhoGif; rSwfom;oifh
onfudk q&m^q&mru odkYr[kwf ausmif;rS owfrSwfEdkifonf odkYr[kwf oif,lolrsm;u rdrdwdkY\
taumif;qkH; vkyfief;erlemrsm;udk a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/
112 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
* atmufyg oif,lrI tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif; ykHpH 3 ckteuf wpfckpDaqmif&Gufonfhtcg u? c? * wdkYwGif
rnfonfh enf;ud&d,mudk a&G;cs,ftokH;jyKrnfenf;/
1/ rSwfwrf; tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;/
2/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;/
3/ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;/
u
&rSwf okH;oyfcsuf
y#dyu©wGif yg0ifolrsm;tm; owfrSwfazmfxkwfjcif;/ 4^5 trsm;tm;jzifhrSefonf/
y#dyu©jzpfaeaom yef;wdkifrsm;udk EIdif;,SOfyg/ 2^5 cufw,f/ okawoevkyfwm tcsuftvuf&Smwm ydkvkyfzdkYvdkw,f/
udk,fydkif0daoo vu©Pm&yfZ,m; a&;qGJyg/ 5^5 aysmfzdkYaumif;w,f/ oli,fcsif;udkvnf; ulqGJay;vdkufao;w,f/
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh wefzdk;xm;rIrsm;tm; tMurf;zsif;azmfjyjcif;/ 3^5 NyD;atmifvkyfzdkY tcsdefr&awmhbl;/
c
þzdkifwGJwGif atmufygwdkY yg0ifonf/
* tdrfpm tqdkif;refY tdrfpm tqdkif;refY
∙ um;tif*sif o½kyfazmfykH/
1 1 2 2
∙ pufwyf,mOf\ ordkif;aMumif;
taMumif; pmpDpmukH;/ rdcsrf; 75% 100% 100% 75%
∙ tif*siftopf (EP4I3) udk ausmfqef; 75% 75% 25% 50%
okH;oyfa0zefjcif;/ abmufEl 50% 25% - 75%
∙ ya&m*sufrS "mwfykHrsm;/
armifBuD; 25% 50% 75% 50%
∙ vufawGU ya&m*suftaMumif;
cif;usif;wifjyrIrS jyuGufrsm;/ pdkif;pdkif; 75% 50% 100% -
avYusifYcef;
C rSefovm;? rSm;ovm;/ rSm;aeygu trSefjyefjyifa&;yg/
1/ pmar;yGJonf pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;\ wpfpdwfwpfydkif; jzpfEdkifonf/
2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u rSwfwrf;xJwGif xnfhrnfh taumif;qkH; vkyfaqmifcsufudk rdrdbmom
a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/
3/ twef;wufa&mufrIonfvnf; rSwfwrf;\ wpfpdwfwpfydkif; jzpfEdkifonf/
4/ ya&m*sufrsm;onf pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfEdkifonf/
5/ ya&m*sufrsm;onf rSwfwrf;rsm;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfEdkifonf/
6/ rSwfwrf;rsm;onf pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;\ tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfEdkifonf/

vkyfief;pOf
i pmzwfuRrf;usifrI oifwef;wpfck\ tuJjzwf
ppfaq;rIpepfudk Munhfyg/ ¤if;wGif tpdwftydkif;
ig;ckyg0ifygonf/ atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/ pmzwfuRrf;usifrI oifwef; (10 ywf)
1/ þoifwef;\ ta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;rSm
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrnfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;
tb,fenf;/
2/ oif,lolrsm;u rdrdwdkY zwfxm;onfht&mrsm;udk oif,lolrsm;tm; atmufygtcsufrsm;ay:wGif
tvG,fwul rSwfom;Edkif&ef q&m^q&mru tajccHí tuJjzwfppfaq;oGm;rnf/
rnfonfh pepfrsm; pDpOfay;Edkifoenf;/ rSwfwrf; 50%
3/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf
tjcm;rnfonfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh ∙ pmtkyftay: okH;oyfcsuf 3ck
t&if;tjrpfrsm; vdktyfygoenf;/ ∙ pmtkyftzkH;'DZdkif; 1ck
∙ oif,lolrsm;twGuf oifhavsmfonfh ∙ pmpDpmukH; 1yk'f
tqifh&Sdaom pmtkyfrsm;/ tydkaqmif; zwf½Ijcif; 10%
∙
ausmif;om;rsm;onf tywfpOf pmtkyfwpftkyf
∙ odkYr[kwf aqmif;yg;wpfyk'ftm; zwf&rnf/
4/ ay;xm;aom tuJjzwfjcif;pepf Oyrmtm; zwf&ef wpfywf ysufuGufygu trSefwpfrSwf
tokH;jyK&mwGif rnfonfh tcuftcJrsm; tavQmhcH&rnf/
&SdEdkifygoenf;/
pmar;yGJ 20%
∙ rSwfwrf;udk trSwfay;&mwGif ,kHMunf
pdwfcs&rI&SdaMumif; aocsmapjcif;/ ∙ wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif; pmar;yGJ 2ck
∙ (4 ywfajrmufESifh 8 ywfajrmuf)
∙ ∙ aemufqkH;pmar;yGJ (10 ywfajrmuf)
5/ tqdkygpdefac:csufrsm;udk rnfodkYwifjyEdkif yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESihf pdwfaeoabmxm; 10%
oenf;/
rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;rI 10%
∙ rSwfwrf;yg tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDtwGuf
trSwfay;vrf;nTefrsm; zefwD;jyKpkjcif;/
∙
∙
aqG;aEG;csuf
p atmufygwdkYtm; tokH;jyKjcif;\ tm;enf;csufrsm;ESifh tm;omcsufrsm;rSm tb,fenf;/
1/ rSwfwrf; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;/
2/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;/
114 acwfopfq&m
5. 2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepf tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIudk
EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfjcif;
tBudKoifcef;pm
u 5.1. (i) rS pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfrIpepftm; jyefMunfhyg/ tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDtwGuf
owfrSwfonfh &mcdkifEIef;rsm;uGJvGJonf/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfrIpepfwGif &mcdkifEIef;tm; tokH;jyLí
trSwfay;jcif;onf aemufqkH;trSwfay;jcif;tay: rnfodkY oufa&mufrI &Sdoenf;/
ppfaq;cH tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIudk EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfjcif;

oif,lolrsm;udk oifwef;wpfckvkH; odkYr[kwf ynmoifESpf wpfckpDtwGuf aemufqkH;trSwfay;&mwGif
pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwf okH;oyfjcif;pepfrsm;onf bkHppfaq;rIwpfckjzpfonf/ q&m^q&mrrsm;onf
oif,lrIqef;ppfjcif;pepf wpfcktwGif;&Sd ppfaq;&rnfhtydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIudk EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfonf/
odkYrSom aemufqkH;tqifhowfrSwf&ef rwlnDonfh tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDtwGuf &mEIef;trsdK;rsdK;udk
owfrSwfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ 5.1 (i) &Sd erlem oif,lqef;ppfrIpepfwpfckwGif oif,lolrsm;\ aemufqkH;
tqifhowfrSwfrItwGuf ]rSwfwrf;} ppfaq;rItydkif;udk 50% yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh pdwfaeoabmxm;
tydkif;udk 10% [k owfrSwfxm;onf/ þpepfwGif oif,lolrsm;\ aemufqkH;tqifh owfrSwfrItwGuf
rSwfwrf;tuJjzwfokH;oyfrIrS &rSwfonf ydkrdkta&;ygonf/ þae&mwGif q&m^q&mronf rSwfwrf;
tuJjzwf okH;oyfrIudk tvGefta&;ygonfh tydkif;? pmar;yGJrsm;udk tawmftoifh ta&;ygonfhtydkif;ESifh
yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh twef;wufa&mufrIudk tenf;i,f ta&;ygonfhtydkif;[k owfrSwfxm;onf/
wpfcgwpf&H ppfaq;&rnfh ta&;BuD;tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk q&m^q&mru qkH;jzwfNyD;? wpfcgwpf&H
ausmif;wGif twef;wdkif;twGuf tokH;jyK&rnfh pepfwpfck&SdNyD;jzpfonf/
avYusifYcef;
c atmufygtydkif;rsm;twGuf ausmif;om;wpfOD;pDonf pkpkaygif;trSwfwGif trSwfrnfrQ&rnfudk wGufyg/
1/ vk&,fonf yl;aygif;yg0ifrItwGuf 10 rSwfteuf 6 rSwf &&SdcJhNyD; ¤if;onf aemufqkH;trSwf 5 &mcdkifEIef;
jzpfonf/ vk&,f\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrItwGuf aemufqkH;&rSwfrSm rnfrQjzpfoenf;/
2/ pE´m0if;\ rSwfwrf;onf trSwf 20 wGif 18 rSwf&xm;onf/ xdktrSwfonf aemufqkH;tqifhowfrSwfrI
twGuf 50% tusKH;0ifonf/ olr\ rSwfwrf;twGuf aemufqkH;&rSwfrSm rnfrQenf;/
3/ cl;aygonf olr\ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;rsm;wGif 39^50? 42^50? 49^50? 35^50 ESifh 40^50 wdkYudk
&&Sdxm;onf/ wdk;wufrItm; ppfaq;jcif;onf aemufqkH;trSwf\ 20 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfonf/ cl;ayg\
wdk;wufrItm; ppfaq;jcif;twGuf aemufqkH;&rSwfrSm rnfrQjzpfoenf;/

vkyfief;pOf
* atmufyg Z,m;onf a*:&if*sDvlrIodyÜHwuúodkvfrS erlem oif,lrItuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;pepfwpfckjzpfonf/
1/ þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfonf oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jzpfygovm; odkYr[kwf
oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jzpfygovm;/
2/ rnfonfh tydkif;rsm;u ta&;tBuD;qkH; tav;ay;tcH&qkH; tydkif;rsm; jzpfoenf;/
pkpkaygif;
ppfaq;rnfh tydkif;rsm; tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; enf;vrf;
&rSwf\ %
aeYpOf twef;ac:csdefonf atmufygwdkYtm; tuJjzwfonf/

• twef;ykHrSef wufa&mufrI
twef;wufa&mufrIESifh • twef;tcsdefrSef a&muf&SdrI
20%
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI tywfpOf yl;aygif;yg0ifrI rSwfwrf;onf atmufygwdYk tm; tuJjzwfonf/
• twef;wGif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;
• twef;azmfrsm;ESifh yg0ifvkyfaqmifjcif;
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tydwf? tzGifh vkyfief;rsm;

• twef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;
• tdrfpmrsm;
pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwf • cif;usif;wifjyrIrsm;
25%
ppfaq;jcif; twef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;tm; wpfywfvQif wpfBudrf trSwfay;NyD; tdrfpmrsm;tm;
wpfywfvQif ESpfBudrf trSwfay;onf/ pmoifESpf0uf wpfckvQif cif;usif;wifjyrI
ESpfBudrfvkyf&onf/ cif;usif;wifjyrI trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;onf wifqufjyorI pGrf;&nfESifh
taMumif;t&mtay: od&Sdem;vnfrI ESpfckvkH;tm; wdkif;wmonf/
oifwef;wpfavQmufvkH;wGif ykHrSefppfaq;rIrsm;jzifh oif,lolrsm;\ oifcef;pmtay:

wdk;wufrItm; em;vnfrItm; tuJjzwfppfaq;onf/ ppfaq;rItm;vkH;onf twef;wGif oifMum;NyD;aom
15%
ppfaq;jcif;rsm; taMumif;t&mrsm;tay: tajccHNyD; wwfajrmufNyD;aom A[kokwrsm;? t"duusaom
t,ltqrsm;ESifh ta&;BuD;aom a0g[m&rsm;tm; wdkif;wm&ef &nf&G,fygonf/
oif,lolrsm;onf oifwef;wpfavQmufrS ¤if;wdkY\ oif,lrIjzpfpOfudk vGwfvyfpGm

rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwf
20% a&;om;xm;Muaom oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;rsm;udk tywfpOfxyf&onf/
ppfaq;jcif;
q&m^q&mrrsm;u oif,lolrsm;\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItay: trSwfay;onf/
oif,lolrsm;onf pmoifESpf0uftqkH;wGif pmar;yGJajzMuonf/ t"du t,ltqrsm;ESifh

pmar;yGJ 20%
wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;udk em;vnfwwfajrmufrI &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;onf/
116 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;pOf
C q&mbwifa&Tonf a*:&if*sDvlrIodyÜHwuúodkvfwGif pmoifMum;onf/ yxrESpf0ufwGif q,fywfwm
pmoifMum;&rnfjzpfNyD; wpfywfvQif ig;&uf pmoifcsdef&Sdonf/
oif,lolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tu,fí olwdkYu twef;udk

twef;wGif; vkyfief;pOfwdkif;
avhvmoif,lxm;aom tcsdefrDa&mufw,fqdk&if twef;
udkawmh tuJjzwfppfaq;wJhxJ
acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufí wufa&mufrItwGuf ESpfrSwf
rxnfhbl;/ wpfywfrSm
pmoifESpfwpfckrSm ESpfcg &r,f/ aemufus&if wpfrSwf
twef;wGif; vkyfief;ESpfck
cif;usif;wifjyrI vkyfMu &r,f/ qifajcaumif;aumif;
a&G;w,f - wpfcgwpf&H
&onf/ trSwfjynfh 25 rSwf r&SdbJ twef;vkH;0rvm&ifawmh
a&;ajz ya&m*suf odkYr[kwf
owfrSwfNyD; trSwfay;onf/ oknyJ/
tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;/ tdrfpm
tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;udk udkvnf; xdkykHpHtwdkif;
okH;ítrSwfay;onf/ vkyfaqmifapNyD; tajzrSef
twGuf tqifhowfrSwf
ay;onf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwf
oif,lrI rSwfwrf;udk qef;ppfjcif; wpfckpDonf 5
tywfpOfjznfh&w,f/ olwdkY&JU rSwfwefjzpfonf/
tm;xkwfrIudkyJ trSwfay;w,f/
tenf;qkH; pmydk'fESpfydk'favmuf
aocsmpOf;pm;okH;oyfNyD; ESpfywfpm oifcef;pmNyD;wdkif;rSm
a&;xm;w,fqdk&if ESpfrSwf wdk;wufrI ppfaq;onfh
&r,f/ wdkwdkyJa&;xm;&ifawmh pmar;yGJtwGuf trSwf 20
yl;aygif;yg0ifrItwGuf tywfpOf ay;onf/ pmoifESpftqkH;wGif
wpfrSwf&r,f/ trsm;tm;jzifh
trSwfay;w,f/ trSwfjynfhu trSwf 100 wef aemufqkH;
jyefpma&;ay;ygw,f/
ig;rSwfyg/ pmar;yGJwpfck ajz&onf/
1/ 5.2. * yg oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfudk q&mbwifa&T okH;xm;onfhtwdkif; atmufygZ,m;wGif

jznfhyg/
(c) oif,lrI (*) pmoifESpf (C) pmoifESpf

(u) tBudrfa& tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif; wpfESpfwGif oif,lrI wpfESpfvQif
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
(pmoifESpf0uf wpfckvQif) wpfckpDtwGuf tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif; jzpfEdkifajc
jzpfEdkifajctrSwf tBudrfa& &rSwfaygif;
twef;wufa&mufrI aeYpOf 2 50 100
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
twef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm;
tdrfpm
cif;usif;wifjyrI pmoifESpf0uf wpfckvQif ESpfBudrf 50
aeYpOfrSwfwrf;
oif,lrI ppfaq;rIrsm;
pmar;yGJ 1

2/ *sdrf;pfonf q&mbwifa&T\ twef;rS ausmif;om;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ atmufygZ,m;uGufrSm ESpf0ufwpfck
twGuf ¤if;\ &rSwfrsm;jzpfonf/ *sdrf;pf\ aemufqkH;&rSwftm;wGufyg/
pkpkaygif; &rSwf\ ausmif;om;\

ppfaq;rnfh tydkif;rsm; tuJjzwfjcif; ay;rSwf pkpkaygif;&rSwf
&mcdkifEIef; &rSwf
twef;wufa&mufrIESifh 20% twef;wufa&mufrI 94 100 170÷200 x
170÷
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI yl;aygif;yg0ifrI 76 100 20 = 17%
pOfqufrjywf 25% twef;wGif; vkyfief;rsm; 73 100
tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; tdrfpm 82 100
cif;usif;wifjycsufrsm; 34 50
rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfppfaq;jcif; 20% aeYpOfrSwfwrf;rsm; 17 20
wdk;wufrItm; ppfaq;jcif;rsm; 15% pmar;yGJi,frsm; 65 100
pmar;yGJ 20% pmar;yGJBuD; 88 100
aemufqHk;&rSwf &mcdkifEIef;
aqG;aEG;csuf
Oyrmrsm;
i atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk aqG;aEG;yg/
1/ 5.2 (*) wGif azmfjycJhaom tuJjzwfjcif; q&m^q&mronf
ausmif;olâusmif;om; q&m^q&mronf
pepfudk tokH;jyKjcif;tm;jzihf rnfonhf rsm;\ &rSwfrsm;udk
tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; &SdEdkifygoenf;/ rSwfwrf;wif &rSwfrsm;udk rSwfpkpmtkyf
odrf;qnf;xm;&rnf/ odkYr[kwf pm&if;Z,m;rsm;
2/ ¤if;tuJjzwfjcif;pepfwGif rnfodkYaom wGif rSwfwrf;wif
tcuftcJrsm; &SdEdkifygoenf;/ odrf;qnf;xm;Edkifrnf/
3/ þtcuftcJrsm;tm; rdrd rnfodkY
ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfenf;/
vkyfief;pOf
p rdrd vuf&Sd oifMum;aeonhf twef;wpfckudk pOf;pm;yg/
1/ rdrd pmoifESpftwGif; tokH;jyKEdkifrnhf tuJjzwfrIpepfwpfckudk pDpOfa&;qGJyg/ atmufygwdkYukd pOf;pm;yg/
∙ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh ppfaq;rnfhtydkif;rsm;
∙ pkpkaygif;&rSwf\ &mcdkifEIef;/
∙ tuJjzwfppfaq;enf;rsm;/
2/ rdrd\ tuJjzwfrIpepfudk twef;odkY wifjyyg/
vkyfief;pOf
q þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; oif½dk;udk rnfodkY tuJjzwfqef;ppfrnfenf;/
1/ rnfonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;rsdK;udk a&G;cs,frnfenf;/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
pepfwGif rnfonfhtydkif;udk ppfaq;&ef ta&;BuD;aMumif; rnfodkY &mcdkifEIef; owfrSwfrnfenf;/
118 acwfopfq&m
2/ pmrsufESm 118 &Sd ppfaq;rI enf;vrf;udkMunfhyg/ xdktpdwftydkif;udk oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrnfh
tpdwftydkif;rsm;wGif xnfhaygif;csifygovm;/ ta&;ygrIudk rnfodkY EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfrnfenf;/
3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; oifwef;wpfavQmufwGif rdrd\ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrIudk rdrdudk,fudk,f
tuJjzwfokH;oyfyg? tjcm;olrsm;udk tuJjzwfokH;oyfapyg odkYr[kwf rdrd\ enf;jyudk tuJjzwf
okH;oyfcdkif;yg/
Z rdrd\ oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf;xJwGif

txl;wvnf xdktaMumif;t&mudk
ta&;ygonf[k oif,l&&SdrIaMumifh
xifaom oif,l&&SdrI rdrd\ oifMum;a&;ü
wpfckcktaMumif; rnfonfh
azmfjya&;om;yg/ tjrifajymif;vJrI
jzpfay:ygoenf;/
2/ tb,fhaMumifh
þtydkif;onf 4/ txufyg
txl;wvnf ajymif;vJrIaMumifh
ta&;ygaMumif; oifMum;ykH ajymif;vJrI
&Sif;jyyg/ &SdEdkifygovm;/ rnfodkY
ajymif;vJ oifMum;rnf
jzpfygoenf;/
tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (5) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; pepfrsm;

pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfjcif; qdkonfrSm oifwef;wpfckwGif vdktyfaom uRrf;usifrI? A[kokwtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD;
ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;\ &rSwrf sm;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;onfh enf;vrf;wpfcjk zpfonf/ rSww f rf;rsm;onf pOfquf
rjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI ykHpHwpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ oif,lrItuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfEdkif&eftwGuf oif,lolrsm;u
xdkrSwfwrf;xJwGif erlem taumif;qkH; vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;udk rSwfwrf;wpfck zefwD;pDpOf pkpnf;jyKvkyf&onf/
pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfrIpepfwGif q&m^q&mru rwlnDonfh &mEIef;rsm;? ta&;ygrIrsm; ppfaq;&rnfh tpdwf
tydkif;udk owfrSwfonf/ þodkY jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh tcsdKUtydkif;rsm;udk ydkta&;BuD;aMumif; owfrSwfEdkifonf/
twef;rpcif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfrsm;udk pDpOfjyifqifoifhonf/ twef;wpfavQmufwGif tokH;jyKrnfh
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;jzpfaom (ppfaq;rIykHpHrsm;? ya&m*sufrsm;? tdrfpm? twef;wGif;vkyfief;?
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI? jyefvSefokH;oyfrIrsm;) ponfwdkYudk jyifqif& ydkrdkvG,fulaponf/
q&m^q&mrrsm;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfudk rdrdwdkY\ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;ESifh a0rQoifhonf/
odkYrSom ausmif;pmoifESpftwGif; rdrdwdkYudk rnfodkY trSwfay;rnfjzpfaMumif; odrnfjzpfonf/

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ar;cGef;vTm
þoif½dk;twGif; rdrdoif,lrIudk qef;ppftuJjzwf&eftwGuf atmufyg atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;csufudk okH;Edkifygonf/
tydkif; u rS C twGuf tajzrSefrsm;ESifh erlem tajzrsm;udk pmtkyftaemufwGif azmfjyxm;onf/ tydkif; i rS vkyfief;pOftwGufrl
jyifytrSwfay;ol vdktyfonf/
ay;rSwf 80
(u) tajzrSef a&G;jcif; vkyfief;pOf/ taumif;qkH; tajzudka&G;yg/ (14 rSwf)
1/ pmar;yGJppfjcif;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwf 4/ rnfonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;

qef;ppfjcif;ESifh rnfodkY qufpyfoenf;/ trsdK;tpm;onf rnfonfwdkY oifMum;&rnfudk
(u) vlwdkif; tajzrSefwpfckwnf; twlwl qkH;jzwf&ef tultnDay;Edkifoenf;/
ay;&rnfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ (u) tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom tuJjzwf
(c) ajzqdkol trsdK;rsdK;u tajzrSef trsdK;rsdK; qef;ppfjcif;/
uGJjym;pGm ay;Edkifaom ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ (c) tvkyfoabmjzpfaom tuJjzwf
(*) pmar;yGJppfjcif;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;/
qef;ppfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;xJrS wpfck (*) oif,lpOf ppfaq;aom tuJjzwf
jzpfonf/ qef;ppfjcif;/
(C) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh pmar;yGJ (C) oif,lNyD; ppfaq;aom tuJjzwf
ppfjcif;onf oufqdkifrI r&Sdyg/ qef;ppfjcif;/
2/ oif,lolrsm; twef;0ifcGifh&Sd^r&Sd rnfonfh 5/ txufwef;ausmif;rS wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrsm;

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;jzifh ppfaq;oenf;/ onf ____________ \ erlem pmar;yGJwpfck
(u) 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJ/ jzpfonf/
(c) ae&mowfrSwfcsuf pmar;yGJ/ (u) tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI/
(*) tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;onfh pmar;yGJ/ (c) tvGwfoabmqefaom tuJjzwf
(C) atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;onfh qef;ppfrI/
pmar;yGJ/ (*) oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI/
(C) wdk;wufrIudk ppfaq;aom tuJjzwf
3/ twef;wpfavQmufwGif oif,lolrsm;\ qef;ppfrI/
oif,lrIudk rnfonfh tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI
trsdK;tpm;jzifh ppfaq;oenf;/ 6/ oifhavsmfonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI
(u) 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJ/ vkyfief;pOfudk rnfodkY a&G;cs,foifhoenf;/
(c) ae&mowfrSwfcsuf pmar;yGJ/ (u) oifwef;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom/
(*) tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;onfh pmar;yGJ/ (c) rvG,fvGef; rcufvGef;aom/
(C) atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;onfh (*) oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrSwpfqifh/
pmar;yGJ/ (C) wdk;wufrIppfaq;aom tuJjzwf
qef;ppfrIrSwpfqifh/
120 acwfopfq&m
7/ tydwf ppfaq;rI vkyfief;rSm tb,fenf;/ 11/ pmar;yGJrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; atmufygwdkYwGif
(u) tajzrSefwpfckxJygaom vkyfief;/ rnfonfhtcsufu tNrJrSefuefoenf;/
(c) rdrdudk,fwdkif vkyfaqmif&aom vkyfief;/ (u) pmar;yGJrsm;onf tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom
(*) jzpfEdkifonfh tajzrSefrsm;pGmygaom ppfaq;rIjzpfonf/
vkyfief;/ (c) pmar;yGJrsm;onf ta&;tBuD;qkH;
(C) tajzrSefudk ppfaq;rnfh pm&if;&SdNyD;jzpfaom tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI ykHpHrsm;xJrS
vkyfief;/ wpfckjzpfonf/
(*) pmar;yGJrsm;wGif ppfaq;rIvkyfief;ykHpH
rsdK;pHkygonf/
8/ tzGifh ar;cGef;rsm;rSm atmufygwdkYjzpfonf/ (C) pmar;yGJrsm;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwf
(u) vlwdkif; tajzrSefwpfckwnf; twlwl qef;ppfrI pepfwdkif;\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;
ay;&rnfh ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ jzpfMuonf/
(c) ajzqdkol trsdK;rsdK;u tajzrSef trsdK;rsdK;
uGJjym;pGm ay;Edkifaom ar;cGef;jzpfonf/ 12/ tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
atmufygwdkYwGif rnfonfhtcsufu tNrJrSefuef
(*) tydwfar;cGef;rsm;xuf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
oenf;/
ydk&Sdonf/
(u) tenf;qkH; a&G;cs,frI av;ckygoifhonf/
(C) tydwfar;cGef;rsm;xuf usdK;aMumif;
qDavsmfrIydk&Sdonf/ (c) trSm;okH;ck ygoifhonf/
(*) tajzrSefwpfckomygaMumif; aocsmygap/
9/ pmpDpmukH;ar;cGef;udk ydkí ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sdaom (C) ]txufrS tajztm;vkH;rSefonf} udk
ppfaq;rIjzpfatmif rnfodkY jyKvkyfEdkifoenf;/ rokH;ygESifh/
(u) tajzrSefwpfckyJ owfrSwfxm;yg/
(c) trSwfppfrnfh tzGJUwpfzGJUxm;&Sdyg/ 13/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfwpfckwGif
ppfaq;cHtpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ta&;ygrIudk EIdif;,SOf
(*) trSwfay;onfhtcg trSwfay;Z,m;
owfrSwfjcif; qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/
wpfckudk tokH;jyKyg/
(u) tzGifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
(C) rwlnDonfh vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK; xnfhoGif;yg/
vkyfief;rsm;udkom tokH;jyKjcif;/
10/ tzGJUvdkuf vkyfief;rsm;udk trSwfay;&ef tokH;jyKrnfh (c) tydwf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif trsm;tm;jzifh atmufygwdkYrS vkyfief;rsm;udkom tokH;jyKjcif;/
rnfonfhtydkif;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;oenf;/ (*) tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDudk &mcdkifEIef;
(u) cif;usif;wifjyrIESifh 'DZdkif;/ owfrSwfjcif;/
(c) qufoG,frIESifh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI/ (C) vkyfief;pOftrsdK;rsdK; yg0ifaMumif;
(*) pmvkH;aygif;ESifh o'´g/ aocsmapjcif;/
(C) jzpfpOfESifh tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrI/ 14/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;wGif
_____________ yg0ifonf/
(u) rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;/
(c) ykHrSefppfaq;rIrsm;/
(*) rSwfwrf;wpfck/
(C) txufygtajztm;vkH;rSefonf/

(c) jzpf&yfavhvmcsufudkzwfyg/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI odYk r[kwf vufawGUusrI xdkrlabmifokH;ckwGif rnfonfESifh
udkufnDrI r&Sdoenf;/ (8 rSwf)
1/ trSwfppfrnfhol okH;a,muf&Sdonf/ 5/ jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfh tajzrSefrsm;pGm&Sdaomfvnf;
xdkokH;a,mufonf rwlnDonfh pHowfrSwfcsuf trSwfay;olonf tajzwpfckxJudkom
wpfckpDokH;NyD; trSwfay;Muonf/ vufcHonf/
2/ odyÜHbmom&yfESifh ywfoufonfh wwfuRrf;rI 6/ nTefMum;csufrsm; ½IyfaxG;aomaMumifh

pGrf;&nfudk ppfaq;onf odkYaomf t*Fvdyfpm ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf tajzrSefudk ae&m
pmvkH;aygif; rSm;aomaMumifh ausmif;om;tcsdKU trSm;wGif a&;Muonf/
trSwfenf;onf/
7/ q&m^q&mrwpfa,mufonf tvGwfoabm
3/ tcef;\ b,fbuftjcrf;&Sd ausmif;om;^ tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhonfh wdk;wufrIppfaq;onfh
ausmif;olrsm;onf tMum;pGrf;&nf ppfaq;&mwGif pmar;yGJwdkwpfckudk tcsdefokH;&uf,lí 'DZdkif;
aumif;pGmrMum;&yg/ jyifqifonf/
4/ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol ta,muf 200 udk 8/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;&mwGif

ppfaq;&ef trSwfppf 1 OD; &Sdonf/ 0ifcGifhajzqdk&m oifMum;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfh acgif;pOftcsdKU
wGif 1 em&DMum tifwmAsL;wpfck yg0ifonf/ yg0ifaeonf/
(*) c wGif azmfjyxm;aom jzpf&yfavhvmcsufwpfckpD&Sd jyóemrsm;udk rnfodkY ajz&Sif;jyKjyifrnfjzpfaMumif; &Sif;jyyg/ (16 rSwf)
(C) þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;twGuf rnfonfhudpö&yfrsm;onf ta&;ygoenf;/ wpfckpDtwGuf pmydk'fwdkwpfcka&;yg/ oif,lrI tuJjzwf

qef;ppfcsuf trsdK;tpm;ESifh 0daoorsm;udk &Sif;jyNyD; oifhavsmfonfh oif,lrItuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;wpfckudk tBuHjyKyg/ (12 rSwf)
1/ t*Fvdyfbmompum; tcsdefjynfhoifwef; 3/ q&mtwwfoif oifwef;wGif oifwef;om;^

wpfcktwGuf ausmif;om;âusmif;ol 12 OD; oifwef;olrsm;onf trSwf\ 20% ESifh nDaom
a&G;cs,fvdkonf/ ae&mtrsdK;rsdK;rS avQmufxm;ol tzGJUvdkuf ya&m*sufwpfck vkyfaqmifMuonf/
ta,muf 250 &Sdonf/ t*Fvdyfpmtqifh ya&m*sufwGif oifcef;pmwpfck jyifqifjcif;?
tjrifhqkH;&Sdoludk a&G;cs,fvdkonf/ oifMum;jcif;? atmifjrifcJhonfrsm;ESifh wdk;wuf&ef
vdktyfonfh tydkif;rsm;taMumif; jyefvSefokH;oyf
2/ uav;rsm;udk pmoifonf/ 1 rS 20 xd rnfrQ a&;om;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
aumif;pGm a&wGufEdkifaMumif; odvdkonf/ odkYrSom
a&wGufjcif; oifcef;pmtwGuf tcsdefydk,l&ef 4/ rdrd\ tv,fwef; ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
vdktyfjcif;&Sd^r&Sd odrnfjzpfonf/ uav;rsm; onf wpfywfpm yx0Doifcef;pmrsm;udk
aumif;pGm a&wGufEdkifvQif 21 rS 100 xd em;vnfjcif;&Sd^r&Sd tvsiftjref ppfaq;vdkonf/
a&wGufjcif;udk tm½kHpdkuf oifMum;Edkifrnf/
122 acwfopfq&m
(i) pmpDpmukH;^tqdkif;refY (30 rSwf)
rdrdoifMum;rnfh? oifMum;&ef pDpOfxm;onfh? odkYr[kwf oifMum;vdkonfh oifwef;wpfckudk pOf;pm;yg/
rdrdoifwef;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk a&;om;yg/ rdrdoifwef;twGuf pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI pepfwpfckudk
pDpOfyg/ pmvkH;a& 200 rS 400 cefYjzifh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;taMumif; &Sif;jyyg/
xdkpmpDpmukH;udk atmufygtrSwfay;Z,m;twdkif; trSwfay;rnfjzpfonf/
6 rSwf 8 rSwf 10 rSwf

owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrDvkeD; owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef
qufpyf ∙ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ∙ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ∙ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk

qDavsmfrI tenf;i,fom &Sif;jyxm;/ trsm;pk aumif;pGm aumif;pGm&Sif;jyonf/
∙ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk &Sif;jyxm;/ ∙ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk
tenf;i,f &Sif;jyxm;/ ∙ pH o wf r S w f c suf r sm;ud k aumif;pGm&Sif;jyonf/
∙ tpdwftydkif;rsm;taMumif; trsm;pkaumif;pGm ∙ tpdwftydkif;rsm;taMumif;
tenf;i,f &Sif;jyxm;/ &S i f ; jyxm;/ aumif;pGm&Sif;jyonf/
∙ tpd w f t yd k i f ; rsm;taMumif ;
trsm;pkaumif;pGm
&Sif;jyxm;/
tawG; ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwf ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwf ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwf

t,lrsm; qef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm;udk qef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm; qef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm;
em;rvnf/ taMumif; tenf;i,f udk aumif;pGmem;vnf/
∙ tawG;t,lrsm; wdusjcif; od&Sd/ ∙ tawG;t,l tm;aumif;
r&Sd/ ∙ tawG;t,lrsm; wdus/
trsm;tm;jzifhwdus/
ta&;tom; ∙ em;vnf& cufcJ/ ∙ trsm;tm;jzifh ∙ em;vnf& vG,ful/

∙ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrI em;vnf&vG,f/ ∙ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrI
raumif;/ ∙ zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrI &Sif;vif;tm;aumif;/
trsm;tm;jzifhaumif;/

twef;qkH; ya&m*suf - oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsufwpf&yf pDpOfzefwD;jcif;
vkyfief;aqmifwm (u) - rdrdtwGuf tokH;0ifrnfh oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsufwpf&yfudk tpDtpOfqGJyg/
1/ atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkyg/
þtuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf\ &nf&G,fcsufu
tb,fenf;/
þtuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufudk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif
tokH;jyKrnfenf;/
þtuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrSm rnfolwdkYtwGuf
jzpfoenf;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsuf trsdK;tpm; (wpfckudk puf0dkif;0dkif; a&G;cs,fyg/)

atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI
0ifcGifh tqifhcGJae&mcsjcif; tm;enf;csuf&Smjcif; wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif;
ppfaq;jcif;
oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsuf 0daoorsm; (tvsm;vdkuf wpfvdkif;pDwGif wpfckpD a&G;cs,f puf0dkif;0dkif;yg/)
tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom
oif,lpOfppfaq;jcif; oifMum; oif,ltNyD; ppfaq;jcif;

tydwf ar;cGef;^vkyfief;pOfrsm; okH;rnfvm;/
rnfonfh vkyfief;pOftrsdK;tpm;rsm; okH;rnfvJ/
tzGifh ar;cGef;^vkyfief;pOfrsm; okH;rnfvm;/

rnfonfh vkyfief;pOftrsdK;tpm;rsm; okH;rnfvJ/
trSwfay;Z,m; vdktyfygovm;/ trSwfay;
pHpm&if;? tajccH trSwfay;Z,m;ESifh tao;pdwf
trSwfay;Z,m;wGif rnfonfudkokH;rnfvJ/
trSwfay;rnfjzpfovm;/ trSwfb,favmuf
ay;rnfvJ/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf vufawGUusatmif
rnfodkY pDrHrnfenf;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
&Sdatmif rnfodkY pDrHrnfenf;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf aMumif;usdK;
qDavsmfrI& Sdatmif rnfodkY pDrHrnfenf;/
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuftwGuf vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;
2/ rdrd\ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf pepfudk twef;xH wifjyyg/
124 acwfopfq&m
vkyfief;aqmifwm (c) - oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf zefwD;yg/
1/ tydwfvkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh tzGifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;udk vdkovdk a&;om;zefwD;yg/ tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m; okH;rnfqdkygu
aemufqufwGJ 1 wGif ay;xm;aom ykHpHudk okH;Edkifonf/
2/ rdrdwdkY zefwD;xm;aom tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;udk ESpfOD;wGJtvdkuf tjyeftvSef avhvmppfaq;NyD; atmufyg pHpm&if;ESifh
wdkufppfum tBuHjyKcsufrsm; tcsif;csif;ay;&rnf/
vdktyfonfh tajymif;tvJrsm;
tuJjzwf
qef;ppfcsufonf [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
vufawGUusonf/
tuJjzwf
qef;ppfcsufonf
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
&Sdonf/
tuJjzwf
qef;ppfcsufonf
aMumif;usdK; [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
qDavsmfrI&Sdonf/
tydwfvkyfief;pOf
tm;vkH;udk
rSefuefpGm a&;om; [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
zefwD;xm;onf/
tzGifhvkyfief;pOf
tm;vkH;udk
rSefuefpGm a&;om; [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
zefwD;xm;onf/
trSwfay;Z,m;
tm;vkH; oifhawmf [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
udkufnDrI&Sdonf/
nTefMum;csufrsm;
tm;vkH; &Sif;vif;rI [kwf r[kwf wpdwfwydkif;[kwf
&Sdonf/

aemufqufwGJ 1 - tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;ykHpH
pGrf;aqmif&nf tqifh okH;qifhygaom tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m; a&;qGJ&ef atmufygykHpHudk tokH;jyKyg/

1/ pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;udk vuf0Jbuf axmifvdkuftuGufwGif pm&if;a&;yg/ pHEIef;e,fy,f av;ckxufrsm;jcif;ênf;jcif; &Sdygu
tvsm;vdkuftuGufrsm; xyfxnfhjcif;? avQmhjcif;jyKyg/
2/ pGrf;aqmif&nf tqifhwpfckpDtwGuf &Edkifonfh &rSwfrsm;udk axmifvdkuftay:uGufrsm;wGif jznfhyg/
3/ pGrf;aqmif&nf tqifhwpfckpDtwGuf tqifhowfrSwfazmfjycsufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;a&;jznfhyg/ wpfqifhwGif azmfjycsuf tenf;qkH;
ESpfckxnfh&ef tBuHjyKtyfygonf/
tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m; a&;qGJjcif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; xyfrHod&Sdvdkygu tcef; 3.4 udk zwf½Iavhvmyg/
pGrf;aqmif&nf tqifh owfrSwfcsufrsm;
______ rSwf ______ rSwf ______ rSwf

pkpkaygif;
owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrDvkeD; owfrSwfcsuf jynfhrD owfrSwfcsuf ausmfvGef
∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙
pHEIef;e,fy,frsm;
∙ ∙
∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙
∙ ∙ ∙
q&mrSwfcsufrsm; pkpkaygif;&rSwf
126 acwfopfq&m
aemufqufwGJ 2 - oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;pepf ykHpH
atmufygykHpHudk okH;NyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepf zefwD;Edkifonf/

1/ 0Jbuf axmifvdkuftuGufwGif pepfwGifyg0ifonfh tpdwftydkif; trsdK;rsdK;udka&;yg/ erlemrsm;rSm
∙ twef;wufa&mufrIESifh yg0ifrI
∙ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsufrsm; (tdrfpm? twef;wGif; vkyfief;pOf? avhusifhcef;pm&Gufrsm; tp&Sdonfjzifh)
∙ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI qef;ppfcsufrsm; (ESpfv,f pmar;yGJrsm;? ya&m*sufrsm;? aemufqkH; pmar;yGJESifh ya&m*sufrsm;
ponfjzifh)
∙ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;csuf (tcef;qkH; pmar;yGJrsm;? ÓPfprf;pmar;yGJrsm;? ponfjzifh)
∙ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;ESifh jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif;
∙ vkyfief;rSwfwrf;rsm;
2/ vuf,mbuf axmifvdkuftuGufwGif yg0ifonfh tpdwftydkif; wpfckpDtwGuf vkyfief;aqmifwm trsdK;rsdK;udk pm&if;csa&;yg/
3/ tv,faxmifvdkuftuGufwGif tpdwftydkif;wpfckpD\ ta&;ygrI &mcdkifEIef;rsm;xnfhyg/ tuGuftm;vkH;aygif;v'fu 100
&mEIef;jzpfatmif ppfaq;yg/
tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsufpepf zefwD;jcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh tydkaqmif; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;twGuf tcef; 5.2 udk
MunfhEdkifygonf/
tpdwftydkif;rsm; trSwfaygif;wGif xnhfaygif;rnfh % tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf enf;vrf;

tajzrsm;
1/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; qdkonfrSm (c) b,ftcsdefrSm ppfaq;rIjyKvkyfovJ/
tb,fenf;/ ∙ oifwef;rpcif
∙ oifwef;tp
1.1 tb,faMumifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ∙ oifwef;tqkH;
jyKvkyfoenf;/
∙ oifwef;wpfavQmufvkH;
(u) tajzrsm; ... (*) tb,faMumifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
jyKvkyfoenf;/
1/ ]]ppfaq;jcif;}} tqifh/
∙ oif,lolrsm;\ tqifhudkod&Sd&ef/
2/ pmoifMum;NyD;aemuf oif,lolrsm;\ oif,lrIudk
ppfaq;onf/ xdkppfaq;rIrSwpfqifh rdrd\ ∙ oif,lolrsm; rnfrQ oif,l&&SdNyD;aMumif;od&ef/
oif,lolrsm;twGuf tem*wf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ∙ oif,lolrsm;\ wdk;wufrIudk ppfaq;&ef/
azmfxkwfEdkifonfh pmoifMum;rI okH;oyfcsufrsm;udk ∙ oif,lolrsm; rnfonfwdkYudk od&SdNyD;? vkyfaqmif
od&SdEdkifonf/ aemifvmrnfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk EdkifaMumif; od&Sd&ef/
xdkod&Sdvmonfh tcsufrsm;ESifhtnD jyifqif (C) b,fESpfBudrfrQ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI
oifMum;Edkifonf/ jyKvkyfoenf;/
(c) tajzrsm; ... ∙ pmoifcsdeftopfwpfck pwJhtcsdefwdkif;/
1/ pmar;yGJppfjcif;onf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ∙ wpfywfwpfBudrf/
wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfonf/ oif,lolrsm;udk ∙ pmoifESpfwpfckNyD;wdkif;/
ÓPfprf;? pmar;yGJ? ppfaq;csufrsm;ay;NyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIudk rnfodkY
¤if;wdkY pGrf;&nfESifh todA[kokw tqifhrsm;udk jyKvkyfoenf;/
wdkif;wmjcif;jzpfonf/ oif,lrI tuJjzwf ∙ pmar;yGJrsm;/
qef;ppfrIjyKvkyf&ef pmar;yGJppfjcif;udk bkHenf;vrf;
∙ tqdkif;refYrsm;/
wpfcktaejzifhokH;onf/ odkY&mwGif pmar;yGJppfjcif;
tjyif tjcm;enf;vrf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhvnf; oif,lrIudk ∙ tdrfpmtrSwfay;jcif;/
tuJjzwfqef;ppfEdkifonf/ oif,lolrsm;\ ∙ twef;wGif; pGrf;aqmif&nf/
tqdkif;refYrsm;ESifh ya&m*sufrsm;udk trSwfay;jcif; (i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
odkYr[kwf oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk
1/ rSef
avhvmapmifhMunfhjcif; odkYr[kwf oif,lrI aeYpOf
rSwfwrf;rsm;udk zwfjcif;jzifhvnf; oif,lrIudk 2/ rSm; - ppfaq;jcif;? oifMum;jcif;ESifh
tuJjzwfqef;ppfEdkifonf/ jyifqifjcif; tqifhrsm;tm;vkH;onf puf0ef;\
tpdwftydkif;rsm;tjzpf wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfae
2/ (u)
Muonf/
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ... 3/ rSef
1/
1.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jyKvkyfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
(u) b,folawGudk oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
jyKvkyfoenf;/ (c) tajzrsm; ...
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; 1/ wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif;/
b,folawGu ppfaq;oenf;/ 2/ 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;/
∙ q&m^q&mrrsm; 3/ ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;/
b,folawGtwGuf tusdK;&SdovJ/ 4/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/
∙ q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; 5/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;/
∙ oifwef;wpfckvkH; 6/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;/
128 acwfopfq&m
7/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ (i) tajzrsm; ...
8/ 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;/ 1/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;/
9/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ 2/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;/
10/ ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;/ 3/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;/
(*) tajzrsm; ... 4/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;/
1/ (c) i
(p) tajzrsm; ...
2/ (*) v
1/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/
3/ (C) iii
4/ (i) ii
5/ (u) iv 4/ 0ifcGifhppfaq;jcif;/
(C) erlem tajzrsm; ...
(q) tajzrsm; ...
1/ (u) ½dk;&Sif;aom u,m;bmompum;vkH;rsm;ESifh pNyD;
½IyfaxG;aom pmydk'frsm;xdygaom tajzrSefa&G;
vkyfief;pOfwpfck/
(c) NydKifyGJwpfck/ a&ul;olwpfa,mufpD\ Mumcsdefudk wdk;wufrI
0ifcGifh
rSwfom;xm;NyD; enf;vrf;twdtus wpfckpDtwGuf ppfaq;jcif; ppfaq;jcif;
trSwfrsm; owfrSwfyg/ tm;enf;csuf
(*) rdrdoifMum;xm;cJhaom oifcef;pmxJrS vkyfief;ESifh ppfaq;jcif; ae&mowfrSwfcsuf atmifjrif
ykHpHwlonfh pmzwfjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm; a&G;cs,f ppfaq;jcif; aygufajrmufrI
ppfaq;jcif;
pkpnf;rI/
(C) oifwef;rS acgif;pOfrsm;tm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKEdkifaom
ppfaq;rI vkyfief;rsm;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm; twGJvdkuf/
ygarmu©rS axmufcHxm;onfh acgif;pOfwpfckESifh oif,lpOf oif,lNyD;
ywfoufonfh okawoeya&m*sufwpfck/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
1.3 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;\ 0daoorsm; (Z) erlem tajzrsm; ...

1/ (u) oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;/
(c) tajzrsm; ... (c) acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufNyD; oif,lolrsm;
1/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ rnfonfwdkYudk od&Sdxm;aMumif;? rnfonfwdkY
2/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ vdktyfaMumif;? rnfonfwdkYudk odvdkaMumif;/
3/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ (*) rdrdwdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh rdrdudk,fydkif
4/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; odkYr[kwf aemufcHA[kokw/ rdrdwdkY oif,lvdkonfrsm;
atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ ESifh ywfoufNyD; q&m^q&mrudk okH;oyfcsuf
ay;Edkifonf/
5/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif;/
2/ (u) oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; (oifcef;pm
6/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif;/ wpfcktwGif; jyKvkyfNyD;aom avhusifhcef;
7/ tm;enf;csufppfaq;jcif; (odkY) wdk;wufrI wpfck) odkYr[kwf oif,lNyD; tuJjzwf
ppfaq;jcif; (odkY) atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI qef;ppfjcif; (oif,lolrsm;\ acgif;pOfESifh
ppfaq;jcif; ywfoufonfh A[kokwudk trSwfay;&ef)/
8/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;jcif; (odkY) wdk;wufrI (c) oif,lolrsm;u acgif;pOfESifh ywfoufonfh
ppfaq;jcif; t"dupum;vkH;rsm;udk rnfodkY oif,lavhvm
NyD;aMumif;/

(*) oif,lolrsm;u rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifoif,lrIudk 2/ (i) (*)
ppfaq;Edkifonf/ (ii) (u)
3/ (u) oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jzpfEdkifonf (iii) (c)
odkYaomf oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh 3/ (u) ESpfqifhjzpfpOfwpfck/ yxrqkH;taejzifh
ydkqifwlonf/ tvsiftjref trSwfay;Edkifonfh tajzrSefa&G;
(c) oif,lolrsm;u oifcef;pmudk vkyfief;pOfwpfck/ trSwftjrifhqkH;&
rnfrQaumif;pGm oif,lavhvmNyD;aMumif; ausmif;om;âusmif;ol 10% onf
owif;tcsuftvuf/ pmpDpmukH;wpfyk'fESifh tifwmAsL;wpfck
(*) tzGJUxJwGif rdrdwdkY\ udk,fydkifoif,lrIudk ajz&rnf/
ppfaq;NyD; tjcm;olrsm;\ oif,l&&SdrIrsm;ESifh (c) ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; a&;xm;onfh
EIdif;,SOfEdkifonf/ pmpDpmukH; rlMurf;ausm½dk;rsm;? ed'gef;rsm;ESifh
ed*kH;rsm;/
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; rlabmifrsm; (*) wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufydkaom a&;ajz
vkyfief;rsm; - Oyrm owfrSwfbmompum;
2.1 vufawGUusrI ykHpHrsm;ygonfh ykHjyifwpfyk'f odkYr[kwf
EIwfwdkufcsa&;jcif;/
(u) erlem tajzrsm; ...
1/ tokH;0ifaom? oifhavsmfaom? pDpOf&vG,fulaom/ 2.2 ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;onf vufawGUus&ef
vdktyfygonf/ odkYrSom q&m^q&mrrsm;ESifh
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf o½kyfjy&rnfh 1/ trSwfay;ykH rwlnDMuyg/ q&m^q&mr
acgif;pOfrsm; odkYr[kwf wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;udk ESpfa,mufonf tajzwpfrsdK;wnf;udk trSwfay;ykH
tvG,fwul tm½kHpdkufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ rwlbJjzpfaeonf/
2/ q&m^q&mronf wpfaeYvkH; trSwfxdkifppf
(c) erlem tajzrsm; ... &aomaMumifh yifyef;onf/ xdkYaMumifh trSwfay;
1/ (u) apmifhMunfhppfaq; - tGefvdkif;rS pmar;yGJ onfhykHpHonf reufydkif;wGif trSwfay;onfhykHpHESifh
jzpfonfhtwGuf pmcdk;csjcif; r&Sdatmif rwlEdkifyg/ yifyef;vmaomaMumifh trSwfay;
pDrH&rnf/ ajzNyD;onfholu rajz&ao;oludk enf;vmonf/
ar;cGef;ajymjyjcif; r&Sdapa&;twGuf 3/ taemufwGif xdkifonfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
ausmif;om;âusmif;oltm;vkH; wNydKifeuf ESifh ta&SUrSmxdkifonfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
pmar;yGJ ajz&atmif pDrH&rnf/ tajctae uGmjcm;onf/
trSwfay; - trSwfppfrnfhol tajrmuftjrm;
ESifh tvGef&Sif;vif;aom trSwfay; (c) erlem tajzrsm; ...
vrf;nTefcsufrsm; vdktyfvdrfhrnf/ trSwfppf 1/ rSDcdkEdkifaom? wdusaom? ,kHMunfpdwfcsEdkifonf/
rnfholrsm;udk oifwef;ay;xm;zdkYvdkonf/ 2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;onf ,kHMunf
(c) pDpOfa&;qGJ - ausmif;om;âusmif;ol pdwfcs&Edkif&ef vdktyfonf odkYrSom q&m^rrsm;ESifh
6 a,mufvkH;u tpDtpOfrsm;udk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf &v'fudk
em;vnfaMumif; aocsmatmifpDrHyg/ ,kHMunfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
trSwfay; - ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
6 a,mufom &SdonfhtwGuf (*) tajzrsm; ...
wpfa,mufcsif;pDudk tcsdefydk,lí 1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom - trSefESifh trSm;
trSwfay;Edkifonf/ tajz &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;&SdNyD; q&m^q&mr
(*) pDpOfa&;qGJ - vlwdkif;twGuf pm&GufESifh wpfa,mufwnf;uom trSwfay;onf/
cJzsufrsm; tvkHtavmuf&Sdatmif pDrHxm;yg/ 2/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom - q&mtrsdK;rsdK;u
apmifhMunfhppfaq; - pmtkyfrsm;xJrS ul;csjcif; trSwfay;Z,m; trsdK;rsdK;udkokH;onf/
odkYr[kwf tjcm;olrsm;xHrS ul;csjcif;rsm; 3/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom - pHowfrSwfcsufudk
r&Sdap&ef aocsmvkyfaqmifyg/ &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;NyD; trSwfay;&mwGifvnf;
tokH;jyKonf/
130 acwfopfq&m
4/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom - pmar;yGJ ajzqdk&onfh (q) erlem tajzrsm; ...
tajctaersm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
tm;vkH;twGuf rwlnDyg/ ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;udk
twnfjyKtokH;rjyKrD prf;oyfajzqdkMunfhyg/
5/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom - tifwmAsL; ajzqdk&onfh jyóemtrSm;rsm; awGUygu ajzqdkrIrjyKvkyfrD
tajctaersm;onff ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; trSm;rsm;udk jyifqifEdkifonf/ ajzqdkrnfh
tm;vkH;twGuf rwlnDyg/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;ESifh tajctaewlonfh
6/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom - tjcm;ausmif;om;^ tkyfpkwpfpkudk tprf;ajzqdkMunfhygap/
ausmif;olrsm;onf ta&SUrS t&ifqdkoGm;onfrsm;udk ∙ xdkqef;ppfrIrsm;udk trSwfray;rD trSwfppfrnfhol
em;axmif&aomaMumifh aemufqkH;rSqdkaom rsm;udk avhusifhay;xm;yg/
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf tu©&mrsm;udk
oif,lEdkifonf odkYr[kwf jyefvnfavhvmEdkifonf/
2.3 usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
1/ (1) edrfhEdkifajc&Sd (2) jrifh (3) jrifh
(4) jrifh (5) jrifh (6) edrfhEdkifajc&Sd 1/ usdK;aMumif;oifhavsmfonf? t"dyÜm,f&Sdonf?
2/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhavav ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI&Sd&efrSm vkyfoifhonfhtwdkif; vkyfaqmifjcif;&Sdonf/
ta&;BuD;avavjzpfonf/ 2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;onf usdK;aMumif;
qDavsmfrI&Sd&ef vdktyfonf odkYrSom q&m^rrsm;ESifh
(i) erlem tajzrsm; ... ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf owfrSwfxm;onfh
1/ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh A[kokwwdkYudk
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; rnfrQydkifEdkifaMumif;
2/ tuJjzwfppfaq;ol
nTefjyay;onfh &v'fudk od&Sdrnfjzpfonf/
3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf
3/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwf
4/ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol qef;ppfjcif;rsm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
5/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk rnfrQa&muf&SdaMumif;
6/ tuJjzwfppfaq;ol wdkif;wmonf/
7/ oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfcsuf
(c) erlem tajzrsm; ...
8/ ywf0ef;usif
1/ (u) GED pmar;yGJtwGuf jyifqifrnfh
9/ ausmif;om;âusmif;oll
oifwef;udk avQmufxm;aom
10/ ausmif;om;âusmif;oll
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf GED
11/ ywf0ef;usif pmar;yGJudk ajzqdkEdkifjcif;&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/
12/ tuJjzwfppfaq;ol xdkausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf
13/ tuJjzwfppfaq;ol xdktaMumif;t&mudk ,ckxd avhvmzl;jcif;
14/ ywf0ef;usif r&Sdao;yg/
15/ tuJjzwfppfaq;ol (c) tjrefEIef;udkom ppfaq;NyD; oifwef;
wpfavQmuf oif,lxm;onfrsm;udk
(p) erlem tajzrsm; ... ppfaq;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;tm;vkH;wGif wlnDaom (*) tvkyfoabm rdefYcGef;ajymjcif;onf omref
pmar;yGJ^ywf0ef;usif tajctae&Sdygovm;/ pum;ajymjcif;ESifh rwlyg/ þqef;ppfrIonf
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ oif,lxm;
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIrsm;wGif
trSm;wpfpkHwpf&m yg^ryg ppfaq;NyD; jzpfygovm;/ onfrsm;udk ppfaq;xm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
(C) oifMum;xm;jcif;r&Sdaom acgif;pOfrsm;udk
∙ nTefMum;csufrsm;tm;vkH; &Sif;vif;NyD;
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; tm;vkH;u ppfaq;jcif;onf usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIr&Sdyg/
xdknTefMum;csufrsm;udk em;vnfygovm;/ oifMum;xm;onfh acgif;pOfrsm;udkom
xnfhoGif;ppfaq;oifhonf/
∙ trSwfppfolrsm;wGif trSwfay;&rnfh
taMumif;t&mESifh oufqdkifaom A[kokwESifh
wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm; &Sdygovm;/

2/ (u) GED pmar;yGJtwGuf jyifqif&ef ausmif;om;^ (i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ausmif;olrsm;onf owfrSwfxm;onfh
t*FvdyfbmomESifh ocsFmbmom wwfuRrf;rI ∙ oif½dk;rS ta&;BuD;aom acgif;pOfrsm;tm;vkH;udk
xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; &Sdygovm;/
tqifhwpfck&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ t*Fvdyf
bmomESifh ocsFmbmom ppfaq;rIonf ydkí ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIwGif ppfaq;rnf[k
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI &Sdvdrfhrnf/ rdrdpOf;pm;xm;onfrsm;udk ppfaq;xm;ygovm;/
(c) a&ul;oifwef;om;rsm; oifwef;wpfavQmuf
wGif oif,lxm;onfh wwfuRrf;rI 2. 4 vufawGUusjcif;? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&jcif;ESifh usdK;aMumif;
pGrf;&nfrsm;tm;vkH;udk o½kyfjy&rnfh qDavsmfrIwdkYudk aygif;pyfjcif;
tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIwpfck -
Oyrm - ta&SUul;? taemuful;? a&ikyfESifh
'dkifAifxdk;jcif;/ 1/ " ii " - ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; ya&m*suf
(*) usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdaom oif,lrI vkyfaqmifonfhtcg tusOf;csKyfjcif;? azmfjyjcif;ESifh
tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;wpfckonf okawoejyKjcif;wdkY rnfodkY vkyfaqmifaMumif;
oifMum;xm;onfh wwfuRrf;rI o½kyfjy&onf/
pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh acgif;pOfrsm;udkom tm½kHpdkuf 2/ " i " - tajzrSefa&G; ar;cGef;rsm;onf trSwfay;&
ppfaq;oifhonf/ vG,fulonf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&onf/ tajctaersm;
(C) pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ausmif;tm;vkH;ESifh udkvnf; xdef;csKyfEdkifaomaMumifh tm;vkH;twGuf
ppfaq;oifhonf/ ausmif;tm;vkH;wGif wlnDonf/
oifMum;xm;onfh acgif;pOfrsm;udkom 3/ " ii " - oif½dk;wpfckvkH;wGif oifMum;xm;aom
xnfhoGif;ppfaq;oifhonf/ acgif;pOfrsm;tm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKEdkifonfh ar;cGef;rsm;
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ... tajrmuftjrm; zefwD;&ef rvdktyfyg/
4/ " i " - tuJjzwfppfaq;&ef vG,fulonf/ " ii "
1/ (u) iii
- ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; tifwmAsL;ajz&ef
(c) ii
rnfrQvG,fulaMumif;ESifh tifwmeufqufoG,frI
(*) i tajctaetay: rlwnfí pDrHcefYcGJ&ef cufcJEdkifonf/
2/ (u) usdK;aMumif;rqDavsmfrI jyóem - " ii " onf tcsdefydkukefEdkifonf/
t*Fvdyfpm a0g[m&udk ppfaq;onf?
5/ " i " onf trSwfay;&mwGif ydkrdkvufawGUusonf/
cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif;rsm;\ tvkyfvkyfykHudk
ppfaq;jcif;r[kwfyg/ (*) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf; - cE¨mudk,f
(u) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ½kyfykHrsm;udk cE¨mudk,f
tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ tvkyfvkyfykH azmfjycsufrsm; 2/ " functionaries " ESifh " premises " a0g[m&rsm;
tjzpf ajymif;vJyg/ udk tajccHoifwef;wGif ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
(c) usdK;aMumif;rqDavsmfrIjyóem - t*Fvdyf rsm; oif,lcJhonfh a0g[m&wpfckckodkY
bmom\ tjcm;vu©PmoGifjyifrsm; ajymif;vJyg/
r[kwfbJ o'´gudkom ppfaq;onf/ (c) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf; - a0g[m&? pmzwfjcif; 2/ a&G;p&mrsm;wGif tajzrSef wpfckwnf;ygatmif
ESifh pma&;jcif;wdkYudk ppfaq;onfh tjcm; jyifa&;yg/
ar;cGef;rsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;yg/ (*) 1/ vufawGUusrI
(*) usdK;aMumif;rqDavsmfrI jyóem - 2/ ajzqdkolOD;a& enf;ygu xdkoif,lrI tuJjzwf
ud&d,mu j'yfxkudk wdkif;wmEdkifjcif;xuf qef;ppfjcif;udk 'kwd,tBudrftwGuf
zefwD;vdkufonfh ud&d,m\ tokH;jyKyg/ yxrtBudrftwGuf trSwfppf&ef
vSyrItay: trSwfay;xm;onf/ xdkYjyif ydkjrefrnfh qef;ppfrIwpfckudkokH;yg/
ay;xm;onfhykHwGif ausmif;om;rsm; (C) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
zefwD;&rnfh ud&d,mykHygaeonf/
2/ xdkqef;ppfrIonf vlrIavhvma&; bmom&yfudk
ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf; - ud&d,mu j'yfxkudk
ppfaq;jcif; r[kwfyg/ oif,lcJhjcif;&Sd^r&Sd
wdkif;wmEdkifpGrf;&Sdr&Sdudk trSwfay;Edkifatmif
raocsmaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
jyifyg/ ykHudk zsufyg/
132 acwfopfq&m
ywfoufonfh A[kokwudk ppfaq;jcif;om 3/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ pGrf;&nftqifhESifh qDavsmfrI
jzpfonf/ &Sdatmif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;udk
(i) 1/ vufawGUusrI jyifqif&ygrnf/ vG,fvGef;jcif;? cufvGef;jcif;
2/ 0efrsm;onfhtvkyfjzpfonf/ &SdNyD;jzpfaom wdkY &Sdaeygu ¤if;wdkYonf ausmif;om;rsm;\
pGrf;&nfudk aumif;pGmwdkif;wmEdkifonfh
IELTS avhusifha&; ppfaq;rIrsm;udk tokH;jyKyg/
&v'frsm;udk jyEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/
(tifwmeufay:wGif tcrJh IELTS avhusifhcef;
rsm;pGm&Sdonf) 4/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufwGifygaom
vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u
(p) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
rnfodkY vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfaMumif;
2/ þar;cGef;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ odem;vnf&ef vdktyfonf/ vkyfief;aqmifwm
ul;csEdkifpGrf;udkom ppfaq;onf/ pmaMumif;rsm; rsm;udk em;rvnfygu pmar;yGJudk em;rvnf
udk ajymif;vdkufrSom ausmif;om;âusmif;ol jzpfNyD; pmar;yGJonf ¤if;wdkY pGrf;&nfudk
rsm;u owif;tcsuftvufjznfh&ef rdrdwdkY\ aumif;pGm ppfaq;Edkifonfh usdK;aMumif;
t*Fvdyfpm A[kokwudk tokH;csEdkifrnf/ qDavsmfrI&Sdonfht&m jzpfEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/
(q) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
(i) erlem tajzrsm; -
2/ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajymif;yg/ odkYrSom ausmif;om;^
ausmif;olrsm;\ pDrHcefYcGJrIykHpHrsm;tay: 1/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom? oif,lNyD; tuJjzwf
em;vnfjcif; r[kwfbJ t*Fvdyfpm em;vnfjcif; qef;ppfjcif;? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sdaom? usdK;aMumif;
udk ppfaq;Edkifrnf/ ay;xm;aom pmom;tay: rqDavsmfaom? vufawGUusaom/
tajccHí ar;cGef;xkwfyg/ 2/ (u) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI pDpOfa&;qGJol
(Z) 1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcsrI rsm;ESifh trSwfppfolrsm;onf oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI? pDpOfa&;qGJrIESifh
2/ tifwmAsL; ppfaq;rnfholrsm;udk ppfaq;rI
ywfoufí oifwef;r&&Sdyg/ trSwfay;ykHvnf;
twGuf pHowfrSwfxm;aom trSwfay;Z,m;
rwlnDMuyg/
tokH;jyKenf; avhusifhay;yg/
(c) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI pDpOfa&;qGJolrsm;
(ps) 1/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
onf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;rI
2/ t*Fvdyfpm ppfaq;rIESifhwlonf/ o'´g odkYr[kwf rjyKvkyfaomaMumifh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif
pmvkH;aygif;twGuf trSwf &mcdkifEIef;udk rygonfrsm;udkyg ppfaq;onf/
avQmhcsNyD; odyÜHbmom&yfqdkif&m pHEIef;rsm;
(*) xdk&v'frsm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
ydkxnfhyg/ Oyrm okawoeawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk
udk tcsuftvufrsm; usufrSwfjcif;
pkHvifpGm wifjyjcif;/
twGufom oifMum;jcif;jzpfNyD; tqifhjrifh
(C) awG;ac:jcif; pGrf;&nfrsm;udk roifMum;yg/
1/ ausmif;om;rsm;u þtaMumif;udk rodbJ 3/ A[dkoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI pDpOfa&;qGJol
tppfaq;cH&ygu q&mtay: ,kHMunfrI rsm;ESifh oif½dk;nTef;wrf; a&;qGJolrsm;tMum;
aysmufqkH;Edkifonf/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom? yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifrI wdk;wufatmif
oif,lrItNyD; ppfaq;aom pmar;yGJrsm;twGuf jr§ifhwifay;yg/
ausmif;om;rsm;udk tuJjzwfppfaq;rnf ∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI pDpOfa&;qGJonfh
jzpfaMumif; BudKtaMumif;Mum;&rnf/ pmar;yGJ tydkif;rS tpdwftydkif;tcsdKUudk A[dkxdef;csKyfrI
twGuf avhvmjyifqifcsdef&atmif tcsdef avQmhcsyg/ q&m^q&mrrsm;udk oif,lrI
vkHavmufpGm csefívnf; taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk pDpOf
2/ roefpGrf;rI&Sdaom ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm; zefwD;ygap/ (xdkvkyfief;pOfrsm;onf
taeESifh oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;cH,l&m oif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif yg^ryg ppfaq;yg/)
wGif tusdK;qkH;½IH;rI r&Sd&avatmif tydkaqmif; ∙ tzGifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
taxmuftyHhrsm; vdktyfvdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ vkyfief;rsm; xnfhoGif;yg/ (Oyrm - pmpDpmukH;
ausmif;om;tcsdKUtaeESifh roefpGrf;rIaMumifh rsm;? cif;usif;wifjyrIrsm;? ya&m*sufrsm;
wpfyef;½IH;&jcif;&Sdaeygu tqdkyg tuJjzwf ponfjzifh)
qef;ppfjcif;onf ¤if;ausmif;om;\ ∙ ar;cGef;pDpOfa&;qGJolrsm;udk tajzrSefa&G;
pGrf;&nfudk usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfpGm tuJjzwf ar;cGef;rsm; wnfaqmufEdkif&ef
wdkif;wmEdkifonf[k rrnfyg/ avhusifhay;yg/

(p) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ta&;tzwf
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u rdrdwdkY\ oif,lrI
tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI jyKvkyfcH&rnfudk odygovm;/ '
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u rdrdwdkY\ oif,lrIrS
rnfonfh tydkif;rsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI q? w
jyKvkyfcH&rnfjzpfaMumif; odygovm;/ u? c? !?
*? C? i? p? q
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol tm;vkH;onf tuJjzwf
#? X? P? x? "
qef;ppfcsufudk ajzqdkEdkifonfh udk,fum,^ ½kyfydkif;
oefpGrf;rI &SdMuygovm;/ e
∙ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf Z? ps? n? ¡
ppfaq;cH&rnfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;twGuf odyÜH pD;yGm;a&;
oifhavsmfrSefuefonfhtqifh jzpfygovm;/
(rvG,fvGef;? rcufvGef;)
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; tm;vkH;onf oif,lrI
tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;wGif yg0ifonfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifh (C) erlem tajzrsm; ...
&if;ESD;NyD; jzpfygovm;/ 1/ (u) þppfaq;rI vkyfief;onf A[kokwydkif;qdkif&m
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk wdkif;wm&ef
tokH;0ifonf/
3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
(c) þppfaq;rI vkyfief;onf A[kokwydkif;
vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm; qdkif&m &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk wdkif;wm&ef
3.1 tuJjzwfqef;ppfenf; tokH;0ifonf/
(*) wuf<uvIyf&Sm;EdkifiHom;jzpfrjzpfudk
(u) erlem tajzrsm; ... ppfaq;jcif; r[kwfbJ cif;usif;wifjyjcif;
∙ pmpDpmukH; pGrf;&nfudkom tm½kHpdkufaomaMumifh
∙ ya&m*suf þppfaq;rI vkyfief;onf tenf;i,f
∙ tqdkif;refY usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIr&Sdyg/ odkYaomfvnf;
cif;usif;wifjyjcif; pGrf;&nfonf wwfuRrf;rI
∙ pmac:jcif;
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;\ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
∙ tifwmAsL; jzpfaomaMumifh tjynfht0usdK;aMumif;
(c) erlem tajzrsm; ... qDavsmfrI r&Sdjcif;awmh r[kwfyg/
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olOD;a& (C) þppfaq;rIvkyfief;onf wwfuRrf;rI
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;aomfvnf; t"du
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ touf
tm½kHpdkufrIrSm wuf<uvIyf&Sm;EdkifiHom;jzpfrI
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ tqifh
tydkif; jzpfaomaMumifh (*) xufydkí
∙ vufawGUusrIûsdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI^ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdonfh ppfaq;rI
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
vkyfief;jzpfonf/
∙ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
(i) þppfaq;rIvkyfief;onf pHwefzdk;qdkif&m
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ... &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk wdkif;wm&ef
1/ wDxGifzefwD;rI&Sd&Sd pOf;pm;vQif rnfonfhvkyfief;pOf tokH;0ifonf/
rqdk bmom&yfwdkif;twGuf oif,lrI tuJjzwf (p) þppfaq;rIvkyfief;onf A[kokwydkif;qdkif&m
qef;ppf&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk wdkif;wm&ef tenf;i,f
tokH;0ifonf/
134 acwfopfq&m
2/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif wuf<uvIyf&Sm;EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif; viii. tydwfar;cGef;rsm;
qdkif&m ya&m*sufrsm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? vlrsm; ix. tzGifhuGufvyfjznfh
odkYr[kwf yGJawmfrsm;taMumif; cif;usif;wifjyrI
wpfck/ xdkcif;usif;wifjyrIwGif wuf<uvIyf&Sm; (*) tajzrsm; ...
EdkifiHom;jzpfrIudk t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkjcif;? Oya't& i , ii
EdkifiHom;jzpfrIrS cGJjcm;&Sif;jyjcif;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf; iii , iv
onf xdkvlrsm; odkYr[kwf ya&m*sufrsm;rS rnfonfh vii, viii ix v, vi
tusdK;tjrwfrsm;&&SdaMumif; wifjycsufrsm;
yg0ifonf/ tydwf tzGihf
3.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;trsdK;tpm;rsm; (C) erlem tajzrsm; ...

1/ i. ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf EdkifiHrsm;?
NrdKUrsm;ESifh rsdK;EG,frsm;\ Oyrmrsm;udk
rSm;rSefa&maxG; trSefa&G; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a&;qGJ&jcif;u xyfxnfhí pm&if;jyKpk&onf/
ydkcufonf/ ar;cGef;rsm;rsm;ESifh tajzrsm;rsm; pOf;pm;
ii. ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf
a&;om;&jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ tufaq;^pmpDpmukH;
tcsdefjyrsOf;wGif jzpf&yfrsm; xyfxnfh&onf/
ar;cGef;rSmrl ar;cGef;wpfckwnf;? nTefMum;csuf
wpfckwnf;om a&;vdkuf½kHjzpfonf/ rSm;rSefa&maxG; iii. ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf aemufqufwGJ
trSefa&G; vkyfief;pOfrsm;u tajccH pOf;pm;awG;ac:jcif; vkyfief;taejzifh j'yfpifwpfck\ oGifjyif
vkyfief;pOfrsm;twGuf ydkoifhawmfonf? Oyrm rSwfrd vu©Pmrsm;udk &Sif;jy&onf/
od&Sdjcif;ESifh em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;wdkYjzpfonf/ iv. ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdtaMumif;
pmpDpmukH;u tqifhjrifh awG;ac:pOf;pm;jcif; ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdk&onf/
vkyfief;rsm;udk tm½kHpdkufonf? Oyrm tokH;cs? vii. Z,m;xJwGif tajzrSefrsm; xnfhray;ygESifh/
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm? a0zefokH;oyf? zefwD;wDxGifwdkYjzpfonf/
2/ v. tvif;rS tpmcsufjcif;tqifhrsm;udk a&;om;NyD;
rSm;rSefa&maxG; trSefa&G; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;tm; xdktqifhrsm;udk
trSwfjcpf&mwGif ausmif;om;tajzESifh owfrSwfxm;onfh
tpDtpOfwus pDygap/
tajzrSef wlrwl tvG,fwul vsifjrefpGm ppfEdkifonf/
pmpDpmukH;rsm;udk ppfaq;&mwGif trSwfay;Z,m;vdkonf/ vi. tajzrSefa&G;ykHpHwGif Oyrmtajzrsm; ay;xm;yg/
tcsdefydkukefonf/ ix. ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; rdrdwdkY\ tajzrsm;
wGif tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh t"dua0g[m&rsm;
(c) tajzrsm; ... ay;xm;yg/
1/ i. yx0Dbmom&yf
ii. ordkif;bmom&yf (jrefrmhordkif;) 3.3 tydwfvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm;
iii. odyÜH? "gwkaA'
iv. (t*Fvdyf) bmompum; (u) erlem tajzrsm; ...
v. odyÜH? ZD0aA' 1/ xdkvkyfief;pOfrsm;onf pDpOfa&;qGJ& cufcJNyD;
vi. EdkifiHa&;? EdkifiHom;ynma&; aumif;pGm pDpOfa&;qGJrI r&Sdygu ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
vii. (jyifopf) bmompum; r&Sdyg/
viii. ocsFm 2/ &nf&G,fxm;onfh wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;twGuf
ix. &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;? vlrIbmom&yfrsm;? txl;ojzifh tqifhjrifh awG;ac:rI pGrf;&nfrsm;udk
bmompum;? rD'D,mavhvma&;rsm; ppfaq;&ef usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sdonfh
2/ i. trsdK;tpm;cGJjcif; enf;vrf;wpfck r[kwfyg/
ii. tpDtpOfcsjcif; (c) tajzrsm; ...
iii. tajzrSefa&G;
3/ trSwfay;pnf;rsOf;t& at;cdkiftajztm;vkH;
iv. wGJpyfjcif;
rSm;onf/
v. pmpDpmuHk;
vi. tzGifhar;cGef;rsm; 4/ tuJjzwf vkyfief;pOfu uGufvyfjznfhjzpfaomfvnf;
a&;xm;ykHrSm tzGifh vkyfief;pOfjzpfaeNyD;
vii. tydwfuGufvyfjznfh

trSwfay;ykHrSm tydwf vkyfief;pOftjzpf (q) erlem tajzrsm; ...
trSwfjyefay;xm;onf/
1/ (u) i pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 4
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ii pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 6
1/ i. (c) iii pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 1
ii. (C) iv pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 2
iii. (u) v pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 3
iv. (*) (tjynfht0 tydwfr[kwfyg) (c) i pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 3 ESifh 5
2/ (u)? (c) ESifh (C) wdkYrSm vkH;0 tydwfjzpfonf/ ii pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 1
(*) onf wpdwfwydkif; tyGifhjzpfonf/ iii pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 3
3/ trSwfay;vrf;nTef iv pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 3
tajzrSefwpfckpDtwGuf wpfrSwfay;yg/ v pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 2 ESifh 3
(u) i. * 2/ xdkpnf;rsOf;rlabmifrsm;onf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIESifh
ii. u usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrItwGuf ta&;ygMuonf/
¤if;wdkYudk rvdkufemygu ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
(c) i. aqG;aEG;
onf taMumif;t&mudk odaevQifawmif tajzrSef
ii. ork'´&m ajzEdkifrnf r[kwfyg/ odkYr[kwf tajzrSefrsm;onfvnf;
iii. {&d,m trSwf&rnf r[kwfyg/
3/ (u) i a&G;cs,fp&mrsm;xJwGif tajzrSefwpfck
(*) i. yifv,f? a&? ork'´&m ygygap/
ii. jrpfrsm;? a&
ii tajzrSm; 2 ckudk z,fxkwfyg/
(C) i. rSef iii tajzrSefudk tajzrSm;ESifh twdkt&Snf
ii. rSm; wlygap/ Oyrm " lives " odkYr[kwf

iii. rSef tajzrSm;rsm;udk tajzrSefuJhodkY &Snf&Snf
a&;yg/
iv tajzrSm;rsm;udk ydkvufawGUusonfh
1/ tajztm;vkH;rSefaomaMumifh a&G;cs,fp&m r&Sdyg/ a0g[m&rsm;tjzpfajymif;yg/
2/ tajzrSefwpfckxJ&SdaMumif; aocsmygap/ tajzrSef Oyrm - clock, moment, now.
wpfckygatmif xnfhxm;yg/
v a&G;p&mtajzrsm;rS 3 ckudk tajzrSm;
(i) tajzrsm; ... tjzpfajymif;yg/
1/ (C) Oyrm - Monday, June, day.
2/ (c) (c) i tjiif;ESpfxyf jzpfaeonfrsm;udk
3/ (*) z,fxkwfyg/ tajzrSefwpfckxm;&Sdyg/

Oyrm -
4/ (u)
The ball is _____ the box.
(p) erlem tajzrsm; ... a. on
1/ pnf;rsOf;rlabmif 3 b. under
c. in
2/ pmydk'fwGif ay;xm;onfESifh rwlap&ef ar;cGef;rsm;udk
d. behind
pmjyefpDyg/ xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh pmom;udk rSwfrd½kH
r[kwfbJ em;vnfrI&Sd^r&Sdudk ppfaq;onf/ Oyrm - ii tajzrSm;rsm;udk wdkatmifa&;yg
A1. Kyi Kyi’s apartment is _____. odkYr[kwf tajzrSefudk &Snfatmifa&;yg/
A2. She likes studying _____. iii a&G;p&m tajzrsm;wGif toD;udk
B1. Kyi Kyi’s 12. [if;oD;[if;&Guf wpfckajymif;yg/
B2. In her free time, she enjoys football. iv tajzrSefrsm; (carefully, slowly) xJrS
B3. She does not want a pen pal. wpfckudk tajzrSm;tjzpf ajymif;vJyg/
136 acwfopfq&m
v All of these udk none of these [k (rnfonfhtajzu 3? 2? 1 rSwf &rnf
ajymif;a&;yg/ odkYwnf;r[kwf tajzrSef jzpfNyD;? rnfonfhtajzu ]NyD;jynfhpkH} onfh
wpfckwnf;ygonfh vufawGUqef tajzjzpfaMumif; tajzOyrmay; &Sif;jyxm;
eD;pyfaom tajzpm&if;wpfck xyfa&;yg/ onfh trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck jyKvkyfEdkifonf/)
(p) tajzrsm; ...
3.4 tzGifhvkyfief; trsdK;tpm;rsm; 1/ (u) 5 ^8
(c) 12 ^20
1/ pHowfrSwfcsufonf rdom;pk pum;vkH;rsm;udk (*) 14 ^20
rSefuefpGm pmvkH;aygif;Edkifjcif; jzpfEdkifonf/ 2/ (*) tao;pdwf trSwfay;Z,m;? wkHYjyeftBuHjyKcsuf
tEkynmydkifqdkif;&m pHowfrSwfcsuftjzpf pkHvifpGmay;Edkif/
ykHaumif;aumif;qGJjcif;? ta&miftokH;jyKrI odkYr[kwf
pdwf0ifpm;zG,f yef;csDykHpHwdkYudk owfrSwfEdkifonf/ (q) tajzrsm; ...
2/ em;axmifjcif;? apmifhMunfhavhvm tuJjzwfjcif;wdkY 1/ *
jyKvkyfí o½kyfjyol\ wdusrIESifh ykHpHudk ppfaq;Edkif 2/ u
onf/
3/ c
(*) tajzrsm; ... 4/ p
3/ tajztm;vkH;rSefonf/ 5/ C
(C) erlem tajzrsm; ... 6/ i
1/ rdcsef;onf tajztm;vkH; ajzxm;aMumif; (ps) tajzrsm; ...
todtrSwfjyK&rnf/ ar;cGef; eHygwf (i) wGif 1/ u
oufOD;qHydkifpepfESifh bk&m;ausmif;rsm; tkyfcsKyfaom 2/ *
EdkifiHa&;pepf\ Oyrmrsm;udk ajzqdkxm;NyD;
3/ c
ar;cGef;eHygwf (ii) wGif ¤if;wdkY\ aumif;usdK;rsm;ESifh
qdk;usdK;rsm;udk ajzqdkxm;onf/ ausmfaZmonf 4/ C
Oyrmrsm;? aumif;usdK;ESifh qdk;usdK;rsm;udk
(n) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ajzqdkxm;jcif; r&SdaomaMumifh trSwfenf;í
&oifhonf/ tajzrsm;tm;vkH;onf &v'fudk rdrd rnfrQ tao;pdwf
3/ (u) ESpfa,mufESifh ESpfa,mufxufydkaom vdkcsifonfhykHpHtay: rlwnfonf/ pHowfrSwfcsuf?
trSwfay;olrsm;u tvGefwlaom &Sif;vif;a zmfjycsufrsm;ESifh tqifhrsm; rsm;avav? trSwf
tajzrsm;twGuf trSwfudk tvGefuGJjym;pGm ay;&ef tcsdef,lavavjzpfrnf/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhavav
ay;xm;vQif xdkoif,lrI tuJjzwf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI tao;pdwfjzpf&ef ta&;BuD;
qef;ppfrIonf ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rnf r[kwfyg/ avavjzpfonf/
(c) þvkyfief;rsm;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom (X) erlem tajzrsm; ...
trSwfay;vrf;nTefcsufrsm; vdktyfonf/ 1/ tm;enf;csuf ppfaq;aom? tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom?
Oyrm - ,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom? vufawGUrusaom/
i oufOD;qHydkifpepfESifh bk&m;ausmif;rsm; 2/ (u) ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\
tkyfcsKyfaom EdkifiHa&;pepftMum; &rSwfrsm;tay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonfh tuJjzwf
jcm;em;csufrsm;udk wduspGm &Sif;jyNyD; pepf qef;ppfrI tajctaersm;onf EdkifiHwdkif;wGif
wpfckpDudk OyrmESifhwuG ajzqdkygu rwlnDEdkifyg/
4 rSwfay;yg/ (c) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIonf
ii rif;rJhpepf\ oGifjyifvu©Pm&yfrsm; ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ yxrbmom
pm&if;wpfckESifh xdkpepf\ aumif;usdK;ESifh pum; r[kwfygu ppfaq;rIrsm;udk
qdk;usdK;rsm;udk ajzqdkxm;ygu em;vnfEdkifrnf r[kwfay/ ausmif;om;^
4 rSwfay;yg/ ausmif;olrsm;onf uGefysLwmESifh

r&if;ESD;ygu usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI 4/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf ar;cGef;rsm;
rlabmifudk azmufzsufonfh qef;ppfrI
jzpfonf/ zefwD;jcif;
(*) ajzqdkolOD;a&rsm;vQif tzGifhppfaq;rI 4.1 ya&m*sufrsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;
vkyfief;rsm;udk trSwfay;&onfrSm tvGef
cufcJonf/ trSwfay;ol tajrmuftjrm; (c) erlem tajzrsm; ...
xm;&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD; avhusifhay;&efvnf; 1/ t*Fvdyf bmom&yf - u? c? i? p? q? Z? ps
vdktyfonf/
∙ ordkif; bmom&yf - u? c? i? p? q? Z? ps
3/ cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm? yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif^tzGJUvdkuftvkyf?
y#dyu©rsm; pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? acgif;aqmifrI? ∙ &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI bmom&yf - u? c? *? C?
qkH;jzwfcsufcsjcif; ponfjzifh/ i? p? q? Z? ps
4/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; aeYpOfb0wGif ∙ tEkynm bmom&yf - c? C? i? p? q? Z? ps
vkyfaqmif&onfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifhwlonf/ ∙ odyÜH bmom&yf - u? c? *? i? p? q? Z? ps
tpdk;&ausmif;ynma&; NyD;qkH;NyD; rnfonfh (*) erlem tajzrsm; ...
tvkyftrsdK;tpm; odkYr[kwf rnfonfh b0yif
&Sdapumrl vufawGUb0wGif tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh 1/ u - tusdK;qdkifrIjrifh? c - tusdK;qdkifrIedrfh/
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&Sdrnfjzpfonf/ 2/ u - oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;?
c - oif,lpOf tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;?
(¡) erlem tajzrsm; ... 3/ tzGifh oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;/
1/ aumif;usdK; - txl;ojzifh trSwfay;ol 4/ (u) wdusaom nTefMum;csufrsm;/
wpfa,mufxufydkygu trSwfay;jcif;udk ydkí tqdkjyKcsuftwGuf trSwfay;Z,m;/
,kHMunfpdwfcsrI&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifyg/ trSwfay;
aemufqkH; ya&m*suf tpD&ifcHpmtwGuf
Z,m;rsm;onf trSwfay;olrsm;udk wlnDonfh
pHowfrSwfcsufESifh tqifhtwdkif; wlnDpGm trSwfay; trSwfay;Z,m;/
Edkif&ef tultnDay;onf/ cif;usif;wifjyrItwGuf trSwfay;Z,m;/
qdk;usdK; - trSwfay;Z,m;rsm;udk pDpOfa&;qGJ&ef (q&m^q&mru txufygtcsufawG
tcsdef,l&NyD; trSwfay;&mwGif ydkí tcsdef,l&onf/ tm;vkH;udk tvkyfoabmt& ykHpHwus
2/ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkokH;í trSwfay;Z,m; rppfaq;&ef qkH;jzwfvQif trSwfay;Z,m;
pDpOfa&;qGJEdkifonf/ xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh tenf;i,fom vdktyfrnf/ tzGJUvdkuf
ppfaq;&rnfh oif,lrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI vkyfaqmifrI pGrf;&nfrsm;udkvnf; tuJjzwf
jyKvkyfaMumif; aocsmaponf/ ppfaq;Edkifonf/ xdkpGrf;&nfudk ppfaq;
3/ q&m^q&mru ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk vdkvQif xdkppfaq;rItwGuf tjcm;trSwfay;
pHowfrSwfcsuf? &Sif;vif;azmfjycsufrsm;udk Z,m;wpfck xyfí vdktyfvdrfhrnf)
ajymjyEdkifNyD; ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ (c) jyZmwfrsm;twGuf trSwfay;Z,m;/
pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh EIdif;,SOfjyEdkifonf/ (C) erlem tajzrsm; ...
odkYrSom ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf
xdkpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twdkif; rdrdwdkY\ 1/ vlxkpum;ajympGrf;&nf? pum;&nfvkjcif;pGrf;&nf
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; wdk;wufatmif jyifqifEdkifrnf 2/ (u) rdwfqufryg? ed*kH;ryg? tawG;tac:
jzpfonf/ trsm;pku acgif;pOfeJY roufqdkif/
(c) rdwfquftm;aumif;? ed*kH;tm;aumif;?
tawG;tac:tm;vkH;u acgif;pOfeJY qufpyf/
(*) usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIESifh taMumif;t&m
cdkifvkHrI&Sd? t"du owif;pum;udk y&dowf
em;vnfvG,f/
(C) tvGefusdK;aMumif; qDavsmfNyD; taMumif;t&m
cdkifvkHrI &Sd? t"duowif;pum;udk y&dowf
,kHMunfrI&SdoGm;/
138 acwfopfq&m
(i) toHxGufraumif;? o'´gu½IyfaxG;? (c) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ajc[efvuf[ef tenf;i,fyg? y&dowfudk
1/ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol tkyfpkwpfpkonf tzGJUvdkuf
rMunfh/
ya&m*suf vkyfaqmifaeMuonf/ - trsm;ydkif
(p) toHxGuf yvkH;yaxG;jzpf? o'´gtrSm; O,smOfwpfck jyifqifjcif;ESifh zefwD;jcif;/
enf;enf;&Sd? ajc[efvuf[eftcsdKUyg?
2/ pDpOfjcif;? tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrI? cif;usif;wifjyrI?
y&dowfudkMunfh/
ukefusp&dwf wGufcsufa&;qGJjcif;/
3/ pmpDpmukH;rsm;? tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? ykHjyif
ZmwfaMumif;rsm; - u? *? C? p? Z (*) erlem tajzrsm; ...
∙ jyZmwfrsm; - u? c? *? i? p? q 1/ tzGJUvdkuftaeESifh wpfckckudk pDpOfjyifqifjcif;
∙ vlYtzGJUtpnf;qdkif&m ya&m*sufrsm; - odkYr[kwf zefwD;jcif;/
*? i? p? q 2/ jzpfpOf - yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI/
∙ cif;usif;wifjyrIrsm; - u? c? *? C? i? p? q? Z &v'f - 'DZdkif;ykHpH? &Sif;vif;wifjycsuf/
4/ rSefuefrI? jrifaxmufulrsm; tokH;jyKrI? yrmP 3/ wpfOD;csif; - yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;? BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI/
wpfzGJUvkH; - 'DZdkif;ykHpH? &Sif;vif;wifjycsuf/
(p) tajzrsm; ...
4/ pHowfrSwfcsufwpf0ufonf wpfOD;csif;
1/ ya&m*sufrsm;onf tqifhjrifhawG;ac:jcif;rsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIESifh usefwpf0ufonf tzGJUvdkuf
xdawGUrI&Sdaponf/ ausmifom;âusmif;olrsm;onf vkyfaqmifrI pHowfrSwfcsufwpfckpDtwGuf &mcdkifEIef;
rdrdwdkY oif,l&&SdcJhonfh A[kokwESifh wwfuRrf;rI owfrSwfygu wpfOD;csif;twGufa&m tzGJUvdkuf
pGrf;&nfrsm;udk jyefvnftokH;cs&ef vdktyfNyD; twGufyg trSwfrsm;rsm;&vdrfhrnf/
A[kokwESifh wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;udk
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm&efESifh a0zefokH;oyfwwf&efvnf; (C) erlem tajzrsm; ...
vdktyfonf/ ya&m*suf vkyfaqmif&mwGif 1/ jzpfpOfESifh wpfOD;csif;vkyfaqmifrI
tzGJUvdkufvkyfief;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm; pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk tuJjzwfqef;ppf&ef tuJjzwf
vdktyfNyD; vufawGUurÇmxJrS tajctaersm;udkyg ppfaq;olonf tzGJUvdkufvkyfief; vkyfaqmifaeykHudk
jyefvnfokH;oyfrdaponf/ teD;uyf apmifhMunfhavhvmokH;oyf&ef vdktyfonf/
2/ q&m^q&mrrsm;onf ya&m*sufudk rnfodkY odkYr[kwf xdkvkyfaqmifrIudk wdkif;wm&ef
NyD;qkH;atmif vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdxm;yg/
ya&m*sufatmifjrifpGm NyD;qkH;&ef rnfonfwdkYudk 2/ trSwfay;oltrsdK;rsdK;onf trSwfay;ykHwlnDrnf
jznfhqnf;aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfaMumif; r[kwfyg/ tzGJU0ifwpfa,muf? ESpfa,mufaMumifh
owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; nTefMum;csuf tcsdKUtzGJUrsm;u vkyfief;wpfckvkH;udk NcHKikHí
tao;pdwfudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ &rSwfenf;Edkifonf/
q&m^q&mrrsm;taejzifh ya&m*sufudk trSwfay;&ef 3/ oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;onf
enf;vrf;rsm; tqifoifh&Sdxm;&rnfjzpfNyD; ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk yl;aygif;yg0if&ef?
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk tokH;0ifonfh xifjrif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIjyK&ef? 'DZdkif;aumif;wpfck&Sd&efESifh
okH;oyfcsufrsm; ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ tokH;0ifaom &Sif;vif;csufrsm; yg0if&ef
arQmfvifhxm;aMumif; azmfjyxm;ygu ¤if;onf
4.2 tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI
(u) erlem tajzrsm; ... wpfckjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u
xdkpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk tm½kHpdkuf&rnfjzpfaMumif;
1/ tzGJUvdkuf ya&m*suf odkYr[kwf cif;usif;wifjyjcif; rodygu usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI enf;rnfjzpfonf/
uJhodkYaom tzGJUvdkuf vkyfaqmif&onfh
vkyfief;wpfckudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfonfhtcg/ (i) tajzrsm; ...
2/ tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vkH;onf vkyfief;wGif nDwlnDrQ 1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
yg0ifvkyfaqmifaeaMumif; aocsmygap/ odkYr[kwf 2/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
wpfOD;csif;pD\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk ppfaq;onfh 3/ vufawGUusrI
pHowfrSwfcsufudk xnfhoGif;yg/

4.3 yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;ESifh vkyfaqmifonf/ rdrdwdkY\ tzGJU0ifrsm;udk
jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif; vspfvsLr½Iyg/ tcsif;csif;ESifh q&m^q&mrudkyg
ulnDMuonf/
(u) erlem tajzrsm; ... pdwfaeoabmxm; - ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
q&m^q&mrrsm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk rsm;onf twef;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk vdkufemonf/
twef;csdeftwGif; apmifhMunfhavhvmNyD; trSwfay;Z,m; tcsif;csif;? q&m^q&mrESifh pum;ajymvQif
wpfck odkYr[kwf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;twdkif; ,Ofaus;onfh pum;tokH;tEIef;udk okH;onf/
trSwfay;Edkifonf/ topftopfrsm;udk pl;prf;vdkMuonf/
(c) erlem tajzrsm; ... (i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
1/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIonf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; 1/ q&m^q&mrESifh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
rnfrQ oif,l&&SdrItay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/ ,kHMunfrIwnfaqmufNyD;jzpfonfh pmoifcef;rsm;wGif
aumif;pGm yl;aygif;yg0ifrI r&Sdygu? rsm;rsm;oif,l rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI jyKvkyf&ef
&&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwf tqifajyvdrfhrnf/ ,kHMunfrI&SdrSom
qef;ppfjcif;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; rdrdudk,fudk,f
yl;aygif;yg0ifvdkpdwfudk wdk;yGm;vm&ef vIHYaqmfay; ½dk;om;pGm tuJjzwfokH;oyfvdrfhrnf/
onf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf toufi,fonfh uav;rsm;xuf t&G,fa&mufNyD;
rnfonfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk tm½Hk ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;ESifh ydktqifajyvdrfhrnf/
pl;pdkufrIESifh vIHYaqmfrIay;&ef q&m^q&mrrsm;udk 2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf ½dk;om;rIr&SdbJ
owfrSwf&mwGif ulnDay;onf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk rdrdudk,fudk,f trSwfjynfhay;rnfjzpfonf/
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;ol ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdudk,fudk,f
rsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ twef;wGif; trltusifhrsm;tay: tuJjzwfokH;oyf&mwGif oufaomifhoufom
wm0efcHrI&Sdaponf/ rjzpfonfh cHpm;csuf odkYr[kwf &Sufonfh
2/ wpfaeYwmtwGuf odkYr[kwf wpfywfpmtwGuf cHpm;csufrsdK; jzpfay:Edkifonf/
trSwftenf;i,fom &aomaMumifh yl;aygif; 3/ q&m^q&mrwGif tvkyfenf;oGm;onf/
yg0ifrIonf tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhonfh qef;ppfrI[k ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;u rdrdwdkY\
owfrSwfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ausmif;om;^ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk jyefvnfokH;oyfEdkifNyD;
ausmif;olrsm;onf aumif;rGefonfh odkYr[kwf rdrdudk,fudk,f wdk;wufvdkpdwf jzpfay:apEdkifonf/
qdk;&Gm;onfh yl;aygif;yg0ifrIrsdK; jyKvkyfcJhygu
aemufqkH;yl;aygif;yg0ifrI trSwfonf ausmif;om;^ (Z) erlem tajzrsm; ...
ausmif;olrsm;\ tqifhtay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/ 1/ at;rGefESifh pum;ajymNyD; rdrd\oif,lrI tuJjzwf
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ... qef;ppfrIudk olESifh EIdif;,SOfapyg/ xdkrSom
oltb,faMumifh trSwfrsm;rsm;&oifhonfudk
1/ (u) twef;wufa&mufrI em;vnfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
(c) pdwfaeoabmxm; 2/ crfbJonf rdrdudk,fudk,f trSwfenf;íay;cJhonf/
(*) BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI rdrdrodEdkifonfh taMumif;t&if; &SdEdkifaomaMumifh
(C) yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifrI xdktaMumif;t&if;udk em;vnf&ef crfbJESifh
2/ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI - ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; pum;ajymyg/
onf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk vdkufemonf/ 3/ aemufvmrnfh pmoifcsdefrsm;wGif pmzwfjcif;
cGifhjyKxm;onfh tcsdeftwdkif; vkyfaqmifonf/ AsL[mrsm;udk jyefvSefokH;oyfrnfh tcsdefygap&ef
rdrdwdkYwGif tcuftcJ&SdvQif odkYr[kwf jyifqifyg/
raocsmvQifvnf; BudK;pm;onf/ 4/ jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif; vkyfief;rsm;onf
twef;wufa&mufrI - ausmif;om;âusmif;ol bmompum;udk r[kwfbJ t"dyÜg,fudk
rsm;onf twef;udk tcsdefrDa&mufonf/ tm½kHpdkufoifhonf/ jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif;\
twef;ysufrnfqdkvQif q&m^q&mrudk &nf&G,fcsufrSm rdrd\ oif,lolrsm; rdrdwdkY
today;onf/ oif,lxm;onfrsm;udk pOf;pm;Edkif&efjzpfonf/
yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifrI - ausmif;om;âusmif;ol ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\
rsm;onf nTefMum;onfhtwdkif; twlwl pmvkH;aygif;ESifh o'´grSefuefrIudkom pdk;&drfrI&Sdygu
140 acwfopfq&m
rdrdwdkY\ tawG;tac:rsm;ESifh tjrifrsm;udk ydkvG,faom ar;cGef;rsm;udk t&ifajzqdk&efESifh
a&;om;Edkifrnf r[kwfyg/ tzGifhar;cGef;? ar;cGef;&Snfrsm;udk aemufrS ajzqdk&ef
5/ olBudK;pm;onfudk odygu BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrItwGuf tpDtpOfcsyg/
trSwfrsm;rsm;ay;yg/ twef;wGif;vkyfaqmifrIrsm;ESifh 3/ oif,lrI ppfaq;onfhenf;vrf;udk ajymif;yg/
tdrfpm tajzrSefrsm;twGuf trSwfppfrSom atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;onfh aemufqkH;
trSwfavQmhyg/ rdrd\ oif,lolrsm;onf BudK;pm; pmar;yGJonf oifwef;wpfckvkH;rS oif½dk;yg
tm;xkwfaomfvnf; tajzrSefr&ygu rdrdoifMum;ae taMumif;t&mrsm; ryg0ifygu xdkppfaq;rIonf
onfh awG;ac:,lqcsuf? oifMum;a&;ypönf;rsm;ESifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI r&Sdyg/ oifwef;wpfckvkH;rS
oifMum;a&; enf;vrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;oyfyg/ oif½dk;yg taMumif;t&mrsm;udk vTrf;NcHKppfaq;onfh
ydkrdkus,fjyefYaom ar;cGef;rsm; a&G;cs,fyg odkYr[kwf
4.4 pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;jyKpkjcif; ar;cGef;rsm; zefwD;yg/
(c) erlem tajzrsm; ... (C) tajzrsm; ...

1/ tm;ray;yg - tzGifhvkyfief;rsm;ESifh tydwfvkyfief; 1/ u? C odkYr[kwf i
rsm; ESpfrsdK;vkH;wGif rSef;q&onfrsm; rsm;pGm 2/ c
yg0ifonf/ 3/ *
2/ oif,lrI ppfaq;jcif;enf;vrf; 'DZdkif;rsm;tay: 4/ u? C odkYr[kwf i
rlwnfonf/ 5/ u? c odkYr[kwf *
3/ bmom&yf? oif,lrI ppfaq;jcif; enf;vrf;'DZdkif;ESifh
oif,lolrsm;\ pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIwdkYtay: rlwnf (i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
onf/ tcsdKUoif,lolrsm;u tydwfvkyfief;pOfrsm; 2/ B - oifhavsmfonfh ed'gef;ESifh ed*kH; pmaMumif;rsm;
ajzqdk&mwGif awmfNyD; tcsdKUonf pmpDpmukH; a&;om;yg/
a&;&mwGif awmfMuonf/
C - wdusonfh o'´gESifh a0g[m&udk okH;í udk,fa&;
4/ (u) twef;rpcif ausmif;om;ôlrsm; od&Sd&ef tcsuftvufrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
vdktyfonfh wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh 3/ i - B ii - A iii - C
taMumif;t&m/
(*) oifcef;pmrsm;wGif ausmif;om;âusmif;ol (q) erlem tajzrsm; ...
rsm; oif,lNyD;pD;xm;onfh wwfuRrf;rI 1/ tydwfrS tzGifhvkyfief;pOfodkY pDpOfjcif;onf
pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh taMumif;t&m/ toHk;rsm;onfh enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfonf/ c? C? i?
(*) oifwef;wpfckvkH;wGif ausmif;om;^ u? *
ausmif;olrsm; oif,lNyD;pD;xm;onfh 3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI enf;vrf;rsm;udk
wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh taMumif;t&m/ pDpOfa&;om;&mwGif oif½dk;nTef;wrf;?
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ... bmom&yfoif½dk;ESifh oif,lrI &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udkyg
Munfhyg/ ppfaq;rIvkyfief;pOf wpfckpDwdkif;onf
1/ oif,lrI ppfaq;onfhenf;vrf;udk ajymif;yg/ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;yg A[kokwrsm;ESifh wwfuRrf;rI
a&G;cs,fp&m tcsufta&twGufudk avQmhcsyg/ pGrf;&nfrsm;udk ppfaq;aMumif; aocsmygap/
a&G;cs,fp&m pmpDpmukH; 8 yk'fonf rsm;vGef;onf/
2 yk'f odkYr[kwf 3 yk'fqdkvQif ydkoifhawmfrnf/ (n) erlem tajzrsm; ...
a&G;cs,fp&mrsm;vQif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm; 1/ tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;
onf rnfonfudk a&G;cs,f&rnfudk qkH;jzwf&ef ∙ tqifhjrifhawG;ac:jcif; pGrf;&nfrsm;udk
pmzwfae&onfESifh tcsdefukefoGm;Edkifonf/ ppfaq;&eftwGuf aumif;onf/
2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk tBuHay;yg/ ∙ vkyfief;wpfrsdK;xJwGif taMumif;t&mrsdK;pkH
pajzvQif ar;cGef;&Snfrsm;/ cufcJaom ar;cGef;rsm;udk xnfhoGif; ppfaq;Edkifonf/
csefcJhyg/ ydkvG,faom ar;cGef;rsm;udk t&ifajzqdkyg/
tajzrodvQif xdkar;cGef;udk ausmfvdkufyg? ∙ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;\ A[kokw?
wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh tawG;tac:rsm;ESifh
tcsdefrjzKef;ygESifh/ tcsdef&vQif xdkar;cGef;udk
ywfoufNyD; tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;udk
jyefajzEdkifonf/ tydwfar;cGef;? ar;cGef;wdk odkYr[kwf
ppfaq;&&SdEdkifonf/

qdk;usdK;rsm; bPfxJrxnfhrD pDeD,mq&m^q&mrrsm;ESifh
∙ trSwfay;&ef tcsdeftajrmuftjrm;,l&onf/ q&m^q&mrenf;jyrsm;u ar;cGef;tm;vkH;udk
ppfaq;aomaMumifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI
∙ txl;ojzifh trSwfay;ol wpfa,mufxufydkvQif
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI r&SdEdkifyg/ vnf; jrifhwufvmrnf/ xdkYtjyif oif½dk;
nTef;wrf;udk rGrf;rHonfhtcg q&m^q&mr
∙ &Sif;vif;onfh pHowfrSwfcsufESifh trSwfZ,m; rsm;u ar;cGef;rsm; xyfydkYaomaMumifh
wpfck odkYr[kwf trSwfay;vrf;nTefwpfck
ar;cGefbPfonfvnf; rGrf;rHNyD;?
vdktyfonf/
ydkaumif;atmif jyKvkyfNyD;jzpfonf/
2/ odoifhygw,f/ odkYrSom ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
(*) wlnDonfh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;wpfckxJay:
rsm;onf ppfaq;rI\ rnfonfhtydkif;wGif tcsdef,l
tajccHí pmar;yGJrsm; ppf&onfhtcg
&rnfESifh rnfonfh tajztrsdK;tpm;rsm;tay: ar;cGef;bPfonf tokH;0ifonf/ txl;ojzifh
tm½kHpdkuf&rnfudk odrnfjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;^ ausmif;rsm;pGmESifh pHowfrSwfxm;onfh
ausmif;olrsm;onf trSwfay; pHowfrSwfcsufudk pepfwpfcktwGif;jzpfvQif ydkí
rodygu rSm;,Gif;onfh tydkif;rsm;udk tm½kHpdkufrd tokH;0ifEdkifonf/
Edkifonf/ Oyrm - tawG;tac:rsm;udk azmfjyjcif;
xuf o'´gESifh pmvkH;aygif;udk tm½kHpdkufrdjcif;
jzpfEdkifonf/ 5/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepfrsm;
3/ trSwfay;pHowfrSwfcsufudk ausmif;om; 5.1 pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rsm;
ausmif;olrsm;tm; ajymjyyg/
∙ tajzaumif;rsm;udk erlemay;jcif; (ppfaq;rIwGif (*) tajzrsm; ...
xnfhoGif;ar;jref;rnfh ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf 1/ (c)
r[kwfbJ ykHpHwlar;cGef;rsm;twGufom)
2/ (*)
∙ ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;udk tprf;ajzqdk 3/ (u)
apjcif;/
(#) erlem tajzrsm; ... (C) tajzrsm; ...
1/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhaom? oif,lNyD; 1/ rSef
tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;? ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jcif;? 2/ rSef
vufawGUusjcif;/ 3/ rSm; - rSwfwrf;rsm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
2/ (u) tawGUtBuHKenf;onfh q&m^q&mr rsm;\ vkyfief;erlemrsm;jzpfonf/
rsm;u trSm;ygonfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk pDpOfa&;om; 4/ rSef
xm;aomaMumifh ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIenf;onf/
5/ rSef
ausmif;rsm;Mum;&Sd tuGmta0;rsm;ESifh
qufoG,fa&; qufqHa&; tcuftcJrsm; 6/ rSef
aMumifh vufawGUusrIenf;onf/ q&m^q&mr (i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
topfrsm;onf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh
oif½dk;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk 1/ rSwfwrf;jzpfonf/ ¤if;u &mcdkifEIef;tjrifhqkH;
rodaomaMumifh usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIenf;EdkifNyD; jzpfonf/
oifcef;pm &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh roufqdkifonfh 2/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY
ar;cGef;rsm;ygEdkifonf/ zwfxm;onfrsm;udk rSwfom;aom ykHpHum;csyf
(c) pmar;yGJar;cGef;bPf &Sdjcif;onf wpfckudk eH&HwGif uyfEdkifonf odkYr[kwf rdrdwdkY
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI ydkrdk wdk;wufaponf/ zwfxm;onfrsm;udk aeYpOfrSwfwrf; odkYr[kwf
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf q&m^q&mrrsm;u tGefvdkif;zdkifay:wGif pm&if;jyKpkEdkifonf/
ar;cGef;a&;om;jcif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; 3/ pmtkyftnTef;rsm;ESifh pmpDpmukH;twGuf trSwfay;
avhusifhrGrf;rHjcif; &EdkifaomaMumifhyif vrf;nTefrsm; odkYr[kwf trSwfay; pnf;rsOf;rsm;/
jzpfonf/ pmoifESpfwdkif; pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;rsm; ∙ pmzwfnTef;ykHpH/
xkwfp&mrvdkbJ a&G;cs,fp&m ar;cGef;rsm;
∙ tBuHjyKxm;onfh zwfp&m pm&if;/
rsm;pGm&Sdjcif;aMumifh vufawGUusrIvnf;
jrifhwufvmrnf/ xdkar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;cGef; ∙ pmtkyftzkH;'DZdkif;twGuf pHowfrSwfcsuf/
142 acwfopfq&m
4/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;tm;vkH;onf rdrd\ 5.2 oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;pepf tpdwftydkif;rsm;\
rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif tydkif;tm;vkH;xnfhoGif; ta&;ygrIudk EIdif;,SOfowfrSwfjcif;
xm;aMumif; aocsmygap/
∙ ausmif;om;âusmif;oltcsdKUonf pmtkyftwdk (u) erlem tajzrsm; ...
rsm; odkYr[kwf aqmif;yg;wdkrsm;udkzwfrnf udef;*Pef;tm;jzifh trSwfrnfrQyifay;onfjzpfap?
tcsdKUu aqmif;yg;t&Snfudk zwfrnf/ rnfonfh ppfaq;cH tpdwftydkif;u rnfrQ
∙ tvkyfBudK;pm;aom? xl;cRefaom ausmif;om;^ ta&;ygaMumif; cGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkif&eftwGuf &mcdkifEIef;
ausmif;olrsm;onf rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwf rsm; tokH;jyKvsuf trSwfay;Edkifygonf/ Oyrm -
okH;oyf&mwGif trSwfenf;enf;ay;NyD;? trSwf 100 wef pmpDpmukH;onf aemufqkH;pmar;yGJ
ysif;&daom ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf trSwfaygif;\ 5% om jzpfEdkifonf/
rdrdudk,fudk,f trSwfrsm;rsm;ay;rnfjzpfonf/
(c) tajzrsm; ...
5/ ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\
rSwfwrf;wGif xnfhoGif;&ef owfrSwfcsufrsm;udk 1/ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI = [(6 ÷ 10) x 0.05] x 100 = 3
odaMumif; aocsmygap/ 2/ rSwfwrf; = [(18 ÷ 20) x 0.5] x 100 = 45
∙ pmtvkHtavmuf zwfxm;onf[k rxifonfh 3/ wdk;wufrI ppfaq;jcif; = (205 ÷ 250) x 0.2 x
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk pum;ajymyg/ 100 = 16.4
tBuHjyKxm;onfh zwfp&mpm&if;wGif rdrdzwfap
(*) erlem tajzrsm; ...
vdkonfh pmtkyftrsdK;tpmrsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm;udk
&Sif;jyyg/ 1/ oif,lNyD; tuJjzwfokH;oyfjcif;
∙ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI ½dk;om;pGm 2/ ppfaq;cHtpdwftydkif;rsm; tm;vkH;wGif pOfqufrjywf
jyKvkyfykHudk pmoifESpf tpuwnf;u tuJjzwf okH;oyfjcif;tydkif;onf &mcdkifEIef;trsm;qkH;
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk &Sif;jyyg/ ay;xm;aomtydkif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;udk
qef;ppfrItydkif;rsm;pGm cGJxm;onf/ pmar;yGJonf
(p) erlem tajzrsm; ... aemufqkH;trSwfaygif;\ 20% jzpfaomaMumifh
1/ aumif;usdK;rsm; - ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf &mcdkifEIef;trsm;qkH;&onfh tydkif;wpfydkif;jzpfonf/
oif,lrI tuJjzwf qef;ppfjcif;twGuf taumif;qkH;
vkyfief;udk a&G;cs,fEdkifonf/ rdrdtvkyfudk rdrd (C) tajzrsm; ...
ydkifqdkifaMumif; cHpm;&NyD; xdktvkyfudk vkyfaqmif&ef
1/
pdwftm;wuf<uaponf/
u c * C
tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ ausmif;om;âusmif;ol
rsm;udk oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfEdkifNyD; twef;wufa&mufrI aeYpOf 2 50 100
oif½dk;wpfavQmufwGif rdrdwdkY\ vkyfief;rsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifrI tywfpOf 5 10 50
wdk;wufvmap&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&Sdonf/ twef;wGif;
tywfpOf 5 10 50
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ vkyfief;rsm;
rSwfwrf;wGif tvkyfrsm; xyfaygif;xnfhvmonfESifh tdrfpm ESpfywfwpfBudrf 5 10 50
trQ atmifjrifrI &&Sdvmonf[k cHpm;&vdrfhrnf/ pmoifESpf0uf
qdk;usdK;rsm; - rSwfwrf;wGif taumif;qkH; cif;usif;wifjyrI wpfckvQif 25 2 50
vkyfief;rsm;udkom azmfjyaomaMumifh ausmif;om;^ ESpfBudrf
ausmif;olrsm;\ jyóemrsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf oif,lrI aeYpOfrSwfwrf; tywfpOf 2 10 20
&onfrSm cufcJonf/ oif,lrI ppfaq;rIrsm; ESpfywfwpfBudrf 20 5 100
2/ aumif;usdK;rsm; - twef;xJwGif oifMum;&onfh pmoifESpf
wwfuRrf;rI pGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh acgif;pOfrsm;udk jyefvSef pmar;yGJ wpfckvQif 100 1 100
okH;oyfrdaponf/ xdktuJjzwfokH;oyfrIwGif wpfBudrf
tm;enf;wwfonfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;
twGuf rQwrIr&Sdyg/
qdk;usdK;rsm; - q&m^q&mrrsm;twGuf
pOfqufrjywf vkyfaqmif&rnfh tvkyfjzpfonf/

2/ pOfqufrjywf tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI -
189/250 x 25% = 18.9
∙ rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI -
17/20 x 20% =17
∙ wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif; - 65/100 x 15% = 9.75

∙ pmar;yGJ - 88/100 x 20% = 17.6
∙ trSwfaygif; - 80.25%
(i) erlem tajzrsm; ...
1/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfrI ykHpHrsdK;pkH yg0ifonfh tvGef
tao;pdwfaom pepfwpfckjzpfonf/ q&m^q&mr
odkYr[kwf ausmif;rS rnfrQta&;BuD;aMumif;
qkH;jzwfonfhtay: rlwnfí ppfaq;rItydkif;
wpfckpDonf trSwfaygif;\ &mcdkifEIef; wpfrsdK;pD
&onf/
2/ q&m^q&mronf rwlnDonfh oif,lrI tuJjzwf
qef;ppfrIrsm;wGif ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\
pGrf;aqmif&nf wpfrsdK;pD\ rSwfwrf;rsm;udk
odrf;xm;&rnf/ aemufqkH;tqifhowfrSwfvQif
&mcdkifEIef;rsm;udk tokH;jyK&ef vdktyfonf/
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;onf rdrdwdkY rnfodkY
trSwfay;cH&rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh aemufqkH;tqifhudk
rnfodkY wGufrnfjzpfaMumif; odxm;Muoifhonf/
3/ q&m^q&mrrsm;onf ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;\
tqifhrSwfwrf;rsm;udk odrf;&ef tqifhay;pmtkyf
odkYr[kwf tcsuftvufjy Z,m;wpfckudk tokH;jyK
Edkifonf/ q&m^q&mrrsm;onf aemufqkH;
tqifhrsm;udk wGufcsufí uGefysLwmxJ
odrf;qnf;&mwGif *Pef;aygif;pufwpfckudk
tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ q&m^q&mronf pmoifESpf
tpwGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfonfhpepfudk
ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymjyxm;
Edkifonf/
144 acwfopfq&m
oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; ar;cGef;vTm
(u) tajzrsm; ... (C) tajzrsm;udk atmufyg trSwfay;Z,m;twdkif; trSwfay;yg/
1/ * 5/ u 9/ * 13/ * pdwfauseyf pdwfauseyf
2/ u 6/ u 10/ C 14/ C pHEIef;e,fy,f
zG,f&m&Sd zG,f&mr&Sd
3/ C 7/ u 11/ u
1/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsuf\
4/ * 8/ c 12/ *
OD;wnfcsufudk &Sif;jycsuf
(c) tajzrsm; ... 2/ tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufqdkif&m

jyóemrsm;udk &Sif;jycsuf
1/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI 5/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI
3/ tBuHjyKjyaom tuJjzwf
2/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI 6/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI qef;ppfcsuf enf;vrf;u
3/ ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rI 7/ vufawGUusrI vufawGUus? ,kHMunfpdwfcs
4/ vufawGUusrI 8/ usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI &rI&Sd? usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI&Sd
pkpkaygif; &rSwf ^3
(*) þtrSwfay;pnf;rsOf;twdkif; tajzrsm;udk trSwfay;yg/ q&mrSwfcsufrsm;
∙ ajz&Sif;enf;u usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrIr&Sd?
vufawGUrus? ,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIr&Sd - 0 rSwf erlem tajzrsm; ...
∙ ajz&Sif;enf;u usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI? vufawGUusrI? 1/ tusdK;qdkifrIjrifhonfh 0ifcGifhppfaq;rIwpfckjzpfonf/
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkY tenf;i,f&Sd - 1 rSwf t*Fvdyfbmompum; tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk
∙ ajz&Sif;enf;u usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfrI? vufawGUusrI? vTrf;NcHKonfh ppfaq;rIvkyfief;rsdK;pkH yg0ifaom
,kHMunfpdwfcs&rIwdkY tm;vkH;&Sd - 2 rSwf 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJwpfck pDpOfa&;om;yg/ trSwftjrifhqkH;
erlem tajzrsm; ... &onfh ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk a&G;cs,fNyD;
vlawGUppfaq;yg/ pmar;yGJa&m vlawGUyg ESpfrsdK;vkH;
1/ pHowfrSwfcsufpm&if;wpfck pDpOfNyD; trSwfay;olrsm; wGif aumif;pGmajzqdkolrsm;xJrS a&G;cs,fyg/
tm;vkH;udk avhusifhay;yg/
2/ oif,lpOf ppfaq;onfh tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom
2/ trSwfay;olrsm;udk odyÜHbmom&yf trSm;rsm; wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/ uav;rsm; 20 txd
twGufom trSwfavQmh&ef nTefMum;yg/ &Gwfqdk&rnfh upm;enf;wpfckzefwD;NyD; ¤if;wdkY\
3/ toHydkif;qdkif&m ypönf;rsm;udk ausmif;om;^ vkyfaqmifrIudk avhvmapmifhMunfhyg/
ausmif;olrsm; tm;vkH;Mum;Edkifonfh ae&modkYa&TUyg/ 3/ atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/
4/ avQmufxm;oltm;vkH;udk pmar;yGJajzqdkapyg/ tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfrIwGif yl;aygif;
pmar;yGJwGif trSwftjrifhqkH;&olrsm;udkom vkyfaqmifrIESifh tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrItydkif;rsm;
tifwmAsL;ajzqdkapyg/ xnfhoGif;Edkifonf/ tzGJU\vkyfaqmifrIjzpfpOfudk
5/ trSwfay;vrf;nTefwGif vufcHEdkifzG,f tajzrsm; apmifhMunfhavhvmokH;oyf&ef trSwfay;Z,m;wpfck
tm;vkH;udk pm&if;jyKpkyg/ odkYr[kwf rdrdudk,fudk,f tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI odkYr[kwf
6/ ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh nTefMum;csufrsm;ESifh Oyrmwpfck tcsif;csif; tuJjzwfokH;oyfrI enf;vrf;wdkYudk
ay;yg/ okH;í tzGJUvdkufvkyfaqmifrIudk apmifhMunfhavhvm
7/ tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom ppfaq;rIrsm;udk OD;pm;ray;&ef tuJjzwfEdkifonf/ aemufqkH;&v'frsm;udk
q&m^q&mrrsm;udk tm;ay;yg/ oD;jcm;pD (oifcef;pm tpDtpOf? pmoifMum;rIESifh
jyefvSefokH;oyfrI) tuJjzwfqef;ppfyg/
8/ ppfaq;rI enf;vrf;rsm;tm;vkH;onf ausmif;om;^
ausmif;olrsm; &if;ESD;NyD;jzpfonfh oif½dk;yg 4/ tusdK;qdkifrIedrfhaom wdk;wufrIppfaq;jcif;jzpfonf/
tpdwftydkif;tm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKrdapaMumif; ausmif;om;âusmif;olrsm;udk þtywfxJwGif
ppfaq;yg/ oifMum;xm;cJhonfrsm;tay: tajccHonfh tydwfESifh
tzGifhar;cGef;tenf;i,fudk ajzqdkapyg/

146 acwfopfq&m
acwfopfq&m oif½dk;pmtkyfwGJonf jrefrm q&m q&mrrsm;twGuf oifwef;wdk oif½dk;twGJwpfckjzpfygonf/ oif½dk;
wpfckpDonf oifMum; oif,lrI\ rsufESmpmwpfckpDudk avhvmNyD;? oifMum;a&; puf0ef;wpfckvkH;udk wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh
odem;vnfwwfajrmufatmif oifMum;avhusifhjcif; jzpfygonf/
oif½dk;twGJ (4) onf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; tajccHrsm;udk avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ oif,lrItuJjzwf

qef;ppfjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufrsm;? trsdK;tpm;rsm;? 0daoorsm;? rlabmifrsm;udk avhvmwifjyNyD;? tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;
a&;qGJ&mwGif ¤if;wdkYudk rnfodkY xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfaMumif;vnf; &Sif;vif;jyxm;onf/ tydwfar;cGef;? tzGihfar;cGef;
trsddK;rsdK;ESihf tuJjzwfqef;ppf trSwfay;pepftrsdK;rsdK;udk rnfodkYokH;pGJEdkifaMumif; avhvmwifjyxm;NyD; q&m q&mrwdkYtaeESihf
ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf qDavsmfudkufnDaom tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm;udk zefwD;? ppfaq;? trSwfay;EdkifpGrf;wdkY
wdk;wufvmap&ef &nfrSef;xkwfa0onfh pmtkyfjzpfygonf/
acwfopfq&m oif½dk;pmtkyftwGJrS 'kwd,tBudrf wnf;jzwfxkwfa0aom oif½dk;wpfckcsif;pDonf oD;oefYoifMum;í&aom

pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;jzpfNyD; pmtkyfaemufydkif;wGifvnf; avhusifhcef; tajzrsm; yg0ifonf/ þpmtkyfwGJudk wpftkyfNyD;rS wpftkyf
oifMum;Edkifovdk wpftkyfcsif;pDvnf; ESpfouf&m a&SUaemuf tpDtpOfESifh xkwfEkwfoifMum;Edkifonf/ oif½dk;pmtkyfrsm;udk
q&mvGwf udk,fwdkifavhvm&eftwGufvnf; okH;Edkifonf/ vkyfief;cGiftBudKESifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif;rS q&m q&mrrsm;twGuf
oifMum;avhusifhrI tpDtpOfwpf&yftaeESifh okH;Edkifonf/ q&mtwwfoif oifwef;om;rsm;\ vdktyfcsuf? oifwef;
tpDtpOfrS owfrSwfcsufponfwdkYESifh udkufnDatmif vdkufavsmnDaxGjyKjyifNyD;vnf; þoif½dk;pmtkyfudk tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
acwfopfq&m oif½dk;pmtkyfrsm;onf ½dk;&Sif;vG,fulNyD; rkcfOD;ynma&;xk
ynma&; wf tjcm;pmtkyfrsm;\ csOf;uyfoifMum;ykHrsm;ESifhvnf;
udkufnDrI &Sdygonf/
oif½dk; pmtkyfwGJ\ 0daoorsm; -

• oif½dk;rS &&Sdaom tod? twwfrsm;udk oif,lolrsm;taeESifh rdrdwdkY vufawGUb0 tawGUtBuHKrsm;ESifh csdwfqufí
aomfvnf;aumif;? vkyfief;cGifwGifaomfvnf;aumif; tokH;csavhusifhEdkifatmif vufawGUavhusifhcef;rsm; yg0ifonf/
• t"du t,ltqrsm;udk ydkrdk rSwfrdod&Sdap&ef jyefvSefokH;oyfjcif;ESifh tusOf;csKyfrsm; xnfhoGif;ay;xm;onf/
• jrefrmq&mrsm;twGuf wwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf tnTef;abmifESifh tmqD,H oifMum;a&; wwfuRrf;rI rlabmifwdkYudk
udk;um;xm;ygonf/
tem*wfykH&dyf jrefrmEdkifiHrS vltm;vkH; t&nftaoG;jynfhaom? tm;vkH;yg0ifEkdifaom ynma&; &&Sd&rnf/

t"du vkyfief;pOf t&G,fa&mufNyD;ol ynma&;u@twGuf &yf&Gma'otcif;tusif;ESifh qDavsmfaom
ynma&;qkdif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh w&m;rQwaom
vlrItokdif;t0ef;wpfck azmfaqmif&ef/

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'kwd,tBudrf

Katie Julian Gray Rinehart Marina Haikin

ဦးထိန်လင်း World Wide ပုံနှိပ်တိုက် (မြဲ - ၀၁၁၂၈)

အမှတ် (105-A) ၊ ရတနာမြိုင်လမ်း ၊ ရတနာမြိုင်အိမ်ယာ ၊

ထုတ်ဝေခြင်းလုပ်ငန်း အသိအမှတ်ပြု လက်မှတ်အမှတ် - ၀၁၉၄၇

tcef;wpfcef;pDwGif atmufygwkYd yg0ifonf -

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 3

1/ wwfajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;

3/ oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;pOf trsdK;tpm;rsm;

4/ oif,lrIppfaq;jcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm; zefwD;jcif;

atmufygwdkYrSm q&mwwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuftnTef;abmifwGif jy|mef;xm;onfh vkyfief;cGiftBudK​

2/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif;qdkif&m tajccHrlabmifrsm;

3/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; enf;vrf;rsm;

4/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfcsufrsm; zefwD;jcif;

5/ oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; pepfrsm;

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 5

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 7

u oifMum;rIpuf0ef;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;yg/ vdktyfcsu

c atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk (u) (c)

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 9

The New Teacher 4

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 11

oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; toHk;jyKenf;rsm;

0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif; (ENTRANCE) udk oifwef;wpfckrpcif oif,lolrsm;udk a&G;cs,f&müokH;onf/

oif,lolrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\ oif,lrItqihfESifh oihfawmfaom twef;rsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;&ef

oif,lolrsm;\ pmoifcef;twGif; tm;enf;csuf tm;omcsufrsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf&müvnf;aumif;

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&Hzef&HcgwGif oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;vnf; &SdEdkifonf/ Oyrm -

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 13

(u) oif,lolrsm;onf ynmoifESpftwGuf aemufqkH;&rSwf\ 50 &mcdkifEIef;jzpfaom pmar;yGJwpfckukd ESpftukefwGif

(C) wuúodkvfwpfck&Sd odyÜHr[mwef;wpfwef;twGuf atmifjrifaygufajrmufrI ppfaq;jcif;wpfck

Oyrm - tNydKiftqdkif tvGefrsm;aom aumvdyftBudKoifwef;wpfcktwGuf 0ifcGifhpmar;yGJjzpfonf/

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 15

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 17

[if;wpfcGufudk pm;zdkrSL;u jrnf;Munfhwm

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 19

oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;

oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;

oifMum;oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf oif½dk;wpfcktNyD;? pmoifESpfwpfESpftNyD;? owfrSwf​

q ae&mowfrSwfcsuf ppfaq;jcif;? 0ifcGifh ppfaq;jcif;?

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 21

bmodxm;oenf; b,fvdkxifoenf; bmodcsifoenf;

∙ wpfEdkifiH - jynfe,frsm;pGm ∙ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tawG;opf​ ∙ jynfe,fawGu

2/ t"du pum;pkrsm;udk zGifhqdkyg/ A[dkcsKyfudki

1/ zuf'&,fpepfwGif A[dktpdk;&a&m a'oÅ& tpdk;&yg&Sdonf/ (rSef)

(u) txufygwdkYteuf rnfonfwdkYudk oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOf? rnfonf​

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 23

1/ þoif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; 1/ oifMum; oif,lpOf

1/ þtydkif;wGif rdrdtwGuf rdrd\ oifMum;a&;ü

tESpfcsKyf - tcef; (1) oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 25

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 27

vufawGUusaom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfcsufrsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

1/ ay;xm;aom om"ursm;wGif rnfodkYaom vufawGUusrIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;udk xnhfoGif;wGufcsufoihfoenf;/

pDpOfa&;qGJ apmifhMunfhppfaq; trSwfay;

(u) • tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom pmar;yGJ​

(c) • ausmif;om;OD;a& enf;NyD;

(*) • tm;vkH;udk trSwfjcpfcsdef&atmif

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 29

olwdkY pmt ESpfydkif;cGJ ppfoihfw 'Doif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;udk

aeomaom aehwpfaeh . . . em&Drsm;pGm MumNyD;aemuf . . .

tcef; 4 - oif,lrI tuJjzwfjcif; 31

,kHMunfpdwfcs&aom oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;rsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;

atmufygwdkYrSm q&mwwfuRrf;rI pHowfrSwfcsuftnTef;abmifwGif jy|mef;xm;onfh vkyfief;cGiftBudK

oifMum;oif,ltNyD; oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif;onf oif½dk;wpfcktNyD;? pmoifESpfwpfESpftNyD;? owfrSwf

∙ wpfEdkifiH - jynfe,frsm;pGm ∙ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tawG;opf ∙ jynfe,fawGu

(u) txufygwdkYteuf rnfonfwdkYudk oifMum; oif,lpOf oif,lrI tuJjzwfqef;ppfjcif; vkyfief;pOf? rnfonf

(u) • tusdK;qdkifrIjrihfaom pmar;yGJ

(i) t*Fvdyfa0g[m&rsm;udkom ppfaq;aejcif;jzpfonf/ pum;vHk;

* avQmufxm;ol 120 OD;&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;

atmufygwdkYudk EdkifiHrsm;? NrdKUrsm;? vlrsdK;rsm;

i . ___ x _ = 24 iii . _____ > 4

i . ___ x _ = 24 iii . _____ > 4

þwpfywfwmwGif; oifMum;cJhonfh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk tokH;csNyD; ]]acgif;aqmifwpfOD;wGif &Sdxdkuf